1
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Nuckhir M, Withey D, Cabral S, Harrison H, Clarke RB. State of the Art Modelling of the Breast Cancer Metastatic Microenvironment: Where Are We? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2024; 29:14. [PMID: 39012440 PMCID: PMC11252219 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-024-09567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic spread of tumour cells to tissues and organs around the body is the most frequent cause of death from breast cancer. This has been modelled mainly using mouse models such as syngeneic mammary cancer or human in mouse xenograft models. These have limitations for modelling human disease progression and cannot easily be used for investigation of drug resistance and novel therapy screening. To complement these approaches, advances are being made in ex vivo and 3D in vitro models, which are becoming progressively better at reliably replicating the tumour microenvironment and will in the future facilitate drug development and screening. These approaches include microfluidics, organ-on-a-chip and use of advanced biomaterials. The relevant tissues to be modelled include those that are frequent and clinically important sites of metastasis such as bone, lung, brain, liver for invasive ductal carcinomas and a distinct set of common metastatic sites for lobular breast cancer. These sites all have challenges to model due to their unique cellular compositions, structure and complexity. The models, particularly in vivo, provide key information on the intricate interactions between cancer cells and the native tissue, and will guide us in producing specific therapies that are helpful in different context of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Nuckhir
- Breast Biology Group, Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - David Withey
- Breast Biology Group, Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Sara Cabral
- Breast Biology Group, Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Hannah Harrison
- Breast Biology Group, Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK.
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Breast Biology Group, Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK.
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2
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Bernadi-Forteza A, Mallon M, Velasco-Gallego C, Cubo-Mateo N. A Systematic Review on the Generation of Organic Structures through Additive Manufacturing Techniques. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2027. [PMID: 39065345 PMCID: PMC11280941 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a transformative technology in the fabrication of intricate structures, offering unparalleled adaptability in crafting complex geometries. Particularly noteworthy is its burgeoning significance within the realm of medical prosthetics, owing to its capacity to seamlessly replicate anatomical forms utilizing biocompatible materials. Notably, the fabrication of porous architectures stands as a cornerstone in orthopaedic prosthetic development and bone tissue engineering. Porous constructs crafted via AM exhibit meticulously adjustable pore dimensions, shapes, and porosity levels, thus rendering AM indispensable in their production. This systematic review ventures to furnish a comprehensive examination of extant research endeavours centred on the generation of porous scaffolds through additive manufacturing modalities. Its primary aim is to delineate variances among distinct techniques, materials, and structural typologies employed, with the overarching objective of scrutinizing the cutting-edge methodologies in engineering self-supported stochastic printable porous frameworks via AM, specifically for bone scaffold fabrication. Findings show that most of the structures analysed correspond to lattice structures. However, there is a strong tendency to use organic structures generated by mathematical models and printed using powder bed fusion techniques. However, no work has been found that proposes a self-supporting design for organic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bernadi-Forteza
- Research Group ARIES, Higher Polytechnic School, Nebrija University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.V.-G.); (N.C.-M.)
| | - Michael Mallon
- European Space Research and Technology Centre, European Space Agency, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands;
| | - Christian Velasco-Gallego
- Research Group ARIES, Higher Polytechnic School, Nebrija University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.V.-G.); (N.C.-M.)
| | - Nieves Cubo-Mateo
- Research Group ARIES, Higher Polytechnic School, Nebrija University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.V.-G.); (N.C.-M.)
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Khanmohammadi M, Volpi M, Walejewska E, Olszewska A, Swieszkowski W. Printing of 3D biomimetic structures for the study of bone metastasis: A review. Acta Biomater 2024; 178:24-40. [PMID: 38458512 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Bone metastasis primarily occurs when breast, prostate, or lung cancers disseminate tumoral cells into bone tissue, leading to a range of complications in skeletal tissues and, in severe cases, paralysis resulting from spinal cord compression. Unfortunately, our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms is incomplete and the translation of bone metastasis research into the clinic has been slow, mainly due to the lack of credible ex vivo and in vivo models to study the disease progression. Development of reliable and rational models to study how tumor cells become circulating cells and then invade and sequentially colonize the bone are in great need. Advances in tissue engineering technologies offers reliable 3D tissue alternatives which answer relevant research questions towards the understanding of cancer evolution and key functional properties of metastasis progression as well as prognosis of therapeutic approach. Here we performed an overview of cellular mechanisms involved in bone metastasis including a short summary of normal bone physiology and metastasis initiation and progression. Also, we comprehensively summarized current advances and methodologies in fabrication of reliable bone tumor models based on state-of-the-art printing technologies which recapitulate structural and biological features of native tissue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review provides a comprehensive summary of the collective findings in relation to various printed bone metastasis models utilized for investigating specific bone metastasis diseases, related characteristic functions and chemotherapeutic drug screening. These tumoral models are comprehensively evaluated and compared, in terms of their ability to recapitulate physiological metastasis microenvironment. Various biomaterials (natural and synthetic polymers and ceramic based substrates) and printing strategies and design architecture of models used for printing of 3D bone metastasis models are discussed here. This review clearly out-lines current challenges and prospects for 3D printing technologies in bone metastasis research by focusing on the required perspective models for clinical application of these technologies in chemotherapeutic drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khanmohammadi
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, Warsaw 02-507, Poland.
| | - Marina Volpi
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
| | - Ewa Walejewska
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
| | - Alicja Olszewska
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, Warsaw 02-507, Poland.
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4
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Kolahi Azar H, Gharibshahian M, Rostami M, Mansouri V, Sabouri L, Beheshtizadeh N, Rezaei N. The progressive trend of modeling and drug screening systems of breast cancer bone metastasis. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:14. [PMID: 38317174 PMCID: PMC10845631 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is considered as a considerable challenge for breast cancer patients. Various in vitro and in vivo models have been developed to examine this occurrence. In vitro models are employed to simulate the intricate tumor microenvironment, investigate the interplay between cells and their adjacent microenvironment, and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for tumors. The endeavor to replicate the latency period of bone metastasis in animal models has presented a challenge, primarily due to the necessity of primary tumor removal and the presence of multiple potential metastatic sites.The utilization of novel bone metastasis models, including three-dimensional (3D) models, has been proposed as a promising approach to overcome the constraints associated with conventional 2D and animal models. However, existing 3D models are limited by various factors, such as irregular cellular proliferation, autofluorescence, and changes in genetic and epigenetic expression. The imperative for the advancement of future applications of 3D models lies in their standardization and automation. The utilization of artificial intelligence exhibits the capability to predict cellular behavior through the examination of substrate materials' chemical composition, geometry, and mechanical performance. The implementation of these algorithms possesses the capability to predict the progression and proliferation of cancer. This paper reviewed the mechanisms of bone metastasis following primary breast cancer. Current models of breast cancer bone metastasis, along with their challenges, as well as the future perspectives of using these models for translational drug development, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Kolahi Azar
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rostami
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Science and Nutrition Group (FSAN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Sabouri
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Ortiz-Ortiz DN, Mokarizadeh AH, Segal M, Dang F, Zafari M, Tsige M, Joy A. Synergistic Effect of Physical and Chemical Cross-Linkers Enhances Shape Fidelity and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printable Low-Modulus Polyesters. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5091-5104. [PMID: 37882707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming increasingly prevalent in tissue engineering, driving the demand for low-modulus, high-performance, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymers. Extrusion-based direct-write (EDW) 3D printing enables printing and customization of low-modulus materials, ranging from cell-free printing to cell-laden bioinks that closely resemble natural tissue. While EDW holds promise, the requirement for soft materials with excellent printability and shape fidelity postprinting remains unmet. The development of new synthetic materials for 3D printing applications has been relatively slow, and only a small polymer library is available for tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, most of these polymers require high temperature (FDM) or additives and solvents (DLP/SLA) to enable printability. In this study, we present low-modulus 3D printable polyester inks that enable low-temperature printing without the need for solvents or additives. To maintain shape fidelity, we incorporate physical and chemical cross-linkers. These 3D printable polyester inks contain pendant amide groups as the physical cross-linker and coumarin pendant groups as the photochemical cross-linker. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirm the presence of physical interactions between different pendants, including hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The combination of the two types of cross-linkers enhances the zero-shear viscosity and hence provides good printability and shape fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliris N Ortiz-Ortiz
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Abdol Hadi Mokarizadeh
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Maddison Segal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Francis Dang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Mahdi Zafari
- Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Mesfin Tsige
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Abraham Joy
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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6
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Backes EH, Zamproni LN, Delgado-Garcia LM, Pinto LA, Lemes RMR, Bartolomeo CS, Porcionatto MA. Protocol for designing and bioprinting multi-layered constructs to reconstruct an endothelial-epithelial 3D model. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102467. [PMID: 37585294 PMCID: PMC10436237 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting has opened new possibilities and elevated tissue engineering complexity. Here, we present a protocol to design a 3D model with two cell lineage layers (A549 and HUVEC) to recreate multi-cell constructs. We describe the steps for slicing the constructs, handling hydrogels, and detailing the bioprinting setup. These 3D-bioprinted constructs can be adapted to various cell models-from primary cell cultures to commercial cell lines and induced pluripotent stem cells (IPCs)-and applications, including drug screening and disease modeling. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Cruz et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Henrique Backes
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo 04044020, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039002, Brazil; Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565905, Brazil; Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565905, Brazil.
