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Salavati H, Pullens P, Debbaut C, Ceelen W. Hydraulic conductivity of human cancer tissue: A hybrid study. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10617. [PMID: 38435818 PMCID: PMC10905546 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated tumor tissue interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) is an adverse biomechanical biomarker that predicts poor therapy response and an aggressive phenotype. Advances in functional imaging have opened the prospect of measuring IFP non-invasively. Image-based estimation of the IFP requires knowledge of the tissue hydraulic conductivity (K), a measure for the ease of bulk flow through the interstitium. However, data on the magnitude of K in human cancer tissue are not available. Methods We measured the hydraulic conductivity of tumor tissue using modified Ussing chambers in surgical resection specimens. The effect of the tumor microenvironment (TME) on K was investigated by quantifying the collagen content, cell density, and fibroblast density of the tested samples using quantitative immune histochemistry. Also, we developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to evaluate the role of K on interstitial fluid flow and drug transport in solid tumors. Results The results show that the hydraulic conductivity of human tumor tissues is very limited, ranging from approximately 10-15 to 10-14 m2/Pa∙s. Moreover, K values varied significantly between tumor types and between different samples from the same tumor. A significant inverse correlation was found between collagen fiber density and hydraulic conductivity values. However, no correlation was detected between K and cancer cell or fibroblast densities. The computational model demonstrated the impact of K on the interstitial fluid flow and the drug concentration profile: higher K values led to a lower IFP and deeper drug penetration. Conclusions Human tumor tissue is characterized by a very limited hydraulic conductivity, representing a barrier to effective drug transport. The results of this study can inform the development of realistic computational models, facilitate non-invasive IFP estimation, and contribute to stromal targeting anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Salavati
- Department of Human Structure and RepairGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- IBiTech–BioMMedA, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG)GhentBelgium
| | - Pim Pullens
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Hospital GhentGhentBelgium
- Ghent Institute of Functional and Metabolic Imaging (GIFMI)Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
- IBiTech–Medisip, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Charlotte Debbaut
- IBiTech–BioMMedA, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG)GhentBelgium
| | - Wim Ceelen
- Department of Human Structure and RepairGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG)GhentBelgium
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Wu PZ, Yao J, Meng B, Qin YB, Cao S. Blood-nerve barrier enhances chronic postsurgical pain via the HIF-1α/ aquaporin-1 signaling axis. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:381. [PMID: 37990154 PMCID: PMC10662690 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood nerve barrier (BNB) participates in the development of neuropathic pain. AQP1 is involved in peripheral pain perception and is negatively correlated with HIF-1α phenotype, which regulates endothelial permeability. However, the role of HIF-1α-AQP1-mediated BNB dysfunction in Chronic Postsurgical Pain (CPSP) has not been reported. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 5 groups: (i) Naive group; (ii) Sham group; (iii) SMIR group: skin/muscle incision and retraction for one hour. Behavioral tests were performed for the three groups, BNB vascular permeability and western blotting were conducted to determine HIF-1α and AQP1 protein expression. (iv) The SMIR + HIF-1α inhibitor group; (v) SMIR + DMSO group. Rats in the two groups were administered with HIF-1α inhibitor (2ME2) or DMSO intraperitoneally on the third day post-SMIR surgery followed by performance of behavioral tests, BNB permeability assessment, and determination of HIF-1α, AQP1 and NF200 protein levels. RESULTS The permeability of BNB was significantly increased and the expression of AQP1 was downregulated on the 3rd and 7th days post-operation. AQP1 is mainly located in neurons and NF200, CGRP-positive nerve fibers. HIF-1α was highly expressed on the third day post-operation. HIF-1α inhibitor reversed the decrease in AQP1 expression and increase in NF200 expression, barrier permeability and hyperalgesia induced by SMIR on the 3rd day post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS Early dysfunction of BNB mediated by HIF-1α/AQP1 activated by SMIR may be an important mechanism to promote acute postoperative painful transformation of CPSP. Preadaptive protection of endothelial cells around nerve substructures may be an important countermeasure to inhibit CPSP transformation. Early impairment of BNB function mediated by HIF-1α/AQP1 activated by SMIR may be an important mechanism for promoting acute postoperative pain transformation of CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Zhi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Bin Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Sun Y, Zabihi M, Li Q, Li X, Kim BJ, Ubogu EE, Raja SN, Wesselmann U, Zhao C. Drug Permeability: From the Blood-Brain Barrier to the Peripheral Nerve Barriers. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6:2200150. [PMID: 37649593 PMCID: PMC10465108 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery into the peripheral nerves and nerve roots has important implications for effective local anesthesia and treatment of peripheral neuropathies and chronic neuropathic pain. Similar to drugs that need to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) to gain access to the central nervous system (CNS), drugs must cross the peripheral nerve barriers (PNB), formed by the perineurium and blood-nerve barrier (BNB) to modulate peripheral axons. Despite significant progress made to develop effective strategies to enhance BBB permeability in therapeutic drug design, efforts to enhance drug permeability and retention in peripheral nerves and nerve roots are relatively understudied. Guided by knowledge describing structural, molecular and functional similarities between restrictive neural barriers in the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS), we hypothesize that certain CNS drug delivery strategies are adaptable for peripheral nerve drug delivery. In this review, we describe the molecular, structural and functional similarities and differences between the BBB and PNB, summarize and compare existing CNS and peripheral nerve drug delivery strategies, and discuss the potential application of selected CNS delivery strategies to improve efficacious drug entry for peripheral nerve disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Mahmood Zabihi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Xiaosi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Brandon J. Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
| | - Eroboghene E. Ubogu
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Srinivasa N. Raja
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ursula Wesselmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Consortium for Neuroengineering and Brain-Computer Interfaces, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
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Romanò F, Suresh V, Galie PA, Grotberg JB. Peristaltic flow in the glymphatic system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21065. [PMID: 33273489 PMCID: PMC7713425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The flow inside the perivascular space (PVS) is modeled using a first-principles approach in order to investigate how the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enters the brain through a permeable layer of glial cells. Lubrication theory is employed to deal with the flow in the thin annular gap of the perivascular space between an impermeable artery and the brain tissue. The artery has an imposed peristaltic deformation and the deformable brain tissue is modeled by means of an elastic Hooke's law. The perivascular flow model is solved numerically, discovering that the peristaltic wave induces a steady streaming to/from the brain which strongly depends on the rigidity and the permeability of the brain tissue. A detailed quantification of the through flow across the glial boundary is obtained for a large parameter space of physiologically relevant conditions. The parameters include the elasticity and permeability of the brain, the curvature of the artery, its length and the amplitude of the peristaltic wave. A steady streaming component of the through flow due to the peristaltic wave is characterized by an in-depth physical analysis and the velocity across the glial layer is found to flow from and to the PVS, depending on the elasticity and permeability of the brain. The through CSF flow velocity is quantified to be of the order of micrometers per seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Romanò
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ONERA, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Centrale Lille, UMR 9014 - LMFL - Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides de Lille - Kampé de Fériet, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Vinod Suresh
- Auckland Bioeng. Inst. and Dept. Eng. Sci., University of Auckland, 70 Symonds Street, Bldg 439, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Galie
- Dept. Biomed. Eng., Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - James B Grotberg
- Dept. Biomed. Eng., University of Michigan, 2123 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
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Biology of the human blood-nerve barrier in health and disease. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113272. [PMID: 32142802 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A highly regulated endoneurial microenvironment is required for normal axonal function in peripheral nerves and nerve roots, which structurally consist of an outer collagenous epineurium, inner perineurium consisting of multiple concentric layers of specialized epithelioid myofibroblasts that surround the innermost endoneurium, which consists of myelinated and unmyelinated axons embedded in a looser mesh of collagen fibers. Endoneurial homeostasis is achieved by tight junction-forming endoneurial microvessels that control ion, solute, water, nutrient, macromolecule and leukocyte influx and efflux between the bloodstream and endoneurium, and the innermost layers of the perineurium that control interstitial fluid component flux between the freely permeable epineurium and endoneurium. Strictly speaking, endoneurial microvascular endothelium should be considered the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) due to direct communication with circulating blood. The mammalian BNB is considered the second most restrictive vascular system after the blood-brain barrier (BBB) based on classic in situ permeability studies. Structural alterations in endoneurial microvessels or interactions with hematogenous leukocytes have been described in several human peripheral neuropathies; however major advances in BNB biology in health and disease have been limited over the past 50 years. Guided by transcriptome and proteome studies of normal and pathologic human peripheral nerves, purified primary and immortalized human endoneurial endothelial cells that form the BNB and leukocytes from patients with well-characterized peripheral neuropathies, validated by in situ or ex vivo protein expression studies, data are emerging on the molecular and functional characteristics of the human BNB in health and in specific peripheral neuropathies, as well as chronic neuropathic pain. These early advancements have the potential to not only increase our understanding of how the BNB works and adapts or fails to adapt to varying insult, but provide insights relevant to pathogenic leukocyte trafficking, with translational potential and specific therapeutic application for chronic peripheral neuropathies and neuropathic pain.
