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Pan Q, Zhang L, Gu A, Yu D, Wang X, Zhou Y, Guo L. The Absorption of Needle-Free Insulin Aspart Through Jet Injector in Different Body Parts of Healthy Individuals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:832726. [PMID: 35574009 PMCID: PMC9099202 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.832726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The absorption of needle-free fast-acting insulin injected into different body parts of healthy male subjects was studied in an attempt to provide clinical guidance for diabetic patients who take needle-free insulin injections in terms of providing reference in the clinical guidance regarding the correct use of needle-free insulin injections among diabetic patients. This randomized, open-label, cross-over trial was conducted on eight healthy adult male volunteers, in which the skin thickness at three injection sites (abdomen, upper arm, and thigh), the time to peak, peak rate, and area under the glucose infusion rate (GIR) curve of plasma insulin were measured through the hyperinsulin-normal glucose clamp test after the injection of insulin aspart with a needle-free syringe at three different sites to analyze the correlation between insulin absorption index at different injection sites and skin thickness. The values of the skin thickness of the abdomen, upper arm, and thigh measured by ultrasonic wave were 2.45 ± 0.34 mm, 2.18 ± 0.50 mm, and 1.93 ± 0.55 mm, respectively. There was a significant difference in the skin thickness of the abdomen and thigh (P = 0.014). The hyperinsulin-normal glucose clamp model was successfully established for each subject. Approximately 0-2 h after injection of insulin aspart with needle-free syringes, the area under the GIR-time curve of the abdomen, upper arm, and thigh was 29,400.75 ± 2,645.00 ml, 30,230.50 ± 4,937.87 ml, and 30,179.63 ± 6,188.57 ml, respectively. There was no significant difference in the area under the GIR curve between any two injection sites (P >0.05). The time to peak of GIR at different injection sites was 38.68 ± 13.57 min in the abdomen, 40.86 ± 12.70 min in the upper arm, and 37.03 ± 13.29 min in the thigh, respectively, in which no significant difference was found between each of them (P >0.05). The GIR curve after injection at the three different sites was consistent with each other. There was no significant difference in insulin absorption after the injection of insulin aspartate into the abdomen, upper arm, and thigh with a needleless syringe in healthy male adult volunteers, and there was no correlation between skin thickness at the injection site and insulin absorption. Injection sites did not affect the absorption of insulin in needle-free injections.
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Liu T, Chen M, Fu J, Sun Y, Lu C, Quan G, Pan X, Wu C. Recent advances in microneedles-mediated transdermal delivery of protein and peptide drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2326-2343. [PMID: 34522590 PMCID: PMC8424228 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides have become a significant therapeutic modality for various diseases because of their high potency and specificity. However, the inherent properties of these drugs, such as large molecular weight, poor stability, and conformational flexibility, make them difficult to be formulated and delivered. Injection is the primary route for clinical administration of protein and peptide drugs, which usually leads to poor patient's compliance. As a portable, minimally invasive device, microneedles (MNs) can overcome the skin barrier and generate reversible microchannels for effective macromolecule permeation. In this review, we highlighted the recent advances in MNs-mediated transdermal delivery of protein and peptide drugs. Emphasis was given to the latest development in representative MNs design and fabrication. We also summarize the current application status of MNs-mediated transdermal protein and peptide delivery, especially in the field of infectious disease, diabetes, cancer, and other disease therapy. Finally, the current status of clinical translation and a perspective on future development are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minglong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jintao Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Li Y, Yang J, Zheng Y, Ye R, Liu B, Huang Y, Zhou W, Jiang L. Iontophoresis-driven porous microneedle array patch for active transdermal drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:349-358. [PMID: 33340733 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A transdermal patch that combines microneedle array (MA) with iontophoresis can achieve synergistic and remarkable enhancement of drug delivery with precise electronic control. However, the development of an MA patch combined with iontophoresis that can enable in situ treatment, easy self-administration, and controllable delivery of liquid macromolecular drugs is still a challenge. Here, we presented an iontophoresis-driven porous MA patch (IDPMAP) for in situ, patient-friendly, and active delivery of charged macromolecular drugs. IDPMAP integrates porous MA with iontophoresis into a single transdermal patch, thus realizing the one-step drug administration strategy of "Penetration, Diffusion, and Iontophoresis." Moreover, a matching portable iontophoresis-driven device was developed for drug self-administration of IDPMAP. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that IDPMAP had approximately 99% skin penetration rate, negligible cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility without skin irritation and hypersensitivity. In vivo transdermal delivery of insulin in type 1 diabetic rats demonstrated that IDPMAP could effectively deliver insulin nanovesicles and produce a robust hypoglycemic effect on the rats (maintain normal blood glucose for approximately 5.4 h), with more advanced controllability and efficiency than that achieved by pristine MA or iontophoresis. IDPMAP and its portable iontophoresis-driven device are user-friendly and thus show a promising potential for drug self-administration at home.
