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Ramachandran A, Dhar R, Devi A. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: An Advanced Horizon to Cancer Regenerative Medicine. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2128-2139. [PMID: 38568170 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer research has made significant progress in recent years, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) based cancer investigation reveals several facts about cancer. Exosomes are a subpopulation of EVs. In the present decade, exosomes is mostly highlighted for cancer theranostic research. Tumor cell derived exosomes (TEXs) promote cancer but there are multiple sources of exosomes that can be used as cancer therapeutic agents (plant exosomes, stem cell-derived exosomes, modified or synthetic exosomes). Stem cells based regenerative medicine faces numerous challenges, such as promote tumor development, cellular reprogramming etc., and therefore addressing these complications becomes essential. Stem cell-derived exosomes serves as an answer to these problems and offers a better solution. Global research indicates that stem cell-derived exosomes also play a dual role in the cellular system by either inhibiting or promoting cancer. Modified exosomes which are genetically engineered exosomes or surface modified exosomes to increase the efficacy of the therapeutic properties can also be considered to target the above concerns. However, the difficulties associated with the exosomes include variations in exosomes heterogenity, isolation protocols, large scale production, etc., and these have to be managed effectively. In this review, we explore exosomes biogenesis, multiple stem cell-derived exosome sources, drug delivery, modified stem cells exosomes, clinical trial of stem cells exosomes, and the related challenges in this domain and future orientation. This article may encourage researchers to explore stem cell-derived exosomes and develop an effective and affordable cancer therapeutic solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ramachandran
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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2
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Xiao Y, Xu RH, Dai Y. Nanoghosts: Harnessing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Membrane for Construction of Drug Delivery Platforms Via Optimized Biomimetics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304824. [PMID: 37653618 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are becoming hotspots for application in disease therapies recently, combining with biomaterials and drug delivery system. A major advantage of MSCs applied in drug delivery system is that these cells enable specific targeting and releasing of cargos to the disease sites. However, the potential tumor tropic effects of MSCs raised concerns on biosafety. To solve this problem, there are emerging methods of isolating cell membranes and developing nanoformulations to perform drug delivery, which avoids concerns on biosafety without disturbing the membrane functions of specific polarizing and locating. These cargoes are so called "nanoghosts." This review article summarizes the current applications of nanoghosts, the promising potential of MSCs to be applied in membrane isolation and nanoghost construction, and possible approaches to develop better drug delivery system harnessing from MSC ghost cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiao
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
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3
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Xiao Y, Wu M, Xue C, Wang Y. Recent Advances in the Development of Membrane-derived Vesicles for Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:403-420. [PMID: 37143265 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230504120841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The surface proteins on cell membranes enable the cells to have different properties, such as high biocompatibility, surface modifiability, and homologous targeting ability. Cell-membrane-derived vesicles have features identical to those of their parental cells, which makes them one of the most promising materials for drug delivery. Recently, as a result of the impressive effects of immunotherapy in cancer treatment, an increasing number of researchers have used cell-membrane-derived vesicles to enhance immune responses. To be more specific, the membrane vesicles derived from immune cells, tumor cells, bacteria, or engineered cells have the antigen presentation capacity and can trigger strong anti-tumor effects of the immune system. In this review, we first indicated a brief description of the vesicles and then introduced the detection technology and drug-loading methods for them. Secondly, we concluded the characteristics and applications of vesicles derived from different sources in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuai Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Minliang Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunyu Xue
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuchong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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4
