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Lee M, Seo D, Park J, Lee SH, Jeon J, Kim W, Kim J, Yang HS, Lee JY. Wet tissue adhesive polymeric powder hydrogels for skeletal muscle regeneration. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:334-344. [PMID: 38978803 PMCID: PMC11228550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) frequently results from traumatic incidents and can lead to severe functional disabilities. Hydrogels have been widely employed for VML tissue regeneration, which are unfortunately ineffective because of the lack of intimate contact with injured tissue for structural and mechanical support. Adhesive hydrogels allow for strong tissue connections for wound closure. Nevertheless, conventional adhesive hydrogels exhibit poor tissue adhesion in moist, bleeding wounds due to the hydration layer at the tissue-hydrogel interfaces, resulting in insufficient performance. In this study, we developed a novel, biocompatible, wet tissue adhesive powder hydrogel consisting of dextran-aldehyde (dex-ald) and gelatin for the regeneration of VML. This powder absorbs the interfacial tissue fluid and buffer solution on the tissue, spontaneously forms a hydrogel, and strongly adheres to the tissue via various molecular interactions, including the Schiff base reaction. In particular, the powder composition with a 1:4 ratio of dex-ald to gelatin exhibited optimal characteristics with an appropriate gelation time (258 s), strong tissue adhesion (14.5 kPa), and stability. Dex-ald/gelatin powder hydrogels presented strong adhesion to various organs and excellent hemostasis compared to other wet hydrogels and fibrin glue. A mouse VML injury model revealed that the dex-ald/gelatin powder hydrogel significantly improved muscle regeneration, reduced fibrosis, enhanced vascularization, and decreased inflammation. Consequently, our wet-adhesive powder hydrogel can serve as an effective platform for repairing various tissues, including the heart, muscle, and nerve tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Daun Seo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Junggeon Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hong Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jeon
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seok Yang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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2
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Riaz A, Ali S, Summer M, Noor S, Nazakat L, Aqsa, Sharjeel M. Exploring the underlying pharmacological, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of phytochemicals against wounds: a molecular insight. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01545-5. [PMID: 39138746 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous cellular, humoral, and molecular processes are involved in the intricate process of wound healing. PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Numerous bioactive substances, such as ß-sitosterol, tannic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, ellagic acid, and pyrogallol, along with their pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, have been reviewed. These phytochemicals work together to promote angiogenesis, granulation, collagen synthesis, oxidative balance, extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and re-epithelialization during wound healing. FINDINGS AND NOVELTY To improve wound contraction, this review delves into how the application of each bioactive molecule mediates with the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of wound healing to speed up the process. This review also reveals the underlying mechanisms of the phytochemicals against different stages of wound healing along with the differentiation of the in vitro evidence from the in vivo evidence There is growing interest in phytochemicals, or plant-derived compounds, due their potential health benefits. This calls for more scientific analysis and mechanistic research. The various pathways that these phytochemicals control/modulate to improve skin regeneration and wound healing are also briefly reviewed. The current review also elaborates the immunomodulatory modes of action of different phytochemicals during wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfah Riaz
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Summer
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shehzeen Noor
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Laiba Nazakat
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sharjeel
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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3
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Zhu S, Dou W, Zeng X, Chen X, Gao Y, Liu H, Li S. Recent Advances in the Degradability and Applications of Tissue Adhesives Based on Biodegradable Polymers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5249. [PMID: 38791286 PMCID: PMC11121545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, tissue adhesives have emerged as an alternative tool for wound treatments due to their advantages in ease of use, rapid application, less pain, and minimal tissue damage. Since most tissue adhesives are designed for internal use or wound treatments, the biodegradation of adhesives is important. To endow tissue adhesives with biodegradability, in the past few decades, various biodegradable polymers, either natural polymers (such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, chondroitin sulfate, starch, sodium alginate, glucans, pectin, functional proteins, and peptides) or synthetic polymers (such