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Zhang G, Zhen C, Yang J, Wang J, Wang S, Fang Y, Shang P. Recent advances of nanoparticles on bone tissue engineering and bone cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1957-1973. [PMID: 38633036 PMCID: PMC11019495 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00851g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
With the development of biotechnology, biomaterials have been rapidly developed and shown great potential in bone regeneration therapy and bone tissue engineering. Nanoparticles have attracted the attention of researches and have applied in various fields especially in the biomedical field as the special physicochemical properties. Nanoparticles were found to regulate bone remodeling depending on their size, shape, composition, and charge. Therefore, in-depth research was necessary to provide the basic support to select the most suitable nanoparticles for bone relate diseases treatment. This article reviews the current development of nanoparticles in bone tissue engineering, focusing on drug delivery, gene delivery, and cell labeling. In addition, the research progress on the interaction of nanoparticles with bone cells, focusing on osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and the underlying mechanism were also reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions are discussed. Thus, detailed study of nanoparticles may reveal new therapeutic strategies to improve the effectiveness of bone regeneration therapy or other bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Shenzhen 518057 China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Chenxiao Zhen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Shenzhen 518057 China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Jianping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Shenzhen 518057 China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital) Shenzhen 518109 China
| | - Yanwen Fang
- Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd Huzhou 313300 China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Shenzhen 518057 China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
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2
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Hernandez Pichardo A, Littlewood J, Taylor A, Wilm B, Lévy R, Murray P. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography is more sensitive than micro-computed tomography for tracking gold nanorod labelled mesenchymal stromal cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300109. [PMID: 37431566 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Tracking the fate of therapeutic cell types is important for assessing their safety and efficacy. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is an effective cell tracking technique, but poor spatial resolution means it has limited ability to precisely map cells in vivo in 3D. This can be overcome by using a bimodal imaging approach that combines BLI with a technique capable of generating high-resolution images. Here we compared the effectiveness of combining either multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) or micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) with BLI for tracking the fate of luciferase+ human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) labelled with gold nanorods. Following subcutaneous administration in mice, the MSCs could be readily detected with MSOT but not with micro-CT. We conclude that MSOT is more sensitive than micro-CT for tracking gold nanorod-labelled cells in vivo and depending on the route of administration, can be used effectively with BLI to track MSC fate in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Hernandez Pichardo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - James Littlewood
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- iThera Medical GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Raphaël Lévy
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université de Paris, INSERM, LVTS, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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3
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Hsu JC, Tang Z, Eremina OE, Sofias AM, Lammers T, Lovell JF, Zavaleta C, Cai W, Cormode DP. Nanomaterial-based contrast agents. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2023; 3:30. [PMID: 38130699 PMCID: PMC10732545 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-023-00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Medical imaging, which empowers the detection of physiological and pathological processes within living subjects, has a vital role in both preclinical and clinical diagnostics. Contrast agents are often needed to accompany anatomical data with functional information or to provide phenotyping of the disease in question. Many newly emerging contrast agents are based on nanomaterials as their high payloads, unique physicochemical properties, improved sensitivity and multimodality capacity are highly desired for many advanced forms of bioimaging techniques and applications. Here, we review the developments in the field of nanomaterial-based contrast agents. We outline important nanomaterial design considerations and discuss the effect on their physicochemical attributes, contrast properties and biological behaviour. We also describe commonly used approaches for formulating, functionalizing and characterizing these nanomaterials. Key applications are highlighted by categorizing nanomaterials on the basis of their X-ray, magnetic, nuclear, optical and/or photoacoustic contrast properties. Finally, we offer our perspectives on current challenges and emerging research topics as well as expectations for future advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Hsu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhongmin Tang
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Olga E. Eremina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandros Marios Sofias
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Zavaleta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David P. Cormode
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Wiart M, Tavakoli C, Hubert V, Hristovska I, Dumot C, Parola S, Lerouge F, Chauveau F, Canet-Soulas E, Pascual O, Cormode DP, Brun E, Elleaume H. Use of metal-based contrast agents for in vivo MR and CT imaging of phagocytic cells in neurological pathologies. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 383:109729. [PMID: 36272462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The activation of phagocytic cells is a hallmark of many neurological diseases. Imaging them in their 3-dimensional cerebral environment over time is crucial to better understand their role in disease pathogenesis and to monitor their potential therapeutic effects. Phagocytic cells have the ability to internalize metal-based contrast agents both in vitro and in vivo and can thus be tracked by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT). In this review article, we summarize the different labelling strategies, contrast agents, and in vivo imaging modalities that can be used to monitor cells with phagocytic activity in the central nervous system using MRI and CT, with a focus on clinical applications. Metal-based nanoparticle contrast agents such as gadolinium, gold and iron are ideal candidates for these applications as they have favourable magnetic and/or radiopaque properties and can be fine-tuned for optimal uptake by phagocytic cells. However, they also come with downsides due to their potential toxicity, especially in the brain where they might accumulate. We therefore conclude our review by discussing the pitfalls, safety and potential for clinical translation of these metal-based neuroimaging techniques. Early results in patients with neuropathologies such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, trauma, cerebral aneurysm and glioblastoma are promising. If the challenges represented by safety issues are overcome, phagocytic cells imaging will be a very valuable tool for studying and understanding the inflammatory response and evaluating treatments that aim at mitigating this response in patients with neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Wiart
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France; CNRS, Lyon, France.
| | - Clément Tavakoli
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM UA7 STROBE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Violaine Hubert
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
| | | | - Chloé Dumot
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Parola
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Lerouge
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Chauveau
- CNRS, Lyon, France; Univ. Lyon, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
| | | | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Emmanuel Brun
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM UA7 STROBE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Elleaume
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM UA7 STROBE, 38000 Grenoble, France
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5
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Peserico A, Di Berardino C, Russo V, Capacchietti G, Di Giacinto O, Canciello A, Camerano Spelta Rapini C, Barboni B. Nanotechnology-Assisted Cell Tracking. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091414. [PMID: 35564123 PMCID: PMC9103829 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The usefulness of nanoparticles (NPs) in the diagnostic and/or therapeutic sector is derived from their aptitude for navigating intra- and extracellular barriers successfully and to be spatiotemporally targeted. In this context, the optimization of NP delivery platforms is technologically related to the exploitation of the mechanisms involved in the NP–cell interaction. This review provides a detailed overview of the available technologies focusing on cell–NP interaction/detection by describing their applications in the fields of cancer and regenerative medicine. Specifically, a literature survey has been performed to analyze the key nanocarrier-impacting elements, such as NP typology and functionalization, the ability to tune cell interaction mechanisms under in vitro and in vivo conditions by framing, and at the same time, the imaging devices supporting NP delivery assessment, and consideration of their specificity and sensitivity. Although the large amount of literature information on the designs and applications of cell membrane-coated NPs has reached the extent at which it could be considered a mature branch of nanomedicine ready to be translated to the clinic, the technology applied to the biomimetic functionalization strategy of the design of NPs for directing cell labelling and intracellular retention appears less advanced. These approaches, if properly scaled up, will present diverse biomedical applications and make a positive impact on human health.
