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Kirmanidou Y, Chatzinikolaidou M, Michalakis K, Tsouknidas A. Clinical translation of polycaprolactone-based tissue engineering scaffolds, fabricated via additive manufacturing: A review of their craniofacial applications. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 162:213902. [PMID: 38823255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The craniofacial region is characterized by its intricate bony anatomy and exposure to heightened functional forces presenting a unique challenge for reconstruction. Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the creation of customized scaffolds with interconnected pores and biomimetic microarchitecture, offering precise adaptation to various craniofacial defects. Within this domain, medical-grade poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) has been extensively used for the fabrication of 3D printed scaffolds, specifically tailored for bone regeneration. Its adoption for load-bearing applications was driven mainly by its mechanical properties, adjustable biodegradation rates, and high biocompatibility. The present review aims to consolidating current insights into the clinical translation of PCL-based constructs designed for bone regeneration. It encompasses recent advances in enhancing the mechanical properties and augmenting biodegradation rates of PCL and PCL-based composite scaffolds. Moreover, it delves into various strategies improving cell proliferation and the osteogenic potential of PCL-based materials. These strategies provide insight into the refinement of scaffold microarchitecture, composition, and surface treatments or coatings, that include certain bioactive molecules such as growth factors, proteins, and ceramic nanoparticles. The review critically examines published data on the clinical applications of PCL scaffolds in both extraoral and intraoral craniofacial reconstructions. These applications include cranioplasty, nasal and orbital floor reconstruction, maxillofacial reconstruction, and intraoral bone regeneration. Patient demographics, surgical procedures, follow-up periods, complications and failures are thoroughly discussed. Although results from extraoral applications in the craniofacial region are encouraging, intraoral applications present a high frequency of complications and related failures. Moving forward, future studies should prioritize refining the clinical performance, particularly in the domain of intraoral applications, and providing comprehensive data on the long-term outcomes of PCL-based scaffolds in bone regeneration. Future perspective and limitations regarding the transition of such constructs from bench to bedside are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kirmanidou
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Computational Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, University Campus ZEP, 50100 Kozani, Greece
| | - M Chatzinikolaidou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FO.R.T.H), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - K Michalakis
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Sciences & Biomaterials, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston MA-02111, USA; Center for Multiscale and Translational Mechanobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Tsouknidas
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Computational Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, University Campus ZEP, 50100 Kozani, Greece; Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Sciences & Biomaterials, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston MA-02111, USA.
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2
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Shahbazi M, Jäger H, Ettelaie R, Chen J, Kashi PA, Mohammadi A. Dispersion strategies of nanomaterials in polymeric inks for efficient 3D printing of soft and smart 3D structures: A systematic review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 333:103285. [PMID: 39216400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanoscience-often summarized as "the future is tiny"-highlights the work of researchers advancing nanotechnology through incremental innovations. The design and innovation of new nanomaterials are vital for the development of next-generation three-dimensional (3D) printed structures characterized by low cost, high speed, and versatile capabilities, delivering exceptional performance in advanced applications. The integration of nanofillers into polymeric-based inks for 3D printing heralds a new era in additive manufacturing, allowing for the creation of custom-designed 3D objects with enhanced multifunctionality. To optimize the use of nanomaterials in 3D printing, effective disaggregation techniques and strong interfacial adhesion between nanofillers and polymer matrices are essential. This review provides an overview of the application of various types of nanomaterials used in 3D printing, focusing on their functionalization principles, dispersion strategies, and colloidal stability, as well as the methodologies for aligning nanofillers within the 3D printing framework. It discusses dispersive methods, synergistic dispersion, and in-situ growth, which have yielded smart 3D-printed structures with unique functionality for specific applications. This review also focuses on nanomaterial alignment in 3D printing, detailing methods that enhance selective deposition and orientation of nanofillers within established and customized printing techniques. By emphasizing alignment strategies, we explore their impact on the performance of 3D-printed composites and highlight potential applications that benefit from ordered nanoparticles. Through these continuing efforts, this review shows that the design and development of the new class of nanomaterials are crucial to developing the next generation of smart 3D printed architectures with versatile abilities for advanced structures with exceptional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdiyar Shahbazi
- Institute of Material Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Henry Jäger
- Institute of Material Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rammile Ettelaie
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jianshe Chen
- Food Oral Processing Laboratory, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peyman Asghartabar Kashi
- Faculty of Biosystem, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adeleh Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, University Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Chandra DK, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Kumar A, Mahapatra C. Nanomaterials-Based Hybrid Bioink Platforms in Advancing 3D Bioprinting Technologies for Regenerative Medicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4145-4174. [PMID: 38822783 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is recognized as the ultimate additive biomanufacturing technology in tissue engineering and regeneration, augmented with intelligent bioinks and bioprinters to construct tissues or organs, thereby eliminating the stipulation for artificial organs. For 3D bioprinting of soft tissues, such as kidneys, hearts, and other human body parts, formulations of bioink with enhanced bioinspired rheological and mechanical properties were essential. Nanomaterials-based hybrid bioinks have the potential to overcome the above-mentioned problem and require much attention among researchers. Natural and synthetic nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxides, titanium oxides, nanosilicates, nanoclay, nanocellulose, etc. and their blended have been used in various 3D bioprinters as bioinks and benefitted enhanced bioprintability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. A limited number of articles were published, and the above-mentioned requirement pushed us to write this review. We reviewed, explored, and discussed the nanomaterials and nanocomposite-based hybrid bioinks for the 3D bioprinting technology, 3D bioprinters properties, natural, synthetic, and nanomaterial-based hybrid bioinks, including applications with challenges, limitations, ethical considerations, potential solution for future perspective, and technological advancement of efficient and cost-effective 3D bioprinting methods in tissue regeneration and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães 4800-058, Braga,Portugal
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães 4800-058, Braga,Portugal
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Chinmaya Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
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Gezek M, Altunbek M, Torres Gouveia ME, Camci-Unal G. 3D Printed Eggshell Microparticle-Laden Thermoplastic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32957-32970. [PMID: 38885611 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, an additive manufacturing technique, is increasingly used in the field of tissue engineering. The ability to create complex structures with high precision makes the 3D printing of this material a preferred method for constructing personalized and functional materials. However, the challenge lies in developing affordable and accessible materials with the desired physiochemical and biological properties. In this study, we used eggshell microparticles (ESPs), an example of bioceramic and unconventional biomaterials, to reinforce thermoplastic poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds via extrusion-based 3D printing. The goal was to conceive a sustainable, affordable, and unique personalized medicine approach. The scaffolds were fabricated with varying concentrations of eggshells, ranging from 0 to 50% (w/w) in the PCL scaffolds. To assess the physicochemical properties, we employed scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Mechanical properties were evaluated through compression testing, and degradation kinetics were studied through accelerated degradation with the remaining mass ranging between 89.4 and 28.3%. In vitro, we evaluated the characteristics of the scaffolds using the MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts over a 14 day period. In vitro characterization involved the use of the Alamar blue assay, confocal imaging, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of 3D printed biocomposite scaffolds, consisting of thermoplastic PCL reinforced with ESPs, as a promising alternative for bone-graft applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Gezek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Mine Altunbek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | | | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Daskalakis E, Huang B, Hassan MH, Omar AM, Vyas C, Acar AA, Fallah A, Cooper G, Weightman A, Blunn G, Koç B, Bartolo P. In Vitro Evaluation of Pore Size Graded Bone Scaffolds with Different Material Composition. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:e718-e730. [PMID: 38689909 PMCID: PMC11057695 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The demand for biomimetic and biocompatible scaffolds in equivalence of structure and material composition for the regeneration of bone tissue is relevantly high. This article is investigating a novel three-dimensional (3D) printed porous structure called bone bricks with a gradient pore size mimicking the structure of the bone tissue. Poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) combined with ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and bioglass 45S5 were successfully mixed using a melt blending method and fabricated with the use of screw-assisted extrusion-based additive manufacturing system. Bone bricks containing the same material concentration (20 wt%) were biologically characterized through proliferation and differentiation tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of cells on the surface of bone bricks, whereas energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was used to investigate the element composition on the surface of the bone bricks. Confocal imaging was used to investigate the number of differentiated cells on the surface of bone bricks. Proliferation results showed that bone bricks containing PCL/HA content are presenting higher proliferation properties, whereas differentiation results showed that bone bricks containing PCL/Bioglass 45S5 are presenting higher differentiation properties. Confocal imaging results showed that bone bricks containing PCL/Bioglass 45S5 are presenting a higher number of differentiated cells on their surface compared with the other material contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Daskalakis
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Boyang Huang
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohamed H. Hassan
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abdalla M. Omar
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cian Vyas
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anil A. Acar
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Fallah
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Glen Cooper
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Weightman
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Bahattin Koç
