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Sala-Jarque J, García-Lara E, Carreras-Domínguez P, Zhou C, Rabaneda-Lombarte N, Solà C, M Vidal-Taboada J, Feiler A, Abrahamsson N, N Kozlova E, Saura J. Mesoporous silica particles are phagocytosed by microglia and induce a mild inflammatory response in vitro. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1077-1094. [PMID: 35997151 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) are broadly used drug delivery carriers. In this study, the authors analyzed the responses to MSPs of astrocytes and microglia, the two main cellular players in neuroinflammation. Materials & methods: Primary murine cortical mixed glial cultures were treated with rhodamine B-labeled MSPs. Results: MSPs are avidly internalized by microglial cells and remain inside the cells for at least 14 days. Despite this, MSPs do not affect glial cell viability or morphology, basal metabolic activity or oxidative stress. MSPs also do not affect mRNA levels of key proinflammatory genes; however, in combination with lipopolysaccharide, they significantly increase extracellular IL-1β levels. Conclusion: These results suggest that MSPs could be novel tools for specific drug delivery to microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Sala-Jarque
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisa García-Lara
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paula Carreras-Domínguez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Neus Rabaneda-Lombarte
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carme Solà
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose M Vidal-Taboada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Peripheral Nervous System, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adam Feiler
- Nanologica AB, Södertälje, Sweden.,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josep Saura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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2
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Bittner A, Gosselet F, Sevin E, Dehouck L, Ducray AD, Gaschen V, Stoffel MH, Cho H, Mevissen M. Time-Dependent Internalization of Polymer-Coated Silica Nanoparticles in Brain Endothelial Cells and Morphological and Functional Effects on the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041657. [PMID: 33562136 PMCID: PMC7915594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-assisted procedures including laser tissue soldering (LTS) offer advantages compared to conventional microsuturing, especially in the brain. In this study, effects of polymer-coated silica NPs used in LTS were investigated in human brain endothelial cells (ECs) and blood-brain barrier models. In the co-culture setting with ECs and pericytes, only the cell type directly exposed to NPs displayed a time-dependent internalization. No transfer of NPs between the two cell types was observed. Cell viability was decreased relatively to NP exposure duration and concentration. Protein expression of the nuclear factor ĸ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and various endothelial adhesion molecules indicated no initiation of inflammation or activation of ECs after NP exposure. Differentiation of CD34+ ECs into brain-like ECs co-cultured with pericytes, blood-brain barrier (BBB) characteristics were obtained. The established endothelial layer reduced the passage of integrity tracer molecules. NP exposure did not result in alterations of junctional proteins, BBB formation or its integrity. In a 3-dimensional setup with an endothelial tube formation and tight junctions, barrier formation was not disrupted by the NPs and NPs do not seem to cross the blood-brain barrier. Our findings suggest that these polymer-coated silica NPs do not damage the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Bittner
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (A.B.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Blood-Brain-Barrier Laboratory, University of Artois, UR265, Faculté Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz–SP 18, 62307 Lens, France; (F.G.); (E.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Emmanuel Sevin
- Blood-Brain-Barrier Laboratory, University of Artois, UR265, Faculté Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz–SP 18, 62307 Lens, France; (F.G.); (E.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Lucie Dehouck
- Blood-Brain-Barrier Laboratory, University of Artois, UR265, Faculté Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz–SP 18, 62307 Lens, France; (F.G.); (E.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Angélique D. Ducray
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (A.B.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Véronique Gaschen
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.G.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Michael H. Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.G.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Concergence, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, #868715 N-Center Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea;
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (A.B.); (A.D.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-631-22-31
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3