| | - Laura Nicoleti Zamproni
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo 04044020, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039002, Brazil
| | - Lina Maria Delgado-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo 04044020, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039002, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Alves Pinto
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565905, Brazil
| | | | - Cynthia Silva Bartolomeo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Baixada Santista 11015020, Brazil
| | - Marimélia Aparecida Porcionatto
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo 04044020, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039002, Brazil.
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7
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Agarwal N, Solanki VS, Ameta KL, Yadav VK, Gupta P, Wanale SG, Shrivastava R, Soni A, Sahoo DK, Patel A. 4-Dimensional printing: exploring current and future capabilities in biomedical and healthcare systems-a Concise review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1251425. [PMID: 37675401 PMCID: PMC10478005 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1251425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Dimensional Printing (4DP) is the latest concept in the pharmacy and biomedical segment with enormous potential in dosage from personalization and medication designing, which adopts time as the fourth dimension, giving printed structures the flexibility to modify their morphology. It can be defined as the fabrication in morphology with the help of smart/intelligent materials like polymers that permit the final object to alter its properties, shape, or function in response to external stimuli such as heat, light, pH, and moisture. The applications of 4DP in biomedicines and healthcare are explored with a focus on tissue engineering, artificial organs, drug delivery, pharmaceutical and biomedical field, etc. In the medical treatments and pharmaceutical field 4DP is paving the way with unlimited potential applications; however, its mainstream use in healthcare and medical treatments is highly dependent on future developments and thorough research findings. Therefore, previous innovations with smart materials are likely to act as precursors of 4DP in many industries. This review highlights the most recent applications of 4DP technology and smart materials in biomedical and healthcare fields which can show a better perspective of 4DP applications in the future. However, in view of the existing limitations, major challenges of this technology must be addressed along with some suggestions for future research. We believe that the application of proper regulatory constraints with 4DP technology would pave the way for the next technological revolution in the biomedical and healthcare sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Navyug Kanya Mahavidyalaya, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Vijendra Singh Solanki
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Research (ISR), IPS Academy, Indore, India
| | - Keshav Lalit Ameta
- Centre for Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Material Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gujarat, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Premlata Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Research (ISR), IPS Academy, Indore, India
| | | | - Ruchi Shrivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Research (ISR), IPS Academy, Indore, India
| | - Anjali Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Medicaps University, Indore, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
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8
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González Díaz EC, Tai M, Monette CEF, Wu JY, Yang F. Spatially patterned 3D model mimics key features of cancer metastasis to bone. Biomaterials 2023; 299:122163. [PMID: 37236137 PMCID: PMC10621670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone is the most common target of metastasis in breast cancer and prostate cancer, leading to significant mortality due to lack of effective treatments. The discovery of novel therapies has been hampered by a lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models that can mimic key clinical features of bone metastases. To fill this critical gap, here we report spatially patterned, tissue engineered 3D models of breast cancer and prostate cancer bone metastasis which mimic bone-specific invasion, cancer aggressiveness, cancer-induced dysregulation of bone remodeling, and in vivo drug response. We demonstrate the potential of integrating such 3D models with single-cell RNA sequencing to identify key signaling drivers of cancer metastasis to bone. Together, these results validate that spatially patterned 3D bone metastasis models mimic key clinical features of bone metastasis and can serve as a novel research tool to elucidate bone metastasis biology and expedite drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C González Díaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Michelle Tai
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Callan E F Monette
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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9
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Fischetti T, Borciani G, Avnet S, Rubini K, Baldini N, Graziani G, Boanini E. Incorporation/Enrichment of 3D Bioprinted Constructs by Biomimetic Nanoparticles: Tuning Printability and Cell Behavior in Bone Models. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2040. [PMID: 37513050 PMCID: PMC10386079 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Reproducing in vitro a model of the bone microenvironment is a current need. Preclinical in vitro screening, drug discovery, as well as pathophysiology studies may benefit from in vitro three-dimensional (3D) bone models, which permit high-throughput screening, low costs, and high reproducibility, overcoming the limitations of the conventional two-dimensional cell cultures. In order to obtain these models, 3D bioprinting offers new perspectives by allowing a combination of advanced techniques and inks. In this context, we propose the use of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, assimilated to the mineral component of bone, as a route to tune the printability and the characteristics of the scaffold and to guide cell behavior. To this aim, both stoichiometric and Sr-substituted hydroxyapatite nanocrystals are used, so as to obtain different particle shapes and solubility. Our findings show that the nanoparticles have the desired shape and composition and that they can be embedded in the inks without loss of cell viability. Both Sr-containing and stoichiometric hydroxyapatite crystals permit enhancing the printing fidelity of the scaffolds in a particle-dependent fashion and control the swelling behavior and ion release of the scaffolds. Once Saos-2 cells are encapsulated in the scaffolds, high cell viability is detected until late time points, with a good cellular distribution throughout the material. We also show that even minor modifications in the hydroxyapatite particle characteristics result in a significantly different behavior of the scaffolds. This indicates that the use of calcium phosphate nanocrystals and structural ion-substitution is a promising approach to tune the behavior of 3D bioprinted constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgia Borciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Rubini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Boanini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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10
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Pasquier E, Rosendahl J, Solberg A, Ståhlberg A, Håkansson J, Chinga-Carrasco G. Polysaccharides and Structural Proteins as Components in Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Breast Cancer Tissue Models: A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:682. [PMID: 37370613 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and even though treatments are available, efficiency varies with the patients. In vitro 2D models are commonly used to develop new treatments. However, 2D models overestimate drug efficiency, which increases the failure rate in later phase III clinical trials. New model systems that allow extensive and efficient drug screening are thus required. Three-dimensional printed hydrogels containing active components for cancer cell growth are interesting candidates for the preparation of next generation cancer cell models. Macromolecules, obtained from marine- and land-based resources, can form biopolymers (polysaccharides such as alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and cellulose) and bioactive components (structural proteins such as collagen, gelatin, and silk fibroin) in hydrogels with adequate physical properties in terms of porosity, rheology, and mechanical strength. Hence, in this study attention is given to biofabrication methods and to the modification with biological macromolecules to become bioactive and, thus, optimize 3D printed structures that better mimic the cancer cell microenvironment. Ink formulations combining polysaccharides for tuning the mechanical properties and bioactive polymers for controlling cell adhesion is key to optimizing the growth of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pasquier
- RISE PFI AS, Høgskoleringen 6b, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jennifer Rosendahl
- RISE Unit of Biological Function, Division Materials and Production, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 857, 50115 Borås, Sweden
| | - Amalie Solberg
- RISE PFI AS, Høgskoleringen 6b, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Håkansson
- RISE Unit of Biological Function, Division Materials and Production, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 857, 50115 Borås, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Marques JROF, González-Alva P, Yu-Tong Lin R, Ferreira Fernandes B, Chaurasia A, Dubey N. Advances in tissue engineering of cancer microenvironment-from three-dimensional culture to three-dimensional printing. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:152-164. [PMID: 37019216 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment development is a complex process, with tumor heterogeneity and inter-patient variations limiting the success of therapeutic intervention. Traditional two-dimensional cell culture has been used to study cancer metabolism, but it fails to capture physiologically relevant cell-cell and cell-environment interactions required to mimic tumor-specific architecture. Over the past three decades, research efforts in the field of 3D cancer model fabrication using tissue engineering have addressed this unmet need. The self-organized and scaffold-based model has shown potential to study the cancer microenvironment and eventually bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and animal models. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as an exciting and novel biofabrication strategy aimed at developing a 3D compartmentalized hierarchical organization with the precise positioning of biomolecules, including living cells. In this review, we discuss the advancements in 3D culture techniques for the fabrication of cancer models, as well as their benefits and limitations. We also highlight future directions associated with technological advances, detailed applicative research, patient compliance, and regulatory challenges to achieve a successful bed-to-bench transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rita Oliveira Faria Marques
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group (GIBBO), Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ruby Yu-Tong Lin
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beatriz Ferreira Fernandes
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group (GIBBO), Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Akhilanand Chaurasia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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12
