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Williams TJ, Daboin C, Kim P, Guo F, de Figueiredo P, Alge DL. Enzyme-functionalized alginate microparticles enable anaerobic culture under ambient oxygen. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:219-227. [PMID: 37807712 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Methods for culturing oxygen-sensitive cells and organisms under anaerobic conditions are vital to biotechnology research. Here, we report a biomaterial-based platform for anaerobic culture that consists of glucose oxidase (GOX) functionalized alginate microparticles (ALG-GOX), which are designed to deplete dissolved [O2 ] through enzymatic activity. ALG-GOX microparticles were synthesized via a water-in-oil emulsion and had a size of 132.0 ± 51.4 µm. Despite having a low storage modulus, the microparticles remained stable under aqueous conditions due to covalent crosslinking through amide bonds. Enzyme activity was tunable based on the loaded GOX concentration, with a maximum activity of 3.6 ± 0.3 units/mg of microparticles being achieved at an initial loading concentration of 5 mg/mL of GOX in alginate precursor solution. High enzyme activity in ALG-GOX microparticles resulted in rapid oxygen depletion, producing a suitable environment for anaerobic culture. Microparticles loaded with both GOX and catalase (ALG-GOX-CAT) to reduce H2 O2 buildup exhibited sustained activity for potential long-term anaerobic culture. ALG-GOX-CAT microparticles were highly effective for the anaerobic culture of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, with 10 mg/mL of ALG-GOX-CAT microparticles supporting the same level of growth in an aerobic environment compared to an anaerobic chamber after 16 h (8.70 ± 0.96 and 10.03 ± 1.03 million CFU, respectively; N.S. p = 0.07). These microparticles could be a valuable tool for research and development in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrell J Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Daboin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fengguang Guo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Paul de Figueiredo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel L Alge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Wan X, Yang Q, Wang X, Bai Y, Liu Z. Isolation and Cultivation of Human Gut Microorganisms: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1080. [PMID: 37110502 PMCID: PMC10141110 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial resources from the human gut may find use in various applications, such as empirical research on the microbiome, the development of probiotic products, and bacteriotherapy. Due to the development of "culturomics", the number of pure bacterial cultures obtained from the human gut has significantly increased since 2012. However, there is still a considerable number of human gut microbes to be isolated and cultured. Thus, to improve the efficiency of obtaining microbial resources from the human gut, some constraints of the current methods, such as labor burden, culture condition, and microbial targetability, still need to be optimized. Here, we overview the general knowledge and recent development of culturomics for human gut microorganisms. Furthermore, we discuss the optimization of several parts of culturomics including sample collection, sample processing, isolation, and cultivation, which may improve the current strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yun Bai
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
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Soundaram Jeevarathinam A, Saleem W, Martin N, Hu C, McShane MJ. NIR Luminescent Oxygen-Sensing Nanoparticles for Continuous Glucose and Lactate Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13010141. [PMID: 36671976 PMCID: PMC9855917 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive, biocompatible, and scalable phosphorescent oxygen sensor formulation is designed and evaluated for use in continuous metabolite sensors for biological systems. Ethyl cellulose (EC) and polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized with Pluronic F68 (PF 68), Polydimethylsiloxane-b-polyethyleneglycol methyl ether (PDMS-PEG), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), and cetyltimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were prepared and studied. The resulting NPs with eight different surfactant−polymer matrix combinations were evaluated for physical properties, oxygen sensitivity, effect of changes in dispersion matrix, and cytotoxicity. The EC NPs exhibited a narrower size distribution and 40% higher sensitivity than PS, with Stern−Volmer constants (Ksv) 0.041−0.052 µM−1 for EC, compared to 0.029−0.034 µM−1 for PS. Notably, ethyl cellulose NPs protected with PF68 were selected as the preferred formulation, as they were not cytotoxic towards 3T3 fibroblasts and exhibited a wide phosphorescence lifetime response of >211.1 µs over 258−0 µM and ~100 µs over 2.58−0 µM oxygen, with a limit of detection (LoD) of oxygen in aqueous phase of 0.0016 µM. The EC-PF68 NPs were then efficiently encapsulated in alginate microparticles along with glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase (CAT) to form phosphorescent nanoparticles-in-microparticle (NIMs) glucose sensing microdomains. The fabricated glucose sensors showed a sensitivity of 0.40 µs dL mg−1 with a dynamic phosphorescence lifetime range of 46.6−197.1 µs over 0−150 mg dL−1 glucose, with a glucose LoD of 18.3 mg dL−1 and maximum distinguishable concentration of 111.1 mg dL−1. Similarly, lactate sensors were prepared with NIMs microdomains containing lactate oxidase (LOx) and found to have a detection range of 0−14 mg dL−1 with LoD of 1.8 mg dL−1 and maximum concentration of 13.7 mg dL−1 with lactate sensitivity of 10.7 µs dL mg−1. Owing to its versatility, the proposed NIMs-based design can be extended to a wide range of metabolites and different oxygen-sensing dyes with different excitation wavelengths based on specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waqas Saleem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Nya Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Connie Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Michael J. McShane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
- Correspondence: (M.J.M.)
