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Cheng Y, Zhai Y, Yuan Y, Wang Q, Li S, Sun H. The Contributions of Thrombospondin-1 to Epilepsy Formation. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:658-672. [PMID: 38528256 PMCID: PMC11127911 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neural network disorder caused by uncontrolled neuronal hyperexcitability induced by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory networks. Abnormal synaptogenesis plays a vital role in the formation of overexcited networks. Recent evidence has confirmed that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), mainly secreted by astrocytes, is a critical cytokine that regulates synaptogenesis during epileptogenesis. Furthermore, numerous studies have reported that TSP-1 is also involved in other processes, such as angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, which are closely associated with the occurrence and development of epilepsy. In this review, we summarize the potential contributions of TSP-1 to epilepsy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yujie Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Shucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Hongliu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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2
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Hu Z. Exploring the mechanism of curcumin in the treatment of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36593. [PMID: 38363942 PMCID: PMC10869047 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents. However, the nonselective effect leads to serious cardiotoxicity risk in clinical use. Curcumin is a well-known dietary polyphenol that showed a protective effect against the cardiotoxic effect of DOX. This study aimed to assess the role of curcumin in protection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Potential compound and disease targets were obtained from relevant databases, and common targets were screened. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) was used to predict the core targets. Gene ontology (GO) bioprocess analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome enrichment analysis enriched the possible biological processes (BP), cellular components, molecular function, and signaling pathways involved. Finally, the binding of curcumin to target proteins was evaluated through molecular docking. The docking score verified the reliability of the prediction results. In total, 205 curcumin and 700 disease targets were identified. A topological analysis of the PPI network revealed 10 core targets including TP53, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), AKT1, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3), HIF1A, MYC, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and CASP3 (Caspase-3). Furthermore, the enrichment analyses indicated that the effects of curcumin were mediated by genes related to oxidation, inflammation, toxification, cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, wounding, metabolism, proteolysis, and the signaling pathway of calcium (Ca2+). Molecular docking showed that curcumin could bind with the target proteins with strong molecular force, exhibiting good docking activity. Curcumin has a multi-cardioprotective effect by modulating the core targets' expression in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. This study elucidated the key target proteins and provided a theoretical basis for further exploring curcumin in the prevention and treatment of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hu
- Department of Electrocardiography, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
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3
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Yang C, Zhu Q, Chen Y, Ji K, Li S, Wu Q, Pan Q, Li J. Review of the Protective Mechanism of Curcumin on Cardiovascular Disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:165-192. [PMID: 38312990 PMCID: PMC10838105 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s445555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death worldwide and has been the focus of research in the medical community. Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound extracted from the root of turmeric. Curcumin has been shown to have a variety of pharmacological properties over the past decades. Curcumin can significantly protect cardiomyocyte injury after ischemia and hypoxia, inhibit myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, improve ventricular remodeling, reduce drug-induced myocardial injury, improve diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM), alleviate vascular endothelial dysfunction, inhibit foam cell formation, and reduce vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) proliferation. Clinical studies have shown that curcumin has a protective effect on blood vessels. Toxicological studies have shown that curcumin is safe. But high doses of curcumin also have some side effects, such as liver damage and defects in embryonic heart development. This article reviews the mechanism of curcumin intervention on CVDs in recent years, in order to provide reference for the development of new drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunkun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinwei Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Department of Arrhythmia, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Ji
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanghong Li
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Pan
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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4
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Yan H, Zhao L, He Q, Hu Y, Li Q, He K, Zhang D, Liu Q, Luo J, Luo W, Chen S, Li L, Yang S. Exposure to Intermittent Environmental Hypoxia Promotes Vascular Remodeling through Angiogenesis in the Liver of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17796-17807. [PMID: 36802614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the effects of 4 weeks of intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE) on liver angiogenesis and related regulatory mechanisms in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The results indicated that the O2 tension for loss of equilibrium (LOE) decreased from 1.17 to 0.66 mg/L after 4 weeks of IHE. Meanwhile, the red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobin concentrations significantly increased during IHE. Our investigation also found that the observed increase in angiogenesis was correlated with a high expression of related regulators, such as Jagged, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). After 4 weeks of IHE, the overexpression of factors related to angiogenesis processes mediated by HIF-independent pathways (such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), and interleukin 8 (IL8)) was correlated with the accumulation of lactic acid (LA) in the liver. The addition of cabozantinib, a specific inhibitor of VEGFR2, blocked the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and downregulated the expression of downstream angiogenesis regulators in largemouth bass hepatocytes exposed to hypoxia for 4 h. These results suggested that IHE promoted liver vascular remodeling by the regulation of angiogenesis factors, presenting a potential mechanism for the improvement of hypoxia tolerance in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qishuang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Quanxi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Kuo He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lisen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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5