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Zielinski J, Ducray AD, Moeller AM, Murbach M, Kuster N, Mevissen M. Effects of pulse-modulated radiofrequency magnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and electron chain transport function in human neuroblastoma and murine microglial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 68:104963. [PMID: 32777439 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of body-worn wireless devices with different communication protocols and rapidly changing exposure scenarios is still multiplying and the need to identify possible health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure with extremely low-frequency (ELF) modulation envelops. In this study, effects of ELF-modulated 935 MHz RF-EMF on apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and electron exchange in N9 microglial and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were investigated. Cells were exposed at 4 W/kg or sham-exposed for 2 and 24 h. RF-EMF exposure of both cell types did not alter apoptosis, the number of living cells nor the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), irrespective of the exposure duration. RF-EMF exposure for 24, but not for 2 h, increased protein levels of the autophagy marker ATG5, whereas LC3B-I and II and pERK were not altered in both cell types and exposure times investigated. A transient increase in glutathione (GSH), but not hydrogen peroxide and cytochrome c oxidase was found only in SH-SY5Y cells, indicating that short-time RF-EMF at SAR levels accepted by today's safety guidelines might cause autophagy and oxidative stress with the effect being dependent on cell type and exposure duration. Further studies are needed to evaluate possible underlying mechanisms involved in pulse-modulated RF-EMF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zielinski
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Angélique D Ducray
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Anja M Moeller
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel Murbach
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Rämistrasse 101, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Niels Kuster
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Rämistrasse 101, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Yuan X, Qin B, Yin H, Shi Y, Jiang M, Luo L, Luo Z, Zhang J, Li X, Zhu C, Du Y, You J. Virus-like Nonvirus Cationic Liposome for Efficient Gene Delivery via Endoplasmic Reticulum Pathway. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:174-188. [PMID: 32123735 PMCID: PMC7047280 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene vectors play a critical role in gene therapy. To achieve efficient transfection, we developed a novel nonvirus cationic liposome (Lipo-Par), which was bound covalently with the cationic polypeptide pardaxin (Par). Interestingly, the Lipo-Pars exhibited highly enhanced gene transfection efficiency in various cell lines compared to that of the non-Par-bonded liposomes (Lipo-Nons). As a result, the internalization and intracellular transport mechanisms of the Lipo-Pars were investigated, and the findings indicated their ability to actively target the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by moving along the cell cytoskeleton after undergoing caveolin-mediated endocytosis. This intracellular transport process is similar to that of some viruses. It was also found that ER stress and calcium level disturbances can affect the Lipo-Par-mediated expression of certain exogenous genes. A possible, yet non-negligible explanation for the high transfection efficiency of the Lipo-Par is its virus-like intracellular behavior and the intimate relationship between the ER membrane and the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jian You
- . Phone: 086-571-88208443. Fax: 086-571-88208439
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Gubala V, Giovannini G, Kunc F, Monopoli MP, Moore CJ. Dye-doped silica nanoparticles: synthesis, surface chemistry and bioapplications. Cancer Nanotechnol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-019-0056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fluorescent silica nanoparticles have been extensively utilised in a broad range of biological applications and are facilitated by their predictable, well-understood, flexible chemistry and apparent biocompatibility. The ability to couple various siloxane precursors with fluorescent dyes and to be subsequently incorporated into silica nanoparticles has made it possible to engineer these fluorophores-doped nanomaterials to specific optical requirements in biological experimentation. Consequently, this class of nanomaterial has been used in applications across immunodiagnostics, drug delivery and human-trial bioimaging in cancer research.
Main body
This review summarises the state-of-the-art of the use of dye-doped silica nanoparticles in bioapplications and firstly accounts for the common nanoparticle synthesis methods, surface modification approaches and different bioconjugation strategies employed to generate biomolecule-coated nanoparticles. The use of dye-doped silica nanoparticles in immunoassays/biosensing, bioimaging and drug delivery is then provided and possible future directions in the field are highlighted. Other non-cancer-related applications involving silica nanoparticles are also briefly discussed. Importantly, the impact of how the protein corona has changed our understanding of NP interactions with biological systems is described, as well as demonstrations of its capacity to be favourably manipulated.
Conclusions
Dye-doped silica nanoparticles have found success in the immunodiagnostics domain and have also shown promise as bioimaging agents in human clinical trials. Their use in cancer delivery has been restricted to murine models, as has been the case for the vast majority of nanomaterials intended for cancer therapy. This is hampered by the need for more human-like disease models and the lack of standardisation towards assessing nanoparticle toxicity. However, developments in the manipulation of the protein corona have improved the understanding of fundamental bio–nano interactions, and will undoubtedly assist in the translation of silica nanoparticles for disease treatment to the clinic.