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6
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Ghanbarei S, Sattarahmady N, Zarghampoor F, Azarpira N, Hossein-Aghdaie M. Effects of labeling human mesenchymal stem cells with superparamagnetic zinc-nickel ferrite nanoparticles on cellular characteristics and adipogenesis/osteogenesis differentiation. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1659-1673. [PMID: 33934256 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An attractive cell source for stem cell-based therapy are WJ-MSCs. Hence, tracking WJ-MSCs using non-invasive imaging procedures (such as MRI) and contrast agents (Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4, NFNPs) are required to evaluate cell distribution, migration, and differentiation. RESULTS Results showed that the bare and dextrin-coated NFNPs were internalized inside the WJ-MSCs and had no effect on the cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, karyotyping, and morphology of WJ-MSCs up to 125 µg/mL. Besides, treated WJ-MSCs were differentiated into osteo/adipocyte-like cells. The expression of RUNX 2, SPP 1 (P < 0.05), and OCN (P > 0.05) genes in the WJ-MSCs treated with dextrin-coated NFNPs was higher than the untreated WJ-MSCs; and the expression of CFD, LPL, and PPAR-γ genes was reduced in WJ-MSCs treated with both NFNPs in comparison with the untreated WJ-MSCs (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, results showed that dextrin-coated NFNPs had no adverse effect on the cellular characteristics, proliferation, and differentiation of WJ-MSCs, and suggesting their potential clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaleh Ghanbarei
- Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.,Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Sattarahmady
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,The Nanobiology and Nanomedicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Zarghampoor
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili St, Mohamad Rasoolalah Research Tower, 7th floor, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili St, Mohamad Rasoolalah Research Tower, 7th floor, Shiraz, Iran.
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7
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Hsu JC, Nieves LM, Betzer O, Sadan T, Noël PB, Popovtzer R, Cormode DP. Nanoparticle contrast agents for X-ray imaging applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1642. [PMID: 32441050 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
X-ray imaging is the most widely used diagnostic imaging method in modern medicine and several advanced forms of this technology have recently emerged. Iodinated molecules and barium sulfate suspensions are clinically approved X-ray contrast agents and are widely used. However, these existing contrast agents provide limited information, are suboptimal for new X-ray imaging techniques and are developing safety concerns. Thus, over the past 15 years, there has been a rapid growth in the development of nanoparticles as X-ray contrast agents. Nanoparticles have several desirable features such as high contrast payloads, the potential for long circulation times, and tunable physicochemical properties. Nanoparticles have also been used in a range of biomedical applications such as disease treatment, targeted imaging, and cell tracking. In this review, we discuss the principles behind X-ray contrast generation and introduce new types of X-ray imaging modalities, as well as potential elements and chemical compositions that are suitable for novel contrast agent development. We focus on the progress in nanoparticle X-ray contrast agents developed to be renally clearable, long circulating, theranostic, targeted, or for cell tracking. We feature agents that are used in conjunction with the newly developed multi-energy computed tomography and mammographic imaging technologies. Finally, we offer perspectives on current limitations and emerging research topics as well as expectations for the future development of the field. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science of the University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lenitza M Nieves
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Oshra Betzer
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tamar Sadan
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Peter B Noël
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science of the University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Biz MT, Cucco C, Cavalcanti BN. Incorporation of AuNP-PLL nanocomplexes in DPSC: a new tool for 3D analysis in pulp regeneration. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1761-1767. [PMID: 31375901 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the viability of dental pulp stem cells loaded with gold nanoparticles complexed with poly (L-lysine) (AuNP-PLL) and to track the cellular behavior in a 3D analysis by micro-CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS DPSC (dental pulp stem cells) were cultured and incorporated with AuNP-PLL (0.2 mg/ml) and assessed for cell viability (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) using MTS assay. Apoptosis/cell death index and cell cycle were analyzed by propidium iodide. AuNP-PLL-RITC were used for observation in confocal microscopy and quantification of the incorporation rates. Cells were also suspended in agarose and analyzed three-dimensionally in μCT, assessing their radiopacity. Quantitative data (cell viability and apoptosis) were analyzed by t test (p < 0.05). RESULTS AuNP-PLL labeling did not affect cellular viability in any of the periods analyzed nor interfered with the apoptosis index of DPSC. AuNP-PLL nanocomplexes were identified in the cytoplasm of cells by immunofluorescence, mainly in the perinuclear region. The observed incorporation rate was 98%. Micro-CT analysis has shown that incorporated cells are now visible using x-ray, with a clear increase in radiopacity when compared to the control group (non-incorporated cells). CONCLUSION These results indicate that it is possible to incorporate AuNP-PLL complex into DPSC and track the cells by using μCT; furthermore, this incorporation of 0.2 mg/ml of AuNP-PLL does not interfere in the DPSC basic behavior. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This methodology can be a useful tool for cellular labeling to observe cell behavior and their interaction with scaffolds in a 3D manner, opening an array of new approaches in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Tillmann Biz
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cucco
- Department of Endodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, W344 DSB, 801 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bruno Neves Cavalcanti
- Department of Endodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, W344 DSB, 801 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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9
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Li W, Song W, Chen B, Matcher SJ. Superparamagnetic graphene quantum dot as a dual-modality contrast agent for confocal fluorescence microscopy and magnetomotive optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800219. [PMID: 30191684 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic graphene quantum dot (MGQD) nanoparticle, synthesized by hydrothermally reducing and cutting graphene oxide-iron oxide sheet, was demonstrated to possess the capabilities of simultaneous confocal fluorescence and magnetomotive optical coherence tomography (MMOCT) imaging. This MGQD shows low toxicity, significant tunable blue fluorescence and superparamagnetism, which can thus be used as a dual-modality contrast agent for confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) and MMOCT. The feasibility of applying MGQD as a tracer of cells is shown by imaging and visualizing MGQD labeled cells using CFM and our in-house MMOCT. Since MMOCT and CFM can offer anatomical structure and intracellular details, respectively, the MGQD for cell tracking could provide a more comprehensive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Wenxing Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Biqiong Chen
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Stephen J Matcher
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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10
