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Marimuthu S, Prabhakaran Shyma A, Sathyanarayanan S, Gopal T, James JT, Nagalingam SP, Gunaseelan B, Babu S, Sellappan R, Grace AN. The dawn of MXene duo: revolutionizing perovskite solar cells with MXenes through computational and experimental methods. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10108-10141. [PMID: 38722253 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Integrating MXene into perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has heralded a new era of efficient and stable photovoltaic devices owing to their supreme electrical conductivity, excellent carrier mobility, adjustable surface functional groups, excellent transparency and superior mechanical properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the experimental and computational techniques employed in the synthesis, characterization, coating techniques and performance optimization of MXene additive in electrodes, hole transport layer (HTL), electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite photoactive layer of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Experimentally, the synthesis of MXene involves various methods, such as selective etching of MAX phases and subsequent delamination. At the same time, characterization techniques encompass X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which elucidate the structural and chemical properties of MXene. Experimental strategies for fabricating PSCs involving MXene include interfacial engineering, charge transport enhancement, and stability improvement. On the computational front, density functional theory calculations, drift-diffusion modelling, and finite element analysis are utilized to understand MXene's electronic structure, its interface with perovskite, and the transport mechanisms within the devices. This review serves as a roadmap for researchers to leverage a diverse array of experimental and computational methods in harnessing the potential of MXene for advanced PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Marimuthu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arunkumar Prabhakaran Shyma
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shriswaroop Sathyanarayanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Tamilselvi Gopal
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jaimson T James
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Suruthi Priya Nagalingam
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Bharath Gunaseelan
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sivasri Babu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Raja Sellappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Andrews Nirmala Grace
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Deb VK, Jain U. Ti 3C 2 (MXene), an advanced carrier system: role in photothermal, photoacoustic, enhanced drugs delivery and biological activity in cancer therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01572-3. [PMID: 38713400 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of healthcare and the advancing field of medical sciences, the development of efficient drug delivery systems become an immense promise to cure several diseases. Despite considerable advancements in drug delivery systems, numerous challenges persist, necessitating further enhancements to optimize patient outcomes. Smart nano-carriers, for instance, 2D sheets nano-carriers are the recently emerging nanosheets that may garner attention for targeted delivery of bioactive compounds, drugs, and genes to kill cancer cells. Within these advancements, Ti3C2TX-MXene, characterized as a two-dimensional transition metal carbide, has surfaced as a prominent intelligent nanocarrier within nanomedicine. Its noteworthy characteristics facilitated it as an ideal nanocarrier for cancer therapy. In recent advancements in drug delivery research, Ti3C2TX-MXene 2D nanocarriers have been designed to release drugs in response to specific stimuli, guided by distinct physicochemical parameters. This review emphasized the multifaceted role of Ti3C2TX-MXene as a potential carrier for delivering poorly hydrophilic drugs to cancer cells, facilitated by various polymer coatings. Furthermore, beyond drug delivery, this smart nanocarrier demonstrates utility in photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, further highlighting its significant role in cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar Deb
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
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C D, A G, Igk I, S V, S B. Graphene-Functionalized Titanium Carbide Synthesis and Characterization and Its Cytotoxic Effect on Cancer Cell Lines. Cureus 2024; 16:e61049. [PMID: 38915990 PMCID: PMC11195330 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Graphene is a versatile material with promising applications in various fields such as electronics, energy, biomedicine, and the environment due to its exceptional mechanical strength, thermal and electrical conductivity, transparency, and chemical stability. Graphene has been extensively used in biological and medical settings. MXene is a two-dimensional (2D) material that exhibits a strong affinity for water and electrical conductivity because of its surface terminations (oxygen {-O}, fluorine {-F}, and hydroxyl {-OH}) and transition metal carbide or nitride. MXene has attracted significant attention recently for its wide range of applications and unique properties. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of graphene-functionalized MXene. Furthermore, we investigated its cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines. The characterization of graphene-functionalized MXene is carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) assays. Materials and methods Graphene powder was finely ground in isopropyl alcohol and then sonicated for two hours to produce solution A. MXene was synthesized by reacting titanium aluminum carbide (Ti3AlC3) with hydrofluoric acid (HF). A mixture of Ti3AlC3 and HF was heated to 40°C with continuous stirring for 24 hours to form solution B. Subsequently, solutions A and B were combined and stirred for 30 minutes. The resulting mixture was transferred to a hydrothermal reactor and maintained at 180°C for 12 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the resulting material was cooled to room temperature and purified through washing with distilled water, ethanol, and acetone. The sample was then dried at 80°C for 12 hours. Results The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirms the formation of graphene-functionalized titanium carbide (Ti3C2). The sharp peaks indicate a highly crystalline nature. Graphene is a sheet-like structure with numerous gaps. Particles exhibit a multitude of voids and pores on their surfaces. Upon incorporation, graphene displays a small sheet-like structure. Graphene-functionalized titanium carbide confirms the presence of distinct layered or sheet-like structures stacked together. Following the addition of the material, some cancer cells are eradicated, and they exhibit increased biocompatibility, demonstrating anticancer activity. Conclusion Graphene-functionalized titanium carbide has been successfully synthesized and characterized, as evidenced by various analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and methyl-thiazoldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assays. The cytotoxic impact of the synthesized graphene-functionalized titanium carbide on cancer cell lines was examined. The findings reveal a notable cytotoxic effect, indicating its potential as an anticancer agent. Further research in collaboration with experts from diverse fields will be crucial to advance and translate this technology into practical applications for cancer patients. Future scope Graphene and titanium carbide are promising materials for cancer research, biomedical applications, and imaging. Nevertheless, additional research is required to comprehend their mechanisms, enhance their properties, assess their safety and efficacy, and conduct clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanshi C
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Geetha A
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Ilangovar Igk
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Vasugi S
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Balachandran S
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Alghamdi NM, Fadlallah MM, Al-qahtani HM, Maarouf AA. Electronic and Molecular Adsorption Properties of Pt-Doped BC 6N: An Ab-Initio Investigation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:762. [PMID: 38727356 PMCID: PMC11085478 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In the last two decades, significant efforts have been particularly invested in two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron carbon nitride h-BxCyNz because of its unique physical and chemical characteristics. The presence of the carbon atoms lowers the large gap of its cousin structure, boron nitride (BN), making it more suitable for various applications. Here, we use density functional theory to study the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Pt-doped BC6N (Pt-BC6N, as well as its adsorption potential of small molecular gases (NO, NO2, CO2, NH3). We consider all distinct locations of the Pt atom in the supercell (B, N, and two C sites). Different adsorption locations are also considered for the pristine and Pt-doped systems. The formation energies of all Pt-doped structures are close to those of the pristine system, reflecting their stability. The pristine BC6N is semiconducting, so doping with Pt at the B and N sites gives a diluted magnetic semiconductor while doping at the C1 and C2 sites results in a smaller gap semiconductor. We find that all doped structures exhibit direct band gaps. The studied molecules are very weakly physisorbed on the pristine structure. Pt doping leads to much stronger interactions, where NO, NO2, and NH3 chemisorb on the doped systems, and CO2 physiorb, illustrating the doped systems' potential for gas purification applications. We also find that the adsorption changes the electronic and magnetic properties of the doped systems, inviting their consideration for spintronics and gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M. Alghamdi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Hind M. Al-qahtani
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail 35811, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed A. Maarouf
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City 11835, Egypt
