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Gornakova AS, Straumal BB, Tyurin AI, Afonikova NS, Kilmametov AR, Druzhinin AV, Nekrasov AN, Davdian GS, Duong LV. The Determining Influence of the Phase Composition on the Mechanical Properties of Titanium-Iron Alloys after High-Pressure Torsion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3740. [PMID: 39124404 PMCID: PMC11312492 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Three titanium alloys with 0.5, 6, and 9 wt.% iron were investigated, and the samples were pre-annealed in three different regions of the Ti-Fe phase diagram, namely β, α+β, and α+FeTi. After annealing, five samples of different phases and structural compositions were studied. They were then subjected to the high-pressure torsion (HPT). The microstructure of the samples before and after HPT treatment was studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure of the samples obtained during heat treatment before HPT treatment had a fundamental effect on the microstructure after HPT. Grain boundary layers and chains of particles formed during the annealing process made it difficult to mix the material during HPT, which led to the formation of areas with non-uniform mixing of components. Thus, the grain boundary layers of the α-phase formed in the Ti-6wt % Fe alloy after annealing at 670 °C significantly decreased the mixing of the components during HPT. Despite the fact that the microstructure and phase composition of Ti-6wt % Fe alloys pre-annealed in three different regions of the Ti-Fe phase diagram had significant differences, after HPT treatment, the phase compositions of the studied samples were quite similar. Moreover, the measured micro- and nanohardness as well as the Young's modulus of Ti-6wt % Fe alloy had similar values. It was shown that the microhardness of the studied samples increased with the iron content. The values of nanohardness and Young's modulus correlated well with the fractions of β- and ω-phases in the studied alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena S. Gornakova
- Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan str. 2, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (B.B.S.); (N.S.A.); (A.V.D.); (G.S.D.)
| | - Boris B. Straumal
- Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan str. 2, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (B.B.S.); (N.S.A.); (A.V.D.); (G.S.D.)
| | - Alexander I. Tyurin
- G.R. Derzhavin Research Institute “Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials” TSU, Internazionalnaja str. 30, Tambov 392000, Russia;
| | - Natalia S. Afonikova
- Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan str. 2, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (B.B.S.); (N.S.A.); (A.V.D.); (G.S.D.)
| | - Askar R. Kilmametov
- Laboratory of Technological and Materials Science Research, 93430 Viltanez, France;
| | - Alexander V. Druzhinin
- Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan str. 2, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (B.B.S.); (N.S.A.); (A.V.D.); (G.S.D.)
| | - Aleksey N. Nekrasov
- Korzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan str. 4, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia;
| | - Gregory S. Davdian
- Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan str. 2, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (B.B.S.); (N.S.A.); (A.V.D.); (G.S.D.)
| | - Luong V. Duong
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 70072, Vietnam;
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Xie Y, Cui S, Hu J, Yu H, Xuan A, Wei Y, Lian Y, Wu J, Du W, Zhang E. Design and preparation of Ti-xFe antibacterial titanium alloys based on micro-area potential difference. Biometals 2024; 37:337-355. [PMID: 37904075 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Fe was selected as an alloying element for the first time to prepare a new antibacterial titanium alloy based on micro-area potential difference (MAPD) antibacterial mechanism. The microstructure, the corrosion resistance, the mechanical properties, the antibacterial properties and the cell biocompatibility have been investigated in detail by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical testing, mechanical property test, plate count method and cell toxicity measurement. It was demonstrated that heat treatment had a significant on the compressive mechanical properties and the antibacterial properties. Ti-xFe (x = 3,5 and 9) alloys after 850 °C/3 h + 550 °C/62 h heat treatment exhibited strong antimicrobial properties with an antibacterial rate of more than 90% due to the MAPD caused by the redistribution of Fe element during the aging process. In addition, the Fe content and the heat treatment process had a significant influence on the mechanical properties of Ti-xFe alloy but had nearly no effect on the corrosion resistance. All Ti-xFe alloys showed non-toxicity to the MC3T3 cell line in comparison with cp-Ti, indicating that the microzone potential difference had no adverse effect on the corrosion resistance, cell proliferation, adhesion, and spreading. Strong antibacterial properties, good cell compatibility and good corrosion resistance demonstrated that Ti-xFe alloy might be a candidate titanium alloy for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Xie
- Northern Theater General Hospital, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shenshen Cui
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Education Ministry of China, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Jiali Hu
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Education Ministry of China, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Northern Theater General Hospital, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Anwu Xuan
- Northern Theater General Hospital, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yongcun Wei
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116051, China
| | - Yi Lian
- Northern Theater General Hospital, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Zhejiang Wanfeng Precision Casting Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Weinan Du
- Zhejiang Wanfeng Precision Casting Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Erlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Education Ministry of China, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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Marin E, Lanzutti A. Biomedical Applications of Titanium Alloys: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:114. [PMID: 38203968 PMCID: PMC10780041 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Titanium alloys have emerged as the most successful metallic material to ever be applied in the field of biomedical engineering. This comprehensive review covers the history of titanium in medicine, the properties of titanium and its alloys, the production technologies used to produce biomedical implants, and the most common uses for titanium and its alloys, ranging from orthopedic implants to dental prosthetics and cardiovascular devices. At the core of this success lies the combination of machinability, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance. This unique combination of useful traits has positioned titanium alloys as an indispensable material for biomedical engineering applications, enabling safer, more durable, and more efficient treatments for patients affected by various kinds of pathologies. This review takes an in-depth journey into the inherent properties that define titanium alloys and which of them are advantageous for biomedical use. It explores their production techniques and the fabrication methodologies that are utilized to machine them into their final shape. The biomedical applications of titanium alloys are then categorized and described in detail, focusing on which specific advantages titanium alloys are present when compared to other materials. This review not only captures the current state of the art, but also explores the future possibilities and limitations of titanium alloys applied in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Marin
