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Hirotani T, Nagase K. Temperature-modulated separation of vascular cells using thermoresponsive-anionic block copolymer-modified glass. Regen Ther 2024; 27:259-267. [PMID: 38601885 PMCID: PMC11004074 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vascular tissue engineering is a key technology in the field of regenerative medicine. In tissue engineering, the separation of vascular cells without cell modification is required, as cell modifications affect the intrinsic properties of the cells. In this study, we have developed an effective method for separating vascular cells without cell modification, using a thermoresponsive anionic block copolymer. Methods A thermoresponsive anionic block copolymer, poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly(N-isopropylacryl-amide) (PAAc-b-PNIPAAm), with various PNIPAAm segment lengths, was prepared in two steps: atom transfer radical polymerization and subsequent deprotection. Normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), normal human dermal fibroblasts, and human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were seeded onto the prepared thermoresponsive anionic block copolymer brush-modified glass. The adhesion behavior of cells on the copolymer brush was observed at 37 °C and 20 °C. Results A thermoresponsive anionic block copolymer, poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PAAc-b-PNIPAAm), with various PNIPAAm segment lengths was prepared. The prepared copolymer-modified glass exhibited anionic properties attributed to the bottom PAAc segment of the copolymer brush. On the PAAc-b-PNIPAAm, which had a moderate PNIPAAm length, a high adhesion ratio of HUVECs and low adhesion ratio of SMCs were observed at 37 °C. By reducing temperature from 37 °C to 20 °C, the adhered HUVECs were detached, whereas the SMCs maintained adhesion, leading to the recovery of purified HUVECs by changing the temperature. Conclusions The prepared thermoresponsive anionic copolymer-modified glass could be used to separate HUVECs and SMCs by changing the temperature without modifying the cell surface. Therefore, the developed cell separation method will be useful for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Hirotani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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Pascouau C, Schweitzer M, Besenius P. Supramolecular Assembly and Thermogelation Strategies Using Peptide-Polymer Conjugates. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2659-2678. [PMID: 38663862 PMCID: PMC11095398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Peptide-polymer conjugates (PPCs) are of particular interest in the development of responsive, adaptive, and interactive materials due to the benefits offered by combining both building blocks and components. This review presents pioneering work as well as recent advances in the design of peptide-polymer conjugates, with a specific focus on their thermoresponsive behavior. This unique class of materials has shown great promise in the development of supramolecular structures with physicochemical properties that are modulated using soft and biorthogonal external stimuli. The temperature-induced self-assembly of PPCs into various supramolecular architectures, gelation processes, and tuning of accessible processing parameters to biologically relevant temperature windows are described. The discussion covers the chemical design of the conjugates, the supramolecular driving forces involved, and the mutual influence of the polymer and peptide segments. Additionally, some selected examples for potential biomedical applications of thermoresponsive PPCs in tissue engineering, delivery systems, tumor therapy, and biosensing are highlighted, as well as perspectives on future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Pascouau
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 1014, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maren Schweitzer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 1014, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 1014, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Nagase K. Bioanalytical technologies using temperature-responsive polymers. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:827-841. [PMID: 38584205 PMCID: PMC11035477 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, various bioanalytical technologies have been investigated for appropriate medical treatment and effective therapy. Temperature-responsive chromatography is a promising bioanalytical technology owing to its functional properties. Temperature-responsive chromatography uses a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm) modified stationary phase as the column packing material. The hydrophobic interactions between PNIPAAm and the analyte could be modulated by changing the column temperature because of the temperature-responsive hydrophobicity of PNIPAAm. Thus, the chromatography system does not require organic solvents in the mobile phase, making it suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring in medical settings such as hospitals. This review summarizes recent developments in temperature-responsive chromatography systems for therapeutic drug monitoring applications. In addition, separation methods for antibody drugs using PNIPAAm are also summarized because these methods apply to the therapeutic drug monitoring of biopharmaceutics. The temperature-responsive chromatography systems can also be utilized for clinical diagnosis, as they can assess multiple medicines simultaneously. This highlights the significant potential of temperature-responsive chromatography in medicine and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
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Zheng X, Ai H, Qian K, Li G, Zhang S, Zou Y, Lei C, Fu W, Hu S. Small extracellular vesicles purification and scale-up. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344681. [PMID: 38469310 PMCID: PMC10925713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by cells. With advances in the study of sEVs, they have shown great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, sEV therapy usually requires a certain dose and purity of sEVs to achieve the therapeutic effect, but the existing sEV purification technology exists in the form of low yield, low purity, time-consuming, complex operation and many other problems, which greatly limits the application of sEVs. Therefore, how to obtain high-purity and high-quality sEVs quickly and efficiently, and make them realize large-scale production is a major problem in current sEV research. This paper discusses how to improve the purity and yield of sEVs from the whole production process of sEVs, including the upstream cell line selection and cell culture process, to the downstream isolation and purification, quality testing and the final storage technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Gongli Hospital Medical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongru Ai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Gongli Hospital Medical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewen Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yitan Zou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhai Lei
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Fu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Fahe Life Science and Technology Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Gongli Hospital Medical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Yu J, Wei Y, Cui Z, Tian J, Cai H, Zhang W. Thermosensitive Capturer Coupled with the CD63 Aptamer for Highly Efficient Isolation of Exosomes. ACS Macro Lett 2024:195-200. [PMID: 38261001 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are bioactive substances secreted by various cells that play a crucial role in cell communication. Due to their nanoscale size and interference from nonexosome proteins, the rapid capture and nondestructive release of exosomes remain a technical challenge which significantly hinders their biomedical application. To overcome this obstacle, we have designed a CD63 aptamer-based thermosensitive copolymer for the effective isolation of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A thermal-responsive copolymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methacrylate-co-N-hydroxysuccinimide methacrylate) P(NIPAM-co-BMA-co-NHSMA, PNB), was prepared, which could realize reversible hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase transition by varying temperature. Then, CD63 aptamers were further modified to the copolymer to form the PNB-aptamer, where the aptamer units, acting as a "lock and key", specifically bind exosomes. Under the low critical solution temperature (LCST) of the PNB-aptamer, it can maintain a hydrophilic state, capturing exosomes from the cell culture medium. Subsequently, exosome-carrying PNB-aptamers can endure from hydrophilic to hydrophobic phase transition by increasing the temperature above its LCST, and then they can be collected after centrifugation. By introducing the complementary sequence of the CD63 aptamer, the stronger binding affinity between the complementary sequence and the aptamers facilitates the release of exosomes from the PNB-aptamer. The yield of exosome samples captured from a MSC culture medium by the PNB-aptamer system (around 62%) is considerably higher than that obtained by the current "gold standard" ultrafiltration (UC) approach (around 42%). Thus, the PNB-aptamer capturer provides a potential strategy for highly efficient exosome isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zepeng Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jia Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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