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Chehelgerdi M, Behdarvand Dehkordi F, Chehelgerdi M, Kabiri H, Salehian-Dehkordi H, Abdolvand M, Salmanizadeh S, Rashidi M, Niazmand A, Ahmadi S, Feizbakhshan S, Kabiri S, Vatandoost N, Ranjbarnejad T. Exploring the promising potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:189. [PMID: 38017433 PMCID: PMC10683363 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of iPSCs has brought about a significant transformation in stem cell research, opening up promising avenues for advancing cancer treatment. The formation of cancer is a multifaceted process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. iPSCs offer a distinctive platform for investigating the origin of cancer, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment, drug testing, and tailored medical interventions. This review article will provide an overview of the science behind iPSCs, the current limitations and challenges in iPSC-based cancer therapy, the ethical and social implications, and the comparative analysis with other stem cell types for cancer treatment. The article will also discuss the applications of iPSCs in tumorigenesis, the future of iPSCs in tumorigenesis research, and highlight successful case studies utilizing iPSCs in tumorigenesis research. The conclusion will summarize the advancements made in iPSC-based tumorigenesis research and the importance of continued investment in iPSC research to unlock the full potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Behdarvand Dehkordi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abdolvand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharareh Salmanizadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar-Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anoosha Niazmand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saba Ahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sara Feizbakhshan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saber Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Vatandoost
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Ranjbarnejad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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5
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Abudurexiti M, Zhao Y, Wang X, Han L, Liu T, Wang C, Yuan Z. Bio-Inspired Nanocarriers Derived from Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2011. [PMID: 37514197 PMCID: PMC10386614 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15072011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With their seemingly limitless capacity for self-improvement, stem cells have a wide range of potential uses in the medical field. Stem-cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), as paracrine components of stem cells, are natural nanoscale particles that transport a variety of biological molecules and facilitate cell-to-cell communication which have been also widely used for targeted drug delivery. These nanocarriers exhibit inherent advantages, such as strong cell or tissue targeting and low immunogenicity, which synthetic nanocarriers lack. However, despite the tremendous therapeutic potential of stem cells and EVs, their further clinical application is still limited by low yield and a lack of standardized isolation and purification protocols. In recent years, inspired by the concept of biomimetics, a new approach to biomimetic nanocarriers for drug delivery has been developed through combining nanotechnology and bioengineering. This article reviews the application of biomimetic nanocarriers derived from stem cells and their EVs in targeted drug delivery and discusses their advantages and challenges in order to stimulate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munire Abudurexiti
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chendu 610041, China; (M.A.); (X.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Tianfu New Area People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610213, China;
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chendu 610041, China; (M.A.); (X.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Lu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chendu 610041, China; (M.A.); (X.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead 2145, Australia;
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chendu 610041, China; (M.A.); (X.W.); (L.H.)
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Zhang Y, Dou Y, Liu Y, Di M, Bian H, Sun X, Yang Q. Advances in Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3285-3307. [PMID: 37346366 PMCID: PMC10281276 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s409588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale bilayer phospholipid membrane vesicles released by cells. Contained large molecules such as nucleic acid, protein, and lipid, EVs are an integral part of cell communication. The contents of EVs vary based on the cell source and play an important role in both pathological and physiological conditions. EVs can be used as drugs or targets in disease treatment, and changes in the contents of EVs can indicate the progression of diseases. In recent years, with the continuous exploration of the structure, characteristics, and functions of EVs, the potential of engineered EVs for drug delivery and therapy being constantly explored. This review provides a brief overview of the structure, characteristics and functions of EVs, summarizes the advanced application of EVs and outlook on the prospect of it. It is our hope that this review will increase understanding of the current development of medical applications of EVs and help us overcome future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Dou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Di
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanming Bian