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department Polytechnic of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Alex Lanzutti
- Department Polytechnic of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Mi Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Dong Y, Chang H, Alexandrov IV. Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained Ti-2Fe-0.1B. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2955. [PMID: 37109790 PMCID: PMC10145425 DOI: 10.3390/ma16082955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy was processed using equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) via route Bc for four passes. The isochronal annealing of the ultrafine-grained (UFG) Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy was conducted at various temperatures between 150 and 750 °C with holding times of 60 min. The isothermal annealing was performed at 350-750 °C with different holding times (15 min-150 min). The results indicated that no obvious changes in the microhardness of the UFG Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy are observed when the annealing temperature (AT) is up to 450 °C. Compared to the UFG state, it was found that excellent strength (~768 MPa) and ductility (~16%) matching can be achieved for the UFG Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy when annealed at 450 °C. The microstructure of the UFG Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy before and after the various annealing treatments was characterized using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the average grain size remained at an ultrafine level (0.91-1.03 μm) when the annealing temperature was below 450 °C. The good thermal stability of the UFG Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy could be ascribed to the pinning of the TiB needles and the segregation of the Fe solute atoms at the grain boundaries, which is of benefit for decreasing grain boundary energy and inhibiting the mobility of grain boundaries. For the UFG Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy, a recrystallization activation energy with an average value of ~259.44 KJ/mol was analyzed using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). This is much higher than the lattice self-diffusion activation energy of pure titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Mi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering/Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Yanhuai Wang
- Casting and Forging Branch, Lanzhou LS Group Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730314, China;
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering/Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Yuecheng Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering/Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Hui Chang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering/Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (H.C.)
| | - I. V. Alexandrov
- Department of Materials Science and Physics of Metals, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa 450076, Russia
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Bortolan CC, Copes F, Shekargoftar M, Sales VDOF, Paternoster C, Campanelli LC, Giguère N, Mantovani D. Electrochemical and in vitro biological behaviors of a Ti-Mo-Fe alloy specifically designed for stent applications. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2023.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
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He C, Zeng X, Yang L, Zhong S, Peng S, Yang W, Shuai C. Highly Dispersed Cu Produced by Mechanical Stress-Activated Redox Reaction to Establish Galvanic Corrosion in Fe Implant. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:153-164. [PMID: 36571764 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fe has immense potential for biodegradable orthopedic applications, but it degrades slowly in the physiological environment. Inducing galvanic couple by alloying Cu to Fe using ball milling is a promising approach. However, the ductile nature of Cu leads to the cold welding of a large amount of Cu powder during ball milling, which makes it difficult to disperse uniformly in the Fe matrix. Here, a Fe-CuO implant with highly dispersed Cu particles in the matrix was developed by shift-speed ball milling and selective laser melting. Specifically, copper oxide (CuO) particles were selected as precursors and dispersed in Fe powders by ball milling since they were brittle and would not be cold-welded during ball milling. After further milling in higher energy, it was found that CuO particles reacted with Fe and generated Cu particles through a stress-activated redox reaction. Subsequently, the obtained powders were prepared into a Fe-CuO implant using selective laser melting. Microstructure examination revealed that the Cu phases in the implant were dispersed evenly in the Fe matrix, which was considered to establish a large number of galvanic couples and aggravated the galvanic corrosion tendency. Electrochemical tests indicated that the implant had improved performance in degradation behavior in terms of high corrosion current density (22.4 μA/cm2), low corrosion resistance (1319 Ω cm2), and good degradation stability. In addition, it presented antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by diffusion mechanisms with killing rates of 90.7 and 96.7%, respectively, as well as good cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxian He
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha410083, China
| | - Xiangyang Zeng
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha410013, China, China
| | - Liuyimei Yang
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou341119, China
| | - Shiwei Zhong
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang330013, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha410078, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha410013, China.,School of energy and machinery engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang330013, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang330013, China
| | - Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha410083, China.,Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang330013, China
