1
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Rahimnejad M, Jahangiri S, Zirak Hassan Kiadeh S, Rezvaninejad S, Ahmadi Z, Ahmadi S, Safarkhani M, Rabiee N. Stimuli-responsive biomaterials: smart avenue toward 4D bioprinting. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:860-891. [PMID: 37442771 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2213398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is an advanced technology combining cells and bioactive molecules within a single bioscaffold; however, this scaffold cannot change, modify or grow in response to a dynamic implemented environment. Lately, a new era of smart polymers and hydrogels has emerged, which can add another dimension, e.g., time to 3D bioprinting, to address some of the current approaches' limitations. This concept is indicated as 4D bioprinting. This approach may assist in fabricating tissue-like structures with a configuration and function that mimic the natural tissue. These scaffolds can change and reform as the tissue are transformed with the potential of specific drug or biomolecules released for various biomedical applications, such as biosensing, wound healing, soft robotics, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, though 4D bioprinting is still in its early stages and more works are required to advance it. In this review article, the critical challenge in the field of 4D bioprinting and transformations from 3D bioprinting to 4D phases is reviewed. Also, the mechanistic aspects from the chemistry and material science point of view are discussed too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Sepideh Jahangiri
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Zarrin Ahmadi
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Safarkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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2
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Zhang T, Shan W, Le Dot M, Xiao P. Structural Functions of 3D-Printed Polymer Scaffolds in Regulating Cell Fates and Behaviors for Repairing Bone and Nerve Injuries. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400293. [PMID: 38885644 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Tissue repair and regeneration, such as bone and nerve restoration, face significant challenges due to strict regulations within the immune microenvironment, stem cell differentiation, and key cell behaviors. The development of 3D scaffolds is identified as a promising approach to address these issues via the efficiently structural regulations on cell fates and behaviors. In particular, 3D-printed polymer scaffolds with diverse micro-/nanostructures offer a great potential for mimicking the structures of tissue. Consequently, they are foreseen as promissing pathways for regulating cell fates, including cell phenotype, differentiation of stem cells, as well as the migration and the proliferation of key cells, thereby facilitating tissue repairs and regenerations. Herein, the roles of structural functions of 3D-printed polymer scaffolds in regulating the fates and behaviors of numerous cells related to tissue repair and regeneration, along with their specific influences are highlighted. Additionally, the challenges and outlooks associated with 3D-printed polymer scaffolds with various structures for modulating cell fates are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Wenpeng Shan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Marie Le Dot
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Pu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
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3
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Rostamani H, Fakhraei O, Zamirinadaf N, Mahjour M. An overview of nasal cartilage bioprinting: from bench to bedside. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:1273-1320. [PMID: 38441976 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2321636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Nasal cartilage diseases and injuries are known as significant challenges in reconstructive medicine, affecting a substantial number of individuals worldwide. In recent years, the advent of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising approach for nasal cartilage reconstruction, offering potential breakthroughs in the field of regenerative medicine. This paper provides an overview of the methods and challenges associated with 3D bioprinting technologies in the procedure of reconstructing nasal cartilage tissue. The process of 3D bioprinting entails generating a digital 3D model using biomedical imaging techniques and computer-aided design to integrate both internal and external scaffold features. Then, bioinks which consist of biomaterials, cell types, and bioactive chemicals, are applied to facilitate the precise layer-by-layer bioprinting of tissue-engineered scaffolds. After undergoing in vitro and in vivo experiments, this process results in the development of the physiologically functional integrity of the tissue. The advantages of 3D bioprinting encompass the ability to customize scaffold design, enabling the precise incorporation of pore shape, size, and porosity, as well as the utilization of patient-specific cells to enhance compatibility. However, various challenges should be considered, including the optimization of biomaterials, ensuring adequate cell viability and differentiation, achieving seamless integration with the host tissue, and navigating regulatory attention. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of 3D bioprinting in the rebuilding of such soft tissues, this paper covers various aspects of the bioprinted tissues to provide insights for the future development of repair techniques appropriate for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Rostamani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Fakhraei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloufar Zamirinadaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Mahjour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Bonatti AF, Vozzi G, De Maria C. Enhancing quality control in bioprinting through machine learning. Biofabrication 2024; 16:022001. [PMID: 38262061 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Bioprinting technologies have been extensively studied in literature to fabricate three-dimensional constructs for tissue engineering applications. However, very few examples are currently available on clinical trials using bioprinted products, due to a combination of technological challenges (i.e. difficulties in replicating the native tissue complexity, long printing times, limited choice of printable biomaterials) and regulatory barriers (i.e. no clear indication on the product classification in the current regulatory framework). In particular, quality control (QC) solutions are needed at different stages of the bioprinting workflow (including pre-process optimization, in-process monitoring, and post-process assessment) to guarantee a repeatable product which is functional and safe for the patient. In this context, machine learning (ML) algorithms can be envisioned as a promising solution for the automatization of the quality assessment, reducing the inter-batch variability and thus potentially accelerating the product clinical translation and commercialization. In this review, we comprehensively analyse the main solutions that are being developed in the bioprinting literature on QC enabled by ML, evaluating different models from a technical perspective, including the amount and type of data used, the algorithms, and performance measures. Finally, we give a perspective view on current challenges and future research directions on using these technologies to enhance the quality assessment in bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Franco Bonatti