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Nitschke BM, Beltran FO, Hahn MS, Grunlan MA. Trends in bioactivity: inducing and detecting mineralization of regenerative polymeric scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2720-2736. [PMID: 38410921 PMCID: PMC10935659 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02674d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to limitations of biological and alloplastic grafts, regenerative engineering has emerged as a promising alternative to treat bone defects. Bioactive polymeric scaffolds are an integral part of such an approach. Bioactivity importantly induces hydroxyapatite mineralization that promotes osteoinductivity and osseointegration with surrounding bone tissue. Strategies to confer bioactivity to polymeric scaffolds utilize bioceramic fillers, coatings and surface treatments, and additives. These approaches can also favorably impact mechanical and degradation properties. A variety of fabrication methods are utilized to prepare scaffolds with requisite morphological features. The bioactivity of scaffolds may be evaluated with a broad set of techniques, including in vitro (acellular and cellular) and in vivo methods. Herein, we highlight contemporary and emerging approaches to prepare and assess scaffold bioactivity, as well as existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Nitschke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Felipe O Beltran
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Melissa A Grunlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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7
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Azadani RN, Karbasi S, Poursamar A. Chitosan/MWCNTs nanocomposite coating on 3D printed scaffold of poly 3-hydroxybutyrate/magnetic mesoporous bioactive glass: A new approach for bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129407. [PMID: 38224805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of 3D printing has become increasingly common in the construction of composite scaffolds. In this study, magnetic mesoporous bioactive glass (MMBG) was incorporated into polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) to construct extrusion-based 3D printed scaffold. After fabrication of the PHB/MMBG composite scaffolds, they were coated with chitosan (Cs) and chitosan/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Cs/MWCNTs) solutions utilizing deep coating method. FTIR was conducted to confirm the presence of Cs and MWCNTs on the scaffolds' surface. The findings of mechanical analysis illustrated that presence of Cs/MWCNTs on the composite scaffolds increases compressive young modulus significantly, from 16.5 to 42.2 MPa. According to hydrophilicity evaluation, not only MMBG led to decrease the contact angle of pure PHB but also scaffolds surface modification utilization of Cs and MWCNTs, the contact angle decreased significantly from 82.34° to 54.15°. Furthermore, investigation of cell viability, cell metabolism and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) proved that the scaffolds not only do not stimulate the immune system, but also polarize macrophage cells from M1 phase to M2 phase. The present study highlights the suitability of 3D printed scaffold PHB/MMBG with Cs/MWCNTs coating for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Nasr Azadani
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Poursamar
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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8
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Shin M, Lim J, Park Y, Lee JY, Yoon J, Choi JW. Carbon-based nanocomposites for biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7142-7156. [PMID: 38419681 PMCID: PMC10900039 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08946k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field, including for biosensing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering applications. Based on their inherent properties such as their unique structure and high conductivity, carbon nanomaterials can overcome the current limitations in biomedical research such as poor stability of biomolecules, low sensitivity and selectivity of biosensors, and difficulty in precise drug delivery. In addition, recently, several novel nanomaterials have been integrated with carbon nanomaterials to develop carbon-based nanocomposites for application in biomedical research. In this review, we discuss recent studies on carbon-based nanocomposites and their biomedical applications. First, we discuss the representative carbon nanomaterials and nanocomposites composed of carbon and other novel nanomaterials. Next, applications of carbon nanomaterials and nanocomposites in the biomedical field are discussed according to topics in the biomedical field. We have discussed the recent studies on biosensors, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. In conclusion, we believe that this review provides the potential and applicability of carbon nanomaterials and their nanocomposites and suggests future directions of the application of carbon-based nanocomposites in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Shin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Joungpyo Lim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseon Park
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu Bucheon-si Gyeonggi-do 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
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9
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Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Sadat Z, Lalebeigi F, Naderi N, Panahi L, Ganjali F, Mahdian S, Saadatidizaji Z, Mahdavi M, Chidar E, Soleimani E, Ghaee A, Maleki A, Zare I. Effects of mechanical properties of carbon-based nanocomposites on scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a comprehensive review. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:337-366. [PMID: 38235087 PMCID: PMC10790973 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00554b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical properties, such as elasticity modulus, tensile strength, elongation, hardness, density, creep, toughness, brittleness, durability, stiffness, creep rupture, corrosion and wear, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and fatigue limit, are some of the most important features of a biomaterial in tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, the scaffolds used in tissue engineering must exhibit mechanical and biological behaviour close to the target tissue. Thus, a variety of materials has been studied for enhancing the mechanical performance of composites. Carbon-based nanostructures, such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fibrous carbon nanostructures, and nanodiamonds (NDs), have shown great potential for this purpose. This is owing to their biocompatibility, high chemical and physical stability, ease of functionalization, and numerous surface functional groups with the capability to form covalent bonds and electrostatic interactions with other components in the composite, thus significantly enhancing their mechanical properties. Considering the outstanding capabilities of carbon nanostructures in enhancing the mechanical properties of biocomposites and increasing their applicability in tissue engineering and the lack of comprehensive studies on their biosafety and role in increasing the mechanical behaviour of scaffolds, a comprehensive review on carbon nanostructures is provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Farnaz Lalebeigi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Nooshin Naderi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Leila Panahi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ganjali
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Sakineh Mahdian
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Zahra Saadatidizaji
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Elham Chidar
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Erfan Soleimani
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Azadeh Ghaee
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran P.O. Box 14395-1561 Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co. Ltd Shiraz 7178795844 Iran
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10
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Wang X, Huang S, Peng Q. Metal Ion-Doped Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials for Bone Defect Restoration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1367. [PMID: 38135958 PMCID: PMC10741145 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA)-based materials are widely used in the bone defect restoration field due to their stable physical properties, good biocompatibility, and bone induction potential. To further improve their performance with extra functions such as antibacterial activity, various kinds of metal ion-doped HA-based materials have been proposed and synthesized. This paper offered a comprehensive review of metal ion-doped HA-based materials for bone defect restoration based on the introduction of the physicochemical characteristics of HA followed by the synthesis methods, properties, and applications of different kinds of metal ion (Ag+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, Sm3+, and Ce3+)-doped HA-based materials. In addition, the underlying challenges for bone defect restoration using these materials and potential solutions were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha 410100, China;
| | - Qian Peng
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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11
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Watcharajittanont N, Tabrizian M, Ekarattanawong S, Meesane J. Bone-mimicking scaffold based on silk fibroin incorporated with hydroxyapatite and titanium oxide as enhanced osteo-conductive material for bone tissue formation: fabrication, characterization, properties, and in vitrotesting. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065007. [PMID: 37647902 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acf542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone-mimicking scaffolds based on silk fibroin (SF) mixed with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA NPs) and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were created as materials for bone formation. Six scaffold groups were fabricated: S1 (SF), S2 (Silk + (HA: TiO2; 100: 0)), S3 (Silk, (HA: TiO2; 70: 30)), S4 (Silk + (HA NPs: TiO2; 50: 50)), S5 (Silk + (HA: TiO2; 30: 70)), and S6 (Silk + (HA NPs: TiO2; 0:100)). Scaffolds were characterized for molecular formation, structure, and morphology by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, element analysis, and X-ray diffraction. They were tested for physical swelling and compressive modulus. Scaffolds were cultured with MC3T3 and testedin vitroto evaluate their biological performance. The results showed that scaffolds with HA and TiO2demonstrated molecular interaction via amide I and phosphate groups. These scaffolds had smaller pore sizes than those without HA and TiO2. They showed more swelling and higher compressive modulus than the scaffolds without HA and TiO2. They exhibited better biological performance: cell adhesion, viability, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium content than the scaffolds without HA and TiO2. Their porous walls acted as templates for cell aggregation and supported synthesis of calcium secreted from cells. S3 were the most suitable scaffolds. With their enhanced osteo-conductive function, they are promising for bone augmentation for oral and maxillofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sophapun Ekarattanawong
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jirut Meesane
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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12
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Murab S, Herold S, Hawk T, Snyder A, Espinal E, Whitlock P. Advances in additive manufacturing of polycaprolactone based scaffolds for bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7250-7279. [PMID: 37249247 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Critical sized bone defects are difficult to manage and currently available clinical/surgical strategies for treatment are not completely successful. Polycaprolactone (PCL) which is a biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic can be 3D printed using medical images into patient specific bone implants. The excellent mechanical properties and low immunogenicity of PCL makes it an ideal biomaterial candidate for 3D printing of bone implants. Though PCL suffers from the limitation of being bio-inert. Here we describe the use of PCL as a biomaterial for 3D printing for bone regeneration, and advances made in the field. The specific focus is on the different 3D printing techniques used for this purpose and various modification that can enhance bone regeneration following the development pathways. We further describe the effect of various scaffold characteristics on bone regeneration both in vitro and the translational assessment of these 3D printed PCL scaffolds in animal studies. The generated knowledge will help understand cell-material interactions of 3D printed PCL scaffolds, to further improve scaffold chemistry and design that can replicate bone developmental processes and can be translated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Murab
- BioX Centre, School of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, India.