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Goyens J, Vasilopoulou-Kampitsi M, Claes R, Sijbers J, Mancini L. Enhanced contrast in X-ray microtomographic images of the membranous labyrinth using different X-ray sources and scanning modes. J Anat 2018; 233:770-782. [PMID: 30277260 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system, located in the inner ear, plays a crucial role in balance and gaze stabilisation by sensing head movements. The interconnected tubes with membranous walls of the vestibular system are located in the skull bone (the 'membranous labyrinth'). Unfortunately, these membranes are very hard to visualise using three-dimensional (3D) X-ray imaging techniques. This difficulty arises due to the embedment of the membranes in the dense skull bone, the thinness of the membranes, and the small difference in X-ray absorption between the membranes and the surrounding fluid. In this study, we compared the visualisation of very small specimens (lizard heads with vestibular systems smaller than 3 mm) by X-ray computed micro-tomography (μCT) based on synchrotron radiation and conventional sources. A visualisation protocol using conventional X-ray μCT would be very useful thanks to the ease of access and lower cost. Careful optimisation of the acquisition parameters enables detection of the membranes by using μCT scanners based on conventional microfocus sources, but in some cases a low contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) prevents fast and reliable segmentation of the membranes. Synchrotron radiation μCT proved to be preferable for the visualisation of the small samples with very thin membranes, because of their high demands for spatial and contrast resolution. The best contrast was obtained by using synchrotron radiation μCT working in phase-contrast mode, leading to up to twice as high CNRs than the best conventional μCT results. The CNR of the synchrotron radiation μCT scans was sufficiently high enough to enable the construction of a 3D model by the means of semi-automatic segmentation of the membranous labyrinth. Membrane thickness was found to range between 2.7 and 36.3 μm. Hence, the minimal membrane thickness was found to be much smaller than described previously in the literature (between 10 and 50 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Goyens
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Raf Claes
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Sijbers
- Imec-Vision Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lucia Mancini
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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11
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Tesařová M, Mancini L, Simon A, Adameyko I, Kaucká M, Elewa A, Lanzafame G, Zhang Y, Kalasová D, Szarowská B, Zikmund T, Novotná M, Kaiser J. A quantitative analysis of 3D-cell distribution in regenerating muscle-skeletal system with synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14145. [PMID: 30237460 PMCID: PMC6148031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest enigmas of modern biology is how the geometry of muscular and skeletal structures are created and how their development is controlled during growth and regeneration. Scaling and shaping of vertebrate muscles and skeletal elements has always been enigmatic and required an advanced technical level in order to analyse the cell distribution in 3D. In this work, synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography (µCT) and chemical contrasting has been exploited for a quantitative analysis of the 3D-cell distribution in tissues of a developing salamander (Pleurodeles waltl) limb – a key model organism for vertebrate regeneration studies. We mapped the limb muscles, their size and shape as well as the number and density of cells within the extracellular matrix of the developing cartilage. By using tomographic approach, we explored the polarity of the cells in 3D, in relation to the structure of developing joints. We found that the polarity of chondrocytes correlates with the planes in joint surfaces and also changes along the length of the cartilaginous elements. Our approach generates data for the precise computer simulations of muscle-skeletal regeneration using cell dynamics models, which is necessary for the understanding how anisotropic growth results in the precise shapes of skeletal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Tesařová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Mancini
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andras Simon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 171777, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 171777, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markéta Kaucká
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 171777, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed Elewa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 171777, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 171777, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dominika Kalasová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bára Szarowská
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 171777, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomáš Zikmund
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Novotná
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.
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12
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Arafa MG, El-Kased RF, Elmazar MM. Thermoresponsive gels containing gold nanoparticles as smart antibacterial and wound healing agents. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13674. [PMID: 30209256 PMCID: PMC6135834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive gels containing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared using Pluronic®127 alone (F1) and with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (F2) at ratios of 15% w/w and 15:1% w/w, respectively. AuNPs were evaluated for particle size, zeta-potential, polydispersity index (PDI), morphology and XRD pattern. AuNP-containing thermoresponsive gels were investigated for their gelation temperature, gel strength, bio-adhesive force, viscosity, drug content, in vitro release and ex-vivo permeation, in addition to in vitro antibacterial activity against bacteria found in burn infections, Staphylococcus aureus. In vivo burn healing and antibacterial activities were also investigated and compared with those of a commercial product using burn-induced infected wounds in mice. Spherical AuNPs sized 28.9-37.65 nm displayed a surface plasmon resonance band at 522 nm, a PDI of 0.461, and a zeta potential of 34.8 mV with a negative surface charge. F1 and F2 showed gelation temperatures of 37.2 °C and 32.3 °C, bio-adhesive forces of 2.45 ± 0.52 and 4.76 ± 0.84 dyne/cm2, viscosities of 10,165 ± 1.54 and 14,213 ± 2.31 cP, and gel strengths between 7.4 and 10.3 sec, respectively. The in vitro release values of F1 and F2 were 100% and 98.03% after 6 h, with permeation flux values of (J1) 0.2974 ± 2.85 and (J2) 0.2649 ± 1.43 (µg/cm2·h), respectively. The formulations showed antibacterial activity with the highest values for wound healing properties, as shown in vivo and by histopathological studies. This study demonstrates that a smart AuNPs thermoresponsive gel was successful as an antibacterial and wound healing transdermal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona G Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
- Chemotheraputic Unit, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Reham F El-Kased
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - M M Elmazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
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13
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Wu ZY, Chen JY, Zhu X, Fu FH, Lan RL, Liu MM, Lian X, Ye CL, Zhong GX, Lin JH, Liu AL. Sensitive electrochemical cytosensor for highly specific detection of osteosarcoma 143B cells based on graphene-3D gold nanocomposites. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Wu M, Shu J. Multimodal Molecular Imaging: Current Status and Future Directions. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:1382183. [PMID: 29967571 PMCID: PMC6008764 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1382183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has emerged at the end of the last century as an interdisciplinary method involving in vivo imaging and molecular biology aiming at identifying living biological processes at a cellular and molecular level in a noninvasive manner. It has a profound role in determining disease changes and facilitating drug research and development, thus creating new medical modalities to monitor human health. At present, a variety of different molecular imaging techniques have their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. In order to overcome these shortcomings, researchers combine two or more detection techniques to create a new imaging mode, such as multimodal molecular imaging, to obtain a better result and more information regarding monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment. In this review, we first describe the classic molecular imaging technology and its key advantages, and then, we offer some of the latest multimodal molecular imaging modes. Finally, we summarize the great challenges, the future development, and the great potential in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Shu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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15