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Maresca JA, DeMel DC, Wagner GA, Haase C, Geibel JP. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Applications for Bone Tissue Engineering. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091230. [PMID: 37174630 PMCID: PMC10177443 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal system is a key support structure within the body. Bones have unique abilities to grow and regenerate after injury. Some injuries or degeneration of the tissues cannot rebound and must be repaired by the implantation of foreign objects following injury or disease. This process is invasive and does not always improve the quality of life of the patient. New techniques have arisen that can improve bone replacement or repair. 3D bioprinting employs a printer capable of printing biological materials in multiple directions. 3D bioprinting potentially requires multiple steps and additional support structures, which may include the use of hydrogels for scaffolding. In this review, we discuss normal bone physiology and pathophysiology and how bioprinting can be adapted to further the field of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Maresca
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, University of New Haven, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Derek C DeMel
- Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Grayson A Wagner
- Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Colin Haase
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, University of New Haven, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - John P Geibel
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, University of New Haven, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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13
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Fröhlich E. The Variety of 3D Breast Cancer Models for the Study of Tumor Physiology and Drug Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087116. [PMID: 37108283 PMCID: PMC10139112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and responsible for multiple deaths worldwide. 3D cancer models enable a better representation of tumor physiology than the conventional 2D cultures. This review summarizes the important components of physiologically relevant 3D models and describes the spectrum of 3D breast cancer models, e.g., spheroids, organoids, breast cancer on a chip and bioprinted tissues. The generation of spheroids is relatively standardized and easy to perform. Microfluidic systems allow control over the environment and the inclusion of sensors and can be combined with spheroids or bioprinted models. The strength of bioprinting relies on the spatial control of the cells and the modulation of the extracellular matrix. Except for the predominant use of breast cancer cell lines, the models differ in stromal cell composition, matrices and fluid flow. Organoids are most appropriate for personalized treatment, but all technologies can mimic most aspects of breast cancer physiology. Fetal bovine serum as a culture supplement and Matrigel as a scaffold limit the reproducibility and standardization of the listed 3D models. The integration of adipocytes is needed because they possess an important role in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
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14
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Lamouline A, Bersini S, Moretti M. In vitro models of breast cancer bone metastasis: analyzing drug resistance through the lens of the microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1135401. [PMID: 37182144 PMCID: PMC10168004 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1135401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though breast cancers usually have a good outcome compared to other tumors, the cancer can progress and create metastases in different parts of the organism, the bone being a predilection locus. These metastases are usually the cause of death, as they are mostly resistant to treatments. This resistance can be caused by intrinsic properties of the tumor, such as its heterogeneity, but it can also be due to the protective role of the microenvironment. By activating signaling pathways protecting cancer cells when exposed to chemotherapy, contributing to their ability to reach dormancy, or even reducing the amount of drug able to reach the metastases, among other mechanisms, the specificities of the bone tissue are being investigated as important players of drug resistance. To this date, most mechanisms of this resistance are yet to be discovered, and many researchers are implementing in vitro models to study the interaction between the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Here, we will review what is known about breast cancer drug resistance in bone metastasis due to the microenvironment and we will use those observations to highlight which features in vitro models should include to properly recapitulate these biological aspects in vitro. We will also detail which elements advanced in vitro models should implement in order to better recapitulate in vivo physiopathology and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Lamouline
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Laboratories for Translational Research (LRT), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Bersini
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Laboratories for Translational Research (LRT), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Euler Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Laboratories for Translational Research (LRT), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Euler Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
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15
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Tang RZ, Liu XQ. Biophysical cues of in vitro biomaterials-based artificial extracellular matrix guide cancer cell plasticity. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100607. [PMID: 36960095 PMCID: PMC10027567 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence supports a role for the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cancer plasticity across multiple tumor types. The lack of in vitro models that represent the native ECMs is a significant challenge for cancer research and drug discovery. Therefore, a major motivation for developing new tumor models is to create the artificial ECM in vitro. Engineered biomaterials can closely mimic the architectural and mechanical properties of ECM to investigate their specific effects on cancer progression, offering an alternative to animal models for the testing of cancer cell behaviors. In this review, we focused on the biomaterials from different sources applied in the fabrication of the artificial ECM and their biophysical cues to recapitulate key features of tumor niche. Furthermore, we summarized how the distinct biophysical cues guided cell behaviors of cancer plasticity, including morphology, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs), proliferation, migration/invasion and drug resistance. We also discuss the future opportunities in using the artificial ECM for applications of tumorigenesis research and precision medicine, as well as provide useful messages of principles for designing suitable biomaterial scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhi Tang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, PR China
| | - Xi-Qiu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Ingavle G, Das M. Bench to Bedside: New Therapeutic Approaches with Extracellular Vesicles and Engineered Biomaterials for Targeting Therapeutic Resistance of Cancer Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4673-4696. [PMID: 36194142 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has recently been the second leading cause of death worldwide, trailing only cardiovascular disease. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), represented as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are mainly liable for chemoresistance and disease relapse due to their self-renewal capability and differentiating capacity into different types of tumor cells. The intricate molecular mechanism is necessary to elucidate CSC's chemoresistance properties and cancer recurrence. Establishing efficient strategies for CSC maintenance and enrichment is essential to elucidate the mechanisms and properties of CSCs and CSC-related therapeutic measures. Current approaches are insufficient to mimic the in vivo chemical and physical conditions for the maintenance and growth of CSC and yield unreliable research results. Biomaterials are now widely used for simulating the bone marrow microenvironment. Biomaterial-based three-dimensional (3D) approaches for the enrichment of CSC provide an excellent promise for future drug discovery and elucidation of molecular mechanisms. In the future, the biomaterial-based model will contribute to a more operative and predictive CSC model for cancer therapy. Design strategies for materials, physicochemical cues, and morphology will offer a new direction for future modification and new methods for studying the CSC microenvironment and its chemoresistance property. This review highlights the critical roles of the microenvironmental cues that regulate CSC function and endow them with drug resistance properties. This review also explores the latest advancement and challenges in biomaterial-based scaffold structure for therapeutic approaches against CSC chemoresistance. Since the recent entry of extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-derived nanostructures, have opened new avenues of investigation into this field, which, together with other more conventionally studied signaling pathways, play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Thus, this review further explores the subject of EVs in-depth. This review also discusses possible future biomaterial and biomaterial-EV-based models that could be used to study the tumor microenvironment (TME) and will provide possible therapeutic approaches. Finally, this review concludes with potential perspectives and conclusions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Ingavle
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR) and Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), SIU, Lavale, Pune 412115, India
| | - Madhurima Das
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR) and Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), SIU, Lavale, Pune 412115, India
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17
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Jain P, Kathuria H, Dubey N. Advances in 3D bioprinting of tissues/organs for regenerative medicine and in-vitro models. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121639. [PMID: 35779481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue/organ shortage is a major medical challenge due to donor scarcity and patient immune rejections. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or mimic the human disease condition in animal models during preclinical studies because disease phenotype differs between humans and animals. Three-dimensional bioprinting (3DBP) is evolving into an unparalleled multidisciplinary technology for engineering three-dimensional (3D) biological tissue with complex architecture and composition. The technology has emerged as a key driver by precise deposition and assembly of biomaterials with patient's/donor cells. This advancement has aided in the successful fabrication of in vitro models, preclinical implants, and tissue/organs-like structures. Here, we critically reviewed the current state of 3D-bioprinting strategies for regenerative therapy in eight organ systems, including nervous, cardiovascular, skeletal, integumentary, endocrine and exocrine, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary systems. We also focus on the application of 3D bioprinting to fabricated in vitro models to study cancer, infection, drug testing, and safety assessment. The concept of in situ 3D bioprinting is discussed, which is the direct printing of tissues at the injury or defect site for reparative and regenerative therapy. Finally, issues such as scalability, immune response, and regulatory approval are discussed, as well as recently developed tools and technologies such as four-dimensional and convergence bioprinting. In addition, information about clinical trials using 3D printing has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; Nusmetic Pte Ltd, Makerspace, I4 Building, 3 Research Link Singapore, 117602, Singapore.