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Zheng W, Li T, Jin F, Qian L, Ma J, Wei Z, Ma X, Wang F, Sun J, Yuan T, Wang T, Feng ZQ. Interfacial Polarization Locked Flexible β-Phase Glycine/Nb 2 CT x Piezoelectric Nanofibers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2308715. [PMID: 38412419 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomolecular piezoelectric materials show great potential in the field of wearable and implantable biomedical devices. Here, a self-assemble approach is developed to fabricating flexible β-glycine piezoelectric nanofibers with interfacial polarization locked aligned crystal domains induced by Nb2 CTx nanosheets. Acted as an effective nucleating agent, Nb2 CTx nanosheets can induce glycine to crystallize from edges toward flat surfaces on its 2D crystal plane and form a distinctive eutectic structure within the nanoconfined space. The interfacial polarization locking formed between O atom on glycine and Nb atom on Nb2 CTx is essential to align the β-glycine crystal domains with (001) crystal plane intensity extremely improved. This β-phase glycine/Nb2 CTx nanofibers (Gly-Nb2 C-NFs) exhibit fabulous mechanical flexibility with Young's modulus of 10 MPa, and an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient of 5.0 pC N-1 or piezoelectric voltage coefficient of 129 × 10-3 Vm N-1 . The interface polarization locking greatly improves the thermostability of β-glycine before melting (≈210°C). A piezoelectric sensor based on this Gly-Nb2 C-NFs is used for micro-vibration sensing in vivo in mice and exhibits excellent sensing ability. This strategy provides an effective approach for the regular crystallization modulation for glycine crystals, opening a new avenue toward the design of piezoelectric biomolecular materials induced by 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Fei Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Lili Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Juan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Zhidong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics,Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zhang-Qi Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
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Iravani S, Rabiee N, Makvandi P. Advancements in MXene-based composites for electronic skins. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:895-915. [PMID: 38194290 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
MXenes are a class of two-dimensional (2D) materials that have gained significant attention in the field of electronic skins (E-skins). MXene-based composites offer several advantages for E-skins, including high electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, transparency, and chemical stability. Their mechanical flexibility allows for conformal integration onto various surfaces, enabling the creation of E-skins that can closely mimic human skin. In addition, their high surface area facilitates enhanced sensitivity and responsiveness to external stimuli, making them ideal for sensing applications. Notably, MXene-based composites can be integrated into E-skins to create sensors that can detect various stimuli, such as temperature, pressure, strain, and humidity. These sensors can be used for a wide range of applications, including health monitoring, robotics, and human-machine interfaces. However, challenges related to scalability, integration, and biocompatibility need to be addressed. One important challenge is achieving long-term stability under harsh conditions such as high humidity. MXenes are susceptible to oxidation, which can degrade their electrical and mechanical properties over time. Another crucial challenge is the scalability of MXene synthesis, as large-scale production methods need to be developed to meet the demand for commercial applications. Notably, the integration of MXenes with other components, such as energy storage devices or flexible electronics, requires further developments to ensure compatibility and optimize overall performance. By addressing issues related to material stability, mechanical flexibility, scalability, sensing performance, and power supply, MXene-based E-skins can develop the fields of healthcare monitoring/diagnostics, prosthetics, motion monitoring, wearable electronics, and human-robot interactions. The integration of MXenes with emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence or internet of things, can unlock new functionalities and applications for E-skins, ranging from healthcare monitoring to virtual reality interfaces. This review aims to examine the challenges, advantages, and limitations of MXenes and their composites in E-skins, while also exploring the future prospects and potential advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Independent Researcher, W Nazar ST, Boostan Ave, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, 324000, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
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Buravets V, Olshtrem A, Burtsev V, Gorin O, Chertopalov S, Chumakov A, Schwartzkopf M, Lancok J, Svorcik V, Lyutakov O, Miliutina E. Plasmon assisted Ti 3C 2T x grafting and surface termination tuning for enhancement of flake stability and humidity sensing performance. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6837-6846. [PMID: 38059029 PMCID: PMC10696961 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Humidity sensors play a critical role in monitoring human activities, environmental health, food processing and storage, and many other fields. Recently, some 2D materials, particularly MXenes, have been considered as promising candidates for creating humidity sensors because of their high surface area, surface-to-bulk ratio, and excellent conductivity, arising from the high concentration and mobility of free electrons. In this work, we propose the plasmon-assisted surface modification and termination tuning of common MXene (Ti3C2Tx) to enhance their response to humidity and increase their stability against oxidation. Hydrophobic (-C6H4-CF3) and hydrophilic (-C6H4-COOH) chemical moieties were covalently grafted to the Ti3C2Tx surface using plasmon-mediated diazonium chemistry. In situ Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (GIWAXS) measurements, performed at different humidity levels indicate that surface modification significantly affects penetration of water molecules in Ti3C2Tx films. As a result, the sensitivity of the flakes to the presence of water molecules was significantly altered. Additionally, proposed surface grafting commonly proceeds on the less stable MXene surface sites, where flake oxidation commonly initiates. As a result of the modification, such "weak" and more chemically active sites were blocked and Ti3C2Tx stability was significantly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Buravets
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Anastasiia Olshtrem
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vasilii Burtsev
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Oleg Gorin
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Sergii Chertopalov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 1999/2 18200 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Andrei Chumakov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg Notkestr. 85 Germany
| | | | - Jan Lancok
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 1999/2 18200 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Svorcik
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Oleksiy Lyutakov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Elena Miliutina
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology 16628 Prague Czech Republic
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Geng X, Yang L, Song P. Application of MXene-Based Materials for Cathode in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. Chemistry 2023:e202303451. [PMID: 38050760 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have a high theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mAh ⋅ g-1 and have become the most promising high-energy storage system for the next generation batteries technology. However, their applications are hindered by insulated feature and volume expansion of sulfur, as well as the "shuttle effect" of polysulfides. MXenes own metallic conductivity and strong ability of polysulfides adsorption. Besides, their unique two-dimensional (2D) structure, large specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and adjustability are beneficial to overcome the drawbacks of the sulfur cathode. In this review, different mainstream preparation methods and excellent properties of MXenes are summarized. Significant achievements and recent progress of MXene-based cathodes and interlayers applied to Li-S cathodes are concluded later. Finally, the challenges, possible solutions and potential applications of MXenes for Li-S batteries are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Smart Coal-Fired, Power Generation and Ultra-Clean Emission, China Energy and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Mirzaei A, Lee MH, Safaeian H, Kim TU, Kim JY, Kim HW, Kim SS. Room Temperature Chemiresistive Gas Sensors Based on 2D MXenes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8829. [PMID: 37960529 PMCID: PMC10650214 DOI: 10.3390/s23218829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their large surface area, two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting nanomaterials have been extensively studied for gas-sensing applications in recent years. In particular, the possibility of operating at room temperature (RT) is desirable for 2D gas sensors because it significantly reduces the power consumption of the sensing device. Furthermore, RT gas sensors are among the first choices for the development of flexible and wearable devices. In this review, we focus on the 2D MXenes used for the realization of RT gas sensors. Hence, pristine, doped, decorated, and composites of MXenes with other semiconductors for gas sensing are discussed. Two-dimensional MXene nanomaterials are discussed, with greater emphasis on the sensing mechanism. MXenes with the ability to work at RT have great potential for practical applications such as flexible and/or wearable gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirzaei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran; (A.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Myoung Hoon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (M.H.L.); (T.-U.K.)
| | - Haniyeh Safaeian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran; (A.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Tae-Un Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (M.H.L.); (T.-U.K.)
