1
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Thamer BM, Al-aizari FA, Abdo HS. Activated Carbon-Incorporated Tragacanth Gum Hydrogel Biocomposite: A Promising Adsorbent for Crystal Violet Dye Removal from Aqueous Solutions. Gels 2023; 9:959. [PMID: 38131945 PMCID: PMC10743021 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials-based adsorbents have emerged as a sustainable and promising solution for water purification, owing to their eco-friendly nature and remarkable adsorption capacities. In this study, a biocomposite hydrogel was prepared by the incorporation of activated carbon derived from pomegranate peels (PPAC) in tragacanth gum (TG). The hydrogel biocomposite (PPAC/TG) showed a porous structure, a negative surface charge at a pH of more than 4.9, and good stability in aqueous media. The adsorption properties of the PPAC/TG hydrogel biocomposite were assessed for the removal of crystal violet dye (CV) from aqueous solutions using a batch adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption data followed the Sips isotherm model, as supported by the calculated R2 (>0.99), r-χ2 (<64), and standard error values (<16). According to the Sips model, the maximum values of the adsorption capacity of PPAC/TG were 455.61, 470.86, and 477.37 mg/g at temperatures of 25, 30, and 35 °C, respectively. The adsorption kinetic of CV onto the PPAC/TG hydrogel biocomposite was well described by the pseudo-second-order model with R2 values more than 0.999 and r-χ2 values less than 12. Thermodynamic studies confirmed that the CV dye adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the prepared hydrogel exhibited excellent reusability, retaining its adsorption capacity even after being used more than five times. Overall, this study concludes that the prepared PPAC/TG exhibited a significant adsorption capacity for cationic dyes, indicating its potential as an effective and eco-friendly adsorbent for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr M. Thamer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faiz A. Al-aizari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hany S. Abdo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
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2
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Thamer BM, Al-aizari FA, Abdo HS. Enhanced Adsorption of Textile Dyes by a Novel Sulfonated Activated Carbon Derived from Pomegranate Peel Waste: Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study. Molecules 2023; 28:7712. [PMID: 38067443 PMCID: PMC10708109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of the dye and textile industry has raised significant public concerns regarding the pollution caused by dye wastewater, which poses potential risks to human health. In this study, we successfully improved the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon derived from pomegranate peel waste (PPAC) through a single-step and surface modification approach using 5-sulfonate-salicylaldehyde sodium salt. This innovative and effective sulfonation approach to produce sulfonated activated carbon (S-PPAC) proved to be highly effective in removing crystal violet dye (CV) from polluted water. The prepared PPAC and S-PPAC were characterized via FESEM, EDS, FTIR and BET surface area. Characterization studies confirmed the highly porous structure of the PPAC and its successful surface modification, with surface areas reaching 1180.63 m2/g and 740.75 m2/g for the PPAC and S-PPAC, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved at 785.53 mg/g with the S-PPAC, an increase of 22.76% compared to the PPAC at 45 °C. The isothermic adsorption and kinetic studies demonstrated that the adsorption process aligned well with the Freundlich isotherm model and followed the Elovich kinetic model, respectively. The thermodynamic study confirmed that the adsorption of CV dye was endothermic, spontaneous and thermodynamically favorable onto PPAC and S-PPAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr M. Thamer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faiz A. Al-aizari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hany S. Abdo
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
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3
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Albahkali T, Fouly A, Alnaser IA, Elsheniti MB, Rezk A, Abdo HS. Investigation of the Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Epoxy-Based Hybrid Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3880. [PMID: 37835929 PMCID: PMC10575007 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The main target of this study is to evaluate the impact of hybrid reinforcement using Al2O3 nanoparticles and graphite on the epoxy nanocomposites' mechanical and tribological properties. Various weight fractions of the reinforcement materials, ranging from 0 to 0.5 wt.%, were incorporated into the epoxy. The aim is to enhance the characteristics and durability of the polymers for potential utilization in different mechanical applications. The addition of hybrid additives consisting of Al2O3 nanoparticles and graphite to the epoxy resin had a noticeable effect on the performance of the epoxy nanocomposites. The incorporation of these additives resulted in increased elasticity, strength, toughness, ductility, and hardness as the concentration of reinforcement increased. The enhancement in the stiffness, mechanical strength, toughness and ductility reached 33.9%, 25.97%, 25.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the frictional tests demonstrated a notable decrease in both the coefficient of friction and wear with the rise of the additives' weight fraction. This improvement in the structural integrity of the epoxy nanocomposites led to enhanced mechanical properties and wear resistance. The SEM was utilized to assess the surfaces of tested samples and provide insights into the wear mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamer Albahkali
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (I.A.A.); (M.B.E.)