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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18
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Qin C, Wu C. Inorganic biomaterials‐based bioinks for three‐dimensional bioprinting of regenerative scaffolds. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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19
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Poornima K, Francis AP, Hoda M, Eladl MA, Subramanian S, Veeraraghavan VP, El-Sherbiny M, Asseri SM, Hussamuldin ABA, Surapaneni KM, Mony U, Rajagopalan R. Implications of Three-Dimensional Cell Culture in Cancer Therapeutic Research. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891673. [PMID: 35646714 PMCID: PMC9133474 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicating the naturalistic biomechanical milieu of cells is a primary requisite to uncover the fundamental life processes. The native milieu is significantly not replicated in the two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Alternatively, the current three-dimensional (3D) culture techniques can replicate the properties of extracellular matrix (ECM), though the recreation of the original microenvironment is challenging. The organization of cells in a 3D manner contributes to better insight about the tumorigenesis mechanism of the in vitro cancer models. Gene expression studies are susceptible to alterations in their microenvironment. Physiological interactions among neighboring cells also contribute to gene expression, which is highly replicable with minor modifications in 3D cultures. 3D cell culture provides a useful platform for identifying the biological characteristics of tumor cells, particularly in the drug sensitivity area of translational medicine. It promises to be a bridge between traditional 2D culture and animal experiments and is of great importance for further research in tumor biology. The new imaging technology and the implementation of standard protocols can address the barriers interfering with the live cell observation in a natural 3D physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolluri Poornima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Arul Prakash Francis
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Muddasarul Hoda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Aliah University, Kolkata, India
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Srividya Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Mohamed Asseri
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Krishna Mohan Surapaneni
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Virology, Research, Clinical Skills, and Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Ullas Mony
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Rukkumani Rajagopalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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20
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Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing in Cancer Therapy and Diagnostics: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060678. [PMID: 35745597 PMCID: PMC9229198 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a technique where the products are printed layer-by-layer via a series of cross-sectional slices with the exact deposition of different cell types and biomaterials based on computer-aided design software. Three-dimensional printing can be divided into several approaches, such as extrusion-based printing, laser-induced forward transfer-based printing systems, and so on. Bio-ink is a crucial tool necessary for the fabrication of the 3D construct of living tissue in order to mimic the native tissue/cells using 3D printing technology. The formation of 3D software helps in the development of novel drug delivery systems with drug screening potential, as well as 3D constructs of tumor models. Additionally, several complex structures of inner tissues like stroma and channels of different sizes are printed through 3D printing techniques. Three-dimensional printing technology could also be used to develop therapy training simulators for educational purposes so that learners can practice complex surgical procedures. The fabrication of implantable medical devices using 3D printing technology with less risk of infections is receiving increased attention recently. A Cancer-on-a-chip is a microfluidic device that recreates tumor physiology and allows for a continuous supply of nutrients or therapeutic compounds. In this review, based on the recent literature, we have discussed various printing methods for 3D printing and types of bio-inks, and provided information on how 3D printing plays a crucial role in cancer management.
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21
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Xiang Y, Miller K, Guan J, Kiratitanaporn W, Tang M, Chen S. 3D bioprinting of complex tissues in vitro: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:691-710. [PMID: 35006284 PMCID: PMC8850226 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacology and toxicology of a broad variety of therapies and chemicals have significantly improved with the aid of the increasing in vitro models of complex human tissues. Offering versatile and precise control over the cell population, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, dynamic microenvironment, and sophisticated microarchitecture, which is desired for the in vitro modeling of complex tissues, 3D bio-printing is a rapidly growing technology to be employed in the field. In this review, we will discuss the recent advancement of printing techniques and bio-ink sources, which have been spurred on by the increasing demand for modeling tactics and have facilitated the development of the refined tissue models as well as the modeling strategies, followed by a state-of-the-art update on the specialized work on cancer, heart, muscle and liver. In the end, the toxicological modeling strategies, substantial challenges, and future perspectives for 3D printed tissue models were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Kathleen Miller
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Jiaao Guan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - Min Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
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22
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Lowen GB, Vanderburgh JP, Florian D, Scott T, Sterling JAR, Guelcher SA. A Perfusion Bioreactor Model of Tumor-Induced Bone Disease Using Human Cells. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e333. [PMID: 34985830 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advanced solid tumors often metastasize to bone. Once established in bone, these tumors can induce bone destruction resulting in decreased quality of life and increased mortality. Neither 2D in vitro models nor 3D animal models sufficiently recapitulate the human bone-tumor microenvironment needed to fully understand the complexities of bone metastasis, highlighting the need for new models. A 3D in vitro humanized model of tumor-induced bone disease was developed by dynamically culturing human osteoblast, osteoclast, and metastatic cancer cells together within tissue-engineered bone constructs. Cell-mediated resorption can be observed by micro-computed tomography and can be quantified by change in mass. Taken together, these data can be used to investigate whether the metastatic cancer cells included in the model have the potential to drive osteoclastogenesis and cell-mediated resorption in vitro. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Fabricating bone-like scaffolds Basic Protocol 2: Preparing cells for the humanized model of TIBD Basic Protocol 3: Crafting a 3D in vitro humanized model of TIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Lowen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joseph P Vanderburgh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David Florian
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Taylor Scott
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Julie A Rhoades Sterling
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott A Guelcher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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23
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Bhuskute H, Shende P, Prabhakar B. 3D Printed Personalized Medicine for Cancer: Applications for Betterment of Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:8. [PMID: 34853934 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment is challenging due to the tumour heterogeneity that makes personalized medicine a suitable technique for providing better cancer treatment. Personalized medicine analyses patient-related factors like genetic make-up and lifestyle and designs treatments that offer the benefits of reduced side effects and efficient drug delivery. Personalized medicine aims to provide a holistic way for prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The customization desired in personalized medicine is produced accurately by 3D printing which is an established technique known for its precision. Different 3D printing techniques exhibit their capability in producing cancer-specific medications for breast, liver, thyroid and kidney tumours. Three-dimensional printing displays major influence on cancer modelling and studies using cancer models in treatment and diagnosis. Three-dimensional printed personalized tumour models like physical 3D models, bioprinted models and tumour-on-chip models demonstrate better in vitro and in vivo correlation in drug screening, cancer metastasis and prognosis studies. Three-dimensional printing helps in cancer modelling; moreover, it has also changed the facet of cancer treatment. Improved treatment via custom-made 3D printed devices, implants and dosage forms ensures the delivery of anticancer agents efficiently. This review covers recent applications of 3D printed personalized medicine in various cancer types and comments on the possible future directions like application of 4D printing and regularization of 3D printed personalized medicine in healthcare.