- Department of Information Engineering and Research Center 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Department of Information Engineering and Research Center 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmelo De Maria
- Department of Information Engineering and Research Center 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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5
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Nazarzadeh Zare E, Khorsandi D, Zarepour A, Yilmaz H, Agarwal T, Hooshmand S, Mohammadinejad R, Ozdemir F, Sahin O, Adiguzel S, Khan H, Zarrabi A, Sharifi E, Kumar A, Mostafavi E, Kouchehbaghi NH, Mattoli V, Zhang F, Jucaud V, Najafabadi AH, Khademhosseini A. Biomedical applications of engineered heparin-based materials. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:87-118. [PMID: 37609108 PMCID: PMC10440395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin is a negatively charged polysaccharide with various chain lengths and a hydrophilic backbone. Due to its fascinating chemical and physical properties, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, heparin has been extensively used in different fields of medicine, such as cardiovascular and hematology. This review highlights recent and future advancements in designing materials based on heparin for various biomedical applications. The physicochemical and mechanical properties, biocompatibility, toxicity, and biodegradability of heparin are discussed. In addition, the applications of heparin-based materials in various biomedical fields, such as drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, and biosensors, are reviewed. Finally, challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in preparing heparin-based materials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
| | - Hulya Yilmaz
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
| | - Sara Hooshmand
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatma Ozdemir
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Onur Sahin
- Department of Basic Pharmacy Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevin Adiguzel
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54 - Mostra D'Oltremare pad. 20, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States
| | | | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States
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6
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Abaszadeh F, Ashoub MH, Khajouie G, Amiri M. Nanotechnology development in surgical applications: recent trends and developments. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:537. [PMID: 38001554 PMCID: PMC10668503 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper gives a detailed analysis of nanotechnology's rising involvement in numerous surgical fields. We investigate the use of nanotechnology in orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, surgical oncology, heart surgery, vascular surgery, ophthalmic surgery, thoracic surgery, and minimally invasive surgery. The paper details how nanotechnology helps with arthroplasty, chondrogenesis, tissue regeneration, wound healing, and more. It also discusses the employment of nanomaterials in implant surfaces, bone grafting, and breast implants, among other things. The article also explores various nanotechnology uses, including stem cell-incorporated nano scaffolds, nano-surgery, hemostasis, nerve healing, nanorobots, and diagnostic applications. The ethical and safety implications of using nanotechnology in surgery are also addressed. The future possibilities of nanotechnology are investigated, pointing to a possible route for improved patient outcomes. The essay finishes with a comment on nanotechnology's transformational influence in surgical applications and its promise for future breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Abaszadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Muhammad Hossein Ashoub
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ghazal Khajouie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
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7
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Chen Y, Gong Y, Shan L, Tan CY, Al-Furjan MS, Ramesh S, Chen H, Bian X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhou R. Research on Cartilage 3D Printing Technology Based on SA-GA-HA. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5312. [PMID: 37570016 PMCID: PMC10419889 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage damage is difficult to heal and poses a serious problem to human health as it can lead to osteoarthritis. In this work, we explore the application of biological 3D printing to manufacture new cartilage scaffolds to promote cartilage regeneration. The hydrogel made by mixing sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin (GA) has high biocompatibility, but its mechanical properties are poor. The addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) can enhance its mechanical properties. In this paper, the preparation scheme of the SA-GA-HA composite hydrogel cartilage scaffold was explored, the scaffolds prepared with different concentrations were compared, and better formulations were obtained for printing and testing. Mathematical modeling of the printing process of the bracket, simulation analysis of the printing process based on the mathematical model, and adjustment of actual printing parameters based on the results of the simulation were performed. The cartilage scaffold, which was printed using Bioplotter 3D printer, exhibited useful mechanical properties suitable for practical needs. In addition, ATDC-5 cells were seeded on the cartilage scaffolds and the cell survival rate was found to be higher after one week. The findings demonstrated that the fabricated chondrocyte scaffolds had better mechanical properties and biocompatibility, providing a new scaffold strategy for cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China (R.Z.)