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Yang J, Li Y, Ye R, Zheng Y, Li X, Chen Y, Xie X, Jiang L. Smartphone-powered iontophoresis-microneedle array patch for controlled transdermal delivery. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:112. [PMID: 34567719 PMCID: PMC8433361 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-00224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence rate of diabetes has been increasing every year in nearly all nations and regions. The traditional control of diabetes using transdermal insulin delivery by metal needles is generally associated with pain and potential infections. While microneedle arrays (MAs) have emerged as painless delivery techniques, the integration of MA systems with electronic devices to precisely control drug delivery has rarely been realized. In this study, we developed an iontophoresis-microneedle array patch (IMAP) powered by a portable smartphone for the active and controllable transdermal delivery of insulin. The IMAP in situ integrates iontophoresis and charged nanovesicles into one patch, achieving a one-step drug administration strategy of "penetration, diffusion and iontophoresis". The MA of the IMAP is first pressed on the skin to create microholes and then is retracted, followed by the iontophoresis delivery of insulin-loaded nanovesicles through these microholes in an electrically controlled manner. This method has synergistically and remarkably enhanced controlled insulin delivery. The amount of insulin can be effectively regulated by the IMAP by applying different current intensities. This in vivo study has demonstrated that the IMAP effectively delivers insulin and produces robust hypoglycemic effects in a type-1 diabetic rat model, with more advanced controllability and efficiency than delivery by a pristine microneedle or iontophoresis. The IMAP system shows high potential for diabetes therapy and the capacity to provide active as well as long-term glycemic regulation without medical staff care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Rui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Yuzhen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
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Preparation, properties and challenges of the microneedles-based insulin delivery system. J Control Release 2018; 288:173-188. [PMID: 30189223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle technology relates to pharmacy, polymer chemistry and micromachining. Microneedle can effectively deliver insulin into systemic circulation across the skin. This process does not affect the activity of insulin. Compared to subcutaneous injection, microneedles cause less pain for their special structure. This review thoroughly discusses the preparation technologies of the microneedles-based insulin delivery system including solid, hollow, dissolving, phase transition, glucose-responsive microneedle patches. In the meantime, the properties, challenges and clinical/commercial status of the microneedles-based insulin delivery system are also discussed in this review.
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Insulin delivery systems combined with microneedle technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 127:119-137. [PMID: 29604374 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, a metabolic disorder of glucose, is a serious chronic disease and an important public health problem. Insulin is one of the hormones for modulating blood glucose level and the products of which is indispensable for most diabetes patients. Introducing microneedles (MNs) to insulin delivery is promising to pave the way for modulating glucose level noninvasively of diabetes patients, as which born to be painless, easy to handle and no need of any power supply. In this work, we review the process of insulin delivery systems (IDSs) based on MN technology in terms of two categories: drug free MNs and drug loaded MNs. Drug free MNs include solid MNs ("poke and patch"), hollow MNs ("poke and flow") and reservoir-based swelling MNs ("poke and swell R-type"), and drug loaded MNs include coated MNs ("coat and poke"), dissolving MNs ("poke and release") and insulin incorporated swelling MNs ("poke and swell I-type"). Majority researches of MN-based IDSs have been conducted by using hollow MNs or dissolving MNs, and almost all clinical trials for MN-based IDSs have employed hollow MNs. "Poke and patch" approach dramatically increase skin permeability compared to traditional transdermal patch, but MNs fabricated from silicon or metal may leave sharp waste in the skin and cause a safety issue. "Poke and flow" approach, similar to transitional subcutaneous (SC) injection, is capable of producing faster insulin absorption and action than SC injection but may associate with blockage, leakage and low flow rate. Coated MNs are able of retaining the activity of drug, which loaded in a solid phase, for a long time, however have been relatively less studied for insulin application as the low drug dosing. "Poke and release" approach leaves no biohazardous sharp medical waste and is capable of rapid drug release. "Poke and swell R-type" can be seen as a combination of "poke and flow" and "poke and patch" approach, while "poke and swell I-type" is an approach between "coat and poke" and "poke and release" approach. Insulin MNs are promising for painless diabetes therapeutics, and additional efforts for addressing fundamental issues including the drug loading, the PK/PD profile, the storage and the safety of insulin MNs will accelerate the clinical transformation.