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyoun Woo Kim
- The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Sub Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (M.H.L.); (T.-U.K.)
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John RAB, Vijayan K, Septiani NLW, Hardiansyah A, Kumar AR, Yuliarto B, Hermawan A. Gas-Sensing Mechanisms and Performances of MXenes and MXene-Based Heterostructures. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8674. [PMID: 37960373 PMCID: PMC10650624 DOI: 10.3390/s23218674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
MXenes are a class of 2D transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with exceptional properties, including substantial electrical and thermal conductivities, outstanding mechanical strength, and a considerable surface area, rendering them an appealing choice for gas sensors. This manuscript provides a comprehensive analysis of heterostructures based on MXenes employed in gas-sensing applications and focuses on addressing the limited understanding of the sensor mechanisms of MXene-based heterostructures while highlighting their potential to enhance gas-sensing performance. The manuscript begins with a broad overview of gas-sensing mechanisms in both pristine materials and MXene-based heterostructures. Subsequently, it explores various features of MXene-based heterostructures, including their composites with other materials and their prospects for gas-sensing applications. Additionally, the manuscript evaluates different engineering strategies for MXenes and compares their advantages to other materials while discussing the limitations of current state-of-the-art sensors. Ultimately, this review seeks to foster collaboration and knowledge exchange within the field, facilitating the development of high-performance gas sensors based on MXenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Alice B. John
- School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India; (R.A.B.J.); (K.V.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Karthikeyan Vijayan
- School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India; (R.A.B.J.); (K.V.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Ni Luh Wulan Septiani
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang City 15314, Indonesia; (N.L.W.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Andri Hardiansyah
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang City 15314, Indonesia; (N.L.W.S.); (A.H.)
| | - A Ruban Kumar
- School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India; (R.A.B.J.); (K.V.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Brian Yuliarto
- Advanced Functional Materials Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
| | - Angga Hermawan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang City 15314, Indonesia; (N.L.W.S.); (A.H.)
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University Ueda Campus, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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Talipova AB, Buranych VV, Savitskaya IS, Bondar OV, Turlybekuly A, Pogrebnjak AD. Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Nanocomposite Materials Based on Bacterial Cellulose and MXene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4067. [PMID: 37896311 PMCID: PMC10610809 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MXene exhibits impressive characteristics, including flexibility, mechanical robustness, the capacity to cleanse liquids like water through MXene membranes, water-attracting nature, and effectiveness against bacteria. Additionally, bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits remarkable qualities, including mechanical strength, water absorption, porosity, and biodegradability. The central hypothesis posits that the incorporation of both MXene and bacterial cellulose into the material will result in a remarkable synthesis of the attributes inherent to MXene and BC. In layered MXene/BC coatings, the presence of BC serves to separate the MXene layers and enhance the material's integrity through hydrogen bond interactions. This interaction contributes to achieving a high mechanical strength of this film. Introducing cellulose into one layer of multilayer MXene can increase the interlayer space and more efficient use of MXene. Composite materials utilizing MXene and BC have gained significant traction in sensor electronics due to the heightened sensitivity exhibited by these sensors compared to usual ones. Hydrogel wound healing bandages are also fabricated using composite materials based on MXene/BC. It is worth mentioning that MXene/BC composites are used to store energy in supercapacitors. And finally, MXene/BC-based composites have demonstrated high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhan B Talipova
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Volodymyr V Buranych
- Department of Nanoelectronics and Surface Modification, Sumy State University, 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Irina S Savitskaya
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Oleksandr V Bondar
- Department of Nanoelectronics and Surface Modification, Sumy State University, 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Amanzhol Turlybekuly
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Aman Technologies, LLP, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander D Pogrebnjak
- Department of Nanoelectronics and Surface Modification, Sumy State University, 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
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12
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Pant B, Park M, Kim AA. MXene-Embedded Electrospun Polymeric Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1477. [PMID: 37512788 PMCID: PMC10384458 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently MXenes has gained immense attention as a new and exciting class of two-dimensional material. Due to their unique layered microstructure, the presence of various functional groups at the surface, earth abundance, and attractive electrical, optical, and thermal properties, MXenes are considered promising candidates for various applications such as energy, environmental, and biomedical. The ease of dispersibility and metallic conductivity of MXene render them promising candidates for use as fillers in polymer nanocomposites. MXene-polymer nanocomposites simultaneously benefit from the attractive properties of MXenes and the flexibility and facile processability of polymers. However, the potentiality of MXene to modify the electrospun nanofibers has been less studied. Understanding the interactions between polymeric nanofibers and MXenes is important to widen their role in biomedical applications. This review explores diverse methods of MXene synthesis, discusses our current knowledge of the various biological characteristics of MXene, and the synthesis of MXene incorporated polymeric nanofibers and their utilization in biomedical applications. The information discussed in this review serves to guide the future development and application of MXene-polymer nanofibers in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishweshwar Pant
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Allison A Kim
- Department of Healthcare Management, Woosong University, Daejon 34606, Republic of Korea
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13
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Shelash Al-Hawary SI, Sapaev IB, Althomali RH, Musad Saleh EA, Qadir K, Romero-Parra RM, Ismael Ouda G, Hussien BM, Ramadan MF. Recent Progress in Screening of Mycotoxins in Foods and Other Commodities Using MXenes-Based Nanomaterials. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37307199 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2222412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin pollution in agricultural food products endangers animal and human health during the supply chains, therefore the development of accurate and rapid techniques for the determination of mycotoxins is of great importance for food safety guarantee. MXenes-based nanoprobes have attracted enormous attention as a complementary analysis and promising alternative strategies to conventional diagnostic methods, because of their fascinating features, like high electrical conductivity, various surface functional groups, high surface area, superb thermal resistance, good hydrophilicity, and environmentally-friendlier characteristics. In this study, we outline the state-of-the-art research on MXenes-based probes in detecting various mycotoxins like aflatoxin, ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and other toxins as a most commonly founded mycotoxin in the agri-food supply chain. First, we present the diverse synthesis approaches and exceptional characteristics of MXenes. Afterward, based on the detecting mechanism, we divide the biosensing utilizations of MXenes into two subcategories: electrochemical, and optical biosensors. Then their performance in effective sensing of mycotoxins is comprehensively deliberated. Finally, present challenges and prospective opportunities for MXenes are debated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I B Sapaev
- Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Arts and Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Qadir
- Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | | | | | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
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14