| | - Ahmed Fouly
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (I.A.A.); (M.B.E.)
| | - Ibrahim A. Alnaser
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (I.A.A.); (M.B.E.)
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud B. Elsheniti
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (I.A.A.); (M.B.E.)
| | - Ahmed Rezk
- Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute (EBRI), College of Engineering and Physical Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
| | - Hany S. Abdo
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
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4
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Fouly A, Albahkali T, Abdo HS, Salah O. Investigating the Mechanical Properties of Annealed 3D-Printed PLA-Date Pits Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3395. [PMID: 37631452 PMCID: PMC10459273 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical applications are crucial in rehabilitation medicine, assisting individuals with disabilities. Nevertheless, materials failure can sometimes result in inconvenience for users. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a popular 3D-printed material that offers design flexibility. However, it is limited in use because its mechanical properties are inadequate. Thus, this study introduces an artificial intelligence model that utilizes ANFIS to estimate the mechanical properties of PLA composites. The model was developed based on an actual data set collected from experiments. The experimental results were obtained by preparing samples of PLA green composites with different weight fractions of date pits, which were then annealed for varying durations to remove residual stresses resulting from 3D printing. The mechanical characteristics of the produced PLA composite specimens were measured experimentally, while the ANSYS model was established to identify the composites' load-carrying capacity. The results showed that ANFIS models are exceptionally robust and compatible and possess good predictive capabilities for estimating the hardness, strength, and Young's modulus of the 3D-printed PLA composites. The model results and experimental outcomes were nearly identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fouly
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Thamer Albahkali
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S. Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt
| | - Omar Salah
- Mechatronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
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Samad UA, Alam MA, Abdo HS, Anis A, Al-Zahrani SM. Synergistic Effect of Nanoparticles: Enhanced Mechanical and Corrosion Protection Properties of Epoxy Coatings Incorporated with SiO 2 and ZrO 2. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3100. [PMID: 37514490 PMCID: PMC10383855 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This research paper presents the fabrication of epoxy coatings along with the hybrid combination of SiO2 and ZrO2. The epoxy resin is incorporated with SiO2 as the primary pigment and ZrO2 as the synergist pigment. The study delves into the adhesion, barrier, and anti-corrosion properties of these coatings, enriched with silica and zirconium nanoparticles, and investigates their impact on the final properties of the epoxy coating. The epoxy resin, a Diglycidyl ether bisphenol-A (DGEBA) type, is cured with a polyamidoamine adduct-based curing agent. To evaluate the protective performance of silica SiO2 and zirconia ZrO2 nanoparticles in epoxy coatings, the coated samples were tested in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The experimental results clearly demonstrate a remarkable improvement in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and Elastic Modulus. In comparison to using SiO2 separately, the incorporation of both ZrO2 and SiO2 resulted in a substantial increase of 43.5% in UTS, 74.2% in YS, and 8.2% in Elastic Modulus. The corrosion test results revealed that the combination of DGEBA, SiO2, and ZrO2 significantly enhanced the anti-corrosion efficiency of the organic coatings. Both these pigments exhibited superior anti-corrosion effects and mechanical properties compared to conventional epoxy coatings, leading to a substantial increase in the anti-corrosion efficiency of the developed coating. This research focuses the potential of SiO2 and ZrO2 in hybrid combination for applications, where mechanical, corrosion and higher adhesion to the substrates are of prime importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubair Abdus Samad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Asif Alam
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt
| | - Arafat Anis
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Al-Zahrani