as poly(lactic acid), polyurethanes, polycaprolactone, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)), have been utilized to develop novel biodegradable tissue adhesives. Incorporated biodegradable polymers are degraded in vivo with time under specific conditions, leading to the destruction of the structure and the further degradation of tissue adhesives. In this review, we first summarize the strategies of utilizing biodegradable polymers to develop tissue adhesives. Furthermore, we provide a symmetric overview of the biodegradable polymers used for tissue adhesives, with a specific focus on the degradability and applications of these tissue adhesives. Additionally, the challenges and perspectives of biodegradable polymer-based tissue adhesives are discussed. We expect that this review can provide new inspirations for the design of novel biodegradable tissue adhesives for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhuang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenguang Dou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xingchao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yonglin Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Sidi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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Ma C, Gao X, Yang Y, Bian X, Wang B, Liu X, Wang Y, Su D, Zhang G, Qu L, Zhang N. The three-dimensional culture of L929 and C2C12 cells based on SPI-SA interpenetrating network hydrogel scaffold with excellent mechanical properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1329183. [PMID: 38268933 PMCID: PMC10805864 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1329183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-cultured meat, which is obtained by adsorbing cells on the three-dimensional scaffold, is considered a potential solution to animal welfare issues. Edible and safe cell-cultured meat scaffolds are a key part of its research. Soy protein isolate (SPI) hydrogel has a three-dimensional network structure and has been studied for L929 cell culture because of its non-toxicity and biocompatibility. However, the toughness and mechanical properties of SPI hydrogel are not enough to bear the requirements of cell cultivation. In this paper, sodium alginate (SA) was added to SPI hydrogel, and the interpenetrating network (IPN) technology was used to construct SPI-SA IPN hydrogel by transglutaminase and Ca2+ double crosslinking method. SPI-SA IPN hydrogel has excellent mechanical properties, structural stability and biodegradable performance than SPI hydrogel. The bio-compatibility and degradability of L929 and C2C12 cells on SPI-SA IPN hydrogel were studied by cytotoxicity, trypan blue and living/dead cell staining, and the growth law of the hydrogel as a scaffold for cell culture was analyzed. The results showed that L929/C2C12 cells can proliferate normally and adhere in hydrogel and have good bio-compatibility. L929 cells with size about 20-50 µm have better adhesion and growth abilities on SPI-SA IPN hydrogel than C2C12 cells with 100-300 µm. Therefore, the SPI-SA IPN hydrogel is non-toxic and supports the growth of cells in the pores of the material. This study provides a reference for the application of SPI-SA IPN hydrogels in vitro cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmin Ma
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinru Gao
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Bian
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dan Su
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lizhe Qu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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5
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Lee M, Kim YS, Park J, Choe G, Lee S, Kang BG, Jun JH, Shin Y, Kim M, Ahn Y, Lee JY. A paintable and adhesive hydrogel cardiac patch with sustained release of ANGPTL4 for infarcted heart repair. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:395-407. [PMID: 37680586 PMCID: PMC10481188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The infarcted heart undergoes irreversible pathological remodeling after reperfusion involving left ventricle dilation and excessive inflammatory reactions in the infarcted heart, frequently leading to fatal functional damage. Extensive attempts have been made to attenuate pathological remodeling in infarcted hearts using cardiac patches and anti-inflammatory drug delivery. In this study, we developed a paintable and adhesive hydrogel patch using dextran-aldehyde (dex-ald) and gelatin, incorporating the anti-inflammatory protein, ANGPTL4, into the hydrogel for sustained release directly to the infarcted heart to alleviate inflammation. We optimized the material composition, including polymer concentration and molecular weight, to achieve a paintable, adhesive hydrogel using 10% gelatin and 5% dex-ald, which displayed in-situ gel formation within 135 s, cardiac tissue-like modulus (40.5 kPa), suitable tissue adhesiveness (4.3 kPa), and excellent mechanical stability. ANGPTL4 was continuously released from the gelatin/dex-ald hydrogel without substantial burst release. The gelatin/dex-ald hydrogel could be conveniently painted onto the beating heart and degraded in vivo. Moreover, in vivo studies using animal models of acute myocardial infarction revealed that our hydrogel cardiac patch containing ANGPTL4 significantly improved heart tissue repair, evaluated by echocardiography and histological evaluation. The heart tissues treated with ANGPTL4-loaded hydrogel patches exhibited increased vascularization, reduced inflammatory macrophages, and structural maturation of cardiac cells. Our novel hydrogel system, which allows for facile paintability, appropriate tissue adhesiveness, and sustained release of anti-inflammatory drugs, will serve as an effective platform for the repair of various tissues, including heart, muscle, and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sook Kim
