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Bovine Organospecific Microvascular Endothelial Cell Lines as New and Relevant In Vitro Models to Study Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155249. [PMID: 32722052 PMCID: PMC7432920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cells constitute potential targets for exogenous microorganisms, in particular for vector-borne pathogens. Their phenotypic and functional variations according to the organs they are coming from provide an explanation of the organ selectivity expressed in vivo by pathogens. In order to make available relevant tools for in vitro studies of infection mechanisms, our aim was to immortalize bovine organospecific endothelial cells but also to assess their permissivity to viral infection. Using transfection with SV40 large T antigen, six bovine microvascular endothelial cell lines from various organs and one macrovascular cell line from an umbilical cord were established. They display their own panel of endothelial progenitor/mature markers, as assessed by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR, as well as the typical angiogenesis capacity. Using both Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease viruses, we demonstrate that some cell lines are preferentially infected. In addition, they can be transfected and are able to express viral proteins such as BTV8-NS3. Such microvascular endothelial cell lines bring innovative tools for in vitro studies of infection by viruses or bacteria, allowing for the study of host-pathogen interaction mechanisms with the actual in vivo target cells. They are also suitable for applications linked to microvascularization, such as anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor research, growing fields in veterinary medicine.
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Dong W, Li R, Yang H, Lu Y, Zhou L, Sun L, Wang D, Duan J. Mesenchymal-endothelial transition-derived cells as a potential new regulatory target for cardiac hypertrophy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6652. [PMID: 32313043 PMCID: PMC7170918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Mesenchymal-endothelial transition (MEndoT) in cardiac hypertrophy is unclear. To determine the difference between MEndoT-derived and coronary endothelial cells is essential for understanding the revascularizing strategy in cardiac repair. Using lineage tracing we demonstrated that MEndoT-derived cells exhibit highly heterogeneous which were characterized with highly expression of endothelial markers such as vascular endothelial cadherin(VECAD) and occludin but low expression of Tek receptor tyrosine kinase(Tek), isolectin B4, endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS), von Willebrand factor(vWF), and CD31 after cardiac hypertrophy. RNA-sequencing showed altered expression of fibroblast lineage commitment genes in fibroblasts undergoing MEndoT. Compared with fibroblasts, the expression of p53 and most endothelial lineage commitment genes were upregulated in MEndoT-derived cells; however, the further analysis indicated that MEndoT-derived cells may represent an endothelial-like cell sub-population. Loss and gain function study demonstrated that MEndoT-derived cells are substantial sources of neovascularization, which can be manipulated to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy and preserve cardiac function by improving the expression of endothelial markers in MEndoT-derived cells. Moreover, fibroblasts undergoing MEndoT showed significantly upregulated anti-hypertrophic factors and downregulated pro-hypertrophic factors. Therefore MEndoT-derived cells are an endothelial-like cell population that can be regulated to treat cardiac hypertrophy by improving neovascularization and altering the paracrine effect of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Dong
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haili Yang
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109, WA, USA
| | - Longhai Zhou
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Dianliang Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China.