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24
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Habanjar O, Diab-Assaf M, Caldefie-Chezet F, Delort L. 3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12200. [PMID: 34830082 PMCID: PMC8618305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical trials to ideally represent physiological conditions. This culture cannot mimic the natural tumor microenvironment due to the lack of cellular communication (cell-cell) and interaction (cell-cell and cell-matrix). To overcome these limitations, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems are increasingly developed in research and have become essential for tumor research, tissue engineering, and basic biology research. 3D culture has received much attention in the field of biomedicine due to its ability to mimic tissue structure and function. The 3D matrix presents a highly dynamic framework where its components are deposited, degraded, or modified to delineate functions and provide a platform where cells attach to perform their specific functions, including adhesion, proliferation, communication, and apoptosis. So far, various types of models belong to this culture: either the culture based on natural or synthetic adherent matrices used to design 3D scaffolds as biomaterials to form a 3D matrix or based on non-adherent and/or matrix-free matrices to form the spheroids. In this review, we first summarize a comparison between 2D and 3D cultures. Then, we focus on the different components of the natural extracellular matrix that can be used as supports in 3D culture. Then we detail different types of natural supports such as matrigel, hydrogels, hard supports, and different synthetic strategies of 3D matrices such as lyophilization, electrospiding, stereolithography, microfluid by citing the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Finally, we summarize the different methods of generating normal and tumor spheroids, citing their respective advantages and disadvantages in order to obtain an ideal 3D model (matrix) that retains the following characteristics: better biocompatibility, good mechanical properties corresponding to the tumor tissue, degradability, controllable microstructure and chemical components like the tumor tissue, favorable nutrient exchange and easy separation of the cells from the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Habanjar
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Equipe Tumorigénèse Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Anticancéreuse, Faculté des Sciences II, Université Libanaise Fanar, Beyrouth 1500, Liban;
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
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Lee SY, Ma J, Khoo TS, Abdullah N, Nik Md Noordin Kahar NNF, Abdul Hamid ZA, Mustapha M. Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels for Microencapsulation of Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:735090. [PMID: 34733829 PMCID: PMC8558675 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.735090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy appears as a promising strategy to induce regeneration of damaged and diseased tissues. However, low survival, poor engraftment and a lack of site-specificity are major drawbacks. Polysaccharide hydrogels can address these issues and offer several advantages as cell delivery vehicles. They have become very popular due to their unique properties such as high-water content, biocompatibility, biodegradability and flexibility. Polysaccharide polymers can be physically or chemically crosslinked to construct biomimetic hydrogels. Their resemblance to living tissues mimics the native three-dimensional extracellular matrix and supports stem cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Given the intricate nature of communication between hydrogels and stem cells, understanding their interaction is crucial. Cells are incorporated with polysaccharide hydrogels using various microencapsulation techniques, allowing generation of more relevant models and further enhancement of stem cell therapies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of human stem cells and polysaccharide hydrogels most used in regenerative medicine. The recent and advanced stem cell microencapsulation techniques, which include extrusion, emulsion, lithography, microfluidics, superhydrophobic surfaces and bioprinting, are described. This review also discusses current progress in clinical translation of stem-cell encapsulated polysaccharide hydrogels for cell delivery and disease modeling (drug testing and discovery) with focuses on musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiac and cancerous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuen Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Sean Khoo
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Norfadhilatuladha Abdullah
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | | | - Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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26
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Dogan E, Kisim A, Bati-Ayaz G, Kubicek GJ, Pesen-Okvur D, Miri AK. Cancer Stem Cells in Tumor Modeling: Challenges and Future Directions. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2100017. [PMID: 34927168 PMCID: PMC8680587 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic tumors-on-chips models have revolutionized anticancer therapeutic research by creating an ideal microenvironment for cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes various cell types and cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are postulated to regulate the growth, invasion, and migratory behavior of tumor cells. In this review, the biological niches of the TME and cancer cell behavior focusing on the behavior of CSCs are summarized. Conventional cancer models such as three-dimensional cultures and organoid models are reviewed. Opportunities for the incorporation of CSCs with tumors-on-chips are then discussed for creating tumor invasion models. Such models will represent a paradigm shift in the cancer community by allowing oncologists and clinicians to predict better which cancer patients will benefit from chemotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Dogan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028
| | - Asli Kisim
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce Kampusu, Urla, Izmir, 35430, Turkey
| | - Gizem Bati-Ayaz
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gregory J. Kubicek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, 2 Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ 08103
| | - Devrim Pesen-Okvur
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce Kampusu, Urla, Izmir, 35430, Turkey; Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Amir K. Miri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028; School of Medical Engineering, Science, and Health, Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103
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27
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Ban J, Fock V, Aryee DNT, Kovar H. Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases. Cells 2021; 10:2944. [PMID: 34831167 PMCID: PMC8616226 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The prevention and therapy of bone metastases is a priority in the treatment of cancer patients. However, current therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic disease are limited in efficacy and associated with increased morbidity. Therefore, most current therapies are mainly palliative in nature. A better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways of the bone metastatic process is warranted to develop novel, well-tolerated and more successful treatments for a significant improvement of patients' quality of life and disease outcome. In this review, we provide comparative mechanistic insights into the bone metastatic process of various solid tumors, including pediatric cancers. We also highlight current and innovative approaches to biologically targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the attraction, homing, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells and the ensuing therapeutic implications. Multiple signaling pathways have been described to contribute to metastatic spread to the bone of specific cancer entities, with most knowledge derived from the study of breast and prostate cancer. However, it is likely that similar mechanisms are involved in different types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, primary bone sarcomas and neuroblastoma. The metastatic rate-limiting interaction of tumor cells with the various cellular and noncellular components of the bone-marrow niche provides attractive therapeutic targets, which are already partially exploited by novel promising immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Ban
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Valerie Fock
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Dave N. T. Aryee
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Zhuang P, Chiang YH, Fernanda MS, He M. Using Spheroids as Building Blocks Towards 3D Bioprinting of Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Bioprint 2021; 7:444. [PMID: 34805601 PMCID: PMC8600307 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i4.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer still ranks as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although considerable efforts have been dedicated to anticancer therapeutics, progress is still slow, partially due to the absence of robust prediction models. Multicellular tumor spheroids, as a major three-dimensional (3D) culture model exhibiting features of avascular tumors, gained great popularity in pathophysiological studies and high throughput drug screening. However, limited control over cellular and structural organization is still the key challenge in achieving in vivo like tissue microenvironment. 3D bioprinting has made great strides toward tissue/organ mimicry, due to its outstanding spatial control through combining both cells and materials, scalability, and reproducibility. Prospectively, harnessing the power from both 3D bioprinting and multicellular spheroids would likely generate more faithful tumor models and advance our understanding on the mechanism of tumor progression. In this review, the emerging concept on using spheroids as a building block in 3D bioprinting for tumor modeling is illustrated. We begin by describing the context of the tumor microenvironment, followed by an introduction of various methodologies for tumor spheroid formation, with their specific merits and drawbacks. Thereafter, we present an overview of existing 3D printed tumor models using spheroids as a focus. We provide a compilation of the contemporary literature sources and summarize the overall advancements in technology and possibilities of using spheroids as building blocks in 3D printed tissue modeling, with a particular emphasis on tumor models. Future outlooks about the wonderous advancements of integrated 3D spheroidal printing conclude this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Yi-Hua Chiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | | | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
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29
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Costard LS, Hosn RR, Ramanayake H, O'Brien FJ, Curtin CM. Influences of the 3D microenvironment on cancer cell behaviour and treatment responsiveness: A recent update on lung, breast and prostate cancer models. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:360-378. [PMID: 33484910 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The majority of in vitro studies assessing cancer treatments are performed in two-dimensional (2D) monolayers and are subsequently validated in in vivo animal models. However, 2D models fail to accurately model the tumour microenvironment. Furthermore, animal models are not directly applicable to mimic the human scenario. Three-dimensional (3D) culture models may help to address the discrepancies of 2D and animal models. When cancer cells escape the primary tumour, they can invade at distant organs building secondary tumours, called metastasis. The development of metastasis leads to a dramatic decrease in the life expectancy of patients. Therefore, 3D systems to model the microenvironment of metastasis have also been developed. Several studies have demonstrated changes in cell behaviour and gene expression when cells are cultured in 3D compared to 2D and concluded a better comparability to cells in vivo. Of special importance is the effect seen in response to anti-cancer treatments as models are built primarily to serve as drug-testing platforms. This review highlights these changes between cancer cells grown in 2D and 3D models for some of the most common cancers including lung, breast and prostate tumours. In addition to models aiming to mimic the primary tumour site, the effects of 3D cell culturing in bone metastasis models are also described. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Most in vitro studies in cancer research are performed in 2D and are subsequently validated in in vivo animal models. However, both models possess numerous limitations: 2D models fail to accurately model the tumour microenvironment while animal models are expensive, time-consuming and can differ considerably from humans. It is accepted that the cancer microenvironment plays a critical role in the disease, thus, 3D models have been proposed as a potential solution to address the discrepancies of 2D and animal models. This review highlights changes in cell behaviour, including proliferation, gene expression and chemosensitivity, between cancer cells grown in 2D and 3D models for some of the most common cancers including lung, breast and prostate cancer as well as bone metastasis.
