Effects of cerium and tungsten substitution on antiviral and antibacterial properties of lanthanum molybdate

Facile synthesis of Fe2O3, Fe2O3@CuO and WO3 nanoparticles: characterization, structure determination and evaluation of their biological activity

Due to their high specific surface area and its characteristic's functionalized nanomaterials have great potential in medical applications specialty, as an anticancer. Herein, functional nanoparticles (NPs) based on iron oxide Fe2O3, iron oxide modified with copper oxide Fe2O3@CuO, and tungsten oxide WO3 were facile synthesized for biomedical applications. The obtained nanomaterials have nanocrystal sizes of 35.5 nm for Fe2O3, 7 nm for Fe2O3@CuO, and 25.5 nm for WO3. In addition to octahedral and square nanoplates for Fe2O3, and WO3; respectively. Results revealed that Fe2O3, Fe2O3@CuO, and WO3 NPs showed remarked anticancer effects versus a safe effect on normal cells through cytotoxicity test using MTT-assay. Notably, synthesized NPs e.g. our result demonstrated that Fe2O3@CuO exhibited the lowest IC50 value on the MCF-7 cancer cell line at about 8.876 µg/ml, compared to Fe2O3 was 12.87 µg/ml and WO3 was 9.211 µg/ml which indicate that the modification NPs Fe2O3@CuO gave the highest antiproliferative effect against breast cancer. However, these NPs showed a safe mode toward the Vero normal cell line, where IC50 were monitored as 40.24 µg/ml for Fe2O3, 21.13 µg/ml for Fe2O3@CuO, and 25.41 µg/ml for WO3 NPs. For further evidence. The antiviral activity using virucidal and viral adsorption mechanisms gave practiced effect by viral adsorption mechanism and prevented the virus from replicating inside the cells. Fe2O3@CuO and WO3 NPs showed a complete reduction in the viral load synergistic effect of combinations between the tested two materials copper oxide instead of iron oxide alone. Interestingly, the antimicrobial efficiency of Fe2O3@CuO NPs, Fe2O3NPs, and WO3NPs was evaluated using E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans pathogens. The widest microbial inhibition zone (ca. 38.45 mm) was observed with 250 mg/ml of WO3 NPs against E. coli, whereas using 40 mg/ml of Fe2O3@CuO NPS could form microbial inhibition zone ca. 32.86 mm against S. aureus. Nevertheless, C. albicans was relatively resistant to all examined NPs. The superior biomedical activities of these nanostructures might be due to their unique features and accepted evaluations.

Coating of Filter Materials with CeO2 Nanoparticles Using a Combination of Aerodynamic Spraying and Suction

Textiles and nonwovens (including those used in ventilation systems as filters) are currently one of the main sources of patient cross-infection. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) affect 5-10% of patients and stand as the tenth leading cause of death. Therefore, the development of new methods for creating functional nanostructured coatings with antibacterial and antiviral properties on the surfaces of textiles and nonwoven materials is crucial for modern medicine. Antimicrobial filter technology must be high-speed, low-energy and safe if its commercialization and mass adoption are to be successful. Cerium oxide nanoparticles can act as active components in these coatings due to their high antibacterial activity and low toxicity. This paper focuses on the elaboration of a high-throughput and resource-saving method for the deposition of cerium oxide nanoparticles onto nonwoven fibrous material for use in air-conditioning filters. The proposed spraying technique is based on the use of an aerodynamic emitter and simultaneous suction. Cerium oxide nanoparticles have successfully been deposited onto the filter materials used in air conditioning systems; the antibacterial activity of the ceria-modified filters exceeded 4.0.

Sustainable approach of La doped CuFe2O4 nanomaterial for electrochemical lead and paracetamol sensing action with multiple applications

This present research aimed to investigate the novel applications of synthesized La doped CuFe2O4 nanomaterial (LCF NMs) using renewable bio-fuel (Aegle Marmelos extract) by combustion process. The sensor applications were accomplished by modified electrode using LCF NMs with graphite powder and examined its excellent sensing action towards heavy metal (Lead content) and drug chemical (Paracetamol) substances. The thermodynamics of redox potential and super-capacitor behavior of LCF NMs were investigated through Cyclic Voltametric (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectral (EIS) methods under specific conditions at scan rate of 1 to 5 mV/s. The heterogeneous photo-catalytic process of prepared NMs on Fast orange Red (FOR) dye-decolouration was investigated and noted its excellent degradation (91.7%) at 90 min using 20 ppm of dye solution and 40 mg of synthesized samples under Sun-light irradiation. Further, the antibacterial activity of synthesized NMs is investigated against various strains of gram positive (Bacillus subtillis) and gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), which confirms that the LCF NMs have higher activity towards gram positive bacteria with an average inhibition zone of 19 mm. This synthesized LCF NMs is a multi-functional material with stable and eco-friendly materials.