| | - Sydney Herold
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - Teresa Hawk
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - Alexander Snyder
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - Emil Espinal
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - Patrick Whitlock
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, USA.
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13
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Akiyama N, Patel KD, Jang EJ, Shannon MR, Patel R, Patel M, Perriman AW. Tubular nanomaterials for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:6225-6248. [PMID: 37309580 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00905j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial composition, morphology, and mechanical performance are critical parameters for tissue engineering. Within this rapidly expanding space, tubular nanomaterials (TNs), including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), titanium oxide nanotubes (TNTs), halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), silica nanotubes (SiNTs), and hydroxyapatite nanotubes (HANTs) have shown significant potential across a broad range of applications due to their high surface area, versatile surface chemistry, well-defined mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and monodispersity. These include drug delivery vectors, imaging contrast agents, and scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. This review is centered on the recent developments in TN-based biomaterials for structural tissue engineering, with a strong focus on bone tissue regeneration. It includes a detailed literature review on TN-based orthopedic coatings for metallic implants and composite scaffolds to enhance in vivo bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Akiyama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Cooper Union of the Advancement of Science and Art, New York City, NY 10003, USA
| | - Kapil D Patel
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Eun Jo Jang
- Nano Science and Engineering (NSE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - Mark R Shannon
- Bristol Composites Institute (BCI), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UP, UK
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy and Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
| | - Adam Willis Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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14
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Nalesso PRL, Vedovatto M, Gregório JES, Huang B, Vyas C, Santamaria-Jr M, Bártolo P, Caetano GF. Early In Vivo Osteogenic and Inflammatory Response of 3D Printed Polycaprolactone/Carbon Nanotube/Hydroxyapatite/Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2952. [PMID: 37447597 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of advanced biomaterials and manufacturing processes to fabricate biologically and mechanically appropriate scaffolds for bone tissue is a significant challenge. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biocompatible and degradable polymer used in bone tissue engineering, but it lacks biofunctionalization. Bioceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and β tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), which are similar chemically to native bone, can facilitate both osteointegration and osteoinduction whilst improving the biomechanics of a scaffold. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) display exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. A major limitation is the understanding of how PCL-based scaffolds containing HA, TCP, and CNTs behave in vivo in a bone regeneration model. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of three-dimensional (3D) printed PCL-based composite scaffolds containing CNTs, HA, and β-TCP during the initial osteogenic and inflammatory response phase in a critical bone defect rat model. Gene expression related to early osteogenesis, the inflammatory phase, and tissue formation was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Tissue formation and mineralization were assessed by histomorphometry. The CNT+HA/TCP group presented higher expression of osteogenic genes after seven days. The CNT+HA and CNT+TCP groups stimulated higher gene expression for tissue formation and mineralization, and pro- and anti-inflammatory genes after 14 and 30 days. Moreover, the CNT+TCP and CNT+HA/TCP groups showed higher gene expressions related to M1 macrophages. The association of CNTs with ceramics at 10wt% (CNT+HA/TCP) showed lower expressions of inflammatory genes and higher osteogenic, presenting a positive impact and balanced cell signaling for early bone formation. The association of CNTs with both ceramics promoted a minor inflammatory response and faster bone tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Lopes Nalesso
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Centre of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras 13607-339, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Vedovatto
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Centre of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras 13607-339, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Boyang Huang
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Cian Vyas
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Milton Santamaria-Jr
- Graduate Program of Orthodontics, University Centre of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras 13607-339, SP, Brazil
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Science and Technology - College of Dentistry, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Bártolo
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Guilherme Ferreira Caetano
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Centre of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras 13607-339, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Orthodontics, University Centre of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras 13607-339, SP, Brazil
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo University (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
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15
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Arif ZU, Khalid MY, Noroozi R, Hossain M, Shi HH, Tariq A, Ramakrishna S, Umer R. Additive manufacturing of sustainable biomaterials for biomedical applications. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100812. [PMID: 37274921 PMCID: PMC10238852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers are promising environmentally benign materials applicable in multifarious applications. They are especially favorable in implantable biomedical devices thanks to their excellent unique properties, including bioactivity, renewability, bioresorbability, biocompatibility, biodegradability and hydrophilicity. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a flexible and intricate manufacturing technology, which is widely used to fabricate biopolymer-based customized products and structures for advanced healthcare systems. Three-dimensional (3D) printing of these sustainable materials is applied in functional clinical settings including wound dressing, drug delivery systems, medical implants and tissue engineering. The present review highlights recent advancements in different types of biopolymers, such as proteins and polysaccharides, which are employed to develop different biomedical products by using extrusion, vat polymerization, laser and inkjet 3D printing techniques in addition to normal bioprinting and four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting techniques. This review also incorporates the influence of nanoparticles on the biological and mechanical performances of 3D-printed tissue scaffolds. This work also addresses current challenges as well as future developments of environmentally friendly polymeric materials manufactured through the AM techniques. Ideally, there is a need for more focused research on the adequate blending of these biodegradable biopolymers for achieving useful results in targeted biomedical areas. We envision that biopolymer-based 3D-printed composites have the potential to revolutionize the biomedical sector in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ullah Arif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus 51041, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir Khalid
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reza Noroozi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mokarram Hossain
- Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering (ZCCE), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - HaoTian Harvey Shi
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Western University, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ali Tariq
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus 51041, Pakistan
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Rehan Umer
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Wei L, Wang S, Shan M, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Wang L, Mao J. Conductive fibers for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:343-364. [PMID: 36311045 PMCID: PMC9588989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectricity has been stated as a key factor in regulating cell activity and tissue function in electroactive tissues. Thus, various biomedical electronic constructs have been developed to interfere with cell behaviors to promote tissue regeneration, or to interface with cells or tissue/organ surfaces to acquire physiological status via electrical signals. Benefiting from the outstanding advantages of flexibility, structural diversity, customizable mechanical properties, and tunable distribution of conductive components, conductive fibers are able to avoid the damage-inducing mechanical mismatch between the construct and the biological environment, in return to ensure stable functioning of such constructs during physiological deformation. Herein, this review starts by presenting current fabrication technologies of conductive fibers including wet spinning, microfluidic spinning, electrospinning and 3D printing as well as surface modification on fibers and fiber assemblies. To provide an update on the biomedical applications of conductive fibers and fiber assemblies, we further elaborate conductive fibrous constructs utilized in tissue engineering and regeneration, implantable healthcare bioelectronics, and wearable healthcare bioelectronics. To conclude, current challenges and future perspectives of biomedical electronic constructs built by conductive fibers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mengqi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yimeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yongliang Wang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jifu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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17
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Dixon DT, Gomillion CT. 3D-Printed conductive polymeric scaffolds with direct current electrical stimulation for enhanced bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1351-1364. [PMID: 36825765 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Various methods have been used to treat bone defects caused by genetic disorders, injury, or disease. Yet, there is still great need to develop alternative approaches to repair damaged bone tissue. Bones naturally exhibit piezoelectric potential, or the ability to convert mechanical stresses into electrical impulses. This phenomenon has been utilized clinically to enhance bone regeneration in conjunction with electrical stimulation (ES) therapies; however, oftentimes with critical-sized bone defects, the bioelectric potential at the site of injury is compromised, resulting in less desirable outcomes. In the present study, the potential of a 3D-printed conductive polymer blend to enhance bone formation through restoration of the bioelectrical microenvironment was evaluated. A commercially available 3D printer was used to create circular, thin-film scaffolds consisting of either polylactide (PLA) or a conductive PLA (CPLA) composite. Preosteoblast cells were seeded onto the scaffolds and subjected to direct current ES via a purpose-built cell culture chamber. It was found that CPLA scaffolds had no adverse effects on cell viability, proliferation or differentiation when compared with control scaffolds. The addition of ES, however, resulted in a significant increase in the expression of osteocalcin, a protein indicative of osteoblast maturation, after 14 days of culture. Furthermore, xylenol orange staining also showed the presence of increased mineralized calcium nodules in cultures undergoing stimulation. This study demonstrates the potential for low-cost, conductive scaffolding materials to support cell viability and enhance in vitro mineralization in conjunction with ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damion T Dixon
