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Efremenko E, Aslanli A, Stepanov N, Senko O, Maslova O. Various Biomimetics, Including Peptides as Antifungals. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:513. [PMID: 37999154 PMCID: PMC10669293 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8070513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetics, which are similar to natural compounds that play an important role in the metabolism, manifestation of functional activity and reproduction of various fungi, have a pronounced attraction in the current search for new effective antifungals. Actual trends in the development of this area of research indicate that unnatural amino acids can be used as such biomimetics, including those containing halogen atoms; compounds similar to nitrogenous bases embedded in the nucleic acids synthesized by fungi; peptides imitating fungal analogs; molecules similar to natural substrates of numerous fungal enzymes and quorum-sensing signaling molecules of fungi and yeast, etc. Most parts of this review are devoted to the analysis of semi-synthetic and synthetic antifungal peptides and their targets of action. This review is aimed at combining and systematizing the current scientific information accumulating in this area of research, developing various antifungals with an assessment of the effectiveness of the created biomimetics and the possibility of combining them with other antimicrobial substances to reduce cell resistance and improve antifungal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Efremenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Mhlongo JT, Waddad AY, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Antimicrobial Peptide Synergies for Fighting Infectious Diseases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300472. [PMID: 37407512 PMCID: PMC10502873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential elements of thehost defense system. Characterized by heterogenous structures and broad-spectrumaction, they are promising candidates for combating multidrug resistance. Thecombined use of AMPs with other antimicrobial agents provides a new arsenal ofdrugs with synergistic action, thereby overcoming the drawback of monotherapiesduring infections. AMPs kill microbes via pore formation, thus inhibitingintracellular functions. This mechanism of action by AMPs is an advantage overantibiotics as it hinders the development of drug resistance. The synergisticeffect of AMPs will allow the repurposing of conventional antimicrobials andenhance their clinical outcomes, reduce toxicity, and, most significantly,prevent the development of resistance. In this review, various synergies ofAMPs with antimicrobials and miscellaneous agents are discussed. The effect ofstructural diversity and chemical modification on AMP properties is firstaddressed and then different combinations that can lead to synergistic action,whether this combination is between AMPs and antimicrobials, or AMPs andmiscellaneous compounds, are attended. This review can serve as guidance whenredesigning and repurposing the use of AMPs in combination with other antimicrobialagents for enhanced clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T. Mhlongo
- KwaZulu‐Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP)School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
| | - Ayman Y. Waddad
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
- CIBER‐BBNNetworking Centre on BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicineand Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelona08028Spain
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu‐Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP)School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
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Zhang Q, Yu S, Hu M, Liu Z, Yu P, Li C, Zhang X. Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Peptide KN-17. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2114. [PMID: 36363705 PMCID: PMC9699635 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis, an infectious disease originating from dental biofilm that forms around dental implants, which causes the loss of both osseointegration and bone tissue. KN-17, a truncated cecropin B peptide, demonstrated efficacy against certain bacterial strains associated with peri-implantitis. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of KN-17. The effects of KN-17 on oral pathogenic bacteria were assessed by measuring its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Moreover, the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of KN-17 were evaluated. KN-17 inhibited the growth of Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum during in vitro biofilm formation and possessed low toxicity to hBMSCs cells. KN-17 also caused RAW264.7 macrophages to transform from M1 to M2 by downregulating pro-inflammatory and upregulating anti-inflammatory factors. It inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway by reducing IκBα and P65 protein phosphorylation while promoting IκBα degradation and nuclear P65 translocation. KN-17 might be an efficacious prophylaxis against peri-implant inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shuipeng Yu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Meilin Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 39 Huangsha Avenue, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Changyi Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
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Khuda F, Alam N, Khalil AAK, Jan A, Naureen F, Ullah Z, Alotaibi A, Ullah R, Ullah S, Shah Y, Shah SI, Büyüker SM. Screening of Rhamnus Purpurea (Edgew.) Leaves for Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Potential. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22977-22985. [PMID: 35811929 PMCID: PMC9260770 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exploring new antimicrobial and cytotoxic drugs has been one of the most active areas of research. Rhamnus purpurea (Edgew.) buckthorn (Rhamnaceae) is a wild shrub traditionally used in Pakistan for the treatment of various ailments including cancer and infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to find novel antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents of plant origin. The crude methanol extract and full range of fractions of R. purpurea leaves were screened for the said activities using in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic models following standard protocols. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method, while the antioxidant activity was assessed with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The cytotoxic effect was investigated against the human cancer cell lines i.e. Caco-2 (gut), A549 (lung), HepG2 (liver), and MDA-MB-231 (breast) by MTS assay. In addition, toxicity studies were conducted on renal and alveolar primary epithelial cells (HRPTEpiC and HPAEpiC, respectively). Phytochemical investigation showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, phenols, carbohydrates, proteins, and flavonoids. The n-hexane and chloroform fractions showed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 0.60 and 0.68 mg/mL, respectively), Salmonella typhi (MIC 0.48 and 0.45 mg/mL, respectively), and Bacillus subtilis (MIC 0.54 and 0.76 mg/mL, respectively). Among fungal strains, crude methanol and chloroform fractions exhibited significant activity against Fusarium solani (MIC 0.53 and 0.44 mg/mL, respectively) and Aspergillus niger (MIC 0.47 and 0.42 mg/mL, respectively). The crude methanol, n-hexane and chloroform fractions revealed the highest antioxidant activity at 1000 μg/mL, compared to that of ascorbic acid. The n-hexane fraction showed a significant cytotoxic effect against Caco-2, A549, and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 5.65 ± 0.88, 5.50 ± 0.90, and 4.95 ± 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. Similarly, the chloroform fraction depicted significant activity against Caco-2, A549, and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 4.55 ± 1.25, 4.65 ± 1.55, and 2.85 ± 0.98 μg/mL, respectively. The crude methanol extract and almost all fractions exhibited the highest selectivity index (>2.0) for Caco-2, A549, and HepG2 cancer cell lines, providing safety data for this study. The results showed that R. purpurea leaves have excellent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potential and warrant further studies to search for novel compounds for the said activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Khuda
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Nida Alam
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National University
of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Jan
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Naureen
- Department
of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Zaki Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Amal Alotaibi
- Department
of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy (Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research
Center) College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department
of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Denardi LB, Weiblen C, Ianiski LB, Stibbe PC, Pinto SC, Santurio JM. Anti-Pythium insidiosum activity of MSI-78, LL-37, and magainin-2 antimicrobial peptides. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:509-512. [PMID: 35018604 PMCID: PMC8882752 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the anti-Pythium insidiosum activity of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) MSI-78, LL-37, and magainin-2. To detect the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), fourteen clinical strains were incubated with the AMPs following the CLSI M38-A2 protocol. All three AMPs showed antimicrobial activity with an MIC range of 20-80 mg/L against all strains. We concluded that the evaluated AMPs have great potential as anti-Pythium insidiosum agents, and their activity deserves to be more explored in further research. Antimicrobial peptides were tested against Pythium insidiosum, a microorganism that causes a difficult-to-treat disease in animals and humans. These peptides have been shown to be able to kill P. insidiosum and may be candidates for use in the treatment of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bedin Denardi
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil ,grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Carla Weiblen
- Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguay and the Missions (URI – Santiago), Santiago, RS Brazil
| | - Lara Baccarin Ianiski
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil ,grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina Stibbe
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil ,grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Stefania Campos Pinto
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Janio M. Santurio
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil ,grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil
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