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Roshan Milani S, Pourheydar B, Daneshfar S, Chodari L. Decreased Cardiac NOX4 and SIRT-1 Protein Levels Contribute to Decreased Angiogenesis in the Heart of Diabetic Rats: Rescue Effects of IGF-1 and Exercise. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:202-209. [PMID: 36721814 PMCID: PMC9871268 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Reduced angiogenesis in the heart tissue is a primary risk factor for heart disease in the diabetes condition. This study was aimed to evaluate the changes of two main angiogenesis mediators, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) protein levels in the heart of diabetic rats and the impact of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and exercise on these proteins. Methods: Injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin in 40 male Wistar rats led to the induction of type 1 diabetes. Angiogenesis was detected in the hearts by immunostaining for PECAM-1/ CD31 after 30 days of treatment with IGF-1 (2 mg/kg/day) and exercise. ELISA technique was utilized to establish the expression levels of NOX4 and SIRT-1 within the heart. Results: The results revealed a significant increase in HbA1c and a significant decrease in SIRT1, NOX4 levels and angiogenesis grade in the heart of diabetes group compared to control group. Meanwhile, IGF-1 and exercise alone or in combination completely masked these effects. Additionally, synergistic effect on SIRT-1, HbA1c levels and angiogenesis grade is evident when IGF-1 and exercise are applied simultaneously. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that reduction in angiogenesis in the heart of diabetic rats may be mediated by down expression of NOX4 and SIRT-1 protein levels. It was also displayed that IGF-1 and exercise as novel therapies increase NOX4 and SIRT-1 protein levels within the hearts of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Roshan Milani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saman Daneshfar
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Chodari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Leila Chodari,
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Pang L, Jiang X, Lian X, Chen J, Song EF, Jin LG, Xia ZY, Ma HC, Cai Y. Caloric restriction-mimetics for the reduction of heart failure risk in aging heart: with consideration of gender-related differences. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:33. [PMID: 35786219 PMCID: PMC9252041 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature is full of claims regarding the consumption of polyphenol or polyamine-rich foods that offer some protection from developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is achieved by preventing cardiac hypertrophy and protecting blood vessels through improving the function of endothelium. However, do these interventions work in the aged human hearts? Cardiac aging is accompanied by an increase in left ventricular hypertrophy, along with diastolic and systolic dysfunction. It also confers significant cardiovascular risks for both sexes. The incidence and prevalence of CVD increase sharply at an earlier age in men than women. Furthermore, the patterns of heart failure differ between sexes, as do the lifetime risk factors. Do caloric restriction (CR)-mimetics, rich in polyphenol or polyamine, delay or reverse cardiac aging equally in both men and women? This review will discuss three areas: (1) mechanisms underlying age-related cardiac remodeling; (2) gender-related differences and potential mechanisms underlying diminished cardiac response in older men and women; (3) we select a few polyphenol or polyamine rich compounds as the CR-mimetics, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate and spermidine, due to their capability to extend health-span and induce autophagy. We outline their abilities and issues on retarding aging in animal hearts and preventing CVD in humans. We discuss the confounding factors that should be considered for developing therapeutic strategies against cardiac aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Health Promotion Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xin Lian
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512000, Guangdong, China
| | - Er-Fei Song
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei-Gang Jin
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Chun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Park JS, Kim D, Hong HS. Priming with a Combination of FGF2 and HGF Restores the Impaired Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132042. [PMID: 35805126 PMCID: PMC9265418 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical aging-associated diseases include osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension, and arthritis. Osteoporosis causes the bone to become brittle, increasing fracture risk. Among the various treatments for fractures, stem cell transplantation is currently in the spotlight. Poor paracrine/differentiation capacity, owing to donor age or clinical history, limits efficacy. Lower levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are involved in cell repopulation, angiogenesis, and bone formation in the elderly ADSCs (ADSC-E) than in the young ADSCs (ADSC-Y). Here, we study the effect of FGF2/HGF priming on the osteogenic potential of ADSC-E, determined by calcium deposition in vitro and ectopic bone formation in vivo. Age-induced FGF2/HGF deficiency was confirmed in ADSCs, and their supplementation enhanced the osteogenic differentiation ability of ADSC-E. Priming with FGF2/HGF caused an early shift of expression of osteogenic markers, including Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), osterix, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) during osteogenic differentiation. FGF2/HGF priming also created an environment favorable to osteogenesis by facilitating the secretion of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Bone tissue of ADSC-E origin was observed in mice transplanted with FGF/HGF-primed ADSC-E. Collectively, FGF2/HGF priming could enhance the bone-forming capacity in ADSC-E. Therefore, growth factor-mediated cellular priming can enhance ADSC differentiation in bone diseases and thus contributes to the increased efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Seop Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.S.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Doyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.S.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Hyun Sook Hong
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.S.P.); (D.K.)