- School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Cheryl T Gomillion
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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18
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Peng W, Liu Y, Wang C. Definition, measurement, and function of pore structure dimensions of bioengineered porous bone tissue materials based on additive manufacturing: A review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1081548. [PMID: 36686223 PMCID: PMC9845791 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1081548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered porous bone tissue materials based on additive manufacturing technology have gradually become a research hotspot in bone tissue-related bioengineering. Research on structural design, preparation and processing processes, and performance optimization has been carried out for this material, and further industrial translation and clinical applications have been implemented. However, based on previous studies, there is controversy in the academic community about characterizing the pore structure dimensions of porous materials, with problems in the definition logic and measurement method for specific parameters. In addition, there are significant differences in the specific morphological and functional concepts for the pore structure due to differences in defining the dimensional characterization parameters of the pore structure, leading to some conflicts in perceptions and discussions among researchers. To further clarify the definitions, measurements, and dimensional parameters of porous structures in bioengineered bone materials, this literature review analyzes different dimensional characterization parameters of pore structures of porous materials to provide a theoretical basis for unified definitions and the standardized use of parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China,Foshan Orthopedic Implant (Stable) Engineering Technology Research Center, Foshan, China
| | - Yami Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China,Foshan Orthopedic Implant (Stable) Engineering Technology Research Center, Foshan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China,*Correspondence: Cheng Wang,
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19
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Cao Y, Sun L, Liu Z, Shen Z, Jia W, Hou P, Sang S. 3D printed-electrospun PCL/hydroxyapatite/MWCNTs scaffolds for the repair of subchondral bone. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac104. [PMID: 36683741 PMCID: PMC9847519 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral defect caused by trauma or osteoarthritis exhibits a major challenge in clinical treatment with limited symptomatic effects at present. The regeneration and remodeling of subchondral bone play a positive effect on cartilage regeneration and further promotes the repair of osteochondral defects. Making use of the strengths of each preparation method, the combination of 3D printing and electrospinning is a promising method for designing and constructing multi-scale scaffolds that mimic the complexity and hierarchical structure of subchondral bone at the microscale and nanoscale, respectively. In this study, the 3D printed-electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nano-hydroxyapatites/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PCL/nHA/MWCNTs) scaffolds were successfully constructed by the combination of electrospinning and layer-by-layer 3D printing. The resulting dual-scale scaffold consisted of a dense layer of disordered nanospun fibers and a porous microscale 3D scaffold layer to support and promote the ingrowth of subchondral bone. Herein, the biomimetic PCL/nHA/MWCNTs scaffolds enhanced cell seeding efficiency and allowed for higher cell-cell interactions that supported the adhesion, proliferation, activity, morphology and subsequently improved the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Together, this study elucidates that the construction of 3D printed-electrospun PCL/nHA/MWCNTs scaffolds provides an alternative strategy for the regeneration of subchondral bone and lays a foundation for subsequent in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Cao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China,Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zixian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China,Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhizhong Shen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China,Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Wendan Jia
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China,Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Peiyi Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China,Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
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20
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Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of stem cells by 3D printed PCL scaffolds coated with collagen and hydroxyapatite. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12359. [PMID: 35859093 PMCID: PMC9300684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering uses various methods and materials to find suitable scaffolds that regenerate lost bone due to disease or injury. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) can be used in 3D printing for producing biodegradable scaffolds by fused deposition modeling (FDM). However, the hydrophobic surfaces of PCL and its non-osteogenic nature reduces adhesion and cell bioactivity at the time of implantation. This work aims to enhance bone formation, osteogenic differentiation, and in vitro biocompatibility via PCL scaffolds modification with Hydroxyapatite (HA) and Collagen type I (COL). This study evaluated the osteosupportive capacity, biological behavior, and physicochemical properties of 3D-printed PCL, PCL/HA, PCL/COL, and PCL/HA/COL scaffolds. Biocompatibility and cells proliferation were investigated by seeding human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) onto the scaffolds, which were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. In addition, the bone differentiation potential of the hADSCs was assessed using calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-related protein and genes. Although all constructed scaffolds support hADSCs proliferation and differentiation, the results showed that scaffold coating with HA and COL can boost these capacities in a synergistic manner. According to the findings, the tricomponent 3D-printed scaffold can be considered as a promising choice for bone tissue regeneration and rebuilding.
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21
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Xu Y, Hirata E, Iizumi Y, Ushijima N, Kubota K, Kimura S, Maeda Y, Okazaki T, Yokoyama A. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Membranes Accelerate Active Osteogenesis in Bone Defects: Potential of Guided Bone Regeneration Membranes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1667-1675. [PMID: 35258943 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are potentially important biomaterials because of their chemical, physical, and biological properties. Our research indicates that CNTs exhibit high compatibility with bone tissue. The guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique is commonly applied to reconstruct alveolar bone and treat peri-implant bone defects. In GBR, bone defects are covered with a barrier membrane to prevent the entry of nonosteogenic cells such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts. The barrier membrane also maintains a space for new bone formation. However, the mechanical and biological properties of materials previously used in clinical practice sometimes delayed bone regeneration. In this study, we developed a CNT-based membrane for GBR exhibiting high strength to provide a space for bone formation and provide cellular shielding to induce osteogenesis. The CNT membrane was made via the dispersion of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) in hyaluronic acid solution followed by filtration. The CNT membrane assumed a nanostructure surface due to the bundled SWCNTs and exhibited high strength and hydrophilicity after oxidation. In addition, the membrane promoted the proliferation of osteoblasts but not nonosteogenic cells. CNT membranes were used to cover experimental bone defects made in rat calvaria. At 8 weeks after surgery, more extensive bone formation was observed in membrane-covered defects compared with bone defects not covered with membrane. Almost no diffusion of CNTs was observed around the membrane. These results indicate that the CNT membrane has adequate strength, stability, and surface characteristics for osteoblasts, and its shielding properties promote bone formation. Demonstration of the safety and osteogenic potential of the CNT membranes through further animal studies should facilitate their clinical application in GBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Xu
- Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Eri Hirata
- Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yoko Iizumi
- CNT-Application Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ushijima
- Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kubota
- Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Sadahito Kimura
- Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yukari Maeda
- Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Toshiya Okazaki
- CNT-Application Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Atsuro Yokoyama
- Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
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22
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Machado-Paula MM, Corat MAF, de Vasconcellos LMR, Araújo JCR, Mi G, Ghannadian P, Toniato TV, Marciano FR, Webster TJ, Lobo AO. Rotary Jet-Spun Polycaprolactone/Hydroxyapatite and Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds Seeded with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Bone Neoformation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1013-1024. [PMID: 35171572 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, bone tissue replacements and/or bone repair are challenging. Strategies based on well-defined combinations of osteoconductive materials and osteogenic cells are promising to improve bone regeneration but still require improvement. Herein, we combined polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers, carbon nanotubes (CNT), and hydroxyapatite (nHap) nanoparticles to develop the next generation of bone regeneration material. Fibers formed by rotary jet spinning (RJS) instead of traditional electrospinning (ES) with embedded bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) showed the best outcomes to repair rat calvarial defects after 6 weeks. To understand this, it was observed that different morphologies were formed depending on the manufacturing method used. RJS fibers presented a particular topography with rough fibers, which allowed for better cellular growth and cell spreading in vitro around and into a three-dimensional (3D) mesh, while fibers made by ES were more smooth and cellular growth was only measured on the 3D mesh surface. The fibers with incorporated nHap/CNT nanoparticles enhanced in vitro cell performance as indicated by more cellular proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, proliferation, and deposition of calcium. Greater bone neoformation occurred by combining three characteristics: the presence of nHap and CNT nanoparticles, the topography of the RJS fibers, and the addition of BMMSCs. RJS fibers with nanoparticles and seeded with BMMSCs showed 10 136 mm3 of bone neoformation, meaning a 10-fold increase compared to using RJS only and BMMSCs (0.853 mm3) and a 5-fold increase from using ES only (2054 mm3) after 6 weeks of implantation. Conversely, none of these approaches used individually showed any significant difference for in vivo bone neoformation, suggesting that their combination is essential for optimizing bone formation. In summary, our work generated a potential material composed of well-defined combinations of suitable scaffolds seeded with BMMSCs for enhancing numerous orthopedic tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian M Machado-Paula
- Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraiba, São José dos Campos, SP 12244 - 000, Brazil.,Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Marcus A F Corat
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Luana M R de Vasconcellos
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo 12245000, Brazil
| | - Juliani C R Araújo
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo 12245000, Brazil
| | - Gujie Mi
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Paria Ghannadian
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tatiane V Toniato
- Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraiba, São José dos Campos, SP 12244 - 000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Marciano
- Department of Physics, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Anderson O Lobo
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
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23
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Daskalakis E, Huang B, Vyas C, Acar AA, Fallah A, Cooper G, Weightman A, Koc B, Blunn G, Bartolo P. Novel 3D Bioglass Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:445. [PMID: 35160435 PMCID: PMC8839207 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of scaffolds with optimal biomechanical properties for load-bearing applications is an important topic of research. Most studies have addressed this problem by focusing on the material composition and not on the coupled effect between the material composition and the scaffold architecture. Polymer-bioglass scaffolds have been investigated due to the excellent bioactivity properties of bioglass, which release ions that activate osteogenesis. However, material preparation methods usually require the use of organic solvents that induce surface modifications on the bioglass particles, compromising the adhesion with the polymeric material thus compromising mechanical properties. In this paper, we used a simple melt blending approach to produce polycaprolactone/bioglass pellets to construct scaffolds with pore size gradient. The results show that the addition of bioglass particles improved the mechanical properties of the scaffolds and, due to the selected architecture, all scaffolds presented mechanical properties in the cortical bone region. Moreover, the addition of bioglass indicated a positive long-term effect on the biological performance of the scaffolds. The pore size gradient also induced a cell spreading gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Daskalakis
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (E.D.); (B.H.); (C.V.); (G.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Boyang Huang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (E.D.); (B.H.); (C.V.); (G.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Cian Vyas
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (E.D.); (B.H.); (C.V.); (G.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Anil Ahmet Acar
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (A.A.A.); (A.F.); (B.K.)
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ali Fallah
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (A.A.A.); (A.F.); (B.K.)
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Glen Cooper
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (E.D.); (B.H.); (C.V.); (G.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrew Weightman
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (E.D.); (B.H.); (C.V.); (G.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Bahattin Koc
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (A.A.A.); (A.F.); (B.K.)
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (E.D.); (B.H.); (C.V.); (G.C.); (A.W.)
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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24
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Barlian A, Vanya K. Nanotopography in directing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: potency and future perspective. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO765. [PMID: 34900339 PMCID: PMC8656311 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe bone injuries can result in disabilities and thus affect a person's quality of life. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be an alternative for bone healing by growing them on nanopatterned substrates that provide mechanical signals for differentiation. This review aims to highlight the role of nanopatterns in directing or inducing MSC osteogenic differentiation, especially in bone tissue engineering. Nanopatterns can upregulate the expression of osteogenic markers, which indicates a faster differentiation process. Combined with growth factors, nanopatterns can further upregulate osteogenic markers, but with fewer growth factors needed, thereby reducing the risks and costs involved. Nanopatterns can be applied in scaffolds for tissue engineering for their lasting effects, even in vivo, thus having great potential for future bone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Science & Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences & Nanotechnology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Katherine Vanya
- School of Life Science & Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
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25
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Bakhtiary N, Liu C, Ghorbani F. Bioactive Inks Development for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering: A Mini-Review. Gels 2021; 7:274. [PMID: 34940334 PMCID: PMC8700778 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, a prevalent joint disease affecting both cartilage and subchondral bone is osteoarthritis. Osteochondral tissue, a complex tissue unit, exhibited limited self-renewal potential. Furthermore, its gradient properties, including mechanical property, bio-compositions, and cellular behaviors, present a challenge in repairing and regenerating damaged osteochondral tissues. Here, tissue engineering and translational medicine development using bioprinting technology provided a promising strategy for osteochondral tissue repair. In this regard, personalized stratified scaffolds, which play an influential role in osteochondral regeneration, can provide potential treatment options in early-stage osteoarthritis to delay or avoid the use of joint replacements. Accordingly, bioactive scaffolds with possible integration with surrounding tissue and controlling inflammatory responses have promising future tissue engineering perspectives. This minireview focuses on introducing biologically active inks for bioprinting the hierarchical scaffolds, containing growth factors and bioactive materials for 3D printing of regenerative osteochondral substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Bakhtiary
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-114, Iran;
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK;
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Backes EH, Harb SV, Beatrice CAG, Shimomura KMB, Passador FR, Costa LC, Pessan LA. Polycaprolactone usage in additive manufacturing strategies for tissue engineering applications: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1479-1503. [PMID: 34918463 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been extensively applied on tissue engineering because of its low-melting temperature, good processability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, mechanical resistance, and relatively low cost. The advance of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies in the past decade have boosted the fabrication of customized PCL products, with shorter processing time and absence of material waste. In this context, this review focuses on the use of AM techniques to produce PCL scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications, including bone, muscle, cartilage, skin, and cardiovascular tissue regeneration. The search for optimized geometry, porosity, interconnectivity, controlled degradation rate, and tailored mechanical properties are explored as a tool for enhancing PCL biocompatibility and bioactivity. In addition, rheological and thermal behavior is discussed in terms of filament and scaffold production. Finally, a roadmap for future research is outlined, including the combination of PCL struts with cell-laden hydrogels and 4D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Henrique Backes
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Samarah Vargas Harb
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cesar Augusto Gonçalves Beatrice
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Kawany Munique Boriolo Shimomura
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Lidiane Cristina Costa
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Pessan
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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27
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Jampilek J, Placha D. Advances in Use of Nanomaterials for Musculoskeletal Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1994. [PMID: 34959276 PMCID: PMC8703496 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13121994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the worldwide incidence of bone disorders and cartilage damage has been increasing and traditional therapy has reached its limits, nanomaterials can provide a new strategy in the regeneration of bones and cartilage. The nanoscale modifies the properties of materials, and many of the recently prepared nanocomposites can be used in tissue engineering as scaffolds for the development of biomimetic materials involved in the repair and healing of damaged tissues and organs. In addition, some nanomaterials represent a noteworthy alternative for treatment and alleviating inflammation or infections caused by microbial pathogens. On the other hand, some nanomaterials induce inflammation processes, especially by the generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, it is necessary to know and understand their effects in living systems and use surface modifications to prevent these negative effects. This contribution is focused on nanostructured scaffolds, providing a closer structural support approximation to native tissue architecture for cells and regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, which results in cartilage and bone healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Placha
- Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
- Centre ENET, CEET, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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28
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Petretta M, Gambardella A, Desando G, Cavallo C, Bartolotti I, Shelyakova T, Goranov V, Brucale M, Dediu VA, Fini M, Grigolo B. Multifunctional 3D-Printed Magnetic Polycaprolactone/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3825. [PMID: 34771382 PMCID: PMC8588077 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional and resistant 3D structures represent a great promise and a great challenge in bone tissue engineering. This study addresses this problem by employing polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds added with hydroxyapatite (HAp) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), able to drive on demand the necessary cells and other bioagents for a high healing efficiency. PCL-HAp-SPION scaffolds with different concentrations of the superparamagnetic component were developed through the 3D-printing technology and the specific topographical features were detected by Atomic Force and Magnetic Force Microscopy (AFM-MFM). AFM-MFM measurements confirmed a homogenous distribution of HAp and SPION throughout the surface. The magnetically assisted seeding of cells in the scaffold resulted most efficient for the 1% SPION concentration, providing good cell entrapment and adhesion rates. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) seeded onto PCL-HAp-1% SPION showed a good cell proliferation and intrinsic osteogenic potential, indicating no toxic effects of the employed scaffold materials. The performed characterizations and the collected set of data point on the inherent osteogenic potential of the newly developed PCL-HAp-1% SPION scaffolds, endorsing them towards next steps of in vitro and in vivo studies and validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Petretta
- REGENHU Ltd., Z.I. Le Vivier 22, 1690 Villaz-St-Pierre, Switzerland;
- SSD Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (B.G.)