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De Villenoisy T, Zheng X, Wong V, Mofarah SS, Arandiyan H, Yamauchi Y, Koshy P, Sorrell CC. Principles of Design and Synthesis of Metal Derivatives from MOFs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210166. [PMID: 36625270 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Materials derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated exceptional structural variety and complexity and can be synthesized using low-cost scalable methods. Although the inherent instability and low electrical conductivity of MOFs are largely responsible for their low uptake for catalysis and energy storage, a superior alternative is MOF-derived metal-based derivatives (MDs) as these can retain the complex nanostructures of MOFs while exhibiting stability and electrical conductivities of several orders of magnitude higher. The present work comprehensively reviews MDs in terms of synthesis and their nanostructural design, including oxides, sulfides, phosphides, nitrides, carbides, transition metals, and other minor species. The focal point of the approach is the identification and rationalization of the design parameters that lead to the generation of optimal compositions, structures, nanostructures, and resultant performance parameters. The aim of this approach is to provide an inclusive platform for the strategies to design and process these materials for specific applications. This work is complemented by detailed figures that both summarize the design and processing approaches that have been reported and indicate potential trajectories for development. The work is also supported by comprehensive and up-to-date tabular coverage of the reported studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoran Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Vienna Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sajjad S Mofarah
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hamidreza Arandiyan
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Pramod Koshy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Charles C Sorrell
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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15
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Wong AJY, Lieu WY, Chinnadurai D, Ng MF, Seh ZW. Uncovering the Binder Interactions with S-PAN and MXene for Room Temperature Na-S Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3592-3598. [PMID: 37036465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
MXenes and sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (S-PAN) are emerging as possible contenders to resolve the polysulfide dissolution and volumetric expansion issues in sodium-sulfur batteries. Herein, we explore the interactions between Ti3C2Tx MXenes and S-PAN with traditional binders such as polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in Na-S batteries for the first time. We hypothesize that the linearity and polarity of the binder significantly influence the dispersion of S-PAN over Ti3C2Tx. The three-dimensional polar CMC binder resulted in better contact surface area with both S-PAN and Ti3C2Tx. Moreover, the improved binding of the discharge products with the CMC binder effectively traps them and prevents unwanted shuttling. Consequently, the Na-S battery using the CMC binder displayed a high initial capacity of 1282 mAh/g(s) at 0.2 C and a low capacity fading of 0.092% per cycle over 300 cycles. This work highlights the importance of understanding MXene-binder interactions in sulfur cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jun Yao Wong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Ying Lieu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Republic of Singapore
| | - Deviprasath Chinnadurai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Man-Fai Ng
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhi Wei Seh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
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16
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Iravani S, Varma RS. MXene-Based Composites as Nanozymes in Biomedicine: A Perspective. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:213. [PMID: 36333561 PMCID: PMC9636363 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
MXene-based nanozymes have garnered considerable attention because of their potential environmental and biomedical applications. These materials encompass alluring and manageable catalytic performances and physicochemical features, which make them suitable as (bio)sensors with high selectivity/sensitivity and efficiency. MXene-based structures with suitable electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, large surface area, optical/magnetic properties, and thermal/mechanical features can be applied in designing innovative nanozymes with area-dependent electrocatalytic performances. Despite the advances made, there is still a long way to deploy MXene-based nanozymes, especially in medical and healthcare applications; limitations pertaining the peroxidase-like activity and sensitivity/selectivity may restrict further practical applications of pristine MXenes. Thus, developing an efficient surface engineering tactic is still required to fabricate multifunctional MXene-based nanozymes with excellent activity. To obtain MXene-based nanozymes with unique physicochemical features and high stability, some crucial steps such as hybridization and modification ought to be performed. Notably, (nano)toxicological and long-term biosafety analyses along with clinical translation studies still need to be comprehensively addressed. Although very limited reports exist pertaining to the biomedical potentials of MXene-based nanozymes, the future explorations should transition toward the extensive research and detailed analyses to realize additional potentials of these structures in biomedicine with a focus on clinical and industrial aspects. In this perspective, therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic applications of MXene-based nanozymes are deliberated with a focus on future perspectives toward more successful clinical translational studies. The current state-of-the-art biomedical advances in the use of MXene-based nanozymes, as well as their developmental challenges and future prospects are also highlighted. In view of the fascinating properties of MXene-based nanozymes, these materials can open significant new opportunities in the future of bio- and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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17
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Iravani S, Varma RS. MXene-Based Photocatalysts in Degradation of Organic and Pharmaceutical Pollutants. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206939. [PMID: 36296531 PMCID: PMC9606916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
These days, explorations have focused on designing two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with useful (photo)catalytic and environmental applications. Among them, MXene-based composites have garnered great attention owing to their unique optical, mechanical, thermal, chemical, and electronic properties. Various MXene-based photocatalysts have been inventively constructed for a variety of photocatalytic applications ranging from pollutant degradation to hydrogen evolution. They can be applied as co-catalysts in combination with assorted common photocatalysts such as metal sulfide, metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks, graphene, and graphitic carbon nitride to enhance the function of photocatalytic removal of organic/pharmaceutical pollutants, nitrogen fixation, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and carbon dioxide conversion, among others. High electrical conductivity, robust photothermal effects, large surface area, hydrophilicity, and abundant surface functional groups of MXenes render them as attractive candidates for photocatalytic removal of pollutants as well as improvement of photocatalytic performance of semiconductor catalysts. Herein, the most recent developments in photocatalytic degradation of organic and pharmaceutical pollutants using MXene-based composites are deliberated, with a focus on important challenges and future perspectives; techniques for fabrication of these photocatalysts are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (R.S.V.)
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (R.S.V.)
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18
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Iravani P, Iravani S, Varma RS. MXene-Chitosan Composites and Their Biomedical Potentials. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13091383. [PMID: 36144006 PMCID: PMC9500609 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Today, MXenes with fascinating electronic, thermal, optical, and mechanical features have been broadly studied for biomedical applications, such as drug/gene delivery, photothermal/photodynamic therapy, antimicrobials/antivirals, sensing, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. In this context, various MXene-polymer composites have been designed to improve the characteristics such as physiological stability, sustained/controlled release behaviors, biodegradability, biocompatibility, selectivity/sensitivity, and functionality. Chitosan with advantages of ease of modification, biodegradability, antibacterial activities, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility can be considered as attractive materials for designing hybridized composites together with MXenes. These hybrid composites ought to be further explored for biomedical applications because of their unique properties such as high photothermal conversion efficiency, improved stability, selectivity/sensitivity, stimuli-responsiveness behaviors, and superior antibacterial features. These unique structural, functional, and biological attributes indicate that MXene-chitosan composites are attractive alternatives in biomedical engineering. However, several crucial aspects regarding the surface functionalization/modification, hybridization, nanotoxicological analyses, long-term biosafety assessments, biocompatibility, in vitro/in vivo evaluations, identification of optimization conditions, implementation of environmentally-benign synthesis techniques, and clinical translation studies are still need to be examined by researchers. Although very limited studies have revealed the great potentials of MXene-chitosan hybrids in biomedicine, the next steps should be toward the extensive research and detailed analyses in optimizing their properties and improving their functionality with a clinical and industrial outlook. Herein, recent developments in the use of MXene-chitosan composites with biomedical potentials are deliberated, with a focus on important challenges and future perspectives. In view of the fascinating properties and multifunctionality of MXene-chitosan composites, these hybrid materials can open significant new opportunities in the future for bio- and nano-medicine arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Iravani
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (R.S.V.)