| | - Youping Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China (R.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lijun Shan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chou Yong Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - MS Al-Furjan
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment (National “2011 Plan”), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - S. Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Institute of Power Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga National, Km-7, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43009, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huipeng Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China (R.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiangjuan Bian
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Yanda Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China (R.Z.)
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment (National “2011 Plan”), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Rougang Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China (R.Z.)
- Wenzhou Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 3-4/F, Building B, Zhejiang Yungu, Nanyang Avenue, Yaoxi Street, Longwan District, Hangzhou 325038, China
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Zhang C, Wang G, Lin H, Shang Y, Liu N, Zhen Y, An Y. Cartilage 3D bioprinting for rhinoplasty using adipose-derived stem cells as seed cells: Review and recent advances. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13417. [PMID: 36775884 PMCID: PMC10068946 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal deformities due to various causes affect the aesthetics and use of the nose, in which case rhinoplasty is necessary. However, the lack of cartilage for grafting has been a major problem and tissue engineering seems to be a promising solution. 3D bioprinting has become one of the most advanced tissue engineering methods. To construct ideal cartilage, bio-ink, seed cells, growth factors and other methods to promote chondrogenesis should be considered and weighed carefully. With continuous progress in the field, bio-ink choices are becoming increasingly abundant, from a single hydrogel to a combination of hydrogels with various characteristics, and more 3D bioprinting methods are also emerging. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have become one of the most popular seed cells in cartilage 3D bioprinting, owing to their abundance, excellent proliferative potential, minimal morbidity during harvest and lack of ethical considerations limitations. In addition, the co-culture of ADSCs and chondrocytes is commonly used to achieve better chondrogenesis. To promote chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs and construct ideal highly bionic tissue-engineered cartilage, researchers have used a variety of methods, including adding appropriate growth factors, applying biomechanical stimuli and reducing oxygen tension. According to the process and sequence of cartilage 3D bioprinting, this review summarizes and discusses the selection of hydrogel and seed cells (centered on ADSCs), the design of printing, and methods for inducing the chondrogenesis of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhuier Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Shang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yonghuan Zhen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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9
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Pepelnjak T, Stojšić J, Sevšek L, Movrin D, Milutinović M. Influence of Process Parameters on the Characteristics of Additively Manufactured Parts Made from Advanced Biopolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030716. [PMID: 36772018 PMCID: PMC9922018 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, additive manufacturing (AM) has become a reliable tool for prototyping and low-volume production. In recent years, the market share of such products has increased rapidly as these manufacturing concepts allow for greater part complexity compared to conventional manufacturing technologies. Furthermore, as recyclability and biocompatibility have become more important in material selection, biopolymers have also become widely used in AM. This article provides an overview of AM with advanced biopolymers in fields from medicine to food packaging. Various AM technologies are presented, focusing on the biopolymers used, selected part fabrication strategies, and influential parameters of the technologies presented. It should be emphasized that inkjet bioprinting, stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, extrusion-based bioprinting, and scaffold-free printing are the most commonly used AM technologies for the production of parts from advanced biopolymers. Achievable part complexity will be discussed with emphasis on manufacturable features, layer thickness, production accuracy, materials applied, and part strength in correlation with key AM technologies and their parameters crucial for producing representative examples, anatomical models, specialized medical instruments, medical implants, time-dependent prosthetic features, etc. Future trends of advanced biopolymers focused on establishing target-time-dependent part properties through 4D additive manufacturing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaž Pepelnjak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-47-71-734