| | - Alessandro Gambardella
- SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Giovanna Desando
- SSD Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (B.G.)
| | - Carola Cavallo
- SSD Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (B.G.)
| | - Isabella Bartolotti
- SSD Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (B.G.)
| | - Tatiana Shelyakova
- SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Vitaly Goranov
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (M.B.); (V.A.D.)
- BioDevice Systems, Bulharská, 10-Vršovice, 996/20, 10100 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Brucale
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (M.B.); (V.A.D.)
| | - Valentin Alek Dediu
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (M.B.); (V.A.D.)
| | - Milena Fini
- SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- SSD Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (B.G.)
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29
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Motloung MP, Mofokeng TG, Ojijo V, Ray SS. A review on the processing–morphology–property relationship in biodegradable polymer composites containing carbon nanotubes and nanofibers. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Phillip Motloung
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI‐CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Tladi Gideon Mofokeng
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI‐CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa
| | - Vincent Ojijo
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI‐CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI‐CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
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30
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Liu H, Chen J, Qiao S, Zhang W. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4718-4735. [PMID: 34586781 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As the main load-bearing structure in the human body, bone and cartilage are susceptible to damage in sports and other activities. The repair and regeneration of bone and articular cartilage have been extensively studied in the past decades. Traditional approaches have been widely applied in clinical practice, but the effect varies from person to person and may cause side effects. With the rapid development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, various biomaterials show great potential in the regeneration of bone and cartilage. Carbon-based nanomaterials are solid materials with different structures and properties composed of allotropes of carbon, which are classified into zero-, one-, and two-dimensional ones. This Review systemically summarizes the different types of carbon-based nanomaterials, including zero-dimensional (fullerene, carbon dots, nanodiamonds), one-dimensional (carbon nanotubes), and two-dimensional (graphenic materials) as well as their applications in bone, cartilage, and osteochondral regeneration. Current limitations and future perspectives of carbon-based nanomaterials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), 310058 Hangzhou, China
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31
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Laser Technology for the Formation of Bioelectronic Nanocomposites Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Proteins with Different Structures, Electrical Conductivity and Biocompatibility. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11178036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A laser technology for creating nanocomposites from alternating layers of albumin/collagen proteins with two types of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01 wt.% was proposed. For this purpose, a setup with a diode laser (810 nm) and feedback system for controlling the temperature of the area affected by the radiation was developed. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine a decrease in the defectiveness of SWCNT with an increase in their concentration in the nanocomposite due to the formation of branched 3D networks with covalent bonds between nanotubes. It was revealed that adhesion of proteins to branched 3D networks from SWCNT occurred. The specific electrical conductivity of nanocomposites based on large SWCNT nanotubes was 3.2 and 4.3 S/m compared to that for nanocomposites based on small SWCNT with the same concentrations—1.1 and 1.8 S/m. An increase in the concentration and size of nanotubes provides higher porosity of nanocomposites. For small SWCNT-based nanocomposites, a significant number of mesopores up to 50 nm in size and the largest specific surface area and specific pore volume were found. Nanocomposites with small SWCNT (0.001 wt.%) provided the best cardiac fibroblast viability. Such technology can be potentially used to create bioelectronic components or scaffolds for heart tissue engineering.
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32
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Bai R, Liu J, Zhang J, Shi J, Jin Z, Li Y, Ding X, Zhu X, Yuan C, Xiu B, Liu H, Yuan Z, Liu Z. Conductive single-wall carbon nanotubes/extracellular matrix hybrid hydrogels promote the lineage-specific development of seeding cells for tissue repair through reconstructing an integrin-dependent niche. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:252. [PMID: 34425841 PMCID: PMC8381546 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The niche of tissue development in vivo involves the growth matrix, biophysical cues and cell-cell interactions. Although natural extracellular matrixes may provide good supporting for seeding cells in vitro, it is evitable to destroy biophysical cues during decellularization. Reconstructing the bioactivities of extracellular matrix-based scaffolds is essential for their usage in tissue repair. RESULTS In the study, a hybrid hydrogel was developed by incorporating single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into heart-derived extracellular matrixes. Interestingly, insoluble SWCNTs were well dispersed in hybrid hydrogel solution via the interaction with extracellular matrix proteins. Importantly, an augmented integrin-dependent niche was reconstructed in the hybrid hydrogel, which could work like biophysical cues to activate integrin-related pathway of seeding cells. As supporting scaffolds in vitro, the hybrid hydrogels were observed to significantly promote seeding cell adhesion, differentiation, as well as structural and functional development towards mature cardiac tissues. As injectable carrier scaffolds in vivo, the hybrid hydrogels were then used to delivery stem cells for myocardial repair in rats. Similarly, significantly enhanced cardiac differentiation and maturation(12.5 ± 2.3% VS 32.8 ± 5%) of stem cells were detected in vivo, resulting in improved myocardial regeneration and repair. CONCLUSIONS The study represented a simple and powerful approach for exploring bioactive scaffold to promote stem cell-based tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bai
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing, 100073, China
| | - Jinmiao Shi
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhigeng Jin
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yi Li
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Bingshui Xiu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huiliang Liu
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Mohaghegh S, Hosseini SF, Rad MR, Khojateh A. 3D Printed Composite Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A systematic review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:648-709. [PMID: 35135465 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210810111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the effect of fabrication factors on both biological and physico-chemical features of 3-dimensional (3D) printed composite scaffolds. METHOD Electronic search was done according to the PRISMA guideline in PubMed and Scopus databases limited to English articles published until May 2021.Studies in which composite scaffolds were fabricated through computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM)-based methods were included.Articles regarding the features of the scaffolds fabricated through indirect techniques were excluded. RESULTS Full text of 121 studies were reviewed, and 69 met the inclusion criteria. According to analyzed studies, PCL and HA were the most commonly used polymer and ceramic,respectively. Besides,the Solvent-based technique was the most commonly used composition technique, which enabled preparing blends with high concentrations of ceramic materials. The most common fabrication method used in the included studies was Fused deposition modeling (FDM).The addition of bio-ceramics enhanced the mechanical features and the biological behaviors of the printed scaffolds in a ratio-dependent manner. However,studies that analyzed the effect of ceramic weight ratio showed that scaffolds with the highest ceramic content did not necessarily possess the optimal biological and non-biological features. CONCLUSION The biological and physico-chemical behaviors of the scaffold can be affected by pre-printing factors, including utilized materials, composition techniques, and fabrication methods. Fabricating scaffolds with high mineral content as of the natural bone may not provide the optimal condition for bone formation. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies compare the efficiency of different kinds of biomaterials rather than different weight ratios of one type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Mohaghegh
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
| | - Maryam Rezai Rad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
| | - Arash Khojateh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
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Hou Y, Wang W, Bartolo P. A concise review on the role of selenium for bone cancer applications. Bone 2021; 149:115974. [PMID: 33901723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most challenging health problems in the world. Several clinical treatments have been developed, but all presenting several limitations. Among different types of cancer, bone cancer is less common, and limited new clinical treatment strategies have been proposed. Recently, a range of advanced materials has been investigated and applied for bone cancer treatment applications. However, due to the unique physiological properties of the bone tissue (a load-bearing tissue), the selection of the right type of material or the combination of suitable functional materials and base materials are critical. Selenium has been reported to present specific targeting inhibition effects on bone cancer without affecting the surrounding healthy tissue, revealing a huge potential for the development of new bone cancer treatment strategies. This paper presents a concise review on the use of selenium for bone cancer applications, discussing main synthesis methods, biocompatibility, and cytotoxicity aspects and the combination of selenium with a wide range of ceramics, metals, and polymers. Future perspectives and the novel concept of a dual-functional scaffold for both cancer treatment and new bone regeneration are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Hou