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (R.S.V.)
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MXenes Thin Films: From Fabrication to Their Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154925. [PMID: 35956874 PMCID: PMC9370612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional MXenes possessed exceptional physiochemical properties such as high electrical conductivity (20,000 Scm−1), flexibility, mechanical strength (570 MPa), and hydrophilic surface functionalities that have been widely explored for energy storage, sensing, and catalysis applications. Recently, the fabrication of MXenes thin films has attracted significant attention toward electronic devices and sensor applications. This review summarizes the exciting features of MXene thin film fabrication methods such as vacuum-assisted filtration (VAF), electrodeposition techniques, spin coating, spray coating, dip-coating methods, and other physical/chemical vapor deposition methods. Furthermore, a comparison between different methods available for synthesizing a variety of MXenes films was discussed in detail. This review further summarizes fundamental aspects and advances of MXenes thin films in solar cells, batteries, electromagnetic interference shielding, sensing, etc., to date. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in terms of future research, development, and applications of MXenes-based films are discussed. A comprehensive understanding of these competitive features and challenges shall provide guidelines and inspiration for further growth in MXenes-based functional thin films and contribute to the advances in MXenes technology.
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20
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Yousaf T, Areeb A, Murtaza M, Munir A, Khan Y, Waseem A. Silane-Grafted MXene (Ti 3C 2T X ) Membranes for Enhanced Water Purification Performance. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19502-19512. [PMID: 35721971 PMCID: PMC9202267 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current communication describes the modifications of MXene (Ti3C2T x ) with silane grafting reaction for membrane preparation for enhanced water purification. The MXene was successfully grafted with n-octadecyltrichlorosilane (MODCS), n-octyltrichlorosilane (MNOCS), and triphenylchlorosilane (MTPCS) in order to make a hydrophobic MXene that could be able to bind with the organic matrix/polymers. The modified MXenes were transformed into thin membranes by forming an MXene/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite over a filter paper support, that is, MCE (mixed cellulose ester filter paper). MXene membranes were also formed without the MCE support by using PVA and glutaraldehyde (PVA/GA) where GA was used as a cross-linker to stabilize PVA and make it water-resistant. The conditions of membrane formation were optimized to investigate optimum compatible conditions with the modified materials. The resulting membranes were tested for the removal of various organic pollutants that included mesitylene (or trimethylbenzene); polyaromatic hydrocarbons (chrysene, as a model); biphenyl; bisphenol A; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and styrene; methylene blue; and Sudan II dyes. The MTPCS PVA/GA cross-linked membrane showed the best results for a pollutant removal efficiency up to 98%. Overall, all six types of membranes showed the removal efficiency in the range of 52-98%. It was observed that the membrane exhibits reusability up to five cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Yousaf
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aneeqa Areeb
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maida Murtaza
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Munir
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Yaqoob Khan
- Nanosciences
& Technology Department, National Centre
for Physics, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Amir Waseem
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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21
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Mostafavi E, Iravani S. MXene-Graphene Composites: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:130. [PMID: 35699817 PMCID: PMC9195398 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
MXenes, transition metal carbides and nitrides with graphene-like structures, have received considerable attention since their first discovery. On the other hand, Graphene has been extensively used in biomedical and medicinal applications. MXene and graphene, both as promising candidates of two-dimensional materials, have shown to possess high potential in future biomedical applications due to their unique physicochemical properties such as superior electrical conductivity, high biocompatibility, large surface area, optical and magnetic features, and extraordinary thermal and mechanical properties. These special structural, functional, and biological characteristics suggest that the hybrid/composite structure of MXene and graphene would be able to meet many unmet needs in different fields; particularly in medicine and biomedical engineering, where high-performance mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, and optical requirements are necessary. However, the hybridization and surface functionalization should be further explored to obtain biocompatible composites/platforms with unique physicochemical properties, high stability, and multifunctionality. In addition, toxicological and long-term biosafety assessments and clinical translation evaluations should be given high priority in research. Although very limited studies have revealed the excellent potentials of MXene/graphene in biomedicine, the next steps should be toward the extensive research and detailed analysis in optimizing the properties and improving their functionality with a clinical and industrial outlook. Herein, different synthesis/fabrication methods and performances of MXene/graphene composites are discussed for potential biomedical applications. The potential toxicological effects of these composites on human cells and tissues are also covered, and future perspectives toward more successful translational applications are presented. The current state-of-the-art biotechnological advances in the use of MXene-Graphene composites, as well as their developmental challenges and future prospects are also deliberated. Due to the superior properties and multifunctionality of MXene-graphene composites, these hybrid structures can open up considerable new horizons in future of healthcare and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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22
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Damptey L, Jaato BN, Ribeiro CS, Varagnolo S, Power NP, Selvaraj V, Dodoo‐Arhin D, Kumar RV, Sreenilayam SP, Brabazon D, Kumar Thakur V, Krishnamurthy S. Surface Functionalized MXenes for Wastewater Treatment-A Comprehensive Review. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2022; 6:2100120. [PMID: 35712023 PMCID: PMC9189136 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over 80% of wastewater worldwide is released into the environment without proper treatment. Whilst environmental pollution continues to intensify due to the increase in the number of polluting industries, conventional techniques employed to clean the environment are poorly effective and are expensive. MXenes are a new class of 2D materials that have received a lot of attention for an extensive range of applications due to their tuneable interlayer spacing and tailorable surface chemistry. Several MXene-based nanomaterials with remarkable properties have been proposed, synthesized, and used in environmental remediation applications. In this work, a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research progress on the promising potential of surface functionalized MXenes as photocatalysts, adsorbents, and membranes for wastewater treatment is presented. The sources, composition, and effects of wastewater on human health and the environment are displayed. Furthermore, the synthesis, surface functionalization, and characterization techniques of merit used in the study of MXenes are discussed, detailing the effects of a range of factors (e.g., PH, temperature, precursor, etc.) on the synthesis, surface functionalization, and performance of the resulting MXenes. Finally, the limits of MXenes and MXene-based materials as well as their potential future research directions, especially for wastewater treatment applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Damptey
- School of Engineering & InnovationThe Open UniversityWalton HallMilton KeynesMK7 6AAUK
| | - Bright N. Jaato
- Department of Materials Science & MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Baggage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - Camila Silva Ribeiro
- School of Engineering & InnovationThe Open UniversityWalton HallMilton KeynesMK7 6AAUK
| | - Silvia Varagnolo
- School of Engineering & InnovationThe Open UniversityWalton HallMilton KeynesMK7 6AAUK
| | - Nicholas P. Power
- School of LifeHealth & Chemical SciencesThe Open UniversityWalton HallMilton KeynesMK7 6AAUK
| | - Vimalnath Selvaraj
- Department of Materials Science & MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Baggage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - David Dodoo‐Arhin
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringUniversity of GhanaP.O. Box LG 77Legon‐AccraGhana
| | - R. Vasant Kumar
- Department of Materials Science & MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Baggage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - Sithara Pavithran Sreenilayam
- I‐FormAdvanced Manufacturing Research Centreand Advanced Processing Technology Research CentreSchool of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringDublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublin‐9Ireland
| | - Dermot Brabazon
- I‐FormAdvanced Manufacturing Research Centreand Advanced Processing Technology Research CentreSchool of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringDublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublin‐9Ireland