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Bittner A, Ducray AD, Widmer HR, Stoffel MH, Mevissen M. Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood-brain barrier. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:941-954. [PMID: 31165021 PMCID: PMC6541356 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a constantly expanding field, facilitating and improving diagnosis and treatment of diseases. As nanomaterials are foreign objects, careful evaluation of their toxicological and functional aspects prior to medical application is imperative. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of gold and polymer-coated silica nanoparticles used in laser tissue soldering on brain endothelial cells and the blood-brain barrier using rat brain capillary endothelial cells (rBCEC4). All types of nanoparticles were taken up time-dependently by the rBCEC4 cells, albeit to a different extent, causing a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. Nanoparticle exposure did not change cell proliferation, differentiation, nor did it induce inflammation. rBCEC4 cells showed blood-brain barrier characteristics including tight junctions. None of the nanoparticles altered the expression of tight junctions or impaired the blood-brain barrier permeability. The findings suggest that effects of these nanoparticles on the metabolic state of cells have to be further characterized before use for medical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Bittner
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angélique D Ducray
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans Rudolf Widmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Research Unit, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 8, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Wiedmer L, Ducray AD, Frenz M, Stoffel MH, Widmer HR, Mevissen M. Silica nanoparticle-exposure during neuronal differentiation modulates dopaminergic and cholinergic phenotypes in SH-SY5Y cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:46. [PMID: 30935413 PMCID: PMC6442417 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silica-ε-polycaprolactone-nanoparticles (SiPCL-NPs) represent a promising tool for laser-tissue soldering in the brain. After release of the SiPCL-NPs in the brain, neuronal differentiation might be modulated. The present study was performed to determine effects of SiPCL-NP-exposure at different stages of neuronal differentiation in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. The resulting phenotypes were analyzed quantitatively and signaling pathways involved in neuronal differentiation and degeneration were studied. SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated with all-trans retinoic acid or staurosporine to obtain predominantly cholinergic or dopaminergic neurons. The resulting phenotype was analyzed at the end of differentiation with and without the SiPCL-NPs given at various times during differentiation. RESULTS Exposure to SiPCL-NPs before and during differentiation led to a decreased cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells depending on the differentiation protocol used. SiPCL-NPs co-localized with the neuronal marker β-3-tubulin but did not alter the morphology of these cells. A significant decrease in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive neurons was found in staurosporine-differentiated cells when SiPCL-NPs were added at the end of the differentiation. TH-protein expression was also significantly downregulated when SiPCL-NPs were applied in the middle of differentiation. Protein expression of the marker for the dopamine active transporter (DAT) was not affected by SiPCL-NPs. SiPCL-NP-exposure predominantly decreased the expression of the high-affinity choline transporter 1 (CHT1) when the NPs were given before the differentiation. Pathways involved in neuronal differentiation, namely Akt, MAP-K, MAP-2 and the neurodegeneration-related markers β-catenin and GSK-3β were not altered by NP-exposure. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in the number of dopaminergic and cholinergic cells may implicate neuronal dysfunction, but the data do not provide evidence that pathways relevant for differentiation and related to neurodegeneration are impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wiedmer
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angélique D. Ducray
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frenz
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael H. Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Rudolf Widmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Research Unit, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Pereira NRC, Loiola RA, Rodrigues SF, de Oliveira CP, Büttenbender SL, Guterres SS, Pohlmann AR, Farsky SH. Mechanisms of the effectiveness of poly(ε-caprolactone) lipid-core nanocapsules loaded with methotrexate on glioblastoma multiforme treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4563-4573. [PMID: 30154652 PMCID: PMC6103652 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s168400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The low penetration of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromises the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the brain parenchyma and contributes to the poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We investigated the efficacy of methotrexate-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (MTX-LNC) administered by the oral route to treat murine GBM, its ability to cross the BBB, and the mechanisms of MTX-LNC uptake by cultured GL261 glioma and BV2 microglia cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female C57B/6 mice were used in intravital microscopy assays to investigate the penetrance of rhodamine B-label MTX-LNC (RhoB/MTX-LNC) in the brain after oral or IV administration, and to evaluate the BBB integrity. Intracranial implantation of GL261 cells was undertaken to induce a murine GBM model, and the effectiveness of oral MTX or MTX-LNC treatments (started on Day 10 of GBM, every 2 days for 12 days) was quantified by tumor size, body weight, and leukogram. Pharmacological blockade of endocytic pathways was done to investigate the mechanisms of MTX-LNC uptake by cultured GL261 and microglia BV2 cells by using fluorescence microscopy. The effect of MTX-LNC or MTX on GL261 and BV2 proliferation was evaluated to compare the cytotoxicity of such compounds. RESULTS RhoB/MTX-LNC was detected in brain parenchyma of mice after IV or oral administration, without any damage on BBB. Oral treatment with MTX-LNC reduced tumor volume and prevented weight loss and leukopenia in comparison to MTX-treated mice. MTX-LNC uptake by GL261 is caveolae-dependent, whereas endocytosis of MTX-LNC by BV2 occurs via phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. Both MTX-LNC and MTX reduced GL261 and BV2 proliferation; however, MTX-LNC showed higher efficacy in the inhibition of glioma proliferation. CONCLUSION Together, we infer that the higher ability of MTX-LNC to cross the BBB and be captured by cancer and immune brain cells by different mechanisms is responsible for the higher efficacy of oral MTX-LNC treatment in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rubio Claret Pereira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Rodrigo Azevedo Loiola
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Stephen Fernandes Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,
| | | | - Sabrina L Büttenbender
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Guterres
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Pohlmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sandra H Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,
