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Koppaka R, Shah KK, Ahmed N, Echhpal UR. Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Acrylic Denture Bases Polished Using Algishine, a Novel Polishing Material: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e63955. [PMID: 39104981 PMCID: PMC11299221 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Surface roughness (Ra) significantly impacts the aesthetic and functional qualities of dental prosthetics. Traditional polishing involves pumice, a material routinely used in dental practice. This study introduces Algishine as a potential cost-effective eco-friendly alternative. Materials and methods A 3D design software (Geomagic) created a Standard Tesselation Language (STL) file of 10 mm x 10 mm x 2 mm. 30 STL file outputs were generated. The output was milled in wax. This was then flasked and processed. 30 acrylic resin specimens were fabricated and divided into two groups. Group A was polished using traditional pumice, and Group B was polished using Algishine. The Ra of each sample was measured using surface profilometry, with three readings per sample averaged for each group. Results Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare the two groups with the pre-testing samples, which showed p<0.05; indicating that there was a significant difference between the two groups. The average Ra value for unpolished acrylic was 7.105, while the specimens polished with pumice showed an Ra value of 2.218; specimens polished with novel material Algishine showed an Ra value of 1.743. This illustrates that Algishine achieves surface smoothness significantly superior to commonly used polishing agent and pumice. Discussion The results of our study demonstrate that Algishine, a novel polishing material derived from recycled alginate, effectively reduces the Ra of acrylic resin. This finding has significant implications, both clinically and environmentally. The primary clinical benefit of a smoother acrylic resin surface is the enhanced aesthetic appearance and increased patient comfort. A polished surface reduces plaque accumulation, thereby decreasing the risk of oral infections and improving the longevity of the dental prosthesis. The results show that Algishine achieves surface smoothness comparable to or better than pumice indicating that it can maintain, if not enhance, these clinical outcomes. Dental professionals can confidently use Algishine, knowing it meets the high standards required for patient care. Conclusion Algishine effectively reduces the Ra of acrylic resin, suggesting it is a viable, eco-friendly alternative to traditional pumice for dental polishing procedures. This indicates potential benefits in maintaining clinical outcomes while promoting environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Koppaka
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Khushali K Shah
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Nabeel Ahmed
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Urvi R Echhpal
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Rabbani FA, Sulaiman M, Tabasum F, Yasin S, Iqbal T, Shahbaz M, Mujtaba M, Bashir S, Fayaz H, Saleel CA. Investigation of tribo-mechanical performance of alkali treated rice-husk and polypropylene-random-copolymer based biocomposites. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22028. [PMID: 38034731 PMCID: PMC10685183 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was based on the experimental performance evaluation of a wood polymer composite (WPC) that was synthesized by incorporating untreated and treated rice husk (RH) fibers into a polypropylene random copolymer matrix. The submicron-scale RH fibers were alkali-treated to modify the surface and introduce new functional groups in the WPC. A compatibilizer (maleic anhydride) and a thermos-mechanical properties modifier (polypropylene grafted with 30 % glass fiber) were used in the WPC. The effects of untreated and treated RH on the WPC panels were studied using FESEM, FTIR, and microscope images. A pin-on-disk setup was used to investigate the bulk tribological properties of PPRC and WPC. The complex relationship between the friction coefficient of different loading of RH fibers in the WPC, as a function of sliding distance, was analyzed along with the temperature and morphology of the surface. It was observed that untreated RH acted as a friction modifier, while treated RH acted as a solid lubricant. Microhardness was calculated using the QCSM module on nanoindentation. It was found that untreated RH led to an increase in microhardness, while treated RH caused a decrease in hardness compared to PPRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Ali Rabbani
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, UET Lahore, New Campus, Kala Shah Kaku 39020, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, UET Lahore, New Campus, Kala Shah Kaku 39020, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Tabasum
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, UET Lahore, New Campus, Kala Shah Kaku 39020, Pakistan
| | - Saima Yasin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UET Lahore, Main Campus, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Iqbal