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research CenterSRUCEdinburghEH9 3JGUK
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Parihar A, Singhal A, Kumar N, Khan R, Khan MA, Srivastava AK. Next-Generation Intelligent MXene-Based Electrochemical Aptasensors for Point-of-Care Cancer Diagnostics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:100. [PMID: 35403935 PMCID: PMC8995416 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Delayed diagnosis of cancer using conventional diagnostic modalities needs to be addressed to reduce the mortality rate of cancer. Recently, 2D nanomaterial-enabled advanced biosensors have shown potential towards the early diagnosis of cancer. The high surface area, surface functional groups availability, and excellent electrical conductivity of MXene make it the 2D material of choice for the fabrication of advanced electrochemical biosensors for disease diagnostics. MXene-enabled electrochemical aptasensors have shown great promise for the detection of cancer biomarkers with a femtomolar limit of detection. Additionally, the stability, ease of synthesis, good reproducibility, and high specificity offered by MXene-enabled aptasensors hold promise to be the mainstream diagnostic approach. In this review, the design and fabrication of MXene-based electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers have been discussed. Besides, various synthetic processes and useful properties of MXenes which can be tuned and optimized easily and efficiently to fabricate sensitive biosensors have been elucidated. Further, futuristic sensing applications along with challenges will be deliberated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- grid.465028.d0000 0000 9013 9057Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026 MP India
| | - Ayushi Singhal
- grid.465028.d0000 0000 9013 9057Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026 MP India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- grid.465028.d0000 0000 9013 9057Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026 MP India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Raju Khan
- grid.465028.d0000 0000 9013 9057Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026 MP India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Mohd. Akram Khan
- grid.465028.d0000 0000 9013 9057Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026 MP India
| | - Avanish K. Srivastava
- grid.465028.d0000 0000 9013 9057Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026 MP India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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24
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Gao X, Zheng Y, Chang J, Xu H, Hui Z, Dai H, Wang H, Xia Z, Zhou J, Sun G. Universal Strategy for Preparing Highly Stable PBA/Ti 3C 2T x MXene toward Lithium-Ion Batteries via Chemical Transformation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15298-15306. [PMID: 35333046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are believed to be intriguing anode materials for Li+ storage because of their tunable composition, designable topologies, and tailorable porous structures, yet they suffer from severe capacity decay and inferior cycling stability due to the volume variation upon lithiation and high electrical resistance. Herein, we develop a universal strategy for synthesizing small PBA nanoparticles hosted on two-dimensional (2D) MXene or rGO (PBA/MX or PBA/rGO) via an in situ transformation from ultrathin layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanosheets. 2D conductive nanosheets allow for fast electron transport and guarantee the full utilization of PBA even at high rates; at the meantime, PBA nanoparticles effectively prevent 2D materials from restacking and facilitate rapid ion diffusion. The optimized Ni0.8Mn0.2-PBA/MX as an anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) delivers a capacity of 442 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and an excellent cycling robustness in comparison with bare PBA bulk crystals. We believe that this study offers an alternative choice for rationally designing PBA-based electrode materials for energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Gao
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yihe Zheng
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jin Chang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zengyu Hui
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Henghan Dai
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhongming Xia
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gengzhi Sun
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
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25
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Iravani S, Varma RS. Smart MXene Quantum Dot-Based Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1200. [PMID: 35407317 PMCID: PMC9000790 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
MXene quantum dots (QDs), with their unique structural, optical, magnetic, and electronic characteristics, are promising contenders for various pharmaceutical and biomedical appliances including biological sensing/imaging, cancer diagnosis/therapy, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, delivery of drugs/genes, and analytical biochemistry. Although functionalized MXene QDs have demonstrated high biocompatibility, superb optical properties, and stability, several challenging issues pertaining to their long-term toxicity, histopathology, biodistribution, biodegradability, and photoluminescence properties are still awaiting systematic study (especially the move towards the practical and clinical phases from the pre-clinical/lab-scale discoveries). The up-scalable and optimized synthesis methods need to be developed not only for the MXene QD-based nanosystems but also for other smart platforms and hybrid nanocomposites encompassing MXenes with vast clinical and biomedical potentials. Enhancing the functionalization strategies, improvement of synthesis methods, cytotoxicity/biosafety evaluations, enriching the biomedical applications, and exploring additional MXene QDs are crucial aspects for developing the smart MXene QD-based nanosystems with improved features. Herein, recent developments concerning the biomedical applications of MXene QDs are underscored with emphasis on current trends and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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26
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Chen Y, Waterhouse GIN, Qiao X, Sun Y, Xu Z. Sensitive analytical detection of nitrite using an electrochemical sensor with STAB-functionalized Nb 2C@MWCNTs for signal amplification. Food Chem 2022; 372:131356. [PMID: 34818750 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor based on stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide - functionalized niobium carbide@multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Nb2C@MWCNTs-STAB) for signal amplification was successfully constructed for sensitive detection of nitrite (NO2-). Niobium carbide@multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Nb2C@MWCNTs) with high electrical conductivity and water dispersibility were first prepared in a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis, after which cationic STAB was added to overcome the negative surface charge on the Nb2C@MWCNTs. The electrostatic attraction between Nb2C@MWCNTs-STAB and NO2- was improved by the STAB, which enhanced the sensitivity of the constructed sensor for NO2-. Under optimized conditions, Nb2C@MWCNTs-STAB/GCE exhibited excellent analytical performance for detection NO2- with two wide liner ranges (0.1-100 μmol L-1 and 100-2000 μmol L-1) and a limit of detection of 0.022 μmol L-1. Nitrite recovery tests in milk and spinach samples showed recoveries in the range of 89.82-104.52%. The NO2- residues in ham and pickled vegetable (cedrela sinensis) samples were analysed using the presented sensor and a spectrophotometric method, with no significant difference found between the results of the two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xuguang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Rhouati A, Berkani M, Vasseghian Y, Golzadeh N. MXene-based electrochemical sensors for detection of environmental pollutants: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132921. [PMID: 34798114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of MXenes at Drexel University in the United States in 2011, there has been extensive research regarding various applications of MXenes including environmental remediation. MXenes with a general formula of Mn+1XnTx are a class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides with unique chemical and physical characteristics as nanomaterials. MXenes feature characteristics such as high conductivity, hydrophobicity, and large specific surface areas that are attracting attention from researchers in many fields including environmental water engineering such as desalination and wastewater treatment as well as designing and building efficient sensors to detect hazardous pollutants in water. In this study, we review recent developments in MXene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical (bio) sensing with a particular focus on the detection of hazardous pollutants, such as organic components, pesticides, nitrite, and heavy metals. Integration of these 2D materials in electrochemical enzyme-based and affinity-based biosensors for environmental pollutants is also discussed. In addition, a summary of the key challenges and future remarks are presented. Although this field is relatively new, future research on biosensors of MXene-based nanocomposites need to exploit the remarkable properties of these 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Rhouati
- Laboratoire Bioengineering, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Berkani
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Golzadeh
- Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (STEM) Knowledge Translations Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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28