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Wu Y, Shum HCE, Wu K, Vadgama J. From Interaction to Intervention: How Mesenchymal Stem Cells Affect and Target Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1182. [PMID: 37189800 PMCID: PMC10136169 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expressions, making targeted therapies ineffective. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising approach for TNBC treatment by modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and interacting with cancer cells. This review aims to comprehensively overview the role of MSCs in TNBC treatment, including their mechanisms of action and application strategies. We analyze the interactions between MSC and TNBC cells, including the impact of MSCs on TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance, along with the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved. We also explore the impact of MSCs on other components of the TME, such as immune and stromal cells, and the underlying mechanisms. The review discusses the application strategies of MSCs in TNBC treatment, including their use as cell or drug carriers and the advantages and limitations of different types and sources of MSCs in terms of safety and efficacy. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of MSCs in TNBC treatment and propose potential solutions or improvement methods. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the potential of MSCs as a novel therapeutic approach for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hang Chee Erin Shum
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jaydutt Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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8
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Wang M, Li J, Wang D, Xin Y, Liu Z. The effects of mesenchymal stem cells on the chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114373. [PMID: 36753960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been the third commonest cancer in the world. The prognosis of patients with CRC is related to the molecular subtypes and gene mutations, which is prone to recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of progenitor ones with the capabilities of self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation, and tissue re-population, which could be isolated from various kinds of tissues and be differentiated into diverse cell types. In recent years, MSCs are applied for mechanisms study of tissue repairing, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and autoimmune-related disease, and tumor development, with the advantages of anti-inflammation, multi-lineage differentiation, and homing capability. Integrating the chemotherapy and MSCs therapy might provide a novel treatment approach for CRC patients. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the integrated treatment of integrating the MSCs and chemotherapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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9
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Zhao Q, Bae EH, Zhang Y, Shahsavari A, Lotey P, Lee RH, Liu F. Inhibitory Effects of Extracellular Vesicles from iPS-Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Onset of Sialadenitis in Sjögren's Syndrome Are Mediated by Immunomodulatory Splenocytes and Improved by Inhibiting miR-125b. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5258. [PMID: 36982329 PMCID: PMC10049013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from allogeneic-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising to improve Sjögren's syndrome (SS) treatment, but their application is hindered by high variations in and limited expandability of tissue MSCs. We derived standardized and scalable MSCs from iPS cells (iMSCs) and reported that EVs from young but not aging iMSCs (iEVs) inhibited sialadenitis onset in SS mouse models. Here, we aim to determine cellular mechanisms and optimization approaches of SS-inhibitory effects of iEVs. In NOD.B10.H2b mice at the pre-disease stage of SS, we examined the biodistribution and recipient cells of iEVs with imaging, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR. Intravenously infused iEVs accumulated in the spleen but not salivary glands or cervical lymph nodes and were mainly taken up by macrophages. In the spleen, young but not aging iEVs increased M2 macrophages, decreased Th17 cells, and changed expression of related immunomodulatory molecules. Loading miR-125b inhibitors into aging iEVs significantly improved their effects on repressing sialadenitis onset and regulating immunomodulatory splenocytes. These data indicated that young but not aging iEVs suppress SS onset by regulating immunomodulatory splenocytes, and inhibiting miR-125b in aging iEVs restores such effects, which is promising to maximize production of effective iEVs from highly expanded iMSCs for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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10