- SABIC Polymer Research Center (SPRC), Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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Alghannam AA, Soliman MS, Seikh AH, Alnaser IA, Fouly A, Mohammed JA, Ragab SA, Abdo HS. Investigation on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Ti-modified AA5083 aluminum alloy for aerospace and automotive applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11535. [PMID: 37460619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Casting of aluminum with different concentration of alloying elements such as Mg, Mn (similar to that in AA5083) with additional percentages of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% Ti, are carried out using graphite crucible. The as-cast microstructure is modified by hot rolling to a thickness of ~ 2 mm. Mechanical and metallurgical and characterization of heat-treated thin sheets are carried out using tensile testing, hardness measurement, metallography, image analysis and optical microscope. By increasing the Ti content, the results show grain refinement and increase in the formation of Al3Ti which reflected positively on the mechanical properties. Specifically, Ultimate tensile strength is increased from 260 MPa (0 wt% Ti) to 345 MPa (0.3 wt% Ti) when using water quenching, 32.6% improvement for air cooling, and 23.3% for furnace cooling. Electrochemical corrosion behavior of heat-treated water quenched, air cooled and furnace cooled samples were tested in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results show that the heat-treated alloys have very good resistance against corrosion, while by increasing the Ti content, the corrosion rate increases due to the grain refinement phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Alghannam
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud S Soliman
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asiful H Seikh
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alnaser
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Fouly
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jabair A Mohammed
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh A Ragab
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S Abdo
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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7
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Albahkali T, Abdo HS, Salah O, Fouly A. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy-Based Models for Predicting the Tribological Properties of 3D-Printed PLA Green Composites Used for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3053. [PMID: 37514443 PMCID: PMC10383854 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tribological performance is a critical aspect of materials used in biomedical applications, as it can directly impact the comfort and functionality of devices for individuals with disabilities. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a widely used 3D-printed material in this field, but its mechanical and tribological properties can be limiting. This study focuses on the development of an artificial intelligence model using ANFIS to predict the wear volume of PLA composites under various conditions. The model was built on data gathered from tribological experiments involving PLA green composites with different weight fractions of date particles. These samples were annealed for different durations to eliminate residual stresses from 3D printing and then subjected to tribological tests under varying normal loads and sliding distances. Mechanical properties and finite element models were also analyzed to better understand the tribological results and evaluate the load-carrying capacity of the PLA composites. The ANFIS model demonstrated excellent compatibility and robustness in predicting wear volume, with an average percentage error of less than 0.01% compared to experimental results. This study highlights the potential of heat-treated PLA green composites for improved tribological performance in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamer Albahkali
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S. Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt
| | - Omar Salah
- Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering, Assuit University, Assuit 71515, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Fouly
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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8
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Taha M, Fouly A, Abdo HS, Alnaser IA, Abouzeid R, Nabhan A. Unveiling the Potential of Rice Straw Nanofiber-Reinforced HDPE for Biomedical Applications: Investigating Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:366. [PMID: 37504861 PMCID: PMC10381549 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient utilization of rice waste has the potential to significantly contribute to environmental sustainability by minimizing the waste impact on the environment. Through repurposing such waste, novel materials can be developed for various biomedical applications. This approach not only mitigates waste, but it also promotes the adoption of sustainable materials within the industry. In this research, rice-straw-derived nanofibers (RSNFs) were utilized as a reinforcement material for high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The rice-straw-derived nanofibers were incorporated at different concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4 wt.%) into the HDPE. The composites were fabricated using twin-screw extrusion (to ensure homogenous distribution) and the injection-molding process (to crease the test samples). Then, the mechanical strengths and frictional performances of the bio-composites were assessed. Different characterization techniques were utilized to investigate the morphology of the RSNFs. Thermal analyses (TGA/DTG/DSC), the contact angle, and XRD were utilized to study the performances of the HDPE/RSNF composites. The study findings demonstrated that the addition of RSNFs as a reinforcement to the HDPE improved the hydrophilicity, strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the proposed bio-composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taha
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Sadat Road, Aswan 81511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fouly