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Meola A, Rao J, Chaudhary N, Sharma M, Chang SD. Gold Nanoparticles for Brain Tumor Imaging: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2018; 9:328. [PMID: 29867737 PMCID: PMC5960696 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Demarcation of malignant brain tumor boundaries is critical to achieve complete resection and to improve patient survival. Contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for diagnosis and pre-surgical planning, despite limitations of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents to depict tumor margins. Recently, solid metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) have shown potential as diagnostic probes for brain tumors. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) emerged among those, because of their unique physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility. The aim of the present study is to review the application of GNPs for in vitro and in vivo brain tumor diagnosis. Methods We performed a PubMed search of reports exploring the application of GNPs in the diagnosis of brain tumors in biological models including cells, animals, primates, and humans. The search words were "gold" AND "NP" AND "brain tumor." Two reviewers performed eligibility assessment independently in an unblinded standardized manner. The following data were extracted from each paper: first author, year of publication, animal/cellular model, GNP geometry, GNP size, GNP coating [i.e., polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Gd], blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing aids, imaging modalities, and therapeutic agents conjugated to the GNPs. Results The PubMed search provided 100 items. A total of 16 studies, published between the 2011 and 2017, were included in our review. No studies on humans were found. Thirteen studies were conducted in vivo on rodent models. The most common shape was a nanosphere (12 studies). The size of GNPs ranged between 20 and 120 nm. In eight studies, the GNPs were covered in PEG. The BBB penetration was increased by surface molecules (nine studies) or by means of external energy sources (in two studies). The most commonly used imaging modalities were MRI (four studies), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (three studies), and fluorescent microscopy (three studies). In two studies, the GNPs were conjugated with therapeutic agents. Conclusion Experimental studies demonstrated that GNPs might be versatile, persistent, and safe contrast agents for multimodality imaging, thus enhancing the tumor edges pre-, intra-, and post-operatively improving microscopic precision. The diagnostic GNPs might also be used for multiple therapeutic approaches, namely as "theranostic" NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Meola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Navjot Chaudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mayur Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Steven D Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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16
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Acres RG, Cheng X, Beranová K, Bercha S, Skála T, Matolín V, Xu Y, Prince KC, Tsud N. An experimental and theoretical study of adenine adsorption on Au(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4688-4698. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08102b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The parallel and upright adenine phases on Au(111) were studied by photoelectron and absorption spectroscopies in combination with density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xun Cheng
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Klára Beranová
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A
- Basovizza
- Italy
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
| | - Sofiia Bercha
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- 18000 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Skála
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- 18000 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Matolín
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- 18000 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Ye Xu
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | | | - Nataliya Tsud
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- 18000 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
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17
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Lovric G, Mokso R, Arcadu F, Vogiatzis Oikonomidis I, Schittny JC, Roth-Kleiner M, Stampanoni M. Tomographic in vivo microscopy for the study of lung physiology at the alveolar level. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12545. [PMID: 28970505 PMCID: PMC5624921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lungs represent the essential part of the mammalian respiratory system, which is reflected in the fact that lung failure still is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Establishing the connection between macroscopic observations of inspiration and expiration and the processes taking place at the microscopic scale remains crucial to understand fundamental physiological and pathological processes. Here we demonstrate for the first time in vivo synchrotron-based tomographic imaging of lungs with pixel sizes down to a micrometer, enabling first insights into high-resolution lung structure. We report the methodological ability to study lung inflation patterns at the alveolar scale and its potential in resolving still open questions in lung physiology. As a first application, we identified heterogeneous distension patterns at the alveolar level and assessed first comparisons of lungs between the in vivo and immediate post mortem states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Lovric
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland. .,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Rajmund Mokso
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Max IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Filippo Arcadu
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Vogiatzis Oikonomidis
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthias Roth-Kleiner
- Clinic of Neonatology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Stampanoni
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Meir R, Popovtzer R. Cell tracking using gold nanoparticles and computed tomography imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10. [PMID: 28544497 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies utilize transplantation of living cells with therapeutic traits to alleviate numerous diseases and disorders. The use of such biological agents is an attractive alternative for diseases that existing medicine cannot effectively treat. Although very promising, translating cell therapy to the clinic has proven to be challenging, due to inconsistent results in preclinical and clinical studies. To examine the underlying cause for these inconsistencies, it is crucial to noninvasively monitor the accuracy of cell injection, and cell survival and migration patterns. The combination of classical imaging techniques with cellular contrast agents-mainly nanotechnological-based-has enabled significant developments in cell-tracking methodologies. One novel methodology, based on computed tomography (CT) as an imaging modality and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as contrast agents, has recently gained interest for its clinical applicability and cost-effectiveness. Studies have shown that AuNPs can be used to efficiently label a variety of cell types, including stem cells and immune cells, without damaging their therapeutic efficacy. Successful in vivo experiments have demonstrated noninvasive, quantitative and longitudinal cell tracking with high sensitivity. This concept has the potential to be used not only as a research tool, but in clinical settings as well. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2018, 10:e1480. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1480 This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Meir
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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19
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Kim J, Chhour P, Hsu J, Litt HI, Ferrari VA, Popovtzer R, Cormode DP. Use of Nanoparticle Contrast Agents for Cell Tracking with Computed Tomography. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1581-1597. [PMID: 28485976 PMCID: PMC5481820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Efforts
to develop novel cell-based therapies originated with the
first bone marrow transplant on a leukemia patient in 1956. Preclinical
and clinical examples of cell-based treatment strategies have shown
promising results across many disciplines in medicine, with recent
advances in immune cell therapies for cancer producing remarkable
response rates, even in patients with multiple treatment failures.