| | - Josip Stojšić
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty in Slavonski Brod, University of Slavonski Brod, Trg Ivane Brlić Mažuranić 2, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Luka Sevšek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dejan Movrin
- Department for Production Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mladomir Milutinović
- Department for Production Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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10
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Cao S, Bo R, Zhang Y. Polymeric Scaffolds for Regeneration of Central/Peripheral Nerves and Soft Connective Tissues. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shunze Cao
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Laboratory for Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Renheng Bo
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Laboratory for Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Laboratory for Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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11
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Chiesa-Estomba CM, Hernáez-Moya R, Rodiño C, Delgado A, Fernández-Blanco G, Aldazabal J, Paredes J, Izeta A, Aiastui A. Ex Vivo Maturation of 3D-Printed, Chondrocyte-Laden, Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds Prior to Transplantation Improves Engineered Cartilage Substitute Properties and Integration. Cartilage 2022; 13:105-118. [PMID: 36250422 PMCID: PMC9924975 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221127638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The surgical management of nasal septal defects due to perforations, malformations, congenital cartilage absence, traumatic defects, or tumors would benefit from availability of optimally matured septal cartilage substitutes. Here, we aimed to improve in vitro maturation of 3-dimensional (3D)-printed, cell-laden polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds and test their in vivo performance in a rabbit auricular cartilage model. DESIGN Rabbit auricular chondrocytes were isolated, cultured, and seeded on 3D-printed PCL scaffolds. The scaffolds were cultured for 21 days in vitro under standard culture media and normoxia or in prochondrogenic and hypoxia conditions, respectively. Cell-laden scaffolds (as well as acellular controls) were implanted into perichondrium pockets of New Zealand white rabbit ears (N = 5 per group) and followed up for 12 weeks. At study end point, the tissue-engineered scaffolds were extracted and tested by histological, immunohistochemical, mechanical, and biochemical assays. RESULTS Scaffolds previously matured in vitro under prochondrogenic hypoxic conditions showed superior mechanical properties as well as improved patterns of cartilage matrix deposition, chondrogenic gene expression (COL1A1, COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, COL10A1), and proteoglycan production in vivo, compared with scaffolds cultured in standard conditions. CONCLUSIONS In vitro maturation of engineered cartilage scaffolds under prochondrogenic conditions that better mimic the in vivo environment may be beneficial to improve functional properties of the engineered grafts. The proposed maturation strategy may also be of use for other tissue-engineered constructs and may ultimately impact survival and integration of the grafts in the damaged tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Chiesa-Estomba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head
and Neck Surgery, Osakidetza, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián,
Spain,Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck
Surgery Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Raquel Hernáez-Moya
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform,
Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain,ISCIII Platform of Biobanks and
Biomodels, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Rodiño
- Histology Platform, Biodonostia Health
Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alba Delgado
- Histology Platform, Biodonostia Health
Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Fernández-Blanco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Sciences, School of Engineering, Tecnun-University of Navarra, San Sebastián,
Spain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Sciences, School of Engineering, Tecnun-University of Navarra, San Sebastián,
Spain
| | - Jacobo Paredes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Sciences, School of Engineering, Tecnun-University of Navarra, San Sebastián,
Spain
| | - Ander Izeta
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform,
Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain,ISCIII Platform of Biobanks and
Biomodels, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Sciences, School of Engineering, Tecnun-University of Navarra, San Sebastián,
Spain,Tissue Engineering Group, Biodonostia
Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain,Ander Izeta, Tissue Engineering Group,
Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014 San
Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Ana Aiastui
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform,
Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain,ISCIII Platform of Biobanks and
Biomodels, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Histology Platform, Biodonostia Health
Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
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12
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Afzali Naniz M, Askari M, Zolfagharian A, Afzali Naniz M, Bodaghi M. 4D Printing: A Cutting-edge Platform for Biomedical Applications. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 36044881 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac8e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nature's materials have evolved over time to be able to respond to environmental stimuli by generating complex structures that can change their functions in response to distance, time, and direction of stimuli. A number of technical efforts are currently being made to improve printing resolution, shape fidelity, and printing speed to mimic the structural design of natural materials with three-dimensional (3D) printing. Unfortunately, this technology is limited by the fact that printed objects are static and cannot be reshaped dynamically in response to stimuli. In recent years, several smart materials have been developed that can undergo dynamic morphing in response to a stimulus, thus resolving this issue. Four-dimensional (4D) printing refers to a manufacturing process involving additive manufacturing, smart materials, and specific geometries. It has become an essential technology for biomedical engineering and has the potential to create a wide range of useful biomedical products. This paper will discuss the concept of 4D bioprinting and the recent developments in smart matrials, which can be actuated by different stimuli and be exploited to develop biomimetic materials and structures, with significant implications for pharmaceutics and biomedical research, as well as prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moqaddaseh Afzali Naniz
- University of New South Wales, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, AUSTRALIA
| | - Mohsen Askari
- Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Manpus, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG11 8NS, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Ali Zolfagharian
- Engineering, Deakin University Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, 3217, AUSTRALIA
| | - Mehrdad Afzali Naniz
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mahdi Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering , Nottingham Trent University - Clifton Campus, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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13
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Tan XH, Liu L, Mitryashkin A, Wang Y, Goh JCH. Silk Fibroin as a Bioink - A Thematic Review of Functionalization Strategies for Bioprinting Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3242-3270. [PMID: 35786841 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging tissue engineering technique that has attracted the attention of researchers around the world, for its ability to create tissue constructs that recapitulate physiological function. While the technique has been receiving hype, there are still limitations to the use of bioprinting in practical applications, much of which is due to inappropriate bioink design that is unable to recapitulate complex tissue architecture. Silk fibroin (SF) is an exciting and promising bioink candidate that has been increasingly popular in bioprinting applications because of its processability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility properties. However, due to its lack of optimum gelation properties, functionalization strategies need to be employed so that SF can be effectively used in bioprinting applications. These functionalization strategies are processing methods which allow SF to be compatible with specific bioprinting techniques. Previous literature reviews of SF as a bioink mainly focus on discussing different methods to functionalize SF as a bioink, while a comprehensive review on categorizing SF functional methods according to their potential applications is missing. This paper seeks to discuss and compartmentalize the different strategies used to functionalize SF for bioprinting and categorize the strategies for each bioprinting method (namely, inkjet, extrusion, and light-based bioprinting). By compartmentalizing the various strategies for each printing method, the paper illustrates how each strategy is better suited for a target tissue application. The paper will also discuss applications of SF bioinks in regenerating various tissue types and the challenges and future trends that SF can take in its role as a bioink material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hao Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, E7-06-03, Singapore 119276, Singapore.,Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing, #05-03, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, E7-06-03, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Alexander Mitryashkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, E7-06-03, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, E7-06-03, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - James Cho Hong Goh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, E7-06-03, Singapore 119276, Singapore.,Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing, #05-03, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119288, Singapore