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alnaser
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ragab Abouzeid
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ahmed Nabhan
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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9
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Alam MA, Samad UA, Anis A, Sherif ESM, Abdo HS, Al-Zahrani SM. The Effect of Zirconia Nanoparticles on Thermal, Mechanical, and Corrosion Behavior of Nanocomposite Epoxy Coatings on Steel Substrates. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4813. [PMID: 37445127 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles (1-3 wt.%) were incorporated into the epoxy matrix using the ultra-sonication mixing method of dispersion to manufacture nanocomposite coatings. An automatic applicator was used to prepare the coating samples on a stainless steel substrate. The influence of ZrO2 nanoparticles on the physicochemical characteristics of epoxy coatings was evaluated using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermos-gravimetric analysis (TGA), elastic modulus, and micro-hardness measurement with the nano-indentation technique. The corrosion stability during immersion in 3.5% NaCl solution was monitored using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). All ZrO2-containing coatings showed better corrosion stability and adhesion than pure epoxy coating. Epoxy coating incorporated with 2% ZrO2 exhibited the greatest values of corrosion resistance and adhesion due to the effect of nanoparticle properties and their better de-agglomeration in the epoxy matrix than pure epoxy coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asif Alam
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ubair Abdus Samad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arfat Anis
- SABIC Polymer Research Center (SPRC), Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed M Sherif
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Al-Zahrani
- SABIC Polymer Research Center (SPRC), Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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Fouly A, Alnaser IA, Assaifan AK, Abdo HS. Developing PMMA/Coffee Husk Green Composites to Meet the Individual Requirements of People with Disabilities: Hip Spacer Case Study. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040200. [PMID: 37103290 PMCID: PMC10146844 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
When replacing a damaged artificial hip joint, treatment involves using antibiotic-laced bone cement as a spacer. One of the most popular materials used for spacers is PMMA; however, it has limitations in terms of mechanical and tribological properties. To overcome such limitations, the current paper proposes utilizing a natural filler, coffee husk, as a reinforcement for PMMA. The coffee husk filler was first prepared using the ball-milling technique. PMMA composites with varying weight fractions of coffee husk (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%) were prepared. The hardness was measured to estimate the mechanical properties of the produced composites, and the compression test was utilized to estimate the Young modulus and compressive yield strength. Furthermore, the tribological properties of the composites were evaluated by measuring the friction coefficient and wear by rubbing the composite samples against stainless steel and cow bone counterparts under different normal loads. The wear mechanisms were identified via scanning electron microscopy. Finally, a finite element model for the hip joint was built to investigate the load-carrying capacity of the composites under human loading conditions. The results show that incorporating coffee husk particles can enhance both the mechanical and tribological properties of the PMMA composites. The finite element results are consistent with the experimental findings, indicating the potential of the coffee husk as a promising filler material for enhancing the performance of PMMA-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fouly
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Alnaser
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz K Assaifan
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt
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11
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Alnaser IA, Abdo HS, Abdo MS, Alkalla M, Fouly A. Effect of Synthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanofibers Weight Fraction on the Tribological Characteristics of Magnesium Nanocomposites Used in Biomedical Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:294. [PMID: 36678046 PMCID: PMC9864214 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical applications, such as artificial implants, are very significant for the disabled due to their usage in orthopedics. Nevertheless, available materials in such applications have insufficient mechanical and tribological properties. The current study investigated the mechanical and tribological properties of a biomedical metallic material, magnesium (Mg), after incorporating titanium dioxide nanofibers (TiO2) with different loading fractions. The TiO2 nanofibers were synthesized using the electrospinning technique. The ball-milling technique was utilized to ensure the homogenous distribution of TiO2 nanofibers inside the Mg matrix. Then, samples of the mixed powder with different loading fractions of TiO2 nanofibers, 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt.%, were fabricated using a high-frequency induction heat sintering technique. The physicomechanical and tribological properties of the produced Mg/TiO2 nanocomposites were evaluated experimentally. Results showed an enhancement in mechanical properties and wear resistance accompanied by an increase in the weight fraction of TiO2 nanofibers up to 5%. A finite element model was built to assess the load-carrying capacity of the Mg/TiO2 composite to estimate different contact stresses during the frictional process. The finite element results showed an agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Alnaser