However, cell-based therapies suffer from inconsistent outcomes, motivating
the search for tools that allow monitoring of cell delivery and behavior
in vivo. Noninvasive cell imaging techniques, also known as cell tracking,
have been developed to address this issue. These tools can allow real-time,
quantitative, and long-term monitoring of transplanted cells in the
recipient, providing insight on cell migration, distribution, viability,
differentiation, and fate, all of which play crucial roles in treatment
efficacy. Understanding these parameters allows the optimization of
cell choice, delivery route, and dosage for therapy and advances cell-based
therapy for specific clinical uses. To date, most cell tracking work
has centered on imaging modalities such as MRI, radionuclide imaging,
and optical imaging. However, X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an
emerging method for cell tracking that has several strengths such
as high spatial and temporal resolution, and excellent quantitative
capabilities. The advantages of CT for cell tracking are enhanced
by its wide availability and cost effectiveness, allowing CT to become
one of the most popular clinical imaging modalities and a key asset
in disease diagnosis. In this review, we will discuss recent advances
in cell tracking methods using X-ray CT in various applications, in
addition to predictions on how the field will progress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Department of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
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20
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Boltze J, Nitzsche F, Jolkkonen J, Weise G, Pösel C, Nitzsche B, Wagner DC. Concise Review: Increasing the Validity of Cerebrovascular Disease Models and Experimental Methods for Translational Stem Cell Research. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1141-1153. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Boltze
- Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology; Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology; Lübeck Germany
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Franziska Nitzsche
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Radiology; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania USA
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- Department of Neurology; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Gesa Weise
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Neurology; University of Leipzig; Germany
| | - Claudia Pösel
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Björn Nitzsche
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Leipzig; Germany
| | - Daniel-Christoph Wagner
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz; Germany
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21
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Meir R, Betzer O, Motiei M, Kronfeld N, Brodie C, Popovtzer R. Design principles for noninvasive, longitudinal and quantitative cell tracking with nanoparticle-based CT imaging. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:421-429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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22
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Chhour P, Kim J, Benardo B, Tovar A, Mian S, Litt HI, Ferrari VA, Cormode DP. Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Size and Coating on Labeling Monocytes for CT Tracking. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:260-269. [PMID: 28095688 PMCID: PMC5462122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With advances in cell therapies, interest in cell tracking techniques to monitor the migration, localization, and viability of these cells continues to grow. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a cornerstone of medical imaging but has been limited in cell tracking applications due to its low sensitivity toward contrast media. In this study, we investigate the role of size and surface functionality of gold nanoparticles for monocyte uptake to optimize the labeling of these cells for tracking in CT. We synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNP) that range from 15 to 150 nm in diameter and examined several capping ligands, generating 44 distinct AuNP formulations. In vitro cytotoxicity and uptake experiments were performed with the RAW 264.7 monocyte cell line. The majority of formulations at each size were found to be biocompatible, with only certain 150 nm PEG functionalized particles reducing viability at high concentrations. High uptake of AuNP was found using small capping ligands with distal carboxylic acids (11-MUA and 16-MHA). Similar uptake values were found with intermediate sizes (50 and 75 nm) of AuNP when coated with 2000 MW poly(ethylene-glycol) carboxylic acid ligands (PCOOH). Low uptake values were observed with 15, 25, 100, and 150 nm PCOOH AuNP, revealing interplay between size and surface functionality. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and CT performed on cells revealed similar patterns of high gold uptake for 50 nm PCOOH and 75 nm PCOOH AuNP. These results demonstrate that highly negatively charged carboxylic acid coatings for AuNP provide the greatest internalization of AuNP in monocytes, with a complex dependency on size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chhour
- Department of Radiology, ‡Department of Bioengineering, and §Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Johoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, ‡Department of Bioengineering, and §Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Barbara Benardo
- Department of Radiology, ‡Department of Bioengineering, and §Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alfredo Tovar
- Department of Radiology, ‡Department of Bioengineering, and §Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Shaameen Mian
- Department of Radiology, ‡Department of Bioengineering, and §Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Harold I Litt
- Department of Radiology, ‡Department of Bioengineering, and §Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Victor A Ferrari
- Department of Radiology, ‡Department of Bioengineering, and §Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, ‡Department of Bioengineering, and §Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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23
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Silva LHA, da Silva JR, Ferreira GA, Silva RC, Lima ECD, Azevedo RB, Oliveira DM. Labeling mesenchymal cells with DMSA-coated gold and iron oxide nanoparticles: assessment of biocompatibility and potential applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:59. [PMID: 27431051 PMCID: PMC4949766 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles' unique features have been highly explored in cellular therapies. However, nanoparticles can be cytotoxic. The cytotoxicity can be overcome by coating the nanoparticles with an appropriated surface modification. Nanoparticle coating influences biocompatibility between nanoparticles and cells and may affect some cell properties. Here, we evaluated the biocompatibility of gold and maghemite nanoparticles functionalized with 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), Au-DMSA and γ-Fe2O3-DMSA respectively, with human mesenchymal stem cells. Also, we tested these nanoparticles as tracers for mesenchymal stem cells in vivo tracking by computed tomography and as agents for mesenchymal stem cells magnetic targeting. RESULTS Significant cell death was not observed in MTT, Trypan Blue and light microscopy analyses. However, ultra-structural alterations as swollen and degenerated mitochondria, high amounts of myelin figures and structures similar to apoptotic bodies were detected in some mesenchymal stem cells. Au-DMSA and γ-Fe2O3-DMSA labeling did not affect mesenchymal stem cells adipogenesis and osteogenesis differentiation, proliferation rates or lymphocyte suppression capability. The uptake measurements indicated that both inorganic nanoparticles were well uptaken by mesenchymal stem cells. However, Au-DMSA could not be detected in microtomograph after being incorporated by mesenchymal stem cells. γ-Fe2O3-DMSA labeled cells were magnetically responsive in vitro and after infused in vivo in an experimental model of lung silicosis. CONCLUSION In terms of biocompatibility, the use of γ-Fe2O3-DMSA and Au-DMSA as tracers for mesenchymal stem cells was assured. However, Au-DMSA shown to be not suitable for visualization and tracking of these cells in vivo by standard computed microtomography. Otherwise, γ-Fe2O3-DMSA shows to be a promising agent for mesenchymal stem cells magnetic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa H A Silva
- IB-Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília-UNB, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro-Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline R da Silva
- IB-Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília-UNB, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro-Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-970, Brazil
| | | | - Renata C Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Emilia C D Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B Azevedo
- IB-Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília-UNB, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro-Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Daniela M Oliveira
- IB-Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília-UNB, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro-Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-970, Brazil.