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Li Z, Xu K, Qin L, Zhao D, Yang N, Wang D, Yang Y. Hollow Nanomaterials in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems: From Single- to Multiple Shells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203890. [PMID: 35998336 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hollow-structured nanomaterials (HSNMs) have attracted increased interest in biomedical fields, owing to their excellent potential as drug delivery systems (DDSs) for clinical applications. Among HSNMs, hollow multi-shelled structures (HoMSs) exhibit properties such as high loading capacity, sequential drug release, and multi-functionalized modification and represent a new class of nanoplatforms for clinical applications. The remarkable properties of HoMS-based DDS can simultaneously satisfy and enhance DDSs for delivering small molecular drugs (e.g., antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and imaging agents) and macromolecular drugs (e.g., protein/peptide- and nucleic acid-based drugs). First, the latest research advances in delivering small molecular drugs are summarized and highlight the inherent advantages of HoMS-based DDSs for small molecular drug targeting, combining continuous therapeutic drug delivery and theranostics to optimize the clinical benefit. Meanwhile, the macromolecular drugs DDSs are in the initial development stage and currently offer limited delivery modes. There is a growing need to analyze the deficiency of other HSNMs and integrate the advantages of HSNMs, providing solutions for the safe, stable, and cascade delivery of macromolecular drugs to meet vast treatment requirements. Therefore, the latest advances in HoMS-based DDSs are comprehensively reviewed, mainly focusing on the characteristics, research progress by drug category, and future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Linlin Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Decai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nailiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
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11
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Advance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chronic End-Stage Liver Disease Control. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1526217. [PMID: 36248254 PMCID: PMC9568364 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1526217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic liver diseases will slowly develop into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer if no proper control is performed with high efficiency. Up to now, the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases is liver transplantation. However, liver transplantation has the problems of donor deficiency, low matching rate, surgical complications, high cost, and immune rejection. These problems indicate that novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are somatic stem cells with multidirectional differentiation potential and self-renewal ability. MSCs can secrete a large number of cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory molecules, and hepatotrophic factors, as well as produce extracellular vesicles. They alleviate liver diseases by differentiating to hepatocyte-like cells, immunomodulation, homing to the injured site, regulating cell ferroptosis, regulating cell autophagy, paracrine effects, and MSC-mitochondrial transfer. In this review, we focus on the main resources of MSCs, underlying therapeutic mechanisms, clinical applications, and efforts made to improve MSC-based cell therapy efficiency.
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12
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Zhou Y, Xiao Z, Zhu W. The roles of small extracellular vesicles as prognostic biomarkers and treatment approaches in triple-negative breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:998964. [PMID: 36212432 PMCID: PMC9537600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.998964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive and invasive breast cancer subtype and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Treatment approaches for TNBC remain limited partly due to the lack of expression of well-known molecular targets. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) carrying a variety of bioactive contents play an important role in intercellular communications. The biomolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites can be transferred locally or systematically to recipient cells and regulate their biological states and are involved in physiological and pathological processes. Recently, despite the extensive attraction to the physiological functions of sEVs, few studies focus on the roles of sEVs in TNBC. In this review, we will summarize the involvement of sEVs in the tumor microenvironment of TNBC. Moreover, we will discuss the potential roles of sEVs as diagnostic markers and treatment therapy in this heterogeneous breast cancer subtype. We finally summarize the clinical application of sEVs in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yueyuan Zhou,
| | - Zhongdang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Wu G, Hui X, Hu L, Bai Y, Rahaman A, Yang XF, Chen C. Recent advancement of bioinspired nanomaterials and their applications: A review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:952523. [PMID: 36159672 PMCID: PMC9494199 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.952523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advancement in the field of nanotechnology, different approaches for the synthesis of nanomaterials have been formulated, among which the bioinspired or biomimetic nanoplatforms have been utilized for different biomedical applications. In this context, bioinspired or biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized in which the inspiration for synthesis is taken from nature or its components. Innovations in bioengineering tools and bio-conjugation chemistry have enabled scientists to develop novel types of such nanoplatforms. They have several advantages over normal synthesis protocols. In this review, we 1) summarized nanomaterial types and their advancements in bioinspired nanotechnology therapies; 2) discussed the major types, novel preparation methods, and synthesis progress of NPs in current biomedical fields; 3) gave a brief account of the need for synthesizing NPs via a bioinspired route rather than their common route; 4) highlighted the updated information on the biomimetic synthesis of different types of NPs; and 5) provided future perspectives in the synthesis of novel NPs for their potential applications in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaodan Hui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linhui Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong Province, China