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Justino Netto JM, Idogava HT, Frezzatto Santos LE, Silveira ZDC, Romio P, Alves JL. Screw-assisted 3D printing with granulated materials: a systematic review. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2021; 115:2711-2727. [PMID: 34092883 PMCID: PMC8169388 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-021-07365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a systematic review on extrusion additive manufacturing (EAM), with focus on the technological development of screw-assisted systems that can be fed directly with granulated materials. Screw-assisted EAM has gained importance as an enabling technology to expand the range of 3D printing materials, reduce costs associated with feedstock fabrication, and increase the material deposition rate compared to traditional fused filament fabrication (FFF). Many experimental printheads and commercial systems that use some screw-processing mechanism can be found in the literature, but the design diversity and lack of standard terminology make it difficult to determine the most suitable solutions for a given material or application field. Besides, the few previous reviews have offered only a glimpse into the topic, without an in-depth analysis about the design of the extruders and associated capabilities. A systematic procedure was devised to identify the screw-assisted EAM systems that can print directly from granulated materials, resulting in 61 articles describing different pieces of equipment that were categorized as experimental printheads and commercial systems, for small- and large-scale applications. After describing their main characteristics, the most significant extruder modifications were discussed with reference to the materials processed and performance requirements. In the end, a general workflow for the development of 3D printers based on screw extrusion was proposed. This review intends to provide information about the state-of-the-art screw-assisted EAM and help the academy to identify further research opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Manoel Justino Netto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Takashi Idogava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | | | - Zilda de Castro Silveira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Romio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, INEGI, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lino Alves
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, INEGI, Porto, Portugal
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Multi-walled carbon nanotube/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite with leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin for bone regeneration in sheep model. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 26:63-72. [PMID: 33852090 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-020-00933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite (MWCNT/HA) granules with or without leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) on bone regeneration in cancellous bone of sheep model. METHODS Totally, 32 cylindrical holes were drilled in female sheep (n = 4) in the distal epiphysis and proximal metaphysis of right and left humerus and femur. The defects were randomly filled with (1) MWCNT/HA, (2) MWCNT/HA mixed with L-PRF, (3) L-PRF, and (4) left empty as control. After 8 weeks, defects were evaluated and compared radiographically using multi-slice computed tomographic (CT) scan and cone beam CT scans, histologically and histomorphometrically. RESULTS The results showed that there was no significant inflammation (> 10%) or foreign body reaction around the granules. The new lamellar bone was regenerated around the MWCNT/HA nanocomposite granules. Addition of L-PRF to MWCNT/HA demonstrated significantly improvement of new bone formation, about 27.40 ± 1.08%, in comparison with the L-PRF alone, about (12.16 ± 1.46%) (P < 0.01). Also, the rate of new bone formation was significantly greater with the use of MWCNT/HA granules (24.59 ± 1.54%) compared to the control (10.36 ± 1.17%) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Consequently, both biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of MWCNT/HA nanocomposite were demonstrated in the preclinical sheep model, and the use of L-PRF in combination with MWCNT/HA nanocomposite can improve bone regeneration.
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Battafarano G, Rossi M, De Martino V, Marampon F, Borro L, Secinaro A, Del Fattore A. Strategies for Bone Regeneration: From Graft to Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031128. [PMID: 33498786 PMCID: PMC7865467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a regenerative organ characterized by self-renewal ability. Indeed, it is a very dynamic tissue subjected to continuous remodeling in order to preserve its structure and function. However, in clinical practice, impaired bone healing can be observed in patients and medical intervention is needed to regenerate the tissue via the use of natural bone grafts or synthetic bone grafts. The main elements required for tissue engineering include cells, growth factors and a scaffold material to support them. Three different materials (metals, ceramics, and polymers) can be used to create a scaffold suitable for bone regeneration. Several cell types have been investigated in combination with biomaterials. In this review, we describe the options available for bone regeneration, focusing on tissue engineering strategies based on the use of different biomaterials combined with cells and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Viviana De Martino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luca Borro
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Aurelio Secinaro
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-066-859-3740
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In vivo study of conductive 3D printed PCL/MWCNTs scaffolds with electrical stimulation for bone tissue engineering. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCritical bone defects are considered one of the major clinical challenges in reconstructive bone surgery. The combination of 3D printed conductive scaffolds and exogenous electrical stimulation (ES) is a potential favorable approach for bone tissue repair. In this study, 3D conductive scaffolds made with biocompatible and biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were produced using the extrusion-based additive manufacturing to treat large calvary bone defects in rats. Histology results show that the use of PCL/MWCNTs scaffolds and ES contributes to thicker and increased bone tissue formation within the bone defect. Angiogenesis and mineralization are also significantly promoted using high concentration of MWCNTs (3 wt%) and ES. Moreover, scaffolds favor the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cell formation, while the addition of MWCNTs seems to inhibit the osteoclastogenesis but present limited effects on the osteoclast functionalities (receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expressions). The use of ES promotes the osteoclastogenesis and RANKL expressions, showing a dominant effect in the bone remodeling process. These results indicate that the combination of 3D printed conductive PCL/MWCNTs scaffold and ES is a promising strategy to treat critical bone defects and provide a cue to establish an optimal protocol to use conductive scaffolds and ES for bone tissue engineering.
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Hassan MH, Omar AM, Daskalakis E, Hou Y, Huang B, Strashnov I, Grieve BD, Bártolo P. The Potential of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol as Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3045. [PMID: 33353246 PMCID: PMC7766441 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for materials with improved mechanical and biological properties is a major challenge in tissue engineering. This paper investigates, for the first time, the use of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG), a glycol-modified class of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), as a potential material for the fabrication of bone scaffolds. PETG scaffolds with a 0/90 lay-dawn pattern and different pore sizes (300, 350 and 450 µm) were produced using a filament-based extrusion additive manufacturing system and mechanically and biologically characterized. The performance of PETG scaffolds with 300 µm of pore size was compared with polycaprolactone (PCL). Results show that PETG scaffolds present significantly higher mechanical properties than PCL scaffolds, providing a biomechanical environment that promotes high cell attachment and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Hassan
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.O.); (E.D.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Abdalla M. Omar
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.O.); (E.D.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Evangelos Daskalakis
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.O.); (E.D.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Yanhao Hou
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.O.); (E.D.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Boyang Huang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.O.); (E.D.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Ilya Strashnov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Bruce D. Grieve
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Paulo Bártolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.O.); (E.D.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (P.B.)
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Lopez de Armentia S, del Real JC, Paz E, Dunne N. Advances in Biodegradable 3D Printed Scaffolds with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Bone Regeneration. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225083. [PMID: 33187218 PMCID: PMC7697295 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone possesses an inherent capacity to fix itself. However, when a defect larger than a critical size appears, external solutions must be applied. Traditionally, an autograft has been the most used solution in these situations. However, it presents some issues such as donor-site morbidity. In this context, porous biodegradable scaffolds have emerged as an interesting solution. They act as external support for cell growth and degrade when the defect is repaired. For an adequate performance, these scaffolds must meet specific requirements: biocompatibility, interconnected porosity, mechanical properties and biodegradability. To obtain the required porosity, many methods have conventionally been used (e.g., electrospinning, freeze-drying and salt-leaching). However, from the development of additive manufacturing methods a promising solution for this application has been proposed since such methods allow the complete customisation and control of scaffold geometry and porosity. Furthermore, carbon-based nanomaterials present the potential to impart osteoconductivity and antimicrobial properties and reinforce the matrix from a mechanical perspective. These properties make them ideal for use as nanomaterials to improve the properties and performance of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. This work explores the potential research opportunities and challenges of 3D printed biodegradable composite-based scaffolds containing carbon-based nanomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopez de Armentia
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.d.A.); (J.C.d.R.)
| | - Juan Carlos del Real
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.d.A.); (J.C.d.R.)
| | - Eva Paz
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.d.A.); (J.C.d.R.)