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24
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Chen D, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Zhang LW. Intracellular imaging of quantum dots, gold, and iron oxide nanoparticles with associated endocytic pathways. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27418010 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (NP) have been used for biomedical applications especially for imaging. Compared to nonmetallic NP, metallic NP provide high contrast images because of their optical light scattering, magnetic resonance, X-ray absorption, or other physicochemical properties. In this review, a series of in vitro imaging techniques for metallic NP will be introduced, meanwhile their strengths and weaknesses will be discussed. By utilizing these imaging methods, the cellular uptake of metallic NP can be easily visualized to better understand the endocytic mechanisms of NP intracellular delivery. Several types of metallic NP that are used for imaging or as contrast agents such as quantum dots, gold, iron oxide, and other metallic NP will be presented. Cellular uptake of metallic NP and associated endocytic mechanisms highly depends upon the NP size, charge, surface coating, shape, or other factors such as cell type, cell differentiation status, cell surface status, external forces, protein binding, temperature, and the biological milieu. Classical endocytic routes such as lipid raft-mediated pathways, clathrin or caveolae-mediated pathways, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis have been investigated, yet there is still a demand to determine other endocytic pathways. Knowing the different methodologies used to determine the endocytic pathways will increase the understanding of NP toxicity, cancer cell targeting, and imaging, so that surface coatings can be created for efficient cell uptake of metallic NP with minimal cytotoxicity WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1419. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1419 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Nancy A Monteiro-Riviere
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
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Santiesteban DY, Kubelick K, Dhada KS, Dumani D, Suggs L, Emelianov S. Monitoring/Imaging and Regenerative Agents for Enhancing Tissue Engineering Characterization and Therapies. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:750-72. [PMID: 26692081 PMCID: PMC4956083 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The past three decades have seen numerous advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) therapies. However, despite the successes there is still much to be done before TERM therapies become commonplace in clinic. One of the main obstacles is the lack of knowledge regarding complex tissue engineering processes. Imaging strategies, in conjunction with exogenous contrast agents, can aid in this endeavor by assessing in vivo therapeutic progress. The ability to uncover real-time treatment progress will help shed light on the complex tissue engineering processes and lead to development of improved, adaptive treatments. More importantly, the utilized exogenous contrast agents can double as therapeutic agents. Proper use of these Monitoring/Imaging and Regenerative Agents (MIRAs) can help increase TERM therapy successes and allow for clinical translation. While other fields have exploited similar particles for combining diagnostics and therapy, MIRA research is still in its beginning stages with much of the current research being focused on imaging or therapeutic applications, separately. Advancing MIRA research will have numerous impacts on achieving clinical translations of TERM therapies. Therefore, it is our goal to highlight current MIRA progress and suggest future research that can lead to effective TERM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Y Santiesteban
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kelsey Kubelick
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kabir S Dhada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Diego Dumani
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Laura Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Stanislav Emelianov
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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26
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Chhour P, Naha PC, O'Neill SM, Litt HI, Reilly MP, Ferrari VA, Cormode DP. Labeling monocytes with gold nanoparticles to track their recruitment in atherosclerosis with computed tomography. Biomaterials 2016; 87:93-103. [PMID: 26914700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes are actively recruited from the circulation into developing atherosclerotic plaques. In the plaque, monocytes differentiate into macrophages and eventually form foam cells. Continued accumulation of foam cells can lead to plaque rupture and subsequent myocardial infarction. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is the best modality to image the coronary arteries non-invasively, therefore we have sought to track the accumulation of monocytes into atherosclerotic plaques using CT. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized and stabilized with a variety of ligands. Select formulations were incubated with an immortalized monocyte cell line in vitro and evaluated for cytotoxicity, effects on cytokine release, and cell uptake. These data identified a lead formulation, 11-MUDA capped gold nanoparticles, to test for labeling primary monocytes. The formulation did not the affect the viability or cytokine release of primary monocytes and was highly taken up by these cells. Gold labeled primary monocytes were injected into apolipoprotein E deficient mice kept on Western diet for 10 weeks. Imaging was done with a microCT scanner. A significant increase in attenuation was measured in the aorta of mice receiving the gold labeled cells as compared to control animals. Following the experiment, the biodistribution of gold was evaluated in major organs. Additionally, plaques were sectioned and examined with electron microscopy. The results showed that gold nanoparticles were present inside monocytes located within plaques. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using gold nanoparticles as effective cell labeling contrast agents for non-invasive imaging of monocyte accumulation within plaques with CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chhour
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pratap C Naha
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sean M O'Neill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Harold I Litt
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Victor A Ferrari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Lawrence M, Testen A, Koklic T, Smithies O. A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions. J Vis Exp 2016:e53388. [PMID: 26890032 PMCID: PMC4781725 DOI: 10.3791/53388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like oligomeric clusters of these yellow nanoparticles of narrow size distribution are synthesized under ambient conditions via two methods. The delay-time method controls the number of subunits in the oligoclusters by varying the time between the addition of HAuCl₄ to alkaline solution and the subsequent addition of reducing agent, NaSCN. The yellow oligoclusters produced range in size from ~3 to ~25 nm. This size range can be further extended by an add-on method utilizing hydroxylated gold chloride (Na(+)[Au(OH₄-x)Clx](-)) to auto-catalytically increase the number of subunits in the as-synthesized oligocluster nanoparticles, providing a total range of 3 nm to 70 nm. The crude oligocluster preparations display narrow size distributions and do not require further fractionation for most purposes. The oligoclusters formed can be concentrated >300 fold without aggregation and the crude reaction mixtures remain stable for weeks without further processing. Because these oligomeric clusters can be concentrated before derivatization they allow expensive derivatizing agents to be used economically. In addition, we present two models by which predictions of particle size can be made with great accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Lawrence
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;
| | - Anze Testen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Tilen Koklic
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Laboratory of Biophysics, Jozef Stefan Institute;
| | - Oliver Smithies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;
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28
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Transdermal treatment of the surgical and burned wound skin via phytochemical-capped gold nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:166-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Meir R, Motiei M, Popovtzer R. Gold nanoparticles for in vivo cell tracking. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 9:2059-69. [PMID: 25343353 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy offers a promising solution for the treatment of diseases and injuries that conventional medicines and therapies cannot cure effectively, and thus comprises an encouraging arena for future medical breakthroughs. The development of an accurate and quantitative noninvasive cell tracking technique is a highly challenging task that could help in evaluating the effectiveness of treatments. Moreover, cell tracking could provide essential knowledge regarding the fundamental trafficking patterns and poorly understood mechanisms underlying the success or failure of cell therapy. This article focuses on gold nanoparticles, which provide cells with 'visibility' in a variety of imaging modalities for stem cell therapy, immune cell therapy and cancer treatment. Current challenges and future prospects relating to the use of gold nanoparticles in such roles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Meir