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, UET Lahore, New Campus, Kala Shah Kaku 39020, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, UET Lahore, New Campus, Kala Shah Kaku 39020, Pakistan
| | - M.A. Mujtaba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UET Lahore, New Campus, Kala Shah Kaku 39020, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Pantai Baharu, 59990 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H. Fayaz
- Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulation and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - C Ahamed Saleel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Gu D, Xie H, Liu Z, Chen S, Wang Z, Gao S. Dry tribological properties of textured PMMA composites by embedding microspheres with different thermal conductivities. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15723-15729. [PMID: 37235107 PMCID: PMC10206483 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02286b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Textured surfaces were prepared by embedding microspheres with different thermal conductivities of brass microspheres (BS), 304 stainless steel microspheres (SS), and polyoxymethylene microspheres (PS) on the surface of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The effects of surface texture and filling modification on the dry tribological properties of BS/PMMA, SS/PMMA, and PS/PMMA composites were studied by ring-on-disc contact. Based on the finite element analysis of friction heat, the wear mechanisms of BS/PMMA, SS/PMMA, and PS/PMMA composites were analyzed. The results show that regular surface texture can be achieved by embedding microspheres on the PMMA surface. The friction coefficient and wear depth of the SS/PMMA composite are both the lowest. The worn surfaces of BS/PMMA, SS/PMMA, and PS/PMMA composites are divided into three micro-wear-regions. The wear mechanisms of different micro-wear-regions are different. Finite element analysis shows that thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient affect the wear mechanisms of BS/PMMA, SS/PMMA, and PS/PMMA composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Gu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
- Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Generic Technology of Self-lubricating Spherical Plain Bearing, Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Hui Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
- Key Laboratory of Self-Lubricating Spherical Plain Bearing Technology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University Qinhuangdao, 066004 China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Suwen Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Zibo Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
- Tianjin Jingwei Hirain Technologies Co., Ltd. Tianjin 300074 China
| | - Siyuan Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
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Fouly A, Alnaser IA, Assaifan AK, Abdo HS. Developing PMMA/Coffee Husk Green Composites to Meet the Individual Requirements of People with Disabilities: Hip Spacer Case Study. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040200. [PMID: 37103290 PMCID: PMC10146844 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
When replacing a damaged artificial hip joint, treatment involves using antibiotic-laced bone cement as a spacer. One of the most popular materials used for spacers is PMMA; however, it has limitations in terms of mechanical and tribological properties. To overcome such limitations, the current paper proposes utilizing a natural filler, coffee husk, as a reinforcement for PMMA. The coffee husk filler was first prepared using the ball-milling technique. PMMA composites with varying weight fractions of coffee husk (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%) were prepared. The hardness was measured to estimate the mechanical properties of the produced composites, and the compression test was utilized to estimate the Young modulus and compressive yield strength. Furthermore, the tribological properties of the composites were evaluated by measuring the friction coefficient and wear by rubbing the composite samples against stainless steel and cow bone counterparts under different normal loads. The wear mechanisms were identified via scanning electron microscopy. Finally, a finite element model for the hip joint was built to investigate the load-carrying capacity of the composites under human loading conditions. The results show that incorporating coffee husk particles can enhance both the mechanical and tribological properties of the PMMA composites. The finite element results are consistent with the experimental findings, indicating the potential of the coffee husk as a promising filler material for enhancing the performance of PMMA-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fouly
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Alnaser
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz K Assaifan
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt
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Mohammed MR, Hadi AN. Enhancing the Mechanical Behaviour and Antibacterial Activity of Bioepoxy Using Hybrid Nanoparticles for Dental Applications. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:2124070. [PMID: 35401755 PMCID: PMC8989560 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2124070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate capability of handling several forces exerted inside the mouth, and preventing the adhesion and proliferation of oral microorganisms are among the most vital factors for achieving effective alternative dental materials to the damaged native. Nevertheless, lack of mechanical and antimicrobial properties of dental resins hinders their use in most clinical applications in dentistry. In the present study, the main aim was to provide bioepoxy composite biomaterials that could meet the required mechanical and antibacterial properties for dental related fields. Herein, highly biocompatible epoxy and hybrid reinforcing materials were utilised to produce a composite material, which could have features resembling those of original dental parts. Various weight fractions of nanosilver/nano-alumina particles at 1, 2, and 3 wt% were incorporated into the bioepoxy for improving the mechanical and antibacterial characteristics of the biocompatible epoxy resin. Three-point bending and Izod impact tests were performed to evaluate the flexure and impact strengths of the obtained nanocomposites. The morphology of pristine bioepoxy and nanoparticle reinforced bioepoxy composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The influence of these fillers on the bioepoxy resin antibacterial sensitivity was assessed using the agar diffusion technique. Nanofiller contents have been revealed to have a remarkable role to play in tuning the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites; the flexure strength and modulus were higher when the total ratio of hybrid reinforcement was 2 wt%. In contrast, the addition of higher percentage of hybrid nanoparticles could cause deterioration in the flexure characteristics of nanocomposites, yet they were better than those of pristine epoxy. Regarding the impact strength, the enhancement in this property was only observed for the composite containing 1 wt% of AgNps-Al2O3; the impact strength was dropped gradually beyond this ratio. The antibacterial effectiveness of the nanocomposites was demonstrated to positively depend on the increase in AgNps mass fraction. Among all evaluated unmodified and modified bioepoxy, the nanocomposite containing 2.5 wt% of AgNps had the higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Based on the attainable outcomes, the prepared composites, particularly at moderate levels of Al2O3-AgNps, could provide biocomposites having the potential to be utilised in several biomedical fields, particularly in dental technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Namah Hadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq
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Fouly A, Abdo HS, Seikh AH, Alluhydan K, Alkhammash HI, Alnaser IA, Abdo MS. Evaluation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Corn Cob-Reinforced Epoxy-Based Composites-Theoretical and Experimental Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244407. [PMID: 34960957 PMCID: PMC8708124 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxy is considered to be the most popular polymer and is widely used in various engineering applications. However, environmental considerations require natural materials-based epoxy. This necessity results in further utilization of natural materials as a natural reinforcement for different types of composites. Corn cob is an example of a natural material that can be considered as an agricultural waste. The objective of the present work is to improve the economic feasibility of corn cob by converting the original corn cob material into powder to be utilized in reinforcing epoxy-based composites. In the experiment, the corn cob was crushed and ground using a grain miller before it was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corn cob powder was added to the epoxy with different weight fractions (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 wt%). In order to prevent corn cob powder agglomeration and ensure homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement inside the epoxy, the ultrasonic technique and a mechanical stirrer were used. Then, the composite's chemical compositions were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical experiments showed an improvement in the Young's modulus and compressive yield strength of the epoxy composites, increasing corn cob up to 8 wt% by 21.26% and 22.22%, respectively. Furthermore, tribological tests revealed that reinforcing epoxy with 8 wt% corn cob can decrease the coefficient of friction by 35% and increase wear resistance by 4.8%. A finite element model for the frictional process was constructed to identify different contact stresses and evaluate the load-carrying capacity of the epoxy composites. The finite element model showed agreement with the experimental results. An epoxy containing 8 wt% corn cob demonstrated the optimal mechanical and tribological properties. The rubbed surfaces were investigated by SEM to identify the wear mechanism of different composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fouly
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (I.A.A.)
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Hany S. Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.); (A.H.S.)