Tungsten-based Nanomaterials in the Biomedical Field: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Progress and Prospects

Tungsten-based nanomaterials (TNMs) with diverse nanostructures and unique physicochemical properties have been widely applied in the biomedical field. Although various reviews have described the application of TNMs in specific biomedical fields, there are still no comprehensive studies that summarize and analyze research trends of the field as a whole. To identify and further promote the development of biomedical TNMs, a bibliometric analysis method is used to analyze all relevant literature on this topic. First, general bibliometric distributions of the dataset by year, country, institute, referenced source, and research hotspots are recognized. Next, a comprehensive review of the subjectively recognized research hotspots in various biomedical fields, including biological sensing, anticancer treatments, antibacterials, and toxicity evaluation, is provided. Finally, the prospects and challenges of TNMs are discussed to provide a new perspective for further promoting their development in biomedical research.

Rare-earth ions as antibacterial agents for woven wool fabric

Woven fabrics were bestowed with antibacterial property by the simple adsorption of rare-earth metal ions, and the underlying mechanism was investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The adsorption of Ce³⁺ ions on wool, silk, and cotton fabrics resulted in significant inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (a gram-positive bacterium), with maximum antibacterial activities (viable bacterial count compared to the reference) of 4.7, 5.8, and 5.2, respectively. Even after 50 wash cycles, the values remained at 3.9, 2.9, and 4.8, respectively. The adsorption of La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ ions on wool fabrics also resulted in antibacterial activities of 5.8 and 5.9, respectively. In addition, wool adsorbed with Ce³⁺ exhibits a satisfactory antibacterial activity of 6.2 against Escherichia coli (a gram-negative bacterium). Such bacterial inhibition is attributed to Fenton reactions between the adsorbed rare-earth ions and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) produced during bacterial metabolism, as determined from the ESR spectra collected using the spin trap method in the presence of H₂O₂. The safety of cerium nitrate was also investigated, and no significant issues arose, indicating that it was a safe antibacterial agent. This facile method of imparting antibacterial properties to natural fabrics may be useful for preventing infections in humans.

Recent breakthroughs in nanostructured antiviral coating and filtration materials: a brief review

COVID-19 persists as the most challenging pandemic of the 21^st century with a high rate of transmission. The main pathway of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is aerosol-mediated infection transfer through virus-laden droplets that are expelled by infected people, whereas indirect transmission occurs when contact is made with a contaminated surface. This mini review delivers an overview of the current state of knowledge, research directions, and applications by examining the most recent developments in antiviral surface coatings and filters and analyzing their efficiencies. Reusable masks and other personal protective devices with antiviral properties and self-decontamination could be valuable tools in the fight against viral spread. Moreover, antiviral surface coatings that repel pathogens by preventing adhesion or neutralize pathogens with self-sanitizing ability are assumed to be the most desirable for terminating indirect transmission of viruses. Although many nanomaterials have shown high antiviral capacities, additional research is unquestionably required to develop next-generation antiviral agents with unique characteristics to face future viral outbreaks.

Types of antiviral nanofilters and coatings and their applications.

New composition of tungsten has a broad range of antiviral activity

The water-based combination of two inorganic chemical compounds such as sodium tungstate dihydrate-Na₂WO₄ × 2H₂O and Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate-Al₂ (SO₄) 3 × 18H₂O that we have conditionally named ‘Vomifal’ has a broad antiviral activity in various DNA and RNA viruses, including Human Herpes Virus (HHV), African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), Vaccinia Virus (VV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV), Influenza A virus (A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2)). In vitro and In vivo assays in several tissue cultures as well as in laboratory animals, conformed ‘Vomifal’ has a very low toxicity and the antiviral properties partially are due to its ability to induce gamma-IFN. Based on the results obtained, we can assume the presence of at least two mechanisms of the antiviral action of the studied drug. First or early stage - an unknown mechanism, possibly related to the effect on cellular receptors. Second or late stage – main antiviral properties probably associated with an interferonogenic effect.

A Pragmatic Perspective of the Antibacterial Properties of Metal-Based Nanoparticles

A consideration of the antibacterial efficacy of metal-based nanoparticles, from the point of view of their physicochemical properties, suggests that such efficacy arises from the protein coronas that form around them, and that the contents of the coronas depend on the chemical groups found on the nanoparticle surfaces. We offer a new perspective and new insights, making use of our earlier observations of the physicochemical properties of nanoparticle surfaces, to propose that the nanoparticle serves as a mediator for the formation and activation of the protein corona, which attacks the bacterium. That is, the nanoparticle enhances the body’s natural defenses, using proteins present in body fluids.

Preparation of cerium molybdates and their antiviral activity against bacteriophage Φ6 and SARS-CoV-2

Two cerium molybdates (Ce₂Mo₃O₁₂ and γ-Ce₂Mo₃O₁₃) were prepared using either polymerizable complex method or hydrothermal process. The obtained powders were almost single-phase with different cerium valence. Both samples were found to have antiviral activity against bacteriophage Φ6. Especially, γ-Ce₂Mo₃O₁₃ exhibited high antiviral activity against both bacteriophage Φ6 and SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which causes COVID-19. A synergetic effect of Ce and molybdate ion was inferred along with the specific surface area as key factors for antiviral activity.