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong Province, China
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Abdul Rahaman
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Fen Yang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chunbo Chen,
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Prasad R, Conde J. Bioinspired soft nanovesicles for site-selective cancer imaging and targeted therapies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1792. [PMID: 35318815 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication within the heterogeneous solid tumor environment plays a significant role in the uncontrolled metastasis of cancer. To inhibit the metastasis and growth of cancer cells, various chemically designed and biologically derived nanosized biomaterials have been applied for targeted cancer therapeutics applications. Over the years, bioinspired soft nanovesicles have gained tremendous attention for targeted cancer therapeutics due to their easy binding with tumor microenvironment, natural targeting ability, bio-responsive nature, better biocompatibility, high cargo capacity for multiple therapeutics agents, and long circulation time. These cell-derived nanovesicles guard their loaded cargo molecules from immune clearance and make them site-selective to cancer cells due to their natural binding and delivery abilities. Furthermore, bioinspired soft nanovesicles prevent cell-to-cell communication and secretion of cancer cell markers by delivering the therapeutics agents predominantly. Cell-derived vesicles, namely, exosomes, extracellular vesicles, and so forth have been recognized as versatile carriers for therapeutic biomolecules. However, low product yield, poor reproducibility, and uncontrolled particle size distribution have remained as major challenges of these soft nanovesicles. Furthermore, the surface biomarkers and molecular contents of these vesicles change with respect to the stage of disease and types. Here in this review, we have discussed numerous examples of bioinspired soft vesicles for targeted imaging and cancer therapeutic applications with their advantages and limitations. Importance of bioengineered soft nanovesicles for localized therapies with their clinical relevance has also been addressed in this article. Overall, cell-derived nanovesicles could be considered as clinically relevant platforms for cancer therapeutics. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Conde
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Liao M, Qin R, Huang W, Zhu HP, Peng F, Han B, Liu B. Targeting regulated cell death (RCD) with small-molecule compounds in triple-negative breast cancer: a revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:44. [PMID: 35414025 PMCID: PMC9006445 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of human breast cancer with one of the worst prognoses, with no targeted therapeutic strategies currently available. Regulated cell death (RCD), also known as programmed cell death (PCD), has been widely reported to have numerous links to the progression and therapy of many types of human cancer. Of note, RCD can be divided into numerous different subroutines, including autophagy-dependent cell death, apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and anoikis. More recently, targeting the subroutines of RCD with small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy, which has rapidly progressed in the treatment of TNBC. Therefore, in this review, we focus on summarizing the molecular mechanisms of the above-mentioned seven major RCD subroutines related to TNBC and the latest progress of small-molecule compounds targeting different RCD subroutines. Moreover, we further discuss the combined strategies of one drug (e.g., narciclasine) or more drugs (e.g., torin-1 combined with chloroquine) to achieve the therapeutic potential on TNBC by regulating RCD subroutines. More importantly, we demonstrate several small-molecule compounds (e.g., ONC201 and NCT03733119) by targeting the subroutines of RCD in TNBC clinical trials. Taken together, these findings will provide a clue on illuminating more actionable low-hanging-fruit druggable targets and candidate small-molecule drugs for potential RCD-related TNBC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hong-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.,Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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16
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Liu TM. Application of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1826-1844. [PMID: 35069985 PMCID: PMC8727229 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i12.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent the most clinically used stem cells in regenerative medicine. However, due to the disadvantages with primary MSCs, such as limited cell proliferative capacity and rarity in the tissues leading to limited MSCs, gradual loss of differentiation during in vitro expansion reducing the efficacy of MSC application, and variation among donors increasing the uncertainty of MSC efficacy, the clinical application of MSCs has been greatly hampered. MSCs derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-MSCs) can circumvent these problems associated with primary MSCs. Due to the infinite self-renewal of hPSCs and their differentiation potential towards MSCs, hPSC-MSCs are emerging as an attractive alternative for regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the progress on derivation of MSCs from human pluripotent stem cells, disease modelling and drug screening using hPSC-MSCs, and various applications of hPSC-MSCs in regenerative medicine. In the end, the challenges and concerns with hPSC-MSC applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Ming Liu