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Junggeon Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Goeun Choe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Gyeong Kang
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Jun
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonmin Shin
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchul Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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Polak J, Sachs D, Scherrer N, Süess A, Liu H, Levesque M, Werner S, Mazza E, Restivo G, Meboldt M, Giampietro C. Radial matrix constraint influences tissue contraction and promotes maturation of bi-layered skin equivalents. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 156:213702. [PMID: 37992477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Human skin equivalents (HSEs) serve as important tools for mechanistic studies with human skin cells, drug discovery, pre-clinical applications in the field of tissue engineering and for skin transplantation on skin defects. Besides the cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) components used for HSEs, physical constraints applied on the scaffold during HSEs maturation influence tissue organization, functionality, and homogeneity. In this study, we introduce a 3D-printed culture insert that exposes bi-layered HSEs to a static radial constraint through matrix adhesion. We examine the effect of various diameters of the ring-shaped culture insert on the HSE's characteristics and compare them to state-of-the-art unconstrained and planar constrained HSEs. We show that radial matrix constraint of HSEs regulates tissue contraction, promotes fibroblast and matrix organization that is similar to human skin in vivo and improves keratinocyte differentiation, epidermal stratification, and basement membrane formation depending on the culture insert diameter. Together, these data demonstrate that the degree of HSE's contraction is an important design consideration in skin tissue engineering. Therefore, this study can help to mimic various in vivo skin conditions and to increase the control of relevant tissue properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Polak
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - David Sachs
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Nino Scherrer
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Süess
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Huan Liu
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Gaetana Restivo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Meboldt
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland
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7
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Wang Z, Xu Z, Yang X, Li M, Yip RCS, Li Y, Chen H. Current application and modification strategy of marine polysaccharides in tissue regeneration: A review. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213580. [PMID: 37634336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Marine polysaccharides (MPs) are exceptional bioactive materials that possess unique biochemical mechanisms and pharmacological stability, making them ideal for various tissue engineering applications. Certain MPs, including agarose, alginate, carrageenan, chitosan, and glucan have been successfully employed as biological scaffolds in animal studies. As carriers of signaling molecules, scaffolds can enhance the adhesion, growth, and differentiation of somatic cells, thereby significantly improving the tissue regeneration process. However, the biological benefits of pure MPs composite scaffold are limited. Therefore, physical, chemical, enzyme modification and other methods are employed to expand its efficacy. Chemically, the structural properties of MPs scaffolds can be altered through modifications to functional groups or molecular weight reduction, thereby enhancing their biological activities. Physically, MPs hydrogels and sponges emulate the natural extracellular matrix, creating a more conducive environment for tissue repair. The porosity and high permeability of MPs membranes and nanomaterials expedite wound healing. This review explores the distinctive properties and applications of select MPs in tissue regeneration, highlighting their structural versatility and biological applicability. Additionally, we provide a brief overview of common modification strategies employed for MP scaffolds. In conclusion, MPs have significant potential and are expected to be a novel regenerative material for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokun Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Xuan Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Man Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China; The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, NO. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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8