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Kyung Hee Institute of Regenerative Medicine (KIRM), Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-958-1828
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Yang Q, Zhai X, Lv Y. A Bibliometric Analysis of Triptolide and the Recent Advances in Treating Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:878726. [PMID: 35721205 PMCID: PMC9198653 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.878726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, natural products derived from plants and their derivatives have attracted great interest in the field of disease treatment. Triptolide is a tricyclic diterpene extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii, a traditional Chinese medicine, which has shown excellent therapeutic potential in the fields of immune inflammation and cancer treatment. In this study, 1,106 Web-of-Science-indexed manuscripts and 1,160 Chinese-National-Knowledge-Infrastructure-indexed manuscripts regarding triptolide published between 2011 and 2021 were analyzed, mapping the co-occurrence networks of keywords and clusters using CiteSpace software. The research frontier and development trend were determined by keyword frequency and cluster analysis, which can be used to predict the future research development of triptolide. Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is most common in lung cancer patients, accounting for about 80% of all lung cancer patients. New evidence suggests that triptolide effectively inhibits the development and metastasis of NSCLC by the induction of apoptosis, reversion of EMT, and regulation of gene expression. Specifically, it acts on NF-κB, MAPKs, P53, Wnt/β-catenin, and microRNAs (miRNAs), signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Consequently, this article reviews the research progress of the anti-NSCLC effect of triptolide. In addition, attenuated studies on triptolide and the potential of tumor immunotherapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Lv
- *Correspondence: Xuejia Zhai, ; Yi Lv,
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Aziz SGG, Pourheydar B, Chodari L, Hamidifar F. Effect of exercise and curcumin on cardiomyocyte molecular mediators associated with oxidative stress and autophagy in aged male rats. Microvasc Res 2022; 143:104380. [PMID: 35597271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aging can origin changes in the heart that may increase risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to characterize autophagy alterations and related molecular mediators in the heart tissue in the aging alone or in combination with exercise and curcumin treatment. METHODS Seven young and twenty-eight elderly male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups, namely: young control, age, exercise, curcumin, and curcumin+exercise. Aged rats in exercise group run on treadmill (17 m/min) and in the curcumin group received curcumin (50 mg/kg) by gavage daily for 8 weeks for 2 months. At the end, heart samples were collected and used for determination of autophagy by immunostaining for LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II), apoptosis by TUNEL assay, Malondialdehyde (MDA) level by enzymatic assay and determination of mediators' molecules by ELISA for NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4), sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1), phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (p-NF-Ƙb) protein levels and Sequestosome-1 (P62). Also, histological changes such as fibrosis evaluated by Masson trichrome staining. RESULTS Our results showed that autophagy, SIRT-1 level were significantly decreased and MDA, NOX4, p-NF-Ƙb and P62 levels were significantly increased in heart of aged group compared to young group. Also, significant increased apoptosis and fibrosis levels in the heart of aged rats were observed compared with young rats, whereas, these undesirable changes were improved by exercise and curcumin. Also, combination therapy of aged rats with curcumin and exercise showed more significant prominent effect on molecular mediators and histological changes in the heart compared with monotherapy. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that stress oxidative increase and autophagy decrease in the heart tissue of aged rats. The age induced the mentioned changes in the heart may in part be associated with down-expression of SIRT-1 and overexpression of NOX4 proteins. It was also showed that these age induced effects can be alleviated by treatment with exercise and curcumin. Since NF-Ƙb increased in both the age and treatment groups, it seems the age heart increased NF-Ƙb to be due to a compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of anatomical sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Farhad Hamidifar
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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