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt
| | - Asiful H. Seikh
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Khalid Alluhydan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Hend I. Alkhammash
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim A. Alnaser
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed S. Abdo
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
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A Novel Polishing Paste (Mollusk Shells) for Poly (Methylmethacrylate). Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5511797. [PMID: 34306082 PMCID: PMC8272669 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5511797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mollusk shells polishing paste (Donax obesulus) on the surface roughness of acrylic resin poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). Methods This study was an in vitro experimental design. A sample size of 72 was divided into 4 groups of n = 18 each. PMMA specimens were prepared and polished with the evaluated pastes using mollusk shells (experimental paste) and pumice stone. Surface roughness (μm) was measured using a profilometer after polishing the PMMA samples. The paired Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the roughness values at 24 and 48 hours. Then, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to identify the differences between the effects of the two groups evaluated with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results The roughness difference between the pastes under study was compared, and mean values of 0.50 ± 0.07 μm (mollusk shell paste group) and 0.45 ± 0.12 μm (pumice group) were obtained. No statistically significant differences were found between the experimental paste and pumice stone paste (p=0.309). The specimens polished with pumice stone paste showed higher roughness values, while those polished with the experimental paste exhibited the lowest values. Conclusion. In summary, mollusk shells polishing paste had a decrease in roughness values compared to pumice, although these differences were not statistically significant.
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Analysis of the Statistical Comparability of the Hardness and Wear of Polymeric Materials for Orthodontic Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112925. [PMID: 34071606 PMCID: PMC8197806 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Clinical success depends on the contact strength and wear resistance of medical devices made of polymer materials. The scientific goal resulted from the problem of using different methods of surface evaluation of materials used in the production of orthodontic appliances. The purpose of the work was an experimental comparative assessment of indentation hardness and scratch hardness and the sliding wear of four selected polymeric materials used in the manufacture of orthodontic appliances. Methods: Four commercial materials were compared. Shore hardness tests and a scratch test with a Rockwell indenter were performed. A sliding wear test was performed using the ball-on-disc method. Statistical PCA and correlation analyses were performed. Results: The results of scratch hardness measurements using a contact profilometer correlated with the Shore hardness to a greater extent than measurements made using an optical microscope. PCA showed that Shore hardness explains 45% of the total variance in all the results across the materials. Conclusions: The scratch hardness method allows for a more explicit ranking of orthodontic polymeric materials when measurements are made with a profilometer. The ranking of sliding wear resistance should be made separately.
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Low cost and eco-friendly nanoparticles from cockle shells as a potential matrix for the immobilisation of urease enzyme. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Effect of Low Hydroxyapatite Loading Fraction on the Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Nanocomposites for Dentures. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060857. [PMID: 33799586 PMCID: PMC8001806 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Denture base materials need appropriate mechanical and tribological characteristics to endure different stresses inside the mouth. This study investigates the properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) reinforced with different low loading fractions (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 wt.%) of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles. HA nanoparticles with different loading fractions are homogenously dispersed in the PMMA matrix through mechanical mixing. The resulting density, Compressive Young's modulus, compressive yield strength, ductility, fracture toughness, and hardness were evaluated experimentally; the friction coefficient and wear were estimated by rubbing the PMMA/HA nanocomposites against stainless steel and PMMA counterparts. A finite element model was built to determine the wear layer thickness and the stress distribution along the nanocomposite surfaces during the friction process. In addition, the wear mechanisms were elucidated via scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that increasing the concentration of HA nanoparticles increases the stiffness, compressive yield strength, toughness, ductility, and hardness of the PMMA nanocomposite. Moreover, tribological tests show that increasing the nanoparticle weight fraction considerably decreases the friction coefficient and wear loss.