| | - Jinzhu Duan
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Widelitz RB, Lin GW, Lai YC, Mayer JA, Tang PC, Cheng HC, Jiang TX, Chen CF, Chuong CM. Morpho-regulation in diverse chicken feather formation: Integrating branching modules and sex hormone-dependent morpho-regulatory modules. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 61:124-138. [PMID: 30569461 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many animals can change the size, shape, texture and color of their regenerated coats in response to different ages, sexes, or seasonal environmental changes. Here, we propose that the feather core branching morphogenesis module can be regulated by sex hormones or other environmental factors to change feather forms, textures or colors, thus generating a large spectrum of complexity for adaptation. We use sexual dimorphisms of the chicken to explore the role of hormones. A long-standing question is whether the sex-dependent feather morphologies are autonomously controlled by the male or female cell types, or extrinsically controlled and reversible. We have recently identified core feather branching molecular modules which control the anterior-posterior (bone morphogenetic orotein [BMP], Wnt gradient), medio-lateral (Retinoic signaling, Gremlin), and proximo-distal (Sprouty, BMP) patterning of feathers. We hypothesize that morpho-regulation, through quantitative modulation of existing parameters, can act on core branching modules to topologically tune the dimension of each parameter during morphogenesis and regeneration. Here, we explore the involvement of hormones in generating sexual dimorphisms using exogenously delivered hormones. Our strategy is to mimic male androgen levels by applying exogenous dihydrotestosterone and aromatase inhibitors to adult females and to mimic female estradiol levels by injecting exogenous estradiol to adult males. We also examine differentially expressed genes in the feathers of wildtype male and female chickens to identify potential downstream modifiers of feather morphogenesis. The data show male and female feather morphology and their color patterns can be modified extrinsically through molting and resetting the stem cell niche during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall B Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gee-Way Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Lai
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Julie A Mayer
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Biocept Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Wang S, Zhang X, Qian W, Zhou D, Yu X, Zhan R, Wang Y, Wu J, He W, Luo G. P311 Deficiency Leads to Attenuated Angiogenesis in Cutaneous Wound Healing. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1004. [PMID: 29270129 PMCID: PMC5723677 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
P311 was identified to markedly promote cutaneous wound healing by our group. Angiogenesis plays a key role in wound healing. In this study, we sought to define the role of P311 in skin wound angiogenesis. It was noted that P311 was expressed in endothelial cells in the dermis of murine and human skin wounds. The expression of P311 was confirmed in cultured murine dermal microvascular endothelial cells (mDMECs). Moreover, it was found that knockout of P311 could attenuate the formation of tubes and motility of mDMECs significantly in vitro. In the subcutaneous Matrigel implant model, the angiogenesis was reduced significantly in P311 knockout mice. In addition, wound healing was delayed in P311 knockout mice compared with that in the wild type. Granulation tissue formation during the defective wound healing showed thinner and blood vessel numbers in wound areas in P311 knockout mice were decreased significantly. A reduction in VEGF and TGFβ1 was also found in P311 KO mice wounds, which implied that P311 may modulate the exprssion of VEGF and TGFβ1 in wound healing. Together, our findings suggest that P311 plays an important role in angiogenesis in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daijun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunzhou Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rixing Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Talavera-Adame D, Newman D, Newman N. Conventional and novel stem cell based therapies for androgenic alopecia. Stem Cells Cloning 2017; 10:11-19. [PMID: 28979149 PMCID: PMC5588753 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s138150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of androgenic alopecia (AGA) increases with age and it affects both men and women. Patients diagnosed with AGA may experience decreased quality of life, depression, and feel self-conscious. There are a variety of therapeutic options ranging from prescription drugs to non-prescription medications. Currently, AGA involves an annual global market revenue of US$4 billion and a growth rate of 1.8%, indicating a growing consumer market. Although natural and synthetic ingredients can promote hair growth and, therefore, be useful to treat AGA, some of them have important adverse effects and unknown mechanisms of action that limit their use and benefits. Biologic factors that include signaling from stem cells, dermal papilla cells, and platelet-rich plasma are some of the current therapeutic agents being studied for hair restoration with milder side effects. However, most of the mechanisms exerted by these factors in hair restoration are still being researched. In this review, we analyze the therapeutic agents that have been used for AGA and emphasize the potential of new therapies based on advances in stem cell technologies and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan Newman
- American Advanced Medical Corp. (Private Practice), Beverly Hills, CA
