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Low Specificity but Dissimilar Mycorrhizal Communities Associating with Roots May Contribute to the Spatial Pattern of Four Co-Occurring Habenaria (Orchidaceae) Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010665. [PMID: 36614105 PMCID: PMC9820590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi with orchid roots have been increasingly proven to play important roles in orchid growth, spatial distribution, and coexistence of natural communities. Here, we used 454 amplicon pyrosequencing with two different primer combinations to investigate the spatial variations in the community of OMF and endophytic fungi associates within the roots of four co-occurring Habenaria species. The results showed that all investigated Habenaria species were generalists and the different fungi communities may contribute to the spatial separation of the four Habenaria species. Firstly, the fungal OTUs identified in the roots of the four species overlapped but their presence differed amongst species and numerous distinct OMF families were unique to each species. Second, NMDS clustering showed samples clustered together based on associated species and PERMANOVA analyses indicated that fungi communities in the roots differed significantly between the Habenaria species, both for all endophytic fungi communities and for OMF communities. Third, the network structure of epiphytic fungi was highly specialized and modular but demonstrated lowly connected and anti-nested properties. However, it calls for more soil nutrition and soil fungal communities' studies to elucidate the contribution of habitat-specific adaptations in general and mycorrhizal divergence.
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Cook K, Sharma J, Taylor AD, Herriott IC, Taylor DL. Epiphytic fungal communities vary by substrate type and at sub-meter spatial scales. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:1879-1891. [PMID: 35060231 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungal species have numerous important environmental functions. Where these functions occur will depend on how fungi are spatially distributed, but spatial structures of fungal communities are largely unknown, especially in understudied hyperdiverse tropical tree canopy systems. We explore fungal communities in a Costa Rican tropical rainforest canopy, with a focus on local-scale spatial structure and substrate specificity of fungi. Samples of ~1 cm3 were collected from 135 points along 5 adjacent tree branches, with inter-sample distances from 1 to 800 cm, and dissected into four substrates: outer host tree bark, inner bark, dead bryophytes, and living bryophytes. We sequenced the ITS2 region to characterize total fungal communities. Fungal community composition and diversity varied among substrate types, even when multiple substrates were in direct contact. Fungi were most diverse in living bryophytes, with 39% of all OTUs found exclusively in this substrate, and the least diverse in inner bark. Fungal communities had significant positive spatial autocorrelation and distance decay of similarity only at distances less than one meter. Similarity among samples declines by half in less than ten cm, and even at these short distances, similarities are low with few OTUs shared among samples. These results indicate that community turnover is high and occurs at very small spatial scales, with any two locations sharing very few fungi in common. High heterogeneity of fungal communities in space and among substrates may have implications for the distributions, population dynamics, and diversity of other tree canopy organisms, including epiphytic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kel Cook
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Castetter Hall 1480, MSC03-2020, 219 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Jyotsna Sharma
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Bayer Plant Science Building, Room 219, 2911 15th Street, Mail Stop 2122, Lubbock, TX, 79409-2122, USA
| | - Andrew D Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Edmondson Hall 216, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Ian Charold Herriott
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, 311 Irving I Building, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - D Lee Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Castetter Hall 1480, MSC03-2020, 219 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
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Rammitsu K, Kajita T, Imai R, Ogura-Tsujita Y. Strong primer bias for Tulasnellaceae fungi in metabarcoding: Specific primers improve the characterization of the mycorrhizal communities of epiphytic orchids. MYCOSCIENCE 2021; 62:356-363. [PMID: 37090180 PMCID: PMC9721509 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Primer bias toward Tulasnellaceae fungi during PCR is a known issue with metabarcoding analyses for the assessment of orchid mycorrhizal communities. However, this bias had not been evaluated for the fungal communities of epiphytic orchids, which account for 69% of all orchid species diversity. We compared the mycorrhizal communities detected using two primer pairs, a fungal universal primer pair (ITS86F/ITS4) and Tulasnella-specific primer pair (5.8STulngs/ITS4-Tul2), using a mock community of fungal isolates from epiphytic orchids and also environmental samples, including orchid roots and a tree bark tip from the host tree of an epiphytic orchid collected. The detected mycorrhizal communities differed widely depending on the primer pairs used. The fungal universal primer pair successfully identified Ceratobasidiaceae and Serendipitaceae fungi but did not reflect Tulasnellaceae diversity. Tulasnellaceae fungi were mainly detected using the Tulasnella-specific primer pair. These tendencies were observed in both the mock community and environmental samples. These results strongly suggest that the use of a Tulasnella-specific primer in combination with a fungal universal primer is essential for assessing the mycorrhizal communities of orchids through metabarcoding analysis, especially in epiphytic orchids. Our study contributes to further understanding of the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi in orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadashi Kajita
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Ryosuke Imai
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Yuki Ogura-Tsujita
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