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (N.D.)
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Abstract
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with unique graphitic structure, superior mechanical, electrical, optical and biological properties, has attracted more and more interests in biomedical applications, including gene/drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensor and tissue engineering. In this review, we focus on the role of CNTs and their polymeric composites in tissue engineering applications, with emphasis on their usages in the nerve, cardiac and bone tissue regenerations. The intrinsic natures of CNTs including their physical and chemical properties are first introduced, explaining the structure effects on CNTs electrical conductivity and various functionalization of CNTs to improve their hydrophobic characteristics. Biosafety issues of CNTs are also discussed in detail including the potential reasons to induce the toxicity and their potential strategies to minimise the toxicity effects. Several processing strategies including solution-based processing, polymerization, melt-based processing and grafting methods are presented to show the 2D/3D construct formations using the polymeric composite containing CNTs. For the sake of improving mechanical, electrical and biological properties and minimising the potential toxicity effects, recent advances using polymer/CNT composite the tissue engineering applications are displayed and they are mainly used in the neural tissue (to improve electrical conductivity and biological properties), cardiac tissue (to improve electrical, elastic properties and biological properties) and bone tissue (to improve mechanical properties and biological properties). Current limitations of CNTs in the tissue engineering are discussed and the corresponded future prospective are also provided. Overall, this review indicates that CNTs are promising “next-generation” materials for future biomedical applications.
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Szymański T, Mieloch AA, Richter M, Trzeciak T, Florek E, Rybka JD, Giersig M. Utilization of Carbon Nanotubes in Manufacturing of 3D Cartilage and Bone Scaffolds. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4039. [PMID: 32933020 PMCID: PMC7560098 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage and bone injuries are prevalent ailments, affecting the quality of life of injured patients. Current methods of treatment are often imperfect and pose the risk of complications in the long term. Therefore, tissue engineering is a rapidly developing branch of science, which aims at discovering effective ways of replacing or repairing damaged tissues with the use of scaffolds. However, both cartilage and bone owe their exceptional mechanical properties to their complex ultrastructure, which is very difficult to reproduce artificially. To address this issue, nanotechnology was employed. One of the most promising nanomaterials in this respect is carbon nanotubes, due to their exceptional physico-chemical properties, which are similar to collagens-the main component of the extracellular matrix of these tissues. This review covers the important aspects of 3D scaffold development and sums up the existing research tackling the challenges of scaffold design. Moreover, carbon nanotubes-reinforced bone and cartilage scaffolds manufactured using the 3D bioprinting technique will be discussed as a novel tool that could facilitate the achievement of more biomimetic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Szymański
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.S.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Aron Mieloch
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.S.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Richter
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.S.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 czerwca 1956r. Street No. 135/147, 61-545 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Trzeciak
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 czerwca 1956r. Street No. 135/147, 61-545 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jakub Dalibor Rybka
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.S.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Michael Giersig
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.S.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
- Department of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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3D printing of silk microparticle reinforced polycaprolactone scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111433. [PMID: 33255027 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds have been widely investigated for tissue engineering applications, however, they exhibit poor cell adhesion and mechanical properties. Subsequently, PCL composites have been produced to improve the material properties. This study utilises a natural material, Bombyx mori silk microparticles (SMP) prepared by milling silk fibre, to produce a composite to enhance the scaffolds properties. Silk is biocompatible and biodegradable with excellent mechanical properties. However, there are no studies using SMPs as a reinforcing agent in a 3D printed thermoplastic polymer scaffold. PCL/SMP (10, 20, 30 wt%) composites were prepared by melt blending. Rheological analysis showed that SMP loading increased the shear thinning and storage modulus of the material. Scaffolds were fabricated using a screw-assisted extrusion-based additive manufacturing system. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microtomography was used to determine scaffold morphology. The scaffolds had high interconnectivity with regular printed fibres and pore morphologies within the designed parameters. Compressive mechanical testing showed that the addition of SMP significantly improved the compressive Young's modulus of the scaffolds. The scaffolds were more hydrophobic with the inclusion of SMP which was linked to a decrease in total protein adsorption. Cell behaviour was assessed using human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells. A cytotoxic effect was observed at higher particle loading (30 wt%) after 7 days of culture. By day 21, 10 wt% loading showed significantly higher cell metabolic activity and proliferation, high cell viability, and cell migration throughout the scaffold. Calcium mineral deposition was observed on the scaffolds during cell culture. Large calcium mineral deposits were observed at 30 wt% and smaller calcium deposits were observed at 10 wt%. This study demonstrates that SMPs incorporated into a PCL scaffold provided effective mechanical reinforcement, improved the rate of degradation, and increased cell proliferation, demonstrating potential suitability for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Liao Y, Li H, Shu R, Chen H, Zhao L, Song Z, Zhou W. Mesoporous Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Loaded With Recombinant-Human Amelogenin Could Enhance Antibacterial Effect and Promote Periodontal Regeneration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:180. [PMID: 32411618 PMCID: PMC7201038 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery of impaired periodontium is still a challenge to the treatment of periodontitis. This study was the first to apply the mesoporous hydroxyapatites/chitosan (mHA/CS) composite scaffold to periodontal regeneration. The aim of our study is to evaluate the biological effects of mesoporous hydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) loaded with recombinant human amelogenin (rhAm) on periodontal regeneration. The physicochemical properties of mHA/CS scaffolds were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Then, the biological effects of the mHA/CS loaded with rhAm were evaluated, including antibacterial effect, controlled-release capacity, osteogenic and cementogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. The antibacterial effect was tested on 1.5 mg/mL CS; 3 mg/mL mHA; 2.25 mg/mL mHA/CS; 4.5 mg/mL mHA/CS and 20 μg/mL rhAm. Tryptic Soy Broth culture medium was used as a baseline control. Osteogenic effect of rhAm (20 μg/mL rhAm), mHA/CS (4.5 mg/mL mHA/CS), and mHA/CS-rhAm (4.5 mg/mL mHA/CS and 20 μg/mL rhAm) on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) was evaluated in osteogenic media. The hPDLCs treated either with osteogenic media or Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) alone were used as the baseline control. In the animal model, 4-week-old nude mice (BALB/c) (n = 6) implanted with root slices subcutaneously were used to observe the cementogenic effect in vivo. The root slices were treated with rhAm (20 μg/mL rhAm), mHA/CS (4.5 mg/mL mHA/CS), and mHA/CS-rhAm (4.5 mg/mL mHA/CS and 20 μg/mL rhAm). The root slices treated with osteogenic medium alone were used as the baseline control. The analyses showed that the mHA/CS particles were 2 μm in diameter and had a uniform pore size. The mesoporous structure was 7 nm in diameter and its surface area was 33.95 m2/g. The scaffold exhibited antibacterial effects against Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The mHA/CS scaffold sustainably released rhAm. The mHA/CS loaded with 20 μg/mL rhAm upregulated ALP activity, the expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins in vitro. Additionally, it promoted the formation of cementum-like tissue in vivo. Our findings suggest that mHA/CS loaded with 20 μg/mL rhAm could inhibit the growth of periodontal pathogens and promote the formation of bone and cementum-like tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liao
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huxiao Li
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shu
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Metallic Matrix Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Disease, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hou Y, Wang W, Bártolo P. Investigating the Effect of Carbon Nanomaterials Reinforcing Poly( ε-Caprolactone) Printed Scaffolds for Bone Repair Applications. Int J Bioprint 2020; 6:266. [PMID: 32782993 PMCID: PMC7415856 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v6i2.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds, three-dimensional (3D) substrates providing appropriate mechanical support and biological environments for new tissue formation, are the most common approaches in tissue engineering. To improve scaffold properties such as mechanical properties, surface characteristics, biocompatibility and biodegradability, different types of fillers have been used reinforcing biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. This paper investigates and compares the mechanical and biological behaviors of 3D printed poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds reinforced with graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) at different concentrations. Results show that contrary to G which improves mechanical properties and enhances cell attachment and proliferation, GO seems to show some cytotoxicity, particular at high contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Hou
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paulo Bártolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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