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Banerjee A, Ibsen K, Iwao Y, Zakrewsky M, Mitragotri S. Transdermal Protein Delivery Using Choline and Geranate (CAGE) Deep Eutectic Solvent. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28337858 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of peptides and other biological macromolecules is limited due to skin's inherent low permeability. Here, the authors report the use of a deep eutectic solvent, choline and geranate (CAGE), to enhance topical delivery of proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA, molecular weight: ≈66 kDa), ovalbumin (OVA, molecular weight: ≈45 kDa) and insulin (INS, molecular weight: 5.8 kDa). CAGE enhances permeation of BSA, OVA, and insulin into porcine skin ex vivo, penetrating deep into the epidermis and dermis. Studies using tritium-labeled BSA and fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled insulin show significantly enhanced delivery of proteins into and across porcine skin, penetrating the skin in a time-dependent manner. Fourier transform IR spectra of porcine stratum corneum (SC) samples before and after incubation in CAGE show a reduction in peak area attributed to SC lipid content, suggesting lipid extraction from the SC. Circular dichroism confirms that CAGE does not affect insulin's secondary conformation. In vivo studies in rats show that topical application of 10 U insulin dispersed in CAGE (25 U kg-1 insulin dose) leads to a highly significant 40% drop in blood glucose levels in 4 h that is relatively sustained for 12 h. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that CAGE is a promising vehicle for transdermal delivery of therapeutic proteins; specifically, as a noninvasive delivery alternative to injectable insulin for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Bioengineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Kelly Ibsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Bioengineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Yasunori Iwao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422‐8526 Japan
| | - Michael Zakrewsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Bioengineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Bioengineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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Microfabrication for Drug Delivery. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9080646. [PMID: 28773770 PMCID: PMC5509096 DOI: 10.3390/ma9080646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review is devoted to discussing the application of microfabrication technologies to target challenges encountered in life processes by the development of drug delivery systems. Recently, microfabrication has been largely applied to solve health and pharmaceutical science issues. In particular, fabrication methods along with compatible materials have been successfully designed to produce multifunctional, highly effective drug delivery systems. Microfabrication offers unique tools that can tackle problems in this field, such as ease of mass production with high quality control and low cost, complexity of architecture design and a broad range of materials. Presented is an overview of silicon- and polymer-based fabrication methods that are key in the production of microfabricated drug delivery systems. Moreover, the efforts focused on studying the biocompatibility of materials used in microfabrication are analyzed. Finally, this review discusses representative ways microfabrication has been employed to develop systems delivering drugs through the transdermal and oral route, and to improve drug eluting implants. Additionally, microfabricated vaccine delivery systems are presented due to the great impact they can have in obtaining a cold chain-free vaccine, with long-term stability. Microfabrication will continue to offer new, alternative solutions for the development of smart, advanced drug delivery systems.
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Abstract
This review aims to concisely chart the development of two individual research fields, namely nanomedicines, with specific emphasis on nanoparticles (NP) and microparticles (MP), and microneedle (MN) technologies, which have, in the recent past, been exploited in combinatorial approaches for the efficient delivery of a variety of medicinal agents across the skin. This is an emerging and exciting area of pharmaceutical sciences research within the remit of transdermal drug delivery and as such will undoubtedly continue to grow with the emergence of new formulation and fabrication methodologies for particles and MN. Firstly, the fundamental aspects of skin architecture and structure are outlined, with particular reference to their influence on NP and MP penetration. Following on from this, a variety of different particles are described, as are the diverse range of MN modalities currently under development. The review concludes by highlighting some of the novel delivery systems which have been described in the literature exploiting these two approaches and directs the reader towards emerging uses for nanomedicines in combination with MN.