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Sharma SK, Kumar A, Sharma G, Vo DVN, García-Peñas A, Moradi O, Sillanpää M. MXenes based nano-heterojunctions and composites for advanced photocatalytic environmental detoxification and energy conversion: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132923. [PMID: 34813851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research is being done to develop multifunctional advanced new materials for high performance photocatalytic applications in the field of energy production and environmental detoxification, MXenes have emerged as promising materials for enhancing photocatalytic performance owing to their excellent mechanical properties, appropriate Fermi levels, and adjustability of chemical composition. Numerous experimental and theoretical research works implied that the dimensions of MXenes have a significant impact on their performance. For photocatalysis to thrive in the future, we must understand the current state of the art for MXene in different dimensions. Using MXene co-catalysts in widely used in photocatalytic applications such as CO2 reduction, hydrogen production and organic pollutant oxidation, this study focuses on the most recent developments in MXenes based materials, structural modifications, innovations in reaction and material engineering. It has been reported that using 5 mg of CdS-MoS2-MXene researchers were able to generate as high as 9679 μmol/g/h hydrogen under visible light. The MXenes based heterojunction photocatalyst Co3O4/MXene was utilized to degrade 95% bisphenol A micro-pollutant in just 7 min. Numerous novel materials, their preparations and performances have been discussed. Depending upon the nature of MXene-based materials, the synthesis techniques and photocatalytic mechanism of MXenes as co-catalyst are also summarized. Finally, some final thoughts and prospects for developing highly efficient MXene-based photocatalysts are provided which will indeed motivate researchers to design novel hybrid materials based on MXenes for sustainable solutions to energy and pollution issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sharma
- School of Advance Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, 173229
| | - Amit Kumar
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India, 173229; School of Science and Technology, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India.
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India, 173229.
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam
| | - Alberto García-Peñas
- University Carlos III of Madrid, Av. de la Universidad, 3028911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Omid Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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29
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Abstract
MXenes and their related nanocomposites with superior physicochemical properties such as high surface area, ease of synthesis and functionalization, high drug loading capacity, collective therapy potentials, pH-triggered drug release behavior,...
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30
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Chandrasekaran S, Zhang C, Shu Y, Wang H, Chen S, Nesakumar Jebakumar Immanuel Edison T, Liu Y, Karthik N, Misra R, Deng L, Yin P, Ge Y, Al-Hartomy OA, Al-Ghamdi A, Wageh S, Zhang P, Bowen C, Han Z. Advanced opportunities and insights on the influence of nitrogen incorporation on the physico-/electro-chemical properties of robust electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic energy conversion. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Chen X, Shi Z, Tian Y, Lin P, Wu D, Li X, Dong B, Xu W, Fang X. Two-dimensional Ti 3C 2 MXene-based nanostructures for emerging optoelectronic applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2929-2963. [PMID: 34558566 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the first discovery of Ti3C2 in 2011, two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides, known as MXenes, have attracted significant attention. Due to their outstanding electronic, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties, versatile structures and surface chemistries, Ti3C2 MXenes have emerged as new candidates with great potential for applications in optoelectronic devices, such as photovoltaics, photodetectors and photoelectrochemical devices. The excellent metallic conductivity, high anisotropic carrier mobility, good structural and chemical stabilities, high optical transmittance, excellent mechanical strength, tunable work functions, and wide range of optical absorption properties of Ti3C2 MXene nanostructures are the key to their success in a number of electronic and photonic device applications. Herein, we summarize the fundamental properties and preparation of pure Ti3C2 MXenes, functionalized Ti3C2 MXenes and their hybrid nanocomposites, as well as their optoelectronic applications. In the end, the perspective and current challenges of Ti3C2 MXenes toward the development of advanced MXene-based nanostructures are briefly discussed for future optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Yongtao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Pei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Xinjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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32
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Rozaini MNH, Kiatkittipong W, Saad B, Yahaya N, Shaharun MS, Sangu SS, Mohamed Saheed MS, Wong YF, Mohamad M, Sambudi NS, Lim JW. Green adsorption–desorption of mixed triclosan, triclocarban, 2-phenylphenol, bisphenol A and 4-tert-octylphenol using MXene encapsulated polypropylene membrane protected micro-solid-phase extraction device in amplifying the HPLC analysis. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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López M, Morales-García Á, Viñes F, Illas F. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Molecular Hydrogen Adsorption and Dissociation on MXenes: Relevance to Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenation Reactions. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martí López
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ángel Morales-García
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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34
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Bakshi A, Bustamante H, Sui X, Joshi R. Structure Dependent Water Transport in Membranes Based on Two-Dimensional Materials. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Bakshi
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to Be University), Chandigarh 160012, India
- SMaRT Centre, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - Xiao Sui
- SMaRT Centre, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rakesh Joshi
- SMaRT Centre, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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35
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Wang L, Zhang M, Yang B, Tan J, Ding X, Li W. Recent Advances in Multidimensional (1D, 2D, and 3D) Composite Sensors Derived from MXene: Synthesis, Structure, Application, and Perspective. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100409. [PMID: 34927986 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the era of intelligent manufacturing, sensors, with various detection objects, have set off a wave of enthusiasm and reached new heights in medical treatment, intelligent industry, daily life, and so on. MXene, as an emerging family of 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides, possesses impressive electrical conductivity, outstanding structural controllability, and satisfying universality with other substrates. Consequently, MXene-based sensors with various functions show a booming growth based on great research potential of MXene. To promote the orderly and efficient development of MXene application in sensors, and further accelerate market-scale application of ideal sensors, in this review, a full range research effort on current MXene-based sensors is summarized. Starting with various synthesis methods of the raw material MXene, a comprehensive summary work along with 1D, 2D, or 3D MXene-based sensors on most recent works is put forward, including the preparation method, characteristic structure, and potential sensing application of each type of MXene-based composite sensors. Ultimately, insights of the opportunities and challenges on the strength of the current reported MXene-based sensor are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Meiyun Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jiaojun Tan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xueyao Ding
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
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36
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Yi M, Héraly F, Chang J, Khorsand Kheirabad A, Yuan J, Wang Y, Zhang M. A transport channel-regulated MXene membrane via organic phosphonic acids for efficient water permeation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6245-6248. [PMID: 34059863 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of organic phosphonic acids (OPAs) were applied as multifunctional spacers to enlarge the inner space of carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) laminates. A synergistic improvement in permeance, rejection and stability is achieved via introducing OPA to create pillared laminates. This strategy provides a universal way to regulate transport channels of MXene-based membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China. and Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China and Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden.
| | - Frédéric Héraly
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden.
| | - Jian Chang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden.
| | - Atefeh Khorsand Kheirabad
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden.