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Yu S, Sun H, Li Y, Wei S, Xu J, Liu J. Hydrogels as promising platforms for engineered living bacteria-mediated therapeutic systems. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100435. [PMID: 36164505 PMCID: PMC9508596 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea of using engineered bacteria as prospective living therapeutic agents for the treatment of different diseases has been raised. Nevertheless, the development of safe and effective treatment strategies remains essential to the success of living bacteria-mediated therapy. Hydrogels have presented great promise for the delivery of living bacterial therapeutics due to their tunable physicochemical properties, good bioactivities, and excellent protection of labile payloads. In this review, we summarize the hydrogel design strategies for living bacteria-mediated therapy and review the recent advances in hydrogel-based living bacterial agent delivery for the treatment of typical diseases, including those for digestive health, skin fungal infections, wound healing, vaccines, and cancer, and discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of these strategies in the field. It is believed that the importance of hydrogel-based living bacteria-mediated therapy is expected to further increase with the development of both synthetic biology and biomaterials science in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Yu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcheng Sun
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongguang Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Wei
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Velasco-Lozano S, Castro SAD, Sanchez-Cano C, Benítez-Mateos AI, López-Gallego F, Salassa L. Metal substrate catalysis in the confined space for platinum drug delivery. Chem Sci 2021; 13:59-67. [PMID: 35059151 PMCID: PMC8694326 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05151b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalysis-based approaches for the activation of anticancer agents hold considerable promise. These principally rely on the use of metal catalysts capable of deprotecting inactive precursors of organic drugs or transforming key biomolecules available in the cellular environment. Nevertheless, the efficiency of most of the schemes described so far is rather low, limiting the benefits of catalytic amplification as strategy for controlling the therapeutic effects of anticancer compounds. In the work presented here, we show that flavin reactivity within a hydrogel matrix provides a viable solution for the efficient catalytic activation and delivery of cisplatin, a worldwide clinically-approved inorganic chemotherapy agent. This is achieved by ionically adsorbing a flavin catalyst and a Pt(iv) prodrug as substrate into porous amino-functionalized agarose beads. The hydrogel chassis supplies high local concentrations of electron donating groups/molecules in the surrounding of the catalyst, ultimately boosting substrate conversion rates (TOF >200 min-1) and enabling controlled liberation of the drug by light or chemical stimuli. Overall, this approach can afford platforms for the efficient delivery of platinum drugs as demonstrated herein by using a transdermal diffusion model simulating the human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Velasco-Lozano
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramon 182 San Sebastián 20014 Spain
| | | | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramon 182 San Sebastián 20014 Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 Donostia 20018 Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao 48011 Spain
| | - Ana I Benítez-Mateos
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramon 182 San Sebastián 20014 Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramon 182 San Sebastián 20014 Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao 48011 Spain
| | - Luca Salassa
- Donostia International Physics Center Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 Donostia 20018 Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao 48011 Spain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 Donostia 20018 Spain
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