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Shen J, Jiao W, Chen Z, Wang C, Song X, Ma L, Tang Z, Yan W, Xie H, Yuan B, Wang C, Dai J, Sun Y, Du L, Jin Y. Injectable multifunctional chitosan/dextran-based hydrogel accelerates wound healing in combined radiation and burn injury. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:121024. [PMID: 37321722 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Clinical wound management of combined radiation and burn injury (CRBI) remains a huge challenge due to serious injuries induced by redundant reactive oxygen species (ROS), the accompanying hematopoietic, immunologic suppression and stem cell reduction. Herein, the injectable multifunctional Schiff base cross-linked with gallic acid modified chitosan (CSGA)/oxidized dextran (ODex) hydrogels were rationally designed to accelerate wound healing through elimination of ROS in CRBI. CSGA/ODex hydrogels, fabricated by mixing solutions of CSGA and Odex, displayed good self-healing ability, excellent injectability, strong antioxidant activity, and favorable biocompatibility. More importantly, CSGA/ODex hydrogels exhibited excellent antibacterial properties, which is facilitated for wound healing. Furthermore, CSGA/ODex hydrogels significantly suppressed the oxidative damage of L929 cells in an H2O2-induced ROS microenvironment. The recovery of mice with CRBI in mice demonstrated that CSGA/ODex hydrogels significantly reduced the hyperplasia of epithelial cells and the expression of proinflammatory cytokine, and accelerated wound healing which was superior to the treatment with commercial triethanolamine ointment. In conclusion, the CSGA/ODex hydrogels as a wound dressing could accelerate the wound healing and tissue regeneration of CRBI, which provides great potential in clinical treatment of CRBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Shen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wencheng Jiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ziyuan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chunqing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xingshuang Song
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ziyan Tang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wenrui Yan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bochuan Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chenyun Wang
- The Fourth Clinical Center Affiliated to Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Information Department, General Hospital of Western War Zone, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Lina Du
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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9
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Zhang S, Liu H, Li W, Liu X, Ma L, Zhao T, Ding Q, Ding C, Liu W. Polysaccharide-based hydrogel promotes skin wound repair and research progress on its repair mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125949. [PMID: 37494997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, being a natural, active, and biodegradable polymer, have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional properties. These properties make them ideal for creating multifunctional hydrogels that can be used as wound dressings for skin injuries. Polysaccharide hydrogel has the ability to both simulate the natural extracellular matrix, promote cell proliferation, and provide a suitable environment for wound healing while protecting it from bacterial invasion. Polysaccharide hydrogels offer a promising solution for repairing damaged skin. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms involved in skin damage repair and emphasizes the potential of polysaccharide hydrogels in this regard. For different skin injuries, polysaccharide hydrogels can play a role in promoting wound healing. However, we still need to conduct more research on polysaccharide hydrogels to provide more possibilities for skin damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Hongyuan Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Lina Ma
- College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Qiteng Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China.
| | - Wencong Liu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou 543003, China.
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10
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Wang L, Liu F, Zhai X, Dong W, Wei W, Hu Z. An adhesive gelatin-coated small intestinal submucosa composite hydrogel dressing aids wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124622. [PMID: 37119906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
It is a challenging clinical task to determine how to repair large-area skin defects better. Traditional wound dressings (e.g., cotton and gauze) can only be used as a dressing; consequently, there is an increasing demand for wound dressings with additional properties (i.e., antibacterial and pro-repair) in clinical practice. In this study, a composite hydrogel with o-nitrobenzene-modified gelatin-coated decellularized small intestinal submucosa (GelNB@SIS) was designed for the repair of skin injuries. SIS is a natural extracellular matrix with a 3D microporous structure and also contains high levels of growth factors and collagen. GelNB provides this material photo-triggering tissue adhesive property. The structure, tissue adhesion, cytotoxicity, and bioactivity to cells were investigated. Based on in vivo study and histological analysis, we found the combination of GelNB and SIS improved the healing process by promoting vascular renewal, dermal remodeling, and epidermal regeneration. Based on our findings, GelNB@SIS is a promising candidate for tissue repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Fengling Liu
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Xinrang Zhai
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Wei Wei
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China.