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Rebuilding the hematopoietic stem cell niche: Recent developments and future prospects. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:129-148. [PMID: 33813090 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have proven their clinical relevance in stem cell transplantation to cure patients with hematological disorders. Key to their regenerative potential is their natural microenvironment - their niche - in the bone marrow (BM). Developments in the field of biomaterials enable the recreation of such environments with increasing preciseness in the laboratory. Such artificial niches help to gain a fundamental understanding of the biophysical and biochemical processes underlying the interaction of HSCs with the materials in their environment and the disturbance of this interplay during diseases affecting the BM. Artificial niches also have the potential to multiply HSCs in vitro, to enable the targeted differentiation of HSCs into mature blood cells or to serve as drug-testing platforms. In this review, we will introduce the importance of artificial niches followed by the biology and biophysics of the natural archetype. We will outline how 2D biomaterials can be used to dissect the complexity of the natural niche into individual parameters for fundamental research and how 3D systems evolved from them. We will present commonly used biomaterials for HSC research and their applications. Finally, we will highlight two areas in the field of HSC research, which just started to unlock the possibilities provided by novel biomaterials, in vitro blood production and studying the pathophysiology of the niche in vitro. With these contents, the review aims to give a broad overview of the different biomaterials applied for HSC research and to discuss their potentials, challenges and future directions in the field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent cells responsible for maintaining the turnover of all blood cells. They are routinely applied to treat patients with hematological diseases. This high clinical relevance explains the necessity of multiplication or differentiation of HSCs in the laboratory, which is hampered by the missing natural microenvironment - the so called niche. Biomaterials offer the possibility to mimic the niche and thus overcome this hurdle. The review introduces the HSC niche in the bone marrow and discusses the utility of biomaterials in creating artificial niches. It outlines how 2D systems evolved into sophisticated 3D platforms, which opened the gateway to applications such as, expansion of clinically relevant HSCs, in vitro blood production, studying niche pathologies and drug testing.
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31
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Franchi-Mendes T, Eduardo R, Domenici G, Brito C. 3D Cancer Models: Depicting Cellular Crosstalk within the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4610. [PMID: 34572836 PMCID: PMC8468887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in tumour progression and drug resistance processes. Non-malignant cell players, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells and others, interact with each other and with the tumour cells, shaping the disease. Though the role of each cell type and cell communication mechanisms have been progressively studied, the complexity of this cellular network and its role in disease mechanism and therapeutic response are still being unveiled. Animal models have been mainly used, as they can represent systemic interactions and conditions, though they face recognized limitations in translational potential due to interspecies differences. In vitro 3D cancer models can surpass these limitations, by incorporating human cells, including patient-derived ones, and allowing a range of experimental designs with precise control of each tumour microenvironment element. We summarize the role of each tumour microenvironment component and review studies proposing 3D co-culture strategies of tumour cells and non-malignant cell components. Moreover, we discuss the potential of these modelling approaches to uncover potential therapeutic targets in the tumour microenvironment and assess therapeutic efficacy, current bottlenecks and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Franchi-Mendes
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Eduardo
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giacomo Domenici
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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32
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Ravanbakhsh H, Bao G, Luo Z, Mongeau LG, Zhang YS. Composite Inks for Extrusion Printing of Biological and Biomedical Constructs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4009-4026. [PMID: 34510905 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology for the fabrication of complex structures with various biological and biomedical applications. The method is based on the layer-by-layer construction of the product using a printable ink. The material used as the ink should possess proper rheological properties and desirable performances. Composite materials, which are extensively used in 3D printing applications, can improve the printability and offer superior performances for the printed constructs. Herein, we review composite inks with a focus on composite hydrogels. The properties of different additives including fibers and nanoparticles are discussed. The performances of various composite inks in biological and biomedical systems are delineated through analyzing the synergistic effects between the composite ink components. Different applications, including tissue engineering, tissue model engineering, soft robotics, and four-dimensional printing, are selected to demonstrate how 3D-printable composite inks are exploited to achieve various desired functionality. This review finally presents an outlook of future perspectives on the design of composite inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ravanbakhsh
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A0C3, Canada
| | - Guangyu Bao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A0C3, Canada
| | - Zeyu Luo
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Luc G Mongeau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A0C3, Canada
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Slay EE, Meldrum FC, Pensabene V, Amer MH. Embracing Mechanobiology in Next Generation Organ-On-A-Chip Models of Bone Metastasis. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:722501. [PMID: 35047952 PMCID: PMC8757701 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.722501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis in breast cancer is associated with high mortality. Biomechanical cues presented by the extracellular matrix play a vital role in driving cancer metastasis. The lack of in vitro models that recapitulate the mechanical aspects of the in vivo microenvironment hinders the development of novel targeted therapies. Organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) platforms have recently emerged as a new generation of in vitro models that can mimic cell-cell interactions, enable control over fluid flow and allow the introduction of mechanical cues. Biomaterials used within OOAC platforms can determine the physical microenvironment that cells reside in and affect their behavior, adhesion, and localization. Refining the design of OOAC platforms to recreate microenvironmental regulation of metastasis and probe cell-matrix interactions will advance our understanding of breast cancer metastasis and support the development of next-generation metastasis-on-a-chip platforms. In this mini-review, we discuss the role of mechanobiology on the behavior of breast cancer and bone-residing cells, summarize the current capabilities of OOAC platforms for modeling breast cancer metastasis to bone, and highlight design opportunities offered by the incorporation of mechanobiological cues in these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Slay
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Virginia Pensabene
- School of School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mahetab H. Amer
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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34
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3D Printing and Bioprinting to Model Bone Cancer: The Role of Materials and Nanoscale Cues in Directing Cell Behavior. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164065. [PMID: 34439218 PMCID: PMC8391202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer, both primary and metastatic, is characterized by a low survival rate. Currently, available models lack in mimicking the complexity of bone, of cancer, and of their microenvironment, leading to poor predictivity. Three-dimensional technologies can help address this need, by developing predictive models that can recapitulate the conditions for cancer development and progression. Among the existing tools to obtain suitable 3D models of bone cancer, 3D printing and bioprinting appear very promising, as they enable combining cells, biomolecules, and biomaterials into organized and complex structures that can reproduce the main characteristic of bone. The challenge is to recapitulate a bone-like microenvironment for analysis of stromal-cancer cell interactions and biological mechanics leading to tumor progression. In this review, existing approaches to obtain in vitro 3D-printed and -bioprinted bone models are discussed, with a focus on the role of biomaterials selection in determining the behavior of the models and its degree of customization. To obtain a reliable 3D bone model, the evaluation of different polymeric matrices and the inclusion of ceramic fillers is of paramount importance, as they help reproduce the behavior of both normal and cancer cells in the bone microenvironment. Open challenges and future perspectives are discussed to solve existing shortcomings and to pave the way for potential development strategies.