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14
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Yue Y, Xu P, Lei Z, Li K, Xu J, Wen J, Wang S, Cheng W, Lin S, Huang Z, Xu H. Preparation and characterization of a novel drug-loaded Bi-layer scaffold for cartilage regeneration. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9524-9533. [PMID: 35424939 PMCID: PMC8985181 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00311b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of articular cartilage defects is increasing year by year. In order to repair the cartilage tissue at the defect, scaffolds with nanofiber structure and biocompatibility have become a research hotspot. In this study, we designed and fabricated a bi-layer scaffold prepared from an upper layer of drug-dispersed gelatin methacrylate (GELMA) hydrogel and a lower layer of a drug-encapsulated coaxial fiber scaffold prepared from silk fiber (SF) and polylactic acid (PLA). These bi-layer scaffolds have porosity (91.26 ± 3.94%) sufficient to support material exchange and pore size suitable for cell culture and infiltration, as well as mechanical properties (2.65 ± 0.31 MPa) that meet the requirements of cartilage tissue engineering. The coaxial fiber structure exhibited excellent drug release properties, maintaining drug release for 14 days in PBS. In vitro experiments indicated that the scaffolds were not toxic to cells and were amenable to chondrocyte migration. Notably, the growth of cells in a bi-layer scaffold presented two states. In the hydrogel layer, cells grow through interconnected pores and take on a connective tissue-like shape. In the coaxial fiber layer, cells grow on the surface of the coaxial fiber mats and appeared tablet-like. This is similar to the structure of the functional partitions of natural cartilage tissue. Together, the bi-layer scaffold can play a positive role in cartilage regeneration, which could be a potential therapeutic choice to solve the current problems of clinical cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology 430070 China
| | - Peihu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology 430070 China
| | - Zhixin Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology 430070 China
| | - Kebi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology 430070 China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology 430070 China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology 430070 China
| | - Sining Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology 430070 China
| | - Wanting Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology 430070 China
| | - Sihui Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology 430070 China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology 430070 China
| | - Haixing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology 430070 China
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15
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Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Tissue Engineering for Cartilage Repair and Regeneration Over the Past Decade. Indian J Orthop 2022; 56:1206-1216. [PMID: 35813535 PMCID: PMC9232678 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-021-00569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Tremendous progress has been made in the field of cartilage repair and regeneration, particularly with tissue-engineering approaches. This study aims to estimate the global status and current trends in the field of cartilage tissue engineering. Methods Publications from 2011 to 2020 on tissue engineering for cartilage repair and regeneration were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection database. The source data were statistically evaluated based on the bibliometrics. In terms of visualized analysis, some bibliometric indicators such as bibliographic coupling, co-citation, co-authorship and co-occurrence analysis were performed by VOSviewer software, to investigate the research trends in tissue engineering for cartilage repair and regeneration. Results In total, 3715 papers were included. Since 2011, the amount of issued papers and relative research interest (RRI) have grown by leaps and bounds globally. The United States was the biggest contributor to the research in this field, due to the greatest citation frequency, the highest H index and the strongest total link strength. Romania had the highest average citation for each. The journal Tissue Engineering Part A published most articles in this field. For institutions, the largest contributors were Shanghai Jiaotong University, University of California System and Sichuan University. Studies could all be grouped into four main clusters: study of biomaterial scaffolds, study of seeding cells and growth factors, experimental animal model and clinical study, and mechanism research. Conclusion Great efforts should be put into the study of biomaterial scaffolds, seeding cells and growth factors, considered to be the next hot topics in cartilage tissue engineering. This findings provide collaborative insights and research orientation for academic researchers, surgeons and healthcare practitioners to a certain extent. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-021-00569-1.