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Talavera-Adame D, Woolcott OO, Ignatius-Irudayam J, Arumugaswami V, Geller DH, Dafoe DC. Effective endothelial cell and human pluripotent stem cell interactions generate functional insulin-producing beta cells. Diabetologia 2016; 59:2378-2386. [PMID: 27567623 PMCID: PMC5506104 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Endothelial cells (ECs) play an essential role in pancreatic organogenesis. We hypothesise that effective in vitro interactions between human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) and human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) results in the generation of functional pancreatic beta cells. METHODS Embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from hPSCs were cultured alone (controls) or with ECs in collagen gels. Subsequently, cells were analysed for pancreatic beta cell markers, and then isolated and expanded. Insulin secretion in response to glucose was evaluated in vitro by static and dynamic (perifusion) assays, and in vivo by EB transplantation into immunodeficient mice. RESULTS Co-cultured EBs had a higher expression of mature beta cells markers and enhanced insulin secretion in vitro, compared with controls. In mice, transplanted EBs had higher levels of human C-peptide secretion with a significant reduction in hyperglycaemia after the selective destruction of native pancreatic beta cells. In addition, there was significant in vitro upregulation of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP-2, 4) in co-cultured cells, compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION ECs provide essential signalling in vitro, such as activation of the BMP pathway, for derivation of functional insulin-producing beta cells from hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dodanim Talavera-Adame
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8900 Beverly Boulevard, 251E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Orison O Woolcott
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Ignatius-Irudayam
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8900 Beverly Boulevard, 251E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David H Geller
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donald C Dafoe
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8900 Beverly Boulevard, 251E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Talavera-Adame D, Dafoe DC. Endothelium-derived essential signals involved in pancreas organogenesis. World J Exp Med 2015; 5:40-49. [PMID: 25992319 PMCID: PMC4436939 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v5.i2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are essential for pancreas differentiation, endocrine specification, and endocrine function. They are also involved in the physiopathology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. During embryogenesis, aortic ECs provide specific factors that maintain the expression of key genes for pancreas development such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1. Other unknown factors are also important for pancreatic endocrine specification and formation of insulin-producing beta cells. Endocrine precursors proliferate interspersed with ductal cells and exocrine precursors and, at some point of development, these endocrine precursors migrate to pancreatic mesenchyme and start forming the islets of Langerhans. By the end of the gestation and close to birth, these islets contain immature beta cells with the capacity to express vascular endothelial growth factor and therefore to recruit ECs from the surrounding microenvironment. ECs in turn produce factors that are essential to maintain insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Once assembled, a cross talk between endocrine cells and ECs maintain the integrity of islets toward an adequate function during the whole life of the adult individual. This review will focus in the EC role in the differentiation and maturation of pancreatic beta cells during embryogenesis as well as the current knowledge about the involvement of endothelium to derive pancreatic beta cells in vitro from mouse or human pluripotent stem cells.
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Morozova OV, Karamysheva AF, Moizhess TG. Some molecular and genetic properties of progenitor cells in sarcomas induced with foreign body. Russ J Dev Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360415020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Talavera-Adame D, Gupta A, Kurtovic S, Chaiboonma KL, Arumugaswami V, Dafoe DC. Bone morphogenetic protein-2/-4 upregulation promoted by endothelial cells in coculture enhances mouse embryoid body differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3252-60. [PMID: 23924071 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) provide inductive signals for cell differentiation in vivo. However, it is unknown if these cells promote such differentiation in vitro and the signals involved. We investigated whether ECs are able to enhance the differentiation of the three germ layers and the underlying mechanisms. We established a coculture system of mouse embryoid bodies (EBs) and ECs. Then, we analyzed the expression of markers representative of the three germ layers, such as PDX-1, proinsulin, insulin1 (endoderm), nestin, neurofilament light (ectoderm), CD31, cardiotin, and cardiac troponin I (mesoderm) in EBs cultured alone (controls) or with ECs. A significant increase of these markers was observed in EBs cocultured with ECs compared to controls. The cocultured EBs also exhibited more robust vascular networks similar to those EBs treated with bone morphogenetic protein-2 or -4 (BMP-2 or -4). Therefore, the role of these peptides in the differentiation was investigated. We found a significant upregulation of BMP-2/-4 and BMP receptor 1A in EBs treated with EC conditioned medium (EC-CM) at early or middle stages of EB development. Recombinant human BMP-2 and BMP-4 exerted similar effects than EC-CM in the expression of BMPs or in the upregulation of the three germ layer specific markers. BMP-2/-4 antagonists, such as noggin and chordin-like-1, respectively inhibited the EC-CM inductive effects. These results demonstrate that ECs enhance the differentiation in vitro of cells that derived from the three germ layers and that BMP-2/-4 play a central role in this process.