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35
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Wang Z, Agrawal P, Zhang YS. Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials in 3D (Bio)printing toward Bone Regeneration. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Prajwal Agrawal
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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36
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Li R, Ting YH, Youssef SH, Song Y, Garg S. Three-Dimensional Printing for Cancer Applications: Research Landscape and Technologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080787. [PMID: 34451884 PMCID: PMC8401566 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a variety of novel technologies, 3D printing has been considerably applied in the field of health care, including cancer treatment. With its fast prototyping nature, 3D printing could transform basic oncology discoveries to clinical use quickly, speed up and even revolutionise the whole drug discovery and development process. This literature review provides insight into the up-to-date applications of 3D printing on cancer research and treatment, from fundamental research and drug discovery to drug development and clinical applications. These include 3D printing of anticancer pharmaceutics, 3D-bioprinted cancer cell models and customised nonbiological medical devices. Finally, the challenges of 3D printing for cancer applications are elaborated, and the future of 3D-printed medical applications is envisioned.
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38
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Wang J, Li Y, Wang R, Han C, Xu S, You T, Li Y, Xia J, Xu X, Wang D, Tang H, Yang C, Chen X, Peng Z. A Fully Automated and Integrated Microfluidic System for Efficient CTC Detection and Its Application in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening and Prognosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30174-30186. [PMID: 34142547 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is regarded as a useful diagnostic index to monitor tumor development and guide precision medicine. Although the immunoassay is a common strategy for CTC identification and heterogeneity characterization, it is challenged by poor reaction efficiency and laborious manipulations in microdevices, which hinder the sensitivity, throughput, simplification, and applicability. To meet the need for rapid, sensitive, and simple CTC analysis, we developed an efficient CTC detection system by integrating a 3D printed off-chip multisource reagent platform, a bubble retainer, and a single CTC capture microchip, which can achieve CTC capture and identification within 90 min. Compared with traditional CTC identification methods, this system decreases immunostaining time and antibody consumption by 90% and performs the on-chip immunoassay in a fully automated manner. Using this system, CTCs from the peripheral blood of 19 patients with various cancers were captured, detected, and compared with clinical data. The system shows great potential for early screening, real-time monitoring, and precision medicine for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With the advantages of automation, stability, economy, and user-friendly operation, the proposed system is promising for clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiquan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Tingting You
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Junjie Xia
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Xing Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China
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Svanström A, Rosendahl J, Salerno S, Leiva MC, Gregersson P, Berglin M, Bogestål Y, Lausmaa J, Oko A, Chinga-Carrasco G, Petronis S, Standoft S, Ståhlberg A, Håkansson J, Landberg G. Optimized alginate-based 3D printed scaffolds as a model of patient derived breast cancer microenvironments in drug discovery. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34030145 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cancer microenvironment influences tumor progression and metastasis and is pivotal to consider when designingin vivo-like cancer models. Current preclinical testing platforms for cancer drug development are mainly limited to 2D cell culture systems that poorly mimic physiological environments and traditional, low throughput animal models. The aim of this work was to produce a tunable testing platform based on 3D printed scaffolds (3DPS) with a simple geometry that, by extracellular components and response of breast cancer reporter cells, mimics patient-derived scaffolds (PDS) of breast cancer. Here, the biocompatible polysaccharide alginate was used as base material to generate scaffolds consisting of a 3D grid containing periostin and hydroxyapatite. Breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) produced similar phenotypes and gene expression levels of cancer stem cell, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, differentiation and proliferation markers when cultured on 3DPS and PDS, contrasting conventional 2D cultures. Importantly, cells cultured on 3DPS and PDS showed scaffold-specific responses to cytotoxic drugs (doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil) that were different from 2D cultured cells. In conclusion, the data presented support the use of a tunable alginate-based 3DPS as a tumor model in breast cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Svanström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Rosendahl
- Division Material and Production, Department of Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textile, Unit for Biological function, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås SE-50115, Sweden
| | - Simona Salerno
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Carmen Leiva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Gregersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Berglin
- Division Material and Production, Department of Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textile, Unit for Biological function, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås SE-50115, Sweden
| | - Yalda Bogestål
- Division Material and Production, Department of Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textile, Unit for Biological function, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås SE-50115, Sweden
| | - Jukka Lausmaa
- Division Material and Production, Department of Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textile, Unit for Biological function, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås SE-50115, Sweden
| | - Asaf Oko
- Division Material and Production, Department of Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textile, Unit for Biological function, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås SE-50115, Sweden
| | | | - Sarunas Petronis
- Division Material and Production, Department of Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textile, Unit for Biological function, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås SE-50115, Sweden
| | - Simon Standoft
- Division Material and Production, Department of Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textile, Unit for Biological function, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås SE-50115, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Håkansson
- Division Material and Production, Department of Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textile, Unit for Biological function, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås SE-50115, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 440, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Landberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
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40
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Salerno A, Netti PA. Review on Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing of Drug Delivery Scaffolds for Cell Guidance and Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:682133. [PMID: 34249885 PMCID: PMC8264554 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.682133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, additive manufacturing (AM) processes have updated the fields of biomaterials science and drug delivery as they promise to realize bioengineered multifunctional devices and implantable tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds virtually designed by using computer-aided design (CAD) models. However, the current technological gap between virtual scaffold design and practical AM processes makes it still challenging to realize scaffolds capable of encoding all structural and cell regulatory functions of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of health and diseased tissues. Indeed, engineering porous scaffolds capable of sequestering and presenting even a complex array of biochemical and biophysical signals in a time- and space-regulated manner, require advanced automated platforms suitable of processing simultaneously biomaterials, cells, and biomolecules at nanometric-size scale. The aim of this work was to review the recent scientific literature about AM fabrication of drug delivery scaffolds for TE. This review focused on bioactive molecule loading into three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds, and their release effects on cell fate and tissue growth. We reviewed CAD-based strategies, such as bioprinting, to achieve passive and stimuli-responsive drug delivery scaffolds for TE and cancer precision medicine. Finally, we describe the authors' perspective regarding the next generation of CAD techniques and the advantages of AM, microfluidic, and soft lithography integration for enhancing 3D porous scaffold bioactivation toward functional bioengineered tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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41
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Mei Q, Rao J, Bei HP, Liu Y, Zhao X. 3D Bioprinting Photo-Crosslinkable Hydrogels for Bone and Cartilage Repair. Int J Bioprint 2021; 7:367. [PMID: 34286152 PMCID: PMC8287509 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become a promising strategy for bone manufacturing, with excellent control over geometry and microarchitectures of the scaffolds. The bioprinting ink for bone and cartilage engineering has thus become the key to developing 3D constructs for bone and cartilage defect repair. Maintaining the balance of cellular viability, drugs or cytokines' function, and mechanical integrity is critical for constructing 3D bone and/or cartilage scaffolds. Photo-crosslinkable hydrogel is one of the most promising materials in tissue engineering; it can respond to light and induce structural or morphological transition. The biocompatibility, easy fabrication, as well as controllable mechanical and degradation properties of photo-crosslinkable hydrogel can meet various requirements of the bone and cartilage scaffolds, which enable it to serve as an effective bio-ink for 3D bioprinting. Here, in this review, we first introduce commonly used photo-crosslinkable hydrogel materials and additives (such as nanomaterials, functional cells, and drugs/cytokine), and then discuss the applications of the 3D bioprinted photo-crosslinkable hydrogel scaffolds for bone and cartilage engineering. Finally, we conclude the review with future perspectives about the development of 3D bioprinting photo-crosslinkable hydrogels in bone and cartilage engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjing Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingdong Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Pan Bei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
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42
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Introduction to bioprinting of in vitro cancer models. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:603-610. [PMID: 34028520 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer models are essential in cancer research and for new drug development pipelines. However, conventional cancer tissue models have failed to capture the human cancer physiology, thus hindering drug discovery. The major challenge is the establishment of physiologically relevant cancer models that reflect the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is a highly complex milieu composed of diverse factors that are associated with cancer progression and metastasis, as well as with the development of cancer resistance to therapeutics. To emulate the TME, 3D bioprinting has emerged as a way to create engineered cancer tissue models. Bioprinted cancer tissue models have the potential to recapitulate cancer pathology and increased drug resistance in an organ-mimicking 3D environment. This review overviews the bioprinting technologies used for the engineering of cancer tissue models and provides a future perspective on bioprinting to further advance cancer research.