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Chen L, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Kang Y, Chen A, Feng X, Shao L. The toxicity of silica nanoparticles to the immune system. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1939-1962. [PMID: 30152253 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon-based materials and their oxides are widely used in drug delivery, dietary supplements, implants and dental fillers. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) interact with immunocompetent cells and induce immunotoxicity. However, the toxic effects of SiNPs on the immune system have been inadequately reviewed. The toxicity of SiNPs to the immune system depends on their physicochemical properties and the cell type. Assessments of immunotoxicity include determining cell dysfunctions, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. This review focuses on the immunotoxicity of SiNPs and investigates the underlying mechanisms. The main mechanisms were proinflammatory responses, oxidative stress and autophagy. Considering the toxicity of SiNPs, surface and shape modifications may mitigate the toxic effects of SiNPs, providing a new way to produce these nanomaterials with less toxic impaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Guilan Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Aijie Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
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Ducray AD, Felser A, Zielinski J, Bittner A, Bürgi JV, Nuoffer JM, Frenz M, Mevissen M. Effects of silica nanoparticle exposure on mitochondrial function during neuronal differentiation. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:49. [PMID: 28676089 PMCID: PMC5496409 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomedicine offers a promising tool for therapies of brain diseases, but potential effects on neuronal health and neuronal differentiation need to be investigated to assess potential risks. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of silica-indocyanine green/poly (ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles (PCL-NPs) engineered for laser tissue soldering in the brain before and during differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Considering adaptations in mitochondrial homeostasis during neuronal differentiation, metabolic effects of PCL-NP exposure before and during neuronal differentiation were studied. In addition, kinases of the PI3 kinase (PI3-K/Akt) and the MAP kinase (MAP-K/ERK) pathways related to neuronal differentiation and mitochondrial function were investigated. RESULTS Differentiation resulted in a decrease in the cellular respiration rate and the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). PCL-NP exposure impaired mitochondrial function depending on the time of exposure. The cellular respiration rate was significantly reduced compared to differentiated controls when PCL-NPs were given before differentiation. The shift in ECAR was less pronounced in PCL-NP exposure during differentiation. Differentiation and PCL-NP exposure had no effect on expression levels and the enzymatic activity of respiratory chain complexes. The activity of the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase was significantly reduced after differentiation with the effect being more pronounced after PCL-NP exposure before differentiation. The increase in mitochondrial membrane potential observed after differentiation was not found in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to PCL-NPs before differentiation. The cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production significantly dropped during differentiation, and this effect was independent of the PCL-NP exposure. Differentiation and nanoparticle exposure had no effect on superoxide levels at the endpoint of the experiments. A slight decrease in the expression of the neuronal differentiation markers was found after PCL-NP exposure, but no morphological variation was observed. CONCLUSIONS PCL-NP exposure affects mitochondrial function depending on the time of exposure before and during neuronal differentiation. PCL-NP exposure during differentiation was associated with impaired mitochondrial function, which may affect differentiation. Considering the importance of adaptations in cellular respiration for neuronal differentiation and function, further studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms and consequences to assess the possible risks including neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique D Ducray
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Felser
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jana Zielinski
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aniela Bittner
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia V Bürgi
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frenz
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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Halamoda-Kenzaoui B, Ceridono M, Urbán P, Bogni A, Ponti J, Gioria S, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A. The agglomeration state of nanoparticles can influence the mechanism of their cellular internalisation. J Nanobiotechnology 2017. [PMID: 28651541 PMCID: PMC5485545 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Significant progress of nanotechnology, including in particular biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, has resulted in a high number of studies describing the biological effects of nanomaterials. Moreover, a determination of so-called “critical quality attributes”, that is specific physicochemical properties of nanomaterials triggering the observed biological response, has been recognised as crucial for the evaluation and design of novel safe and efficacious therapeutics. In the context of in vitro studies, a thorough physicochemical characterisation of nanoparticles (NPs), also in the biological medium, is necessary to allow a correlation with a cellular response. Following this concept, we examined whether the main and frequently reported characteristics of NPs such as size and the agglomeration state can influence the level and the mechanism of NP cellular internalization. Results We employed fluorescently-labelled 30 and 80 nm silicon dioxide NPs, both in agglomerated and non-agglomerated form. Using flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, the inhibitors of endocytosis and gene silencing we determined the most probable routes of cellular uptake for each form of tested silica NPs. We observed differences in cellular uptake depending on the size and the agglomeration state of NPs. Caveolae-mediated endocytosis was implicated particularly in the internalisation of well dispersed silica NPs but with an increase of the agglomeration state of NPs a combination of endocytic pathways with a predominant role of macropinocytosis was noted. Conclusions We demonstrated that the agglomeration state of NPs is an important factor influencing the level of cell uptake and the mechanism of endocytosis of silica NPs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0281-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Halamoda-Kenzaoui
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Mara Ceridono
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Patricia Urbán
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Alessia Bogni
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Sabrina Gioria
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Kinsner-Ovaskainen
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy.