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Zhang S, Qiu Y, Gao Y. Enhanced delivery of hydrophilic peptides in vitro by transdermal microneedle pretreatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:100-4. [PMID: 26579370 PMCID: PMC4590292 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the utility of solid microneedle arrays (150 µm in length) in enhancing transdermal delivery of peptides and to examine the relationship between peptide permeation rates and D2O flux. Four model peptides were used (Gly-Gln-Pro-Arg [tetrapeptide-3, 456.6 Da], Val-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Gly [hexapeptide, 498.6 Da], AC-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-NH2 [acetyl hexapeptide-3, 889 Da] and Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 [oxytocin, 1007.2 Da]). The influence of microneedle pretreatment on skin permeation was evaluated using porcine ear skin with Franze diffusion cell. Peptide permeation across the skin was significantly enhanced by microneedle pretreatment, and permeation rates were dependent on peptide molecular weights. A positive correlation between D2O flux and acetyl hexapeptide-3 clearances suggests that convective solvent flow contributes to the enhanced transdermal peptide delivery. It is concluded that solid microneedle arrays are effective devices to enhance skin delivery of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yunhua Gao
- Lab of Organic Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Molecular Engineering, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Tuan-Mahmood TM, McCrudden MT, Torrisi BM, McAlister E, Garland MJ, Singh TRR, Donnelly RF. Microneedles for intradermal and transdermal drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:623-37. [PMID: 23680534 PMCID: PMC4119996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The formidable barrier properties of the uppermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, impose significant limitations for successful systemic delivery of broad range of therapeutic molecules particularly macromolecules and genetic material. Microneedle (MN) has been proposed as a strategy to breach the stratum corneum barrier function in order to facilitate effective transport of molecules across the skin. This strategy involves use of micron sized needles fabricated of different materials and geometries to create transient aqueous conduits across the skin. MN, alone or with other enhancing strategies, has been demonstrated to dramatically enhance the skin permeability of numerous therapeutic molecules including biopharmaceuticals either in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo experiments. This suggested the promising use of MN technology for various possible clinical applications such as insulin delivery, transcutaneous immunisations and cutaneous gene delivery. MN has been proved as minimally invasive and painless in human subjects. This review article focuses on recent and future developments for MN technology including the latest type of MN design, challenges and strategies in MNs development as well as potential safety aspects based on comprehensive literature review pertaining to MN studies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan-Mazlelaa Tuan-Mahmood
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maeliosa T.C. McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Barbara M. Torrisi
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Emma McAlister
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Martin J Garland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Thakur Raghu Raj Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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Xiang Z, Wang H, Pant A, Pastorin G, Lee C. Development of vertical SU-8 microtubes integrated with dissolvable tips for transdermal drug delivery. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:26502. [PMID: 24404018 PMCID: PMC3625238 DOI: 10.1063/1.4798471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based microneedles have drawn much attention in the transdermal drug delivery resulting from their flexibility and biocompatibility. Traditional fabrication approach deploys various kinds of molds to create sharp tips at the end of needles for the penetration purpose. This approach is usually time-consuming and expensive. In this study, we developed an innovative fabrication process to make biocompatible SU-8 microtubes integrated with biodissolvable maltose tips as novel microneedles for the transdermal drug delivery applications. These microneedles can easily penetrate the skin's outer barrier represented by the stratum corneum (SC) layer. The drug delivery device of mironeedles array with 1000 μm spacing between adjacent microneedles is proven to be able to penetrate porcine cadaver skins successfully. The maximum loading force on the individual microneedle can be as large as 7.36 ± 0.48N. After 9 min of the penetration, all the maltose tips are dissolved in the tissue. Drugs can be further delivered via these open biocompatible SU-8 microtubes in a continuous flow manner. The permeation patterns caused by the solution containing Rhodamine 110 at different depths from skin surface were characterized via a confocal microscope. It shows successful implementation of the microneedle function for fabricated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolin Xiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore ; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 24, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Aakanksha Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 24, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 24, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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Qiu Y, Qin G, Zhang S, Wu Y, Xu B, Gao Y. Novel lyophilized hydrogel patches for convenient and effective administration of microneedle-mediated insulin delivery. Int J Pharm 2012; 437:51-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Approaches for breaking the barriers of drug permeation through transdermal drug delivery. J Control Release 2012; 164:26-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ramchandani N, Heptulla RA. New technologies for diabetes: a review of the present and the future. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 2012:28. [PMID: 23098076 PMCID: PMC3541087 DOI: 10.1186/1687-9856-2012-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the technologies in use and in the pipeline for the management of diabetes. The review focuses on glucose meters, continuous glucose monitoring devices, insulin pumps, and getting clinicians connected to technologies. All information presented can be found in the public domain, and was obtained from journal articles, websites, product review tables in patient publications, and professional conferences. The technology concerns, ongoing development and future trends in this area are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neesha Ramchandani
- The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, 3415 Bainbridge Ave, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA.
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