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11
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Xue Z, Sun X, Li H, Iqbal M, Hou Y, Jin Z, Li J. Response of cardiovascular environment to sulfonated hyaluronic acid with higher sulfur content. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113046. [PMID: 36435030 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonated hyaluronic acid (S-HA) has been shown to promote endothelialization in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases according to amounts of investigations. In this study, two kinds of S-HA with higher sulfur content were obtained successfully. Through a series of cell experiments, it was found that the S-HA with higher sulfur content not only possessed stronger ability of promoting the growth and migration of endothelial cells, regulating the phenotype of smooth muscle cells, but also had stronger anti-inflammatory function. Furthermore, all the S-HA molecules are very compatible with blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mujahid Iqbal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yachen Hou
- Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Zi Jin
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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12
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Chen Z, Yao J, Zhao J, Wang S. Injectable wound dressing based on carboxymethyl chitosan triple-network hydrogel for effective wound antibacterial and hemostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1235-1245. [PMID: 36435472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, hydrogels are widely studied for wound dressings. However, wound healing is often hindered by bacterial infection. In this study, in situ cross-linked carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/oxidized dextran (OD)/poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) (COP) hydrogel was prepared for antimicrobial and hemostasis of diffuse wounds. In the COP hydrogel, γ-PGA was able to drain the surface moisture of the wound to enhance the surface adhesion. Moreover, γ-PGA could concentrate blood by absorbing plasma, and CMCS could electrostatically adsorb negative RBCs. The antibacterial properties of CMCS and OD endowed the COP hydrogel with certain antibacterial effects. In the inhibition zone experiment, an obvious inhibition zone appeared around the COP hydrogel. In vivo studies showed that the COP hydrogel significantly inhibited bacterial growth and promoted wound healing. In the rat tail diffuse hemorrhage wound model, the COP hydrogel showed superior hemostasis ability. Therefore, the multifunctional COP hydrogel is expected to find different applications in wound hemostasis and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- School of Materials and Chemistry, the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Jinpeng Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan 528244, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jiulong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Shige Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
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13
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The histological effect of activated Aloe Vera extract by microwave plasma on wound healing. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Yin G, Wang J, Wang X, Zhan Y, Tang X, Wu Q, Wang X, Du L, Lu X. Multifunctional all-in-one adhesive hydrogel for the treatment of perianal infectious wounds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:989180. [PMID: 36246359 PMCID: PMC9561363 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.989180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative wound of perianal infectious disease represents a common but unique refractory wound in clinical practice. The reasons that hinder the wound healing process include not only the severe bacterial infection of the wound itself and the narrow and deep shape of the wound, but also its frequent bacterial contact. Therefore, the development of biofunctional dressings to aid in therapy is essential. In this study, we synthesized a new type of dressing comprising a hydrogel host based on the Schiff base principle and catechol groups between polydopamine, oxidized dextran, and quaternized chitosan, and then loaded it with traditional Chinese medicine molecules. These formed an integrated hydrogel for accelerated wound repair in a perianal infection model. The prepared hydrogels exhibited excellent wet tissue adhesion, antifouling, morphological variability, suitable swelling properties, and complete degradability, as well as remarkable contact antibacterial ability and the ability to rapidly scavenge free radicals. Hemostatic experiments showed excellent hemostatic properties, as the integrated hydrogel could instantly gel to seal the hemorrhage. Hemocompatibility and in vitro cell experiments showed that the integrated hydrogel had good biosafety and significantly promoted cell proliferation, which in turn accelerated the repair of infected whole cortexes in rats. A histomorphological evaluation showed that the integrated hydrogel promoted the recovery of normal anatomical tissue in rats by promoting the formation of collagen fibers and inhibiting inflammation. The results showed that this multifunctional integrated hydrogel has great potential for the treatment of continuously infected skin regeneration, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for postoperative wound healing in perianal infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yin
- Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anorectal, Chengdu Thrid People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyue Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Anorectal, Affiliated of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anorectal, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuegui Tang
- Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qie Wu
- Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anorectal, Chengdu Thrid People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anorectal, Chengdu Thrid People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Du
- Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anorectal, Chengdu Thrid People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Du, ; Xiong Lu,
| | - Xiong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Du, ; Xiong Lu,
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15
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Kakarla AB, Kong I, Kong C, Irving H, Thomas CJ. Extrusion of Cell Encapsulated in Boron Nitride Nanotubes Reinforced Gelatin—Alginate Bioink for 3D Bioprinting. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100603. [PMID: 36286104 PMCID: PMC9602097 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, an innovative technology, has gained the attention of researchers as a promising technique for the redevelopment of complex tissue or organ structures. Despite significant advancements, a major challenge in 3D bioprinting is the limited number of suitable bioinks that fulfil the physiochemical requirements to produce complicated structures. Therefore, there is a demand for the production of bioinks for 3D bioprinting techniques. In this short communication, THP-1 cells encapsulated in boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) reinforced gelatin and alginate bioink was prepared. The study investigated the impact on the cells during printing using a fluorescence cell image. The results showed that the pure polymer bioinks demonstrated poor printability properties with the incorporation of cells. However, BNNT-combined bioink showed a significant increase in structural integrity even after the incorporation of cells. Furthermore, the scaffold structure was successfully printed with the cells incorporated bioink, and a considerable number of live cells were observed. With further studies, BNNTs as a promising nanomaterial for formulating bioink encapsulated with cells can be understood fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akesh Babu Kakarla
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Ing Kong
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Cin Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Helen Irving
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS), Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Colleen J. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Pre-Clinical Critical Care Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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16
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Yasin A, Ren Y, Li J, Sheng Y, Cao C, Zhang K. Advances in Hyaluronic Acid for Biomedical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:910290. [PMID: 35860333 PMCID: PMC9289781 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.910290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is the main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Because of its strong and diversified functions applied in broad fields, HA has been widely studied and reported previously. The molecular properties of HA and its derivatives, including a wide range of molecular weights but distinct effects on cells, moisture retention and anti-aging, and CD44 targeting, promised its role as a popular participant in tissue engineering, wound healing, cancer treatment, ophthalmology, and cosmetics. In recent years, HA and its derivatives have played an increasingly important role in the aforementioned biomedical fields in the formulation of coatings, nanoparticles, and hydrogels. This article highlights recent efforts in converting HA to smart formulation, such as multifunctional coatings, targeted nanoparticles, or injectable hydrogels, which are used in advanced biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeela Yasin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy and Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Ren
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHenan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy and Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulong Sheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy and Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Cui L, Li J, Guan S, Zhang K, Zhang K, Li J. Injectable multifunctional CMC/HA-DA hydrogel for repairing skin injury. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100257. [PMID: 35469255 PMCID: PMC9034394 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Injectable Hydrogels with adhesive, antioxidant and hemostatic properties are highly desired for promoting skin injury repair. In this study, we prepared a multi-functional carboxymethyl chitosan/hyaluronic acid-dopamine (CMC/HA-DA) hydrogel, which can be crosslinked by horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. The antioxidation, gelation time, degradability, rheology and antihemorrhagic properties of hydrogels can be finely tuned by varying composition ratio. The cytocompatibility test and hemolysis test confirmed that the designed hydrogel holds good biocompatibility. More importantly, the repair effect of the hydrogel on full-thickness skin injury model in mice was studied. The results of wound healing, collagen deposition, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that CMC/HA-DA hydrogel could significantly promote angiogenesis and cell proliferation at the injured site. Notably, the inflammatory response can also be regulated to promote the repair of full-thickness skin defect in mice. Results indicate that this injectable CMC/HA-DA hydrogel holds high application prospect for promising wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Cui
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jiankang Li
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Shuaimeng Guan
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
- Corresponding author. School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Jingan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
- Corresponding author. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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