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Uptake of silica nanoparticles in the brain and effects on neuronal differentiation using different in vitro models. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:1195-1204. [PMID: 27871963 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine offers a promising tool for therapies of brain diseases, but they may be associated with potential adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of silica-nanoparticles engineered for laser-tissue soldering in the brain using SH-SY5Y cells, dissociated and organotypic slice cultures from rat hippocampus. Nanoparticles were predominantly taken up by microglial cells in the hippocampal cultures but nanoparticles were also found in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. The uptake was time- and concentration-dependent in primary hippocampal cells. Transmission electron microscopy experiments demonstrated nanoparticle aggregates and single particles in the cytoplasm. Nanoparticles were found in the endoplasmic reticulum, but not in other cellular compartments. Nanoparticle exposure did not impair cell viability and neuroinflammation in primary hippocampal cultures at all times investigated. Neurite outgrowth was not significantly altered in SH-SY5Y cells, but the neuronal differentiation markers indicated a reduction in neuronal differentiation induction after nanoparticle exposure.
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Feliu N, Hühn J, Zyuzin MV, Ashraf S, Valdeperez D, Masood A, Said AH, Escudero A, Pelaz B, Gonzalez E, Duarte MAC, Roy S, Chakraborty I, Lim ML, Sjöqvist S, Jungebluth P, Parak WJ. Quantitative uptake of colloidal particles by cell cultures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:819-828. [PMID: 27306826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanotechnologies involving nano- and microparticles has increased tremendously in the recent past. There are various beneficial characteristics that make particles attractive for a wide range of technologies. However, colloidal particles on the other hand can potentially be harmful for humans and environment. Today, complete understanding of the interaction of colloidal particles with biological systems still remains a challenge. Indeed, their uptake, effects, and final cell cycle including their life span fate and degradation in biological systems are not fully understood. This is mainly due to the complexity of multiple parameters which need to be taken in consideration to perform the nanosafety research. Therefore, we will provide an overview of the common denominators and ideas to achieve universal metrics to assess their safety. The review discusses aspects including how biological media could change the physicochemical properties of colloids, how colloids are endocytosed by cells, how to distinguish between internalized versus membrane-attached colloids, possible correlation of cellular uptake of colloids with their physicochemical properties, and how the colloidal stability of colloids may vary upon cell internalization. In conclusion three main statements are given. First, in typically exposure scenarios only part of the colloids associated with cells are internalized while a significant part remain outside cells attached to their membrane. For quantitative uptake studies false positive counts in the form of only adherent but not internalized colloids have to be avoided. pH sensitive fluorophores attached to the colloids, which can discriminate between acidic endosomal/lysosomal and neutral extracellular environment around colloids offer a possible solution. Second, the metrics selected for uptake studies is of utmost importance. Counting the internalized colloids by number or by volume may lead to significantly different results. Third, colloids may change their physicochemical properties along their life cycle, and appropriate characterization is required during the different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Feliu
- (a)Department of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; (b)Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC),Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Hühn
- (a)Department of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- (a)Department of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sumaira Ashraf
- (a)Department of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Valdeperez
- (a)Department of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Atif Masood
- (a)Department of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alaa Hassan Said
- (a)Department of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Egypt
| | - Alberto Escudero
- (a)Department of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- (a)Department of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elena Gonzalez
- (a)Department of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Sathi Roy
- (a)Department of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Indranath Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mei L Lim
- (b)Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC),Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Sjöqvist
- (b)Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC),Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp Jungebluth
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- (a)Department of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain.
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