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S. Abdo
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Abdo
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alkalla
- Mechatronics Engineering and Intelligent Machines, School of Engineering, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fouly
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Fouly A, Assaifan AK, Alnaser IA, Hussein OA, Abdo HS. Evaluating the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic-Acid (PLA) Green-Composite for Artificial Implant: Hip Joint Case Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235299. [PMID: 36501692 PMCID: PMC9738854 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial implants are very essential for the disabled as they are utilized for bone and joint function in orthopedics. However, materials used in such implants suffer from restricted mechanical and tribological properties besides the difficulty of using such materials with complex structures. The current study works on developing a new polymer green composite that can be used for artificial implants and allow design flexibility through its usage with 3D printing technology. Therefore, a natural filler extracted from corn cob (CC) was prepared, mixed homogeneously with the Polylactic-acid (PLA), and passed through a complete process to produce a green composite filament suit 3D printer. The corn cob particles were incorporated with PLA with different weight fractions zero, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of the PLA-CC composites were evaluated. 3D finite element models were constructed to evaluate the PLA-CC composites performance on a real condition implant, hip joints, and through the frictional process. Incorporating corn cob inside PLA revealed an enhancement in the hardness (10%), stiffness (6%), compression ultimate strength (12%), and wear resistance (150%) of the proposed PLA-CC composite. The finite element results of both models proved an enhancement in the load-carrying capacity of the composite. The finite element results came in line with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fouly
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdulaziz K. Assaifan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Alnaser
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A. Hussein
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S. Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt
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Fouly A, Abdo HS, Seikh AH, Alluhydan K, Alkhammash HI, Alnaser IA, Abdo MS. Evaluation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Corn Cob-Reinforced Epoxy-Based Composites-Theoretical and Experimental Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244407. [PMID: 34960957 PMCID: PMC8708124 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxy is considered to be the most popular polymer and is widely used in various engineering applications. However, environmental considerations require natural materials-based epoxy. This necessity results in further utilization of natural materials as a natural reinforcement for different types of composites. Corn cob is an example of a natural material that can be considered as an agricultural waste. The objective of the present work is to improve the economic feasibility of corn cob by converting the original corn cob material into powder to be utilized in reinforcing epoxy-based composites. In the experiment, the corn cob was crushed and ground using a grain miller before it was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corn cob powder was added to the epoxy with different weight fractions (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 wt%). In order to prevent corn cob powder agglomeration and ensure homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement inside the epoxy, the ultrasonic technique and a mechanical stirrer were used. Then, the composite's chemical compositions were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical experiments showed an improvement in the Young's modulus and compressive yield strength of the epoxy composites, increasing corn cob up to 8 wt% by 21.26% and 22.22%, respectively. Furthermore, tribological tests revealed that reinforcing epoxy with 8 wt% corn cob can decrease the coefficient of friction by 35% and increase wear resistance by 4.8%. A finite element model for the frictional process was constructed to identify different contact stresses and evaluate the load-carrying capacity of the epoxy composites. The finite element model showed agreement with the experimental results. An epoxy containing 8 wt% corn cob demonstrated the optimal mechanical and tribological properties. The rubbed surfaces were investigated by SEM to identify the wear mechanism of different composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fouly
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (I.A.A.)