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden.
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China. and Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden.
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Iravani S, Varma RS. MXenes for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis: Recent Advances and Current Challenges. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1900-1913. [PMID: 33851823 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MXenes endowed with several attractive physicochemical attributes, namely, specific large surface area, significant electrical conductivity, magnetism, low toxicity, luminescence, and high biocompatibility, have been considered as promising candidates for cancer therapy and theranostics. These two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures endowed with photothermal, chemotherapeutic synergistic, and photodynamic effects have shown promising potential for decidedly effectual and noninvasive anticancer treatments. They have been explored for photothermal/chemo-photothermal therapy (PTT) and for targeted anticancer drug delivery. Remarkably, MXenes with their unique optical properties have been employed for bioimaging and biosensing, and their excellent light-to-heat transition competence renders them an ideal biocompatible and decidedly proficient nanoscaled agent for PTT appliances. However, several important challenging issues still linger regarding their stability in physiological environments, sustained/controlled release of drugs, and biodegradability that need to be addressed. This Perspective emphasizes the latest advancements of MXenes and MXene-based materials in the domain of targeted cancer therapy/diagnosis, with a focus on the current trends, important challenges, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate, through first-principles calculations, the existence of a new family of copper-based MXenes. These add up new structures to the previously reported universe and span the interest of such 2D materials for applications in heterogeneous catalysis, ion-based batteries, sensors, biomedical applications, and so on. First, we propose the MXene-like structures: Cu2N, Cu2C, and Cu2O. Phonon spectra calculations confirmed their dynamical stability by showing just positive frequencies all through the 2D Brillouin zone. The new MXenes family displays metallic characteristics, mainly induced by the Cu-3d orbitals. Bader charge analysis and charge density differences depict bonds with ionic character in which Cu is positively charged, and the non-metal atom gets an anionic character. Also, we investigate the functionalization of the proposed structures with Cl, F, O, and OH groups. Results show that the H3 site is the most favorable for functionalization. In all cases, the non-magnetic nature and metallic properties of the pristine MXenes remain. Our results lay the foundations for the experimental realization of a new MXenes family.
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Zhao D, Huang C, Quan X, Li L, Wang Y, Zhou J. Lysozyme Adsorption on Different Functionalized MXenes: A Multiscale Simulation Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5932-5942. [PMID: 33961443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, MXenes, due to their abundant advantages, have been widely applied in energy storage, separation, catalysis, biosensing, et al. In this study, parallel tempering Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics methods were performed to investigate lysozyme adsorption on different functionalized Ti3C2Tx (-O, -OH, and -F). The simulation results show that lysozyme can adsorb effectively on Ti3C2Tx surfaces, and the order of interaction strength is Ti3C2O2 > Ti3C2F2 > Ti3C2(OH)2. Electrostatics together with van der Waals interactions control protein adsorption. The orientation distributions of lysozyme adsorbed on the Ti3C2O2 and Ti3C2F2 surfaces are more concentrated than that on the Ti3C2(OH)2 surface. During adsorption, the conformation of lysozyme remains stable, suggesting the good biocompatibility of Ti3C2Tx. Besides, the distribution of the interfacial water layer on the Ti3C2Tx surface has a certain impact on protein adsorption. This study provides theoretical insights for understanding the biocompatibility of 2D Ti3C2Tx materials and may help us evaluate the engineering of their surfaces for future biorelated applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohui Zhao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Chu Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Quan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Libo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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Yu L, Lu L, Zhou X, Xu L, Alhalili Z, Wang F. Strategies for Fabricating High‐Performance Electrochemical Energy‐Storage Devices by MXenes. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LePing Yu
- Institute of Automotive Technology Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce Wuxi Jiangsu 214153 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Automotive Technology Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce Wuxi Jiangsu 214153 People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoHong Zhou
- Institute of Automotive Technology Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce Wuxi Jiangsu 214153 People's Republic of China
| | - Lyu Xu
- Institute of Automotive Technology Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce Wuxi Jiangsu 214153 People's Republic of China
| | - Zahrah Alhalili
- College of Sciences and Arts Shaqra University Sajir Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - FengJun Wang
- Institute of Automotive Technology Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce Wuxi Jiangsu 214153 People's Republic of China
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Yaqub A, Shafiq Q, Khan AR, Husnain SM, Shahzad F. Recent advances in the adsorptive remediation of wastewater using two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXenes): a review. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00772f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MXenes, since their discovery in 2011, have garnered significant research attention for a variety of applications due to their exciting physico-chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Yaqub
- Chemistry Division
- Directorate of Science
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH)
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | - Qamar Shafiq
- National Center for Nanotechnology
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS)
- Islamabad 45650
- Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman Khan
- Materials Division
- Directorate of Technology
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH)
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | - Syed M. Husnain
- Chemistry Division
- Directorate of Science
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH)
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | - Faisal Shahzad
- National Center for Nanotechnology
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS)
- Islamabad 45650
- Pakistan
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Ihsanullah I. Potential of MXenes in Water Desalination: Current Status and Perspectives. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:72. [PMID: 34138292 PMCID: PMC7770811 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
MXenes, novel 2D transition metal carbides, have emerged as wonderful nanomaterials and a superlative contestant for a host of applications. The tremendous characteristics of MXenes, i.e., high surface area, high metallic conductivity, ease of functionalization, biocompatibility, activated metallic hydroxide sites, and hydrophilicity, make them the best aspirant for applications in energy storage, catalysis, sensors, electronics, and environmental remediation. Due to their exceptional physicochemical properties and multifarious chemical compositions, MXenes have gained considerable attention for applications in water treatment and desalination in recent times. It is vital to understand the current status of MXene applications in desalination in order to define the roadmap for the development of MXene-based materials and endorse their practical applications in the future. This paper critically reviews the recent advancement in the synthesis of MXenes and MXene-based composites for applications in desalination. The desalination potential of MXenes is portrayed in detail with a focus on ion-sieving membranes, capacitive deionization, and solar desalination. The ion removal mechanism and regeneration ability of MXenes are also summarized to get insight into the process. The key challenges and issues associated with the synthesis and applications of MXenes and MXene-based composites in desalination are highlighted. Lastly, research directions are provided to guarantee the synthesis and applications of MXenes in a more effective way. This review may provide an insight into the applications of MXenes for water desalination in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsanullah Ihsanullah
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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