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Flexural strength, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity of a polymethyl methacrylate denture resin enhanced with graphene and silver nanoparticles. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2713-2725. [PMID: 31734793 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study evaluates the effect of adding graphene-Ag nanoparticles (G-AgNp) to a PMMA auto-polymerizing resin, with focus on antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, monomer release, and mechanical properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Auto-polymerizing acrylic resin (M) was loaded with 1 wt% G-AgNp (P1) and 2 wt% G-AgNp (P2). Methyl methacrylate monomer release (MMA) was measured after immersion of the samples in chloroform and cell medium respectively. Cell viability was assessed on dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK) and dental pulp stem cells. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response following exposure of dysplastic oral keratinocytes to the experimental resins was evaluated. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli and also flexural strength of the resins were assessed. RESULTS Residual monomer: For samples immersed in chloroform, MMA concentration reached high levels, 10.27 μg/g for sample P1; MMA increased at higher G-AgNp loading; 0.63 μg/g MMA was found in medium for P1, and less for sample P2. Cell viability: Both cell lines displayed a viability decrease, but remained above 75%, compared to controls, when exposed to undiluted samples. Inflammation: proinflammatory molecule TNF-α decreased when DOK cultures were exposed to G-AgNp samples. MDA levels indicated increased oxidative stress damage in cells treated with PMMA, confirmed by the antioxidant mechanism activation, while samples containing G-AgNp induced an antioxidant effect. All tested samples showed antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria. Samples containing G-AgNp also exhibited bactericide action on E. coli. Mechanical properties: both samples containing G-AgNp improved flexural strength compared to the sample resin, measured through elastic strength parameters. CONCLUSIONS PMMA resin loaded with G-AgNp presents promising antibacterial activity associated with minimal toxicity to human cells, in vitro, as well as improved flexural properties. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These encouraging results obtained in vitro support further in vivo investigation, to thoroughly check whether the PMMA loaded with graphene-silver nanoparticles constitute an improvement over current denture materials.
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Bheemaneni G, Kandaswamy R. Melt processing and characterization of tricalcium phosphate filled polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate/polymethyl methacrylate composites for biomedical applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1525731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girija Bheemaneni
- Department of Rubber and Plastics Technology, MIT Campus, Anna University, Chennai, India
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Tran VC, Nguyen VH, Tuma D, Shim JJ. Ionic liquid mediated synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-block-methyl methacrylate)/Fe3O4 core–shell structured nanocomposite by ATRP method. Colloid Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-016-3835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Uyar T, Çökeliler D, Doğan M, Koçum IC, Karatay O, Denkbaş EB. Electrospun nanofiber reinforcement of dental composites with electromagnetic alignment approach. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:762-70. [PMID: 26952482 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used as a base acrylic denture material with benefits of rapid and easy handling, however, when it is used in prosthetic dentistry, fracturing or cracking problems can be seen due to the relatively low strength issues. Besides, acrylic resin is the still prominent material for denture fabrication due to its handy and low cost features. Numerous proposed fillers that are used to produce PMMA composites, however electrospun polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanofiber fillers for production of PMMA composite resins are not studied as much as the others. The other focus of the practice is to compare both mechanical properties and efficiency of aligned fibers versus non-aligned PVA nanofibers in PMMA based dental composites. Field-controlled electrospinning system is manufactured and provided good alignment in lab scale as one of contributions. Some novel auxiliary electrodes in controlled structure are augmented to obtain different patterns of alignment with a certain range of fiber diameters. Scanning electron microscopy is used for physical characterization to determine the range of fiber diameters. Non-woven fiber has no unique pattern due to chaotic nature of electrospinning process, but aligned fibers have round pattern or crossed lines. These produced fibers are structured as layer-by-layer form with different features, and these features are used in producing PMMA dental composites with different volume ratios. The maximum flexural strength figure shows that fiber load by weight of 0.25% w/w and above improves in the maximum level. As a result, mechanical properties of PMMA dental composites are improved by using PVA nanofibers as a filler, however the improvement was higher when aligned PVA nanofibers are used. The maximum values were 5.1 MPa (flexural strength), 0.8 GPa (elastic modulus), and 170 kJ/m(3) (toughness) in three-point bending test. In addition to the positive results of aligned and non-aligned nanofibers it was found that they both have a non-toxic feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tansel Uyar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Başkent University Bağlıca Campus, 06530 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Çökeliler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Başkent University Bağlıca Campus, 06530 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Doğan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Başkent University, Ankara 06180, Turkey
| | - Ismail Cengiz Koçum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Başkent University Bağlıca Campus, 06530 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Okan Karatay
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Başkent University, Ankara 06180, Turkey
| | - Emir Baki Denkbaş
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Prasad A, Devendar B, Sankar MR, Robi P. Micro-Scratch Based Tribological Characterization of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Fabricated through Fish Scales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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