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Farazin A, Zhang C, Gheisizadeh A, Shahbazi A. 3D bio-printing for use as bone replacement tissues: A review of biomedical application. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2023.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of microwave consolidated TiMgSr alloy prepared by high energy ball milling. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shi XC, Tremblay PL, Xue M, Song X, Zhang T. Fumarate disproportionation by Geobacter sulfurreducens and its involvement in biocorrosion and interspecies electron transfer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154251. [PMID: 35245554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The model electroactive bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens can acquire electrons directly from solid donors including metals and other species. Reports on this physiology concluding that solid donors are the only electron sources were conducted with fumarate believed to serve exclusively as the terminal electron acceptor (TEA). Here, G. sulfurreducens was repeatedly transferred for adaptation within a growth medium containing only fumarate and no other solid or soluble substrate. The resulting evolved strain grew efficiently with either the C4-dicarboxylate fumarate or malate acting simultaneously as electron donor, carbon source, and electron acceptor via disproportionation. Whole-genome sequencing identified 38 mutations including one in the regulator PilR known to repress the expression of the C4-dicarboxylate antiporter DcuB essential to G. sulfurreducens when growing with fumarate. Futhermore, the PilR mutation was identical to the sole mutation previously reported in an evolved G. sulfurreducens grown in a co-culture assumed to derive energy solely from direct interspecies electron transfer, but cultivated with fumarate as the TEA. When cultivating the fumarate-adapted strain in the presence of stainless steel and fumarate, biocorrosion was observed and bacterial growth was accelerated 2.3 times. These results suggest that G. sulfurreducens can conserve energy concomitantly from C4-dicarboxylate disproportionation and the oxidation of a solid electron donor. This co-metabolic capacity confers an advantage to Geobacter for survival and colonization and explains in part why these microbes are omnipresent in different anaerobic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Shi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Wuhan University of Technology Advanced Engineering Technology Research Institute of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan 528437, PR China
| | - Pier-Luc Tremblay
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572024, PR China
| | - Miao Xue
- Institut WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xinyi Song
- Institut WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Institut WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572024, PR China.
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Ziąbka M, Matysiak K, Walczak K, Gajek M, Cholewa-Kowalska K. Modification of TiAlV Alloys with Hybrid Layers Containing Metallic Nanoparticles Obtained by the Sol-Gel Method: Surface and Structural Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042283. [PMID: 35216397 PMCID: PMC8877359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work was to obtain hybrid coatings containing silver, copper, and zinc nanoparticles on the TiAlV medical alloy via a sol–gel process. The developed layers were designed to bring about a bactericidal and fungicidal effect, as well as for protection against surgical scratches during the implantation of implants used in veterinary medicine. In this work, the authors focused on evaluating the microstructure (SEM + EDS); the structure (XRD, FTIR); and the surface properties, such as wettability, free surface energy, and roughness of layers with various concentrations of metallic nanoparticles (2 and 5 mol %). Our results confirmed that the sol–gel method enables the easy manufacturing of hybrid layers endowed with different porosity values as well as various shapes and sizes of metallic nanoparticles. A higher concentration of nanoparticles was observed on the surface containing 5 mol % of metallic salts. The highest degree of homogeneity was obtained for the layers containing silver nanoparticles. In addition, the silver nanoparticles were round and had the smallest dimensions, even below 20 nm. The FTIR and XRD structural studies confirmed the presence of an organosilicon matrix containing all three types of the metallic particles. We conclude that the higher concentration of nanoparticles influenced the alloy surface parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ziąbka
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-012-617-2523
| | - Katarzyna Matysiak
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Walczak
- Department of Hydrogen Energy, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Marcin Gajek
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska
- Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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Insight Into Corrosion of Dental Implants: From Biochemical Mechanisms to Designing Corrosion-Resistant Materials. CURRENT ORAL HEALTH REPORTS 2022; 9:7-21. [PMID: 35127334 PMCID: PMC8799988 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-022-00306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Despite advanced technologies to avoid corrosion of dental implants, the mechanisms toward the release of metals and their role in the onset of peri-implant diseases are still under-investigated. Effective knowledge on the etiopathogenesis of corrosive products and preventive strategies mitigating the risks for surface degradation are thus in dire need. This review aimed to summarize evidence toward biocorrosion in the oral environment and discuss the current strategies targeting the improvement of dental implants and focusing on the methodological and electrochemical aspects of surface treatments and titanium-based alloys. Recent Findings Recent studies suggest the existence of wear/corrosion products may correlate with peri-implantitis progress by triggering microbial dysbiosis, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and animal bone resorption. Furthermore, current clinical evidence demonstrating the presence of metal-like particles in diseased tissues supports their possible role as a risk factor for peri-implantitis. For instance, to overcome the drawback of titanium corrosion, researchers are primarily focusing on developing corrosion-resistant alloys and coatings for dental implants by changing their physicochemical features. Summary The current state-of-art discussed in this review found corrosion products effective in affecting biofilm virulence and inflammatory factors in vitro. Controversial and unstandardized data are limitations, making the premise of corrosion products being essential for peri-implantitis onset. On the other hand, when it comes to the strategies toward reducing implant corrosion rate, it is evident that the chemical and physical properties are crucial for the in vitro electrochemical behavior of the implant material. For instance, it is foreseeable that the formation of films/coatings and the incorporation of some functional compounds into the substrate may enhance the material’s corrosion resistance and biological response. Nevertheless, the utmost challenge of research in this field is to achieve adequate stimulation of the biological tissues without weakening its protective behavior against corrosion. In addition, the translatability from in vitro findings to clinical studies is still in its infancy. Therefore, further accumulation of high-level evidence on the role of corrosion products on peri-implant tissues is expected to confirm the findings of the present review besides the development of better methods to improve the corrosion resistance of dental implants. Furthermore, such knowledge could further develop safe and long-term implant rehabilitation therapy.