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Offeddu GS, Possenti L, Loessberg-Zahl JT, Zunino P, Roberts J, Han X, Hickman D, Knutson CG, Kamm RD. Application of Transmural Flow Across In Vitro Microvasculature Enables Direct Sampling of Interstitial Therapeutic Molecule Distribution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902393. [PMID: 31497931 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In vitro prediction of physiologically relevant transport of therapeutic molecules across the microcirculation represents an intriguing opportunity to predict efficacy in human populations. On-chip microvascular networks (MVNs) show physiologically relevant values of molecular permeability, yet like most systems, they lack an important contribution to transport: the ever-present fluid convection through the endothelium. Quantification of transport through the MVNs by current methods also requires confocal imaging and advanced analytical techniques, which can be a bottleneck in industry and academic laboratories. Here, it is shown that by recapitulating physiological transmural flow across the MVNs, the concentration of small and large molecule therapeutics can be directly sampled in the interstitial fluid and analyzed using standard analytical techniques. The magnitudes of transport measured in MVNs reveal trends with molecular size and type (protein versus nonprotein) that are expected in vivo, supporting the use of the MVNs platform as an in vitro tool to predict distribution of therapeutics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni S Offeddu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Luca Possenti
- LaBS, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Zunino
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - John Roberts
- Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Xiaogang Han
- Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Dean Hickman
- Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Charles G Knutson
- Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Ouyang X, Dong C, Ubogu EE. In situ molecular characterization of endoneurial microvessels that form the blood-nerve barrier in normal human adult peripheral nerves. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2019; 24:195-206. [PMID: 31119823 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The blood-nerve barrier (BNB) formed by tight junction-forming endoneurial microvessels located in the innermost compartment of peripheral nerves, and the perineurium serve to maintain the internal microenvironment required for normal signal transduction. The specific molecular components that define the normal adult human BNB are not fully known. Guided by data derived from the adult human BNB transcriptome, we evaluated the in situ expression of 25 junctional complex, transporter, cell membrane, and cytoskeletal proteins in four histologically normal adult sural nerves by indirect fluorescent immunohistochemistry to determine proteins specifically expressed by restrictive endoneurial microvascular endothelium. Using Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin-1 expression to detect endothelial cells, we ascertained that the selected proteins were uniformly expressed in ≥90% of endoneurial microvessels. P-glycoprotein (also known as adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B member 1) and solute carrier family 1 member 1 demonstrated restricted expression by endoneurial endothelium only, with classic tight junction protein claudin-5 also expressed on fenestrated epineurial macrovessels, and vascular-specific adherens junction protein cadherin-5 also expressed by the perineurium. The expression profiles of the selected proteins provide significant insight into the molecular composition of normal adult peripheral nerves. Further work is required to elucidate the human adult BNB molecular signature in order to better understand its development and devise strategies to restore function in peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ouyang
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chaoling Dong
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eroboghene E Ubogu
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Dong C, Ubogu EE. GDNF enhances human blood-nerve barrier function in vitro via MAPK signaling pathways. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:1-22. [PMID: 30523753 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1546537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human blood-nerve barrier (BNB) formed by endoneurial microvascular endothelial cells, serves to maintain the internal microenvironment in peripheral nerves required for normal axonal signal transduction to and from the central nervous system. The mechanisms of human BNB formation in health and disease are not fully elucidated. Prior work established a sufficient role for glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in enhancing human BNB biophysical properties following serum withdrawal in vitro via RET-tyrosine kinase-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling. The objective of the study was to ascertain the downstream signaling pathway involved in this process and more comprehensively determine the molecular changes that may occur at human BNB intercellular junctions under the influence of GDNF. Proteomic studies suggested expression of several mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in confluent GDNF-treated endoneurial endothelial cells following serum withdrawal. Using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing to continuously measure transendothelial electrical resistance and static transwell solute permeability assays with fluoresceinated small and large molecules to evaluate BNB biophysical function, we determined MAPK signaling was essential for GDNF-mediated BNB TEER increase following serum withdrawal downstream of RET-tyrosine kinase signaling that persisted for up to 48 hours in vitro. This increase was associated with reduced solute permeability to fluoresceinated sodium and high molecular weight dextran. Specific GDNF-mediated alterations were detected in cytoskeletal and intercellular junctional complex molecular transcripts and proteins relative to basal conditions without exogenous GDNF. This work provides novel insights into the molecular determinants and mechanisms responsible for specialized restrictive human BNB formation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoling Dong
- a Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - Eroboghene E Ubogu
- a Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
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Liu Q, Wang X, Yi S. Pathophysiological Changes of Physical Barriers of Peripheral Nerves After Injury. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:597. [PMID: 30210280 PMCID: PMC6119778 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves are composed of complex layered anatomical structures, including epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium. Perineurium and endoneurium contain many physical barriers, including the blood-nerve barrier at endoneurial vessels and the perineurial barrier. These physical barriers help to eliminate flux penetration and thus contribute to the establishment of a stable microenvironment. In the current review, we introduce the anatomical compartments and physical barriers of peripheral nerves and then describe the cellular and molecular basis of peripheral physical barriers. We also specifically explore peripheral nerve injury-induced changes of peripheral physical barriers, including elevated endoneurial fluid pressure, increased leakage of tracer, decreased barrier-type endothelial cell ratio, and altered distributions and expressions of cellular junctional proteins. The understanding of the pathophysiological changes of physical barriers following peripheral nerve injury may provide a clue for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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