- Bar-Ilan University, Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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30
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Meir R, Shamalov K, Betzer O, Motiei M, Horovitz-Fried M, Yehuda R, Popovtzer A, Popovtzer R, Cohen CJ. Nanomedicine for Cancer Immunotherapy: Tracking Cancer-Specific T-Cells in Vivo with Gold Nanoparticles and CT Imaging. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6363-72. [PMID: 26039633 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Application of immune cell-based therapy in routine clinical practice is challenging due to the poorly understood mechanisms underlying success or failure of treatment. Development of accurate and quantitative imaging techniques for noninvasive cell tracking can provide essential knowledge for elucidating these mechanisms. We designed a novel method for longitudinal and quantitative in vivo cell tracking, based on the superior visualization abilities of classical X-ray computed tomography (CT), combined with state-of-the-art nanotechnology. Herein, T-cells were transduced to express a melanoma-specific T-cell receptor and then labeled with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as a CT contrast agent. The GNP-labeled T-cells were injected intravenously to mice bearing human melanoma xenografts, and whole-body CT imaging allowed examination of the distribution, migration, and kinetics of T-cells. Using CT, we found that transduced T-cells accumulated at the tumor site, as opposed to nontransduced cells. Labeling with gold nanoparticles did not affect T-cell function, as demonstrated both in vitro, by cytokine release and proliferation assays, and in vivo, as tumor regression was observed. Moreover, to validate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed cell tracking technique, T-cells were labeled both with green fluorescent protein for fluorescence imaging, and with GNPs for CT imaging. A remarkable correlation in signal intensity at the tumor site was observed between the two imaging modalities, at all time points examined, providing evidence for the accuracy of our CT cell tracking abilities. This new method for cell tracking with CT offers a valuable tool for research, and more importantly for clinical applications, to study the fate of immune cells in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Meir
- †Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Katerina Shamalov
- ‡Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Oshra Betzer
- †Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Menachem Motiei
- †Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Miryam Horovitz-Fried
- ‡Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Ronen Yehuda
- §The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Aron Popovtzer
- ∥Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqwa 49100, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- †Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Cyrille J Cohen
- ‡Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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31
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Domey J, Teichgräber U, Hilger I. Gold nanoparticles allow detection of early-stage edema in mice via computed tomography imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3803-14. [PMID: 26082631 PMCID: PMC4459621 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s77383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their high X-ray attenuation, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) emerged as preclinical contrast agents by giving high vasculature contrast. For this reason, GNPs are regularly applied for computed tomography (CT) imaging of tumors but not for the visualization of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and applicability of preclinical GNPs (AuroVist™) of two different sizes (1.9 nm and 15 nm) for the detection of inflammation-associated phagocytes in early-stage edema. Both GNP variants were stable under in vitro conditions and achieved high micro-CT (mCT) contrast after embedment into agarose. Fifteen-nanometer GNPs were detected after uptake into macrophages via mCT imaging exhibiting higher X-ray contrast than cells treated with 1.9 nm GNPs and untreated ones. Both 1.9 nm and 15 nm GNPs exhibited good biocompatibility on murine macrophages according to ATP and cellular dehydrogenase levels. Reactive oxygen species levels produced by phagocytic cells decreased significantly (P≤0.05) after co-incubation with GNPs regardless of the size of the nanoparticle (NP) in comparison to untreated control cells. In vivo mCT studies of inflammation imaging revealed that GNPs with a diameter of 15 nm accumulated within subcutaneous edema 2 hours after injection with a maximum signaling 8 hours postinjection and could be detected up to 48 hours within the edema region. In contrast, 1.9 nm GNPs were not shown to accumulate at the site of the inflammation region and were mostly excreted via the renal system 2–4 hours after injection. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that both GNP variants (1.9 nm and 15 nm) were stable and biocompatible under in vitro conditions. However, only 15 nm NPs have the potential as contrast agent for phagocyte labeling and applications in CT imaging of inflammation on a cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Domey
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulf Teichgräber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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32
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Qie F, Astolfo A, Wickramaratna M, Behe M, Evans MDM, Hughes TC, Hao X, Tan T. Self-assembled gold coating enhances X-ray imaging of alginate microcapsules. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2480-2488. [PMID: 25567482 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06692h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic biomolecules produced from cells encapsulated within alginate microcapsules (MCs) offer a potential treatment for a number of diseases. However the fate of such MCs once implanted into the body is difficult to establish. Labelling the MCs with medical imaging contrast agents may aid their detection and give researchers the ability to track them over time thus aiding the development of such cellular therapies. Here we report the preparation of MCs with a self-assembled gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) coating which results in distinctive contrast and enables them to be readily identified using a conventional small animal X-ray micro-CT scanner. Cationic Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) homopolymer modified AuNPs (PAuNPs) were coated onto the surface of negatively charged alginate MCs resulting in hybrids which possessed low cytotoxicity and high mechanical stability in vitro. As a result of their high localized Au concentration, the hybrid MCs exhibited a distinctive bright circular ring even with a low X-ray dose and rapid scanning in post-mortem imaging experiments facilitating their positive identification and potentially enabling them to be used for in vivo tracking experiments over multiple time-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Qie
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China.
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Abstract
Nanoparticles are frequently suggested as diagnostic agents. However, except for iron oxide nanoparticles, diagnostic nanoparticles have been barely incorporated into clinical use so far. This is predominantly due to difficulties in achieving acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and reproducible particle uniformity as well as to concerns about toxicity, biodegradation, and elimination. Reasonable indications for the clinical utilization of nanoparticles should consider their biologic behavior. For example, many nanoparticles are taken up by macrophages and accumulate in macrophage-rich tissues. Thus, they can be used to provide contrast in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and inflammatory lesions (eg, atherosclerotic plaques). Furthermore, cells can be efficiently labeled with nanoparticles, enabling the localization of implanted (stem) cells and tissue-engineered grafts as well as in vivo migration studies of cells. The potential of using nanoparticles for molecular imaging is compromised because their pharmacokinetic properties are difficult to control. Ideal targets for nanoparticles are localized on the endothelial luminal surface, whereas targeted nanoparticle delivery to extravascular structures is often limited and difficult to separate from an underlying enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The majority of clinically used nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are based on the EPR effect, and, for their more personalized use, imaging markers can be incorporated to monitor biodistribution, target site accumulation, drug release, and treatment efficacy. In conclusion, although nanoparticles are not always the right choice for molecular imaging (because smaller or larger molecules might provide more specific information), there are other diagnostic and theranostic applications for which nanoparticles hold substantial clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kiessling
- From the Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (F.K., M.E.M., T.L.); and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.G.)