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Petrolli R, Augusto Vieira C, Jakalski M, Bocayuva MF, Vallé C, Cruz EDS, Selosse MA, Martos F, Kasuya MCM. A fine-scale spatial analysis of fungal communities on tropical tree bark unveils the epiphytic rhizosphere in orchids. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:2002-2014. [PMID: 33983644 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 10% of vascular plants are epiphytes and, even though this has long been ignored in past research, are able to interact with a variety of fungi, including mycorrhizal taxa. However, the structure of fungal communities on bark, as well as their relationship with epiphytic plants, is largely unknown. To fill this gap, we conducted environmental metabarcoding of the ITS-2 region to understand the spatial structure of fungal communities of the bark of tropical trees, with a focus on epiphytic orchid mycorrhizal fungi, and tested the influence of root proximity. For all guilds, including orchid mycorrhizal fungi, fungal communities were more similar when spatially close on bark (i.e. they displayed positive spatial autocorrelation). They also showed distance decay of similarity with respect to epiphytic roots, meaning that their composition on bark increasingly differed, compared to roots, with distance from roots. We first showed that all of the investigated fungal guilds exhibited spatial structure at very small scales. This spatial structure was influenced by the roots of epiphytic plants, suggesting the existence of an epiphytic rhizosphere. Finally, we showed that orchid mycorrhizal fungi were aggregated around them, possibly as a result of reciprocal influence between the mycorrhizal partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Petrolli
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, Sorbonne Université, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Conrado Augusto Vieira
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, Sorbonne Université, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, F-75005, France
- Department of Microbiology, Viçosa Federal University (UFV), P. H. Rolfs Street CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcin Jakalski
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Melissa F Bocayuva
- Department of Microbiology, Viçosa Federal University (UFV), P. H. Rolfs Street CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clément Vallé
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, Sorbonne Université, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Everaldo Da Silva Cruz
- Department of Microbiology, Viçosa Federal University (UFV), P. H. Rolfs Street CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, Sorbonne Université, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, F-75005, France
- Department of Microbiology, Viçosa Federal University (UFV), P. H. Rolfs Street CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Florent Martos
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, Sorbonne Université, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Maria Catarina M Kasuya
- Department of Microbiology, Viçosa Federal University (UFV), P. H. Rolfs Street CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Li T, Wu S, Yang W, Selosse MA, Gao J. How Mycorrhizal Associations Influence Orchid Distribution and Population Dynamics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:647114. [PMID: 34025695 PMCID: PMC8138319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Orchid distribution and population dynamics are influenced by a variety of ecological factors and the formation of holobionts, which play key roles in colonization and ecological community construction. Seed germination, seedling establishment, reproduction, and survival of orchid species are strongly dependent on orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), with mycorrhizal cheating increasingly observed in photosynthetic orchids. Therefore, changes in the composition and abundance of OMF can have profound effects on orchid distribution and fitness. Network analysis is an important tool for the study of interactions between plants, microbes, and the environment, because of the insights that it can provide into the interactions and coexistence patterns among species. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview, systematically describing the current research status of the effects of OMF on orchid distribution and dynamics, phylogenetic signals in orchid-OMF interactions, and OMF networks. We argue that orchid-OMF associations exhibit complementary and specific effects that are highly adapted to their environment. Such specificity of associations may affect the niche breadth of orchid species and act as a stabilizing force in plant-microbe coevolution. We postulate that network analysis is required to elucidate the functions of fungal partners beyond their effects on germination and growth. Such studies may lend insight into the microbial ecology of orchids and provide a scientific basis for the protection of orchids under natural conditions in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiqiang Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shimao Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenke Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jiangyun Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Li T, Yang W, Wu S, Selosse MA, Gao J. Progress and Prospects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Orchids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646325. [PMID: 34025694 PMCID: PMC8138444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Orchids form mycorrhizal symbioses with fungi in natural habitats that affect their seed germination, protocorm growth, and adult nutrition. An increasing number of studies indicates how orchids gain mineral nutrients and sometime even organic compounds from interactions with orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). Thus, OMF exhibit a high diversity and play a key role in the life cycle of orchids. In recent years, the high-throughput molecular identification of fungi has broadly extended our understanding of OMF diversity, revealing it to be a dynamic outcome co-regulated by environmental filtering, dispersal restrictions, spatiotemporal scales, biogeographic history, as well as the distribution, selection, and phylogenetic spectrum width of host orchids. Most of the results show congruent emerging patterns. Although it is still difficult to extend them to all orchid species or geographical areas, to a certain extent they follow the "everything is everywhere, but the environment selects" rule. This review provides an extensive understanding of the diversity and ecological dynamics of orchid-fungal association. Moreover, it promotes the conservation of resources and the regeneration of rare or endangered orchids. We provide a comprehensive overview, systematically describing six fields of research on orchid-fungal diversity: the research methods of orchid-fungal interactions, the primer selection in high-throughput sequencing, the fungal diversity and specificity in orchids, the difference and adaptability of OMF in different habitats, the comparison of OMF in orchid roots and soil, and the spatiotemporal variation patterns of OMF. Further, we highlight certain shortcomings of current research methodologies and propose perspectives for future studies. This review emphasizes the need for more information on the four main ecological processes: dispersal, selection, ecological drift, and diversification, as well as their interactions, in the study of orchid-fungal interactions and OMF community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiqiang Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenke Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shimao Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jiangyun Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Rammitsu K, Yukawa T, Yamashita Y, Isshiki S, Ogura-Tsujita Y. The mycorrhizal community of the epiphytic orchid Thrixspermum japonicum is strongly biased toward a single Ceratobasidiaceae fungus, despite a wide range of fungal partners. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1654-1662. [PMID: 33306193 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Orchids depend primarily on mycorrhizal fungi to obtain nutrients throughout their life cycle. Epiphytic orchids account for 69% of orchid diversity. The unstable availability of water and nutrients in their arboreal habitats often results in severe water and nutrient stresses. Consequently, mycorrhizal associations may be important for the survival of epiphytic orchids, but our understanding thereof remains limited. Here, we investigated the mycorrhizal community in a single epiphytic orchid species, using more samples than in any previous study. METHODS We assessed the mycorrhizal communities of Thrixspermum japonicum, one of the most common epiphytic orchids in the temperate region of Japan. In total, 144 individuals were collected from 28 host tree species at 20 sites across 1300 km. The mycorrhizal fungi were identified based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences and assigned operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on 97% sequence similarity. RESULTS We obtained 24 OTUs; 9 belonged to the Ceratobasidiaceae and 15 to the Tulasnellaceae. These OTUs are widely distributed throughout the phylogenetic trees of the two fungal families. However, a single Ceratobasidiaceae OTU accounted for 49.7% of all fungal sequences and was predominant in samples from 15 host tree species and 12 sites. CONCLUSIONS Our results imply that despite having a broad range of mycorrhizal partners, T. japonicum was predominantly associated with a single fungal taxon at most of the sites among the host-tree species investigated. These findings contribute to elucidating mycorrhizal symbiosis in epiphytic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Rammitsu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Yukawa
- Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamashita
- Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Shiro Isshiki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogura-Tsujita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
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Downing JL, Liu H, McCormick MK, Arce J, Alonso D, Lopez‐Perez J. Generalized mycorrhizal interactions and fungal enemy release drive range expansion of orchids in southern Florida. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L. Downing
- International Center for Tropical Botany Florida International University 11200 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden 10901 Old Cutler Road Coral Gables Florida33156USA
| | - Hong Liu
- International Center for Tropical Botany Florida International University 11200 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden 10901 Old Cutler Road Coral Gables Florida33156USA
| | - Melissa K. McCormick
- Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian Environmental Research Center 647 Contees Wharf Road Edgewater Maryland21037USA
| | - Jay Arce
- International Center for Tropical Botany Florida International University 11200 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden 10901 Old Cutler Road Coral Gables Florida33156USA
| | - Dailen Alonso
- International Center for Tropical Botany Florida International University 11200 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
| | - Jorge Lopez‐Perez
- International Center for Tropical Botany Florida International University 11200 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
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Herrera P, Suárez JP, Sánchez-Rodríguez A, Molina MC, Prieto M, Méndez M. Many broadly-shared mycobionts characterize mycorrhizal interactions of two coexisting epiphytic orchids in a high elevation tropical forest. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cevallos S, Declerck S, Suárez JP. In situ Orchid Seedling-Trap Experiment Shows Few Keystone and Many Randomly Associated Mycorrhizal Fungal Species During Early Plant Colonization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1664. [PMID: 30505314 PMCID: PMC6250785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Orchids are known for their vast diversity and dependency on mycorrhizal fungi. Under in situ conditions, the biotic and abiotic factors determining the composition and distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) communities remain largely unexplored. Therefore in situ experiments are needed to better understand the interactions between orchids and fungi. A seedling-trap experiment was conducted in the Reserva Biológica San Francisco, a well-known biodiversity hotspot located in the Andes of southern Ecuador. The objective was to investigate the effect of orchid species, site, elevation or temporal variation on the assembly and structure of OMF associated with Cyrtochilum retusum and Epidendrum macrum. The OMF community composition was determined using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. The results exhibited 83 OMF operational taxonomic units belonging to Tulasnellaceae, Ceratobasidiaceae, Serendipitaceae and Atractiellales. It was observed that the composition of the OMF communities was different among orchid species and temporal variation but was not different among sites. The results further support that orchids have a core of keystone OMF that are ubiquitously distributed and stable across temporal change, whereas the majority of these fungi are randomly associated with the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Cevallos
- Laboratory of Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Laboratory of Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Juan Pablo Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
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Cevallos S, Herrera P, Sánchez-Rodríguez A, Declerck S, Suárez JP. Untangling factors that drive community composition of root associated fungal endophytes of Neotropical epiphytic orchids. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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