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Hany S. Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.); (A.H.S.)
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt
| | - Asiful H. Seikh
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Khalid Alluhydan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Hend I. Alkhammash
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim A. Alnaser
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed S. Abdo
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
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14
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Alruwashid FS, Dar MA, Alharthi NH, Abdo HS, Almotairy S. The synthesis and characterization of graphene-based cobalt ferrite nanocomposite materials and its electrochemical properties. Appl Nanosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Alruwashid FS, Dar MA, Alharthi NH, Abdo HS. Effect of Graphene Concentration on the Electrochemical Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanocomposite Materials. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2523. [PMID: 34684964 PMCID: PMC8538039 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A two-step process was applied to synthesize the cobalt ferrite-graphene composite materials in a one-pot hydrothermal reaction process. Graphene Oxide (GO) was synthesized by a modified Hummer's method. The synthesized composite materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD and FTIR results were in good agreement with the TGA/DTG observations. SEM and TEM disclosed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles in 4-10 nm. The optimized CoFe2O4-G (1-5 wt.%) composite materials samples were tried for their conductivity, supercapacity, and corrosion properties. The CV results demonstrated a distinctive behavior of the supercapacitor, while the modified CoFe2O4-G (5 wt.%) electrode demonstrated a strong reduction in the Rct value (~94 Ω). The highest corrosion current density valves and corrosion rates were attained in the CoFe2O4-G (5 wt.%) composite materials as 5.53 and 0.20, respectively. The high conductivity of graphene that initiated the poor corrosion rate of the CoFe2O4-graphene composite materials could be accredited to the high conductivity and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas S. Alruwashid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.A.); (N.H.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Saudi University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Mushtaq A. Dar
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Saudi University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Nabeel H. Alharthi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.A.); (N.H.A.)
| | - Hany S. Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Saudi University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; or
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt
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Abdo HS, Seikh AH. Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Laser Welded S32520 Duplex Stainless Steel. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14195532. [PMID: 34639928 PMCID: PMC8509326 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates an experimental design of laser butt welding of S32520 duplex stainless steel, which has been passed out with the help of a pulsed Nd: YAG laser supply. The intention of the present research is to learn the impact of beam diameter, welding speed, and laser power on the superiority of the butt weld. The individuality of butt joints has been characterized in terms of tensile properties, fractography, and hardness. It was noticed that unbalanced particle orientations indirectly produce a comparatively fragile quality in the laser welded joint. The outcome of varying process parameters and interaction effect of process parameters on ultimate tensile strength and micro hardness were studied through analysis of experimental data. With different process parameters, the heat energy delivered to the material was changed, which was reflected in tensile strength measurement for different welded samples. From this present research, it was shown that, up to a certain level, an increase in process parameters amplified the tensile strength, but after that, certain level tensile strength decreased with the increase in process parameters. When process parameters exceeded that certain level, the required amount of heat energy was not delivered to the material, resulting in low bead width and less penetration, thus producing less strength in the welded joint. Less strength leads to more ductile weld joints. Microhardness was higher in the weld zone than in the base region of welded samples. However, the heat affected zone had a high microhardness range.