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Lv Y, Zhang X, Dong Z, Yang L, Zhang E. Ag distribution and corrosion behaviour of the plasma electrolytic oxidized antibacterial Mg-Ag alloy. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Synthesis and Characterization of Ti-Sn Alloy for Orthopedic Application. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247660. [PMID: 34947257 PMCID: PMC8707149 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti)-based alloys (e.g., Ti6Al4V) are widely used in orthopedic implant applications owing to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, their corrosion resistance needs to be optimized. In addition, the presence of aluminum and vanadium cause alzheimer and cancer, respectively. Therefore, in this study, titanium-based alloys were developed via powder metallurgy route. In these alloys, the Al and V were replaced with tin (Sn) which was the main aim of this study. Four sets of samples were prepared by varying Sn contents, i.e., 5 to 20 wt. %. This was followed by characterization techniques including laser particle analyzer (LPA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), computerized potentiostate, vicker hardness tester, and nanoindenter. Results demonstrate the powder sizes between 50 and 55 µm exhibiting very good densification after sintering. The alloy contained alpha at all concentrations of Sn. However, as Sn content in the alloy exceeded from 10 wt. %, the formation of intermetallic compounds was significant. Thus, the presence of such intermetallic phases are attributed to enhanced elastic modulus. In particular, when Sn content was between 15 and 20 wt. % a drastic increase in elastic modulus was observed thereby surpassing the standard/reference alloy (Ti6Al4V). However, at 10 wt. % of Sn, the elastic modulus is more or less comparable to reference counterpart. Similarly, hardness was also increased in an ascending order upon Sn addition, i.e., 250 to 310 HV. Specifically, at 10 wt. % Sn, the hardness was observed to be 250 HV which is quite near to reference alloy, i.e., 210 HV. Moreover, tensile strength (TS) of the alloys were calculated using hardness values since it was very difficult to prepare the test coupons using powders. The TS values were in the range of 975 to 1524 MPa at all concentrations of Sn. In particular, the TS at 10 wt. % Sn is 1149 MPa which is comparable to reference counterpart (1168 MPa). The corrosion rate of Titanium-Sn alloys (as of this study) and reference alloy, i.e., Ti6Al4V were also compared. Incorporation of Sn reduced the corrosion rate at large than that of reference counterpart. In particular, the trend was in decreasing order as Sn content increased from 5 to 20 wt. %. The minimum corrosion rate of 3.65 × 10−9 mm/year was noticed at 20 wt. % than that of 0.03 mm/year of reference alloy. This shows the excellent corrosion resistance upon addition of Sn at all concentrations.
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The Characteristic of Fe as a β-Ti Stabilizer in Ti Alloys. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247516. [PMID: 34947111 PMCID: PMC8708734 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that adding elements, especially β-Ti stabilizers, are holding a significant effect on titanium alloy strength due to the solution and precipitate strengthening mechanisms. In order to reveal the Fe strengthening mechanism in titanium, this study investigate the effect of Fe on the stability of β-Ti and the phase transition between α, β and ω phase with first-principle calculations. According to our study, Fe is a strong β-Ti phase stabilizer could owe to the 3d orbital into eg and t2g states which results in strong hybridization between Fe-d orbital and Ti-d orbital. The phase transition from ω to β or from α to β becomes easier for Fe-doped Ti compared to pure titanium. Based on our results, it is found that one added Fe atom can lead the phase transition (ω → β) of at least nine titanium atoms, which further proves that Fe has a strong stabilizing effect on β-Ti phase. This result provides a solid guide for the future design of high-strength titanium with the addition of Fe.
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