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16
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Hafezi M, Nouri Khorasani S, Zare M, Esmaeely Neisiany R, Davoodi P. Advanced Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Recent Progress and Future Directions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4199. [PMID: 34883702 PMCID: PMC8659862 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage is a tension- and load-bearing tissue and has a limited capacity for intrinsic self-healing. While microfracture and arthroplasty are the conventional methods for cartilage repair, these methods are unable to completely heal the damaged tissue. The need to overcome the restrictions of these therapies for cartilage regeneration has expanded the field of cartilage tissue engineering (CTE), in which novel engineering and biological approaches are introduced to accelerate the development of new biomimetic cartilage to replace the injured tissue. Until now, a wide range of hydrogels and cell sources have been employed for CTE to either recapitulate microenvironmental cues during a new tissue growth or to compel the recovery of cartilaginous structures via manipulating biochemical and biomechanical properties of the original tissue. Towards modifying current cartilage treatments, advanced hydrogels have been designed and synthesized in recent years to improve network crosslinking and self-recovery of implanted scaffolds after damage in vivo. This review focused on the recent advances in CTE, especially self-healing hydrogels. The article firstly presents the cartilage tissue, its defects, and treatments. Subsequently, introduces CTE and summarizes the polymeric hydrogels and their advances. Furthermore, characterizations, the advantages, and disadvantages of advanced hydrogels such as multi-materials, IPNs, nanomaterials, and supramolecular are discussed. Afterward, the self-healing hydrogels in CTE, mechanisms, and the physical and chemical methods for the synthesis of such hydrogels for improving the reformation of CTE are introduced. The article then briefly describes the fabrication methods in CTE. Finally, this review presents a conclusion of prevalent challenges and future outlooks for self-healing hydrogels in CTE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hafezi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Saied Nouri Khorasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Mohadeseh Zare
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 96179-76487, Iran;
| | - Pooya Davoodi
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Hornbeam Building, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK
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17
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In Vitro Evaluation of a Composite Gelatin-Hyaluronic Acid-Alginate Porous Scaffold with Different Pore Distributions for Cartilage Regeneration. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040165. [PMID: 34698179 PMCID: PMC8544390 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although considerable achievements have been made in the field of regenerative medicine, since self-repair is not an advanced ability of articular cartilage, the regeneration of osteochondral defects is still a challenging problem in musculoskeletal diseases. Cartilage regeneration aims to design a scaffold with appropriate pore structure and biological and mechanical properties for the growth of chondrocytes. In this study, porous scaffolds made of gelatin, hyaluronic acid, alginate, and sucrose in different proportions of 2 g (SL2) and 4 g (SL4) were used as porogens in a leaching process. Sucrose with particle size ranges of 88–177 μm (Hμ) and 44–74 μm (SHμ) was added to the colloid, and the individually cross-linked hydrogel scaffolds with controllable pore size for chondrocyte culture were named Hμ-SL2, Hμ-SL4, SHμ-SL2 and SHμ-SL4. The perforation, porosity, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and proliferation characteristics of the hydrogel scaffold and its influence on chondrocyte differentiation are discussed. Results show that the addition of porogen increases the porosity of the hydrogel scaffold. Conversely, when porogens with the same particle size are added, the pore size decreases as the amount of porogen increases. The perforation effect of the hydrogel scaffolds formed by the porogen is better at 88–177 μm compared with that at 44–74 μm. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that all the prepared hydrogel scaffolds were non-cytotoxic, indicating that no cross-linking agent residues that could cause cytotoxicity were found. In the proliferation and differentiation of the chondrocytes, the SHμ-SL4 hydrogel scaffold with the highest porosity and strength did not achieve the best performance. However, due to the compromise between perforation pores, pore sizes, and strength, as well as considering cell proliferation and differentiation, Hμ-SL4 scaffold provided a more suitable environment for the chondrocytes than other groups; therefore, it can provide the best chondrocyte growth environment for this study. The development of hydrogels with customized pore properties for defective cartilage is expected to meet the requirements of the ultimate clinical application.
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18
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Agarwal T, Hann SY, Chiesa I, Cui H, Celikkin N, Micalizzi S, Barbetta A, Costantini M, Esworthy T, Zhang LG, De Maria C, Maiti TK. 4D printing in biomedical applications: emerging trends and technologies. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7608-7632. [PMID: 34586145 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nature's material systems during evolution have developed the ability to respond and adapt to environmental stimuli through the generation of complex structures capable of varying their functions across direction, distances and time. 3D printing technologies can recapitulate structural motifs present in natural materials, and efforts are currently being made on the technological side to improve printing resolution, shape fidelity, and printing speed. However, an intrinsic limitation of this technology is that printed objects are static and thus inadequate to dynamically reshape when subjected to external stimuli. In recent years, this issue has been addressed with the design and precise deployment of smart materials that can undergo a programmed morphing in response to a stimulus. The term 4D printing was coined to indicate the combined use of additive manufacturing, smart materials, and careful design of appropriate geometries. In this review, we report the recent progress in the design and development of smart materials that are actuated by different stimuli and their exploitation within additive manufacturing to produce biomimetic structures with important repercussions in different but interrelated biomedical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India.
| | - Sung Yun Hann
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Irene Chiesa
- Research Center "E. Piaggio" and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Nehar Celikkin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry - Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Simone Micalizzi
- Research Center "E. Piaggio" and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Barbetta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Costantini
- Institute of Physical Chemistry - Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Timothy Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Carmelo De Maria
- Research Center "E. Piaggio" and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India.