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34
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A simple way to track single gold-loaded alginate microcapsules using x-ray CT in small animal longitudinal studies. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1821-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Cabral RM, Baptista PV. Anti-cancer precision theranostics: a focus on multifunctional gold nanoparticles. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:1041-52. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.965683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Olubamiji AD, Izadifar Z, Chen DX. Synchrotron Imaging Techniques for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Potential, Current Trends, and Future Directions. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:503-22. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zohreh Izadifar
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Daniel Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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37
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Martinson M, Samadi N, Belev G, Bassey B, Lewis R, Aulakh G, Chapman D. Development of a bent Laue beam-expanding double-crystal monochromator for biomedical X-ray imaging. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:479-483. [PMID: 24763635 PMCID: PMC3998813 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577514003014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Biomedical Imaging and Therapy (BMIT) beamline at the Canadian Light Source has produced some excellent biological imaging data. However, the disadvantage of a small vertical beam limits its usability in some applications. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging requires multiple scans to produce a full projection, and certain dynamic imaging experiments are not possible. A larger vertical beam is desirable. It was cost-prohibitive to build a longer beamline that would have produced a large vertical beam. Instead, it was proposed to develop a beam expander that would create a beam appearing to originate at a source much farther away. This was accomplished using a bent Laue double-crystal monochromator in a non-dispersive divergent geometry. The design and implementation of this beam expander is presented along with results from the micro-CT and dynamic imaging tests conducted with this beam. Flux (photons per unit area per unit time) has been measured and found to be comparable with the existing flat Bragg double-crystal monochromator in use at BMIT. This increase in overall photon count is due to the enhanced bandwidth of the bent Laue configuration. Whilst the expanded beam quality is suitable for dynamic imaging and micro-CT, further work is required to improve its phase and coherence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Martinson
- Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Room 163, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - Nazanin Samadi
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E5
| | - George Belev
- Biomedical Imaging and Therapy Beamlines, Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Bassey Bassey
- Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Room 163, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - Rob Lewis
- Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E5
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gurpreet Aulakh
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E5
| | - Dean Chapman
- Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Room 163, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E2
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E5
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Schültke E, Menk R, Pinzer B, Astolfo A, Stampanoni M, Arfelli F, Harsan LA, Nikkhah G. Single-cell resolution in high-resolution synchrotron X-ray CT imaging with gold nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:242-50. [PMID: 24365943 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577513029007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are excellent intracellular markers in X-ray imaging. Having shown previously the suitability of gold nanoparticles to detect small groups of cells with the synchrotron-based computed tomography (CT) technique both ex vivo and in vivo, it is now demonstrated that even single-cell resolution can be obtained in the brain at least ex vivo. Working in a small animal model of malignant brain tumour, the image quality obtained with different imaging modalities was compared. To generate the brain tumour, 1 × 10(5) C6 glioma cells were loaded with gold nanoparticles and implanted in the right cerebral hemisphere of an adult rat. Raw data were acquired with absorption X-ray CT followed by a local tomography technique based on synchrotron X-ray absorption yielding single-cell resolution. The reconstructed synchrotron X-ray images were compared with images obtained by small animal magnetic resonance imaging. The presence of gold nanoparticles in the tumour tissue was verified in histological sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schültke
- Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Strasse 64, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Ralf Menk
- Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Bernd Pinzer
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Astolfo
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Marco Stampanoni
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Fulvia Arfelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura-Adela Harsan
- Medical Physics, Radiology Department, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Guido Nikkhah
- Neurochirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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39
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Recent advances in theranostic nanocarriers of doxorubicin based on iron oxide and gold nanoparticles. J Control Release 2013; 169:48-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Astolfo A, Arfelli F, Schültke E, James S, Mancini L, Menk RH. A detailed study of gold-nanoparticle loaded cells using X-ray based techniques for cell-tracking applications with single-cell sensitivity. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:3337-3345. [PMID: 23467621 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr34089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study complementary high-resolution imaging techniques on different length scales are applied to elucidate a cellular loading protocol of gold nanoparticles and subsequently its impact on long term and high-resolution cell-tracking utilizing X-ray technology. Although demonstrated for malignant cell lines the results can be applied to non-malignant cell lines as well. In particular the accumulation of the gold marker per cell has been assessed quantitatively by virtue of electron microscopy, two-dimensional X-ray fluorescence imaging techniques and X-ray CT with micrometric and sub-micrometric resolution. Moreover, utilizing these techniques the three dimensional distribution of the incorporated nanoparticles, which are sequestered in lysosomes as a permanent marker, could be determined. The latter allowed elucidation of the gold partition during mitosis and the cell size, which subsequently enabled us to define the optimal instrument settings of a compact microCT system to visualize gold loaded cells. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of cell-tracking using X-ray CT with compact sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Astolfo
- Australian Synchrotron Company Ltd, 800, Blackburn Rd., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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Jung SY, Ahn S, Seo E, Lee SJ. Detection of circulating tumor cells via an X-ray imaging technique. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2013; 20:324-331. [PMID: 23412490 DOI: 10.1107/s090904951204873x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Detailed information on the location and the size of tumor cells circulating through lymphatic and blood vessels is useful to cancer diagnosis. Metastasis of cancers to other non-adjacent organs is reported to cause 90% of deaths not from the primary tumors. Therefore, effective detection of circulating tumors cells (CTCs) related to metastasis is emphasized in cancer treatments. With the use of synchrotron X-ray micro-imaging techniques, high-resolution images of individual flowing tumor cells were obtained. Positively charged gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) which were inappropriate for incorporation into human red blood cells were selectively incorporated into tumor cells to enhance the image contrast. This approach enables images of individual cancer cells and temporal movements of CTCs to be captured by the high X-ray absorption efficiency of selectively incorporated AuNPs. This new technology for in vivo imaging of CTCs would contribute to improve cancer diagnosis and cancer therapy prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yong Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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