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Ahmed AH, Sherif ESM, Abdo HS, Gad ES. Ethanedihydrazide as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Iron in 3.5% NaCl Solutions. ACS Omega 2021; 6:14525-14532. [PMID: 34124475 PMCID: PMC8190908 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Corrosion of iron in sodium chloride (3.5% wt) solutions and its inhibition by ethanedihydrazide (EH) have been reported. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP), and change of current with time at -475 mV (Ag/AgCl) measurements were employed in this study. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques were utilized to report surface morphology and elemental analysis, respectively. The presence of 5 × 10-5 M EH was found to inhibit the corrosion of iron, and the effect of inhibition profoundly increased with an increase in EH concentration up to 1 × 10-4 M and further to 5 × 10-4 M. The low values of corrosion current and high corrosion resistance, which were obtained from the EIS, CPP, and change of current with time experiments, affirmed the adequacy of EH as a corrosion inhibitor for iron. Surface investigations demonstrated that the chloride solution without EH molecules causes severe corrosion, while the coexistence of EH within the chloride solution greatly minimizes the acuteness of chloride, particularly pitting corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman H. Ahmed
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Gurayat, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar
University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M. Sherif
- Center
of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), College
of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Al-Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S. Abdo
- Center
of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), College
of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Al-Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical
Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt
| | - Ehab Said Gad
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Gurayat, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar
University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Aijaz MO, Karim MR, Alharbi HF, Alharthi NH, Al-Mubaddel FS, Abdo HS. Magnetic/Polyetherimide-Acrylonitrile Composite Nanofibers for Nickel Ion Removal from Aqueous Solution. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:50. [PMID: 33445745 PMCID: PMC7828186 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a magnetic/polyetherimide-acrylonitrile composite nanofiber membrane with effective adsorption of nickel ions in an aqueous solution was created using a simple electrospinning method. Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were stirred and ultrasonically dispersed into a polyetherimide-acrylonitrile solution to create a homogenous NPs suspension, which was placed in an electrospinning machine to produce a uniform and smooth nanofiber composite membrane. Nanoparticle incorporation into this membrane was confirmed using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and NPs aqueous stability from a leaching test. The high adsorption capability of the membrane on nickel ions was attributed to the combination of magnetic NPs, polyetherimide-acrylonitrile matrix, and the nanostructure of the membrane. A membrane containing magnetic NPs demonstrated the maximum adsorption capabilities (102 mg/g) of nickel ions in an aqueous solution. Various kinetic and isotherm models were applied to understand the adsorption behavior, such as pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. A polyetherimide-acrylonitrile composite nanofiber membrane containing magnetic NPs could be used as an environmentally friendly and nontoxic adsorbent for the removal of nickel ions in an aqueous medium due to its ease of preparation and use and stability in aqueous mediums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Omer Aijaz
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering (SCEE), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Karim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad F. Alharbi
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (N.H.A.)
| | - Nabeel H. Alharthi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (N.H.A.)
| | - Fahad S. Al-Mubaddel
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hany S. Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt;
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Almotairy SM, Alharthi NH, Alharbi HF, Abdo HS. Superior Mechanical Performance of Inductively Sintered Al/SiC Nanocomposites Processed by Novel Milling Route. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10368. [PMID: 32587361 PMCID: PMC7316737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper explores new routes for flake powder metallurgy, with the aim of designing an effective route for fabricating metal matrix nanocomposites, combining high strength and good ductility. A new route that uses three speeds, instead of the two speeds characterizing the shift-speed ball milling (SSBM) route, has been suggested and implemented. The mechanisms of these routes were illustrated based on the intensity of ball-powder-ball collisions and the morphology evolution. The ball milled powder were characterized using filed emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to investigate the morphology evolution of the composites powder and the homogenous distribution of the SiC nanoparticles within the Al matrix. The reinforcing adequacy and interfacial bonding of 2 wt.% SiC nanoparticles in an inductively sintered composite has been investigated. Mechanical testing of the produced bulk composites resulted in achieving superior mechanical properties, characterized by 92% higher hardness, 180% higher yield strength, 101% higher ultimate strength, and 0% loss in uniform elongation, compared with those of regular SSBM. This is attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of the reinforcement into the Al matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud M Almotairy