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43
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Lim CW, Kim D. Bone targeting nano-aggregates prepared from self-assembled polyaspartamide graft copolymers for pH sensitive DOX delivery. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1660-1667. [PMID: 33409517 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01473g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles with bone targeting ability and pH-sensitivity were prepared with polyaspartamide (PASPAM) derivatives based on polysuccinimide (PSI) grafted with octadecylamine (C18), hydrazine (HYD) and polyethylene glycol (PEG, Mw: 5000). For the bone targeting, alendronate (ALN), which has bone affinity, was grafted to PEG and doxorubicin (DOX) was conjugated with linkers of acid sensitive hydrazone bonds, which can be cleaved most effectively in an intracellular acidic environment. At pH 5.0, ∼75% of the drug was released from ALN-PEG/C18/HYD-DOX-g-PASPAM due to the effective cleavage of HYD under the acidic condition. Also, ALN-PEG/C18/HYD-DOX-g-PASPAM particles were more effectively adsorbed on the surface of bone than PEG/C18/HYD-DOX-g-PASPAM. According to an in vivo antitumor activity test, the volume of tumor treated with ALN-PEG/C18/HYD-DOX-g-PASPAM decreased (1550 mm3) when compared with the PBS control sample (3850 mm3), proving that ALN-PEG/C18/HYD-DOX-g-PASPAM is an effective drug delivery system for the treatment of bone metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Won Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dukjoon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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44
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45
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Nishimura S, Murakami Y. Facile preparation of porous polymeric sheets with different sizes of pores on both sides using spontaneous emulsification. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Augustine R, Kalva SN, Ahmad R, Zahid AA, Hasan S, Nayeem A, McClements L, Hasan A. 3D Bioprinted cancer models: Revolutionizing personalized cancer therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101015. [PMID: 33493799 PMCID: PMC7823217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After cardiovascular disease, cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide with devastating health and economic consequences, particularly in developing countries. Inter-patient variations in anti-cancer drug responses further limit the success of therapeutic interventions. Therefore, personalized medicines approach is key for this patient group involving molecular and genetic screening and appropriate stratification of patients to treatment regimen that they will respond to. However, the knowledge related to adequate risk stratification methods identifying patients who will respond to specific anti-cancer agents is still lacking in many cancer types. Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology, have been extensively used to generate representative bioengineered tumor in vitro models, which recapitulate the human tumor tissues and microenvironment for high-throughput drug screening. Bioprinting process involves the precise deposition of multiple layers of different cell types in combination with biomaterials capable of generating 3D bioengineered tissues based on a computer-aided design. Bioprinted cancer models containing patient-derived cancer and stromal cells together with genetic material, extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors, represent a promising approach for personalized cancer therapy screening. Both natural and synthetic biopolymers have been utilized to support the proliferation of cells and biological material within the personalized tumor models/implants. These models can provide a physiologically pertinent cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions by mimicking the 3D heterogeneity of real tumors. Here, we reviewed the potential applications of 3D bioprinted tumor constructs as personalized in vitro models in anticancer drug screening and in the establishment of precision treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sumama Nuthana Kalva
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Rashid Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Shajia Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajisha Nayeem
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College, Thrissur, 680020, Kerala, India
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
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47
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Sharifi M, Bai Q, Babadaei MMN, Chowdhury F, Hassan M, Taghizadeh A, Derakhshankhah H, Khan S, Hasan A, Falahati M. 3D bioprinting of engineered breast cancer constructs for personalized and targeted cancer therapy. J Control Release 2021; 333:91-106. [PMID: 33774120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bioprinting technique with specialized tissue production allows the study of biological, physiological, and behavioral changes of cancerous and non-cancerous tissues in response to pharmacological compounds in personalized medicine. To this end, to evaluate the efficacy of anticancer drugs before entering the clinical setting, tissue engineered 3D scaffolds containing breast cancer and derived from the especially patient, similar to the original tissue architecture, can potentially be used. Despite recent advances in the manufacturing of 3D bioprinted breast cancer tissue (BCT), many studies still suffer from reproducibility primarily because of the uncertainty of the materials used in the scaffolds and lack of printing methods. In this review, we present an overview of the breast cancer environment to optimize personalized treatment by examining and identifying the physiological and biological factors that mimic BCT. We also surveyed the materials and techniques related to 3D bioprinting, i.e, 3D bioprinting systems, current strategies for fabrication of 3D bioprinting tissues, cell adhesion and migration in 3D bioprinted BCT, and 3D bioprinted breast cancer metastasis models. Finally, we emphasized on the prospective future applications of 3D bioprinted cancer models for rapid and accurate drug screening in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sharifi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Science, Shahroud, Iran; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Nejadi Babadaei
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhan Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Mahbub Hassan
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Akbar Taghizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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48
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Sánchez-Salazar MG, Álvarez MM, Trujillo-de Santiago G. Advances in 3D bioprinting for the biofabrication of tumor models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2020.e00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Riehl BD, Kim E, Bouzid T, Lim JY. The Role of Microenvironmental Cues and Mechanical Loading Milieus in Breast Cancer Cell Progression and Metastasis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:608526. [PMID: 33585411 PMCID: PMC7874074 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.608526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer can disrupt the microenvironments and mechanical homeostatic actions in multiple scales from large tissue modification to altered cellular signaling pathway in mechanotransduction. In this review, we highlight recent progresses in breast cancer cell mechanobiology focusing on cell-microenvironment interaction and mechanical loading regulation of cells. First, the effects of microenvironmental cues on breast cancer cell progression and metastasis will be reviewed with respect to substrate stiffness, chemical/topographic substrate patterning, and 2D vs. 3D cultures. Then, the role of mechanical loading situations such as tensile stretch, compression, and flow-induced shear will be discussed in relation to breast cancer cell mechanobiology and metastasis prevention. Ultimately, the substrate microenvironment and mechanical signal will work together to control cancer cell progression and metastasis. The discussions on breast cancer cell responsiveness to mechanical signals, from static substrate and dynamic loading, and the mechanotransduction pathways involved will facilitate interdisciplinary knowledge transfer, enabling further insights into prognostic markers, mechanically mediated metastasis pathways for therapeutic targets, and model systems required to advance cancer mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Riehl
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Tasneem Bouzid
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jung Yul Lim
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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50
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Salamanna F, Borsari V, Pagani S, Brodano GB, Gasbarrini A, Fini M. Development and characterization of a novel human 3D model of bone metastasis from breast carcinoma in vitro cultured. Bone 2021; 143:115773. [PMID: 33249322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to the skeleton causing significant morbidity. None of the therapeutic strategies used to manage breast cancer bone metastases are really curative. Here, we set-up a novel and advanced model by using fresh tissue from human vertebral bone metastasis from breast carcinoma patients able to retain the tumor microenvironment. The tissue model is based on an ex-vivo culture for up to 40 days and on a constant monitoring of tissue viability, gene expression profile (IL10, IL1b, MMP1, MMP7, PTH1R, PTH2R, TNF, ACP5, SPI1, VEGFA, CTSK, TGF-β) and histological and immunohistochemical analyses (CDH1/E-cadherin, CDH2/N-cadherin, KRT8/Cytokeratin 8, KRT18/Cytokeratin 18, Ki67, CASP3/Caspase 3, ESR1/Estrogen Receptor Alpha, CD68 and CD8). Results confirmed the development of a reliable, reproducible and cost-effective advanced model of breast cancer bone metastasis able to preserve and maintain long-term tissue viability, as well as molecular markers, tissue histomorphology, tissue micro-architecture and antigen expression. The study provides for the first time the feasibility and rationale for the use of a human-derived advanced alternative model for cancer research and testing of drugs and innovative strategies, taking into account patient individual characteristics and specific tumor subtypes so predicting patient specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salamanna
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Veronica Borsari
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefania Pagani
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Barbanti Brodano
- Spine Surgery Prevalently Oncologic and Degenerative, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Gasbarrini
- Spine Surgery Prevalently Oncologic and Degenerative, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Milena Fini
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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