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19
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Lee S, Choi J, Youn J, Lee Y, Kim W, Choe S, Song J, Reis RL, Khang G. Development and Evaluation of Gellan Gum/Silk Fibroin/Chondroitin Sulfate Ternary Injectable Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1184. [PMID: 34439850 PMCID: PMC8394129 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel is in the spotlight as a useful biomaterial in the field of drug delivery and tissue engineering due to its similar biological properties to a native extracellular matrix (ECM). Herein, we proposed a ternary hydrogel of gellan gum (GG), silk fibroin (SF), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering. The hydrogels were fabricated with a facile combination of the physical and chemical crosslinking method. The purpose of this study was to find the proper content of SF and GG for the ternary matrix and confirm the applicability of the hydrogel in vitro and in vivo. The chemical and mechanical properties were measured to confirm the suitability of the hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. The biocompatibility of the hydrogels was investigated by analyzing the cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and growth of articular chondrocytes-laden hydrogels. The results showed that the higher proportion of GG enhanced the mechanical properties of the hydrogel but the groups with over 0.75% of GG exhibited gelling temperatures over 40 °C, which was a harsh condition for cell encapsulation. The 0.3% GG/3.7% SF/CS and 0.5% GG/3.5% SF/CS hydrogels were chosen for the in vitro study. The cells that were encapsulated in the hydrogels did not show any abnormalities and exhibited low cytotoxicity. The biochemical properties and gene expression of the encapsulated cells exhibited positive cell growth and expression of cartilage-specific ECM and genes in the 0.5% GG/3.5% SF/CS hydrogel. Overall, the study of the GG/SF/CS ternary hydrogel with an appropriate content showed that the combination of GG, SF, and CS can synergistically promote articular cartilage defect repair and has considerable potential for application as a biomaterial in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwon Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.K.); (S.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Joohee Choi
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.K.); (S.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jina Youn
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.K.); (S.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Younghun Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.K.); (S.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Wooyoup Kim
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.K.); (S.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Seungho Choe
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.K.); (S.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jeongeun Song
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.K.); (S.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.K.); (S.C.); (J.S.)
- Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea
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20
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Li H, Li P, Yang Z, Gao C, Fu L, Liao Z, Zhao T, Cao F, Chen W, Peng Y, Yuan Z, Sui X, Liu S, Guo Q. Meniscal Regenerative Scaffolds Based on Biopolymers and Polymers: Recent Status and Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661802. [PMID: 34327197 PMCID: PMC8313827 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee menisci are structurally complex components that preserve appropriate biomechanics of the knee. Meniscal tissue is susceptible to injury and cannot heal spontaneously from most pathologies, especially considering the limited regenerative capacity of the inner avascular region. Conventional clinical treatments span from conservative therapy to meniscus implantation, all with limitations. There have been advances in meniscal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in terms of potential combinations of polymeric biomaterials, endogenous cells and stimuli, resulting in innovative strategies. Recently, polymeric scaffolds have provided researchers with a powerful instrument to rationally support the requirements for meniscal tissue regeneration, ranging from an ideal architecture to biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, multiple challenges involving the anisotropic structure, sophisticated regenerative process, and challenging healing environment of the meniscus still create barriers to clinical application. Advances in scaffold manufacturing technology, temporal regulation of molecular signaling and investigation of host immunoresponses to scaffolds in tissue engineering provide alternative strategies, and studies have shed light on this field. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize the current polymers used to fabricate meniscal scaffolds and their applications in vivo and in vitro to evaluate their potential utility in meniscal tissue engineering. Recent progress on combinations of two or more types of polymers is described, with a focus on advanced strategies associated with technologies and immune compatibility and tunability. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects for regenerating injured meniscal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pinxue Li
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cangjian Gao
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liwei Fu
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyao Liao
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhao
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuyang Cao
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Peng
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Sui
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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