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Gao J, Zhang D, Zhang K, Liu M, Han Z, Li J. Effects of selenium supplementation on expression of endothelin-1 and its receptors in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells from chick embryos. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:173-7. [PMID: 23065423 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental selenium (Se) on expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptors in cultured chick embryos pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). To accomplish this, PMVECs were treated in Se-deficient or Se-supplement (12, 24, 50, 100 ng/ml) culture medium for 48 h. Low Se medium was achieved by reducing serum concentrations and the essential growth factors were added. After the incubation, the effects of supplemental Se on ET-1 and its receptors gene expression were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Compared with the control group, our results showed that among the different concentrations of Se supplement, the levels of ET-1 gene expression treated with both the moderate Se doses (24, 50 ng/ml, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively) and the high doses (100 ng/ml, P < 0.05) were noticeably decreased, the low-dose group (12 ng/ml), which showed no changes. Meanwhile, Se supplement (24, 50, 100 ng/ml) was found to be effective in reducing the expression levels of ETA (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively) in cultured PMVECs grown in low Se medium. However, there were no significant changes (P > 0.05) in ETB mRNA levels during the cell proliferation. These observations indicated that Se may play both direct and indirect role in the regulation of ET-1 and its receptors gene expression and their production in avian PMVECs. Se supplement decreases in ET-1 and ETA production in Se-deficient PMVECs may partly explain the mechanism of the protective effects of the Se on the cardiovascular system.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Avian Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Avian Proteins/genetics
- Avian Proteins/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Chick Embryo
- Down-Regulation
- Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists
- Endothelin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Endothelin-1/genetics
- Endothelin-1/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/embryology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Lung/cytology
- Lung/embryology
- Lung/metabolism
- Microvessels/cytology
- Microvessels/embryology
- Microvessels/metabolism
- Osmolar Concentration
- Protective Agents/metabolism
- Protective Agents/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Endothelin A/genetics
- Receptor, Endothelin A/metabolism
- Receptor, Endothelin B/genetics
- Receptor, Endothelin B/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Selenium/deficiency
- Selenium/metabolism
- Selenium/therapeutic use
- Sodium Selenite/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
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Laranjeira MS, Fernandes MH, Monteiro FJ. Reciprocal induction of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and human mesenchymal stem cells: time-dependent profile in a co-culture system. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:320-34. [PMID: 22607133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angiogenesis is closely associated with osteogenesis where reciprocal interactions between endothelial and osteoblast cells play an important role in bone regeneration. For these reasons, the aim of this work was to develop a co-culture system to study in detail any time-dependent interactions between human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSC) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), co-cultured in a 2D system, for 35 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS HMSC and HDMEC were co-cultured at a ratio of 1:4, respectively. Single-cell cultures were used as controls. Cell viability/proliferation was assessed using MTT, DNA quantification and calcein-AM assays. Cell morphology was monitored using confocal microscopy, and real time PCR was performed. Alkaline phosphatase activity and histochemical staining were evaluated. Matrix mineralization assays were also performed. RESULTS Cells were able to grow in characteristic patterns maintaining their viability and phenotype expression throughout culture time, compared to HMSC and HDMEC monocultures. HMSC differentiation seemed to be enhanced in the co-culture conditions, since it was observed an over expression of osteogenesis-related genes, and of ALP activity. Furthermore, presence of calcium phosphate deposits was also confirmed. CONCLUSIONS This work reports in detail the interactions between HMSC and HDMEC in a long-term co-culture 2D system. Endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells cultured in the present co-culture conditions ensured proliferation and phenotype differentiation of cell types, osteogenesis stimulation and over-expression of angiogenesis-related genes, in the same culture system. It is believed that the present work can lead to significant developments for bone tissue regeneration and cell biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Laranjeira
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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