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nabeel H Alharthi
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia.,Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Al-Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad F Alharbi
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia.,Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Al-Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia.,Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, 81521, Egypt
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20
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Sherif ESM, Abdo HS, Abedin SZE. Corrosion Inhibition of Cast Iron in Arabian Gulf Seawater by Two Different Ionic Liquids. Materials (Basel) 2015; 8:3883-3895. [PMID: 28793413 PMCID: PMC5455627 DOI: 10.3390/ma8073883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report on the corrosion inhibition of cast iron in Arabian Gulf seawater by two different ionic liquids namely, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIm]Cl) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride ([Py1,4]Cl). The inhibiting influence of the employed ionic liquids was investigated by weight loss, open circuit potential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization. The results show the corrosion inhibition impact of the employed ionic liquids (ILs). Compared with [Py1,4]Cl, [EMIm]Cl shows a higher inhibition efficiency at a short immersion time, for the examined ILs concentrations. However, [Py1,4]Cl exhibits a higher efficiency upon increasing the immersion time indicating the persistence of the inhibiting influence. The corrosion inhibition of the employed ionic liquids is attributed to the adsorption of the cations of the ionic liquids onto the surface of cast iron forming a corrosion barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M Sherif
- Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Advanced Manufacturing Institute (AMI), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Al-Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
- Electrochemistry and Corrosion Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El Bohouth St. 33, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Hany S Abdo
- Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Advanced Manufacturing Institute (AMI), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Al-Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Zein El Abedin
- Electrochemistry and Corrosion Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El Bohouth St. 33, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 6, Clausthal-Zellerfeld D-38678, Germany.
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Omran A, Woo KD, Kang DS, Abdel-Gaber G, Fouad H, Abdo HS, Khalil KA. Fabrication and evaluation of porous Ti–HA bio-nanomaterial by leaching process. ARAB J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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22
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Almajhdi FN, Fouad H, Khalil KA, Awad HM, Mohamed SHS, Elsarnagawy T, Albarrag AM, Al-Jassir FF, Abdo HS. In-vitro anticancer and antimicrobial activities of PLGA/silver nanofiber composites prepared by electrospinning. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2014; 25:1045-1053. [PMID: 24375170 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a series of 0, 1 and 7 wt% silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) incorporated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nano-fibers were synthesized by the electrospinning process. The PLGA/Ag nano-fibers sheets were characterized using SEM, TEM and DSC analyses. The three synthesized PLGA/silver nano-fiber composites were screened for anticancer activity against liver cancer cell line using MTT and LDH assays. The anticancer activity of PLGA nano-fibers showed a remarkable improvement due to increasing the concentration of the Ag NPs. In addition to the given result, PLGA nano-fibers did not show any cytotoxic effect. However, PLGA nano-fibers that contain 1 % nano silver showed anticancer activity of 8.8 %, through increasing the concentration of the nano silver to 7 % onto PLGA nano-fibers, the anticancer activity was enhanced to a 67.6 %. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of these three nano-fibers, against the five bacteria strains namely; E.coli o157:H7 ATCC 51659, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565, Bacillus cereus EMCC 1080, Listeria monocytogenes EMCC 1875 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC25566 using the disc diffusion method, were evaluated. Sample with an enhanced inhibitory effect was PLGA/Ag NPs (7 %) which inhibited all strains (inhibition zone diameter 10 mm); PLGA/Ag NPs (1 %) sample inhibited only one strain (B. cereus) with zone diameter 8 mm. The PLGA nano-fiber sample has not shown any antimicrobial activity. Based on the anticancer as well as the antimicrobial results in this study, it can be postulated that: PLGA nanofibers containing 7 % nano silver are suitable as anticancer- and antibiotic-drug delivery systems, as they will increase the anticancer as well as the antibiotic drug potency without cytotoxicity effect on the normal cells. These findings also suggest that Ag NPs, of the size (5-10 nm) evaluated in the present study, are appropriate for therapeutic application from a safety standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad N Almajhdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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