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore
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17
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Chien WC, Cheng PH, Cheng XJ, Chuang CC, Huang YT, T S A, Liu CH, Lu YJ, Wu KCW. MCP-1-Functionalized, Core-Shell Gold Nanorod@Iron-Based Metal-Organic Framework (MCP-1/GNR@MIL-100(Fe)) for Photothermal Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52092-52105. [PMID: 34415720 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The low vessel density and oxygen concentration in hypoxia are the main causes of reduced efficiency of anticancer therapeutics and can stimulate the tumor's relapse. Research showed that macrophages could cross the blood-vessel barriers and reach the hypoxic regions of tumors. Using macrophages in a drug delivery system has been a promising method for tumor targeting in recent years. In this work, we successfully modified monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and iron-based metal-organic framework (MIL-100(Fe)) on the photothermal agent, gold nanorods (GNRs) (i.e., MCP-1/GNR@MIL-100(Fe)), to increase cellular uptake and biocompatibility. The results of TEM, UV-vis, and FTIR all confirmed that we'd synthesized MCP-1/GNR@MIL-100(Fe) successfully, and the MCP-1/GNR@MIL-100(Fe) also showed good biocompatibility. A transwell migration assay illustrated that our material attracted macrophages, and the material uptake amount was increased by 1.5 times after MCP-1 functionalization. It also indicated that the macrophages have a tumor-targeting ability. In the in vivo experiment, we subcutaneously implanted U251 MG cells in nude mice as a xenograft model to demonstrate the photothermal activity of MCP-1/GNR@MIL-100(Fe). With successive NIR treatment, the tumor growth could be controlled, and the tumor volume still remained below 100 mm3 after laser treatment. MCP-1/GNR@MIL-100(Fe) combined with the laser treatment showed an excellent antitumor efficacy from the histology of tumor tissues, survival rates, and bioluminescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Chien
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Xu-Jun Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Chuang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Anilkumar T S
- Division of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua First Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering & Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Maoli County 350, Taiwan
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18
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Dually targeted bioinspired nanovesicle delays advanced prostate cancer tumour growth in vivo. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:559-575. [PMID: 34274531 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is second-leading cancer in men, with limited treatment options available for men with advanced and metastatic PC. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have been exploited as therapeutic targets in PC due to their upregulation in the advanced stages of the disease. To date, several PSA- and PSMA-activatable prodrugs have been developed to reduce the systemic toxicity of existing chemotherapeutics. Bioinspired nanovesicles have been exploited in drug delivery, offering prolonged drug blood circulation and higher tumour accumulation. For the first time, this study describes the engineering of dually targeted PSA/PSMA nanovesicles for advanced PC. PSMA-targeted bioinspired hybrids were prepared by hydrating a lipid film with anti-PSMA-U937 cell membranes and DOX-PSA prodrug, followed by extrusion. The bioinspired hybrids were characterised using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, Dot blot, flow cytometry and Western blot. Cellular binding and toxicity studies in PC cancer cell lines were carried out using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and resazurin assay. Finally, tumour targeting and therapeutic efficacy studies were performed in solid and metastatic C4-2B-tumor-bearing mice. Interestingly, our PSMA-targeted hybrids demonstrated high cell uptake in PSMA-expressing cells with significant accumulation in solid and metastatic C4-2B tumour tissues following intravenous administration. More promisingly, our dually targeted PSA/PSMA hybrid significantly slowed down the C4-2B tumour growth in vivo, compared to free DOX-PSA and non-targeted PSA-hybrid. Our PSA/PSMA bioinspired hybrid could offer a highly selective treatment for advanced PC with lower side effects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study investigates a new approach to treat prostate cancer using dually targeted bioinspired nanovesicle . Our bioinspired vesicles are made mainly of a human blood cell membrane with a ligand recognising a specific marker (PSMA) on the surface of the prostate cancer cells. The present work describes the successful loading of a doxorubicin prodrug linked to a PSA- activatable peptide into these targeted bioinspired nanovesicle , where the active PSA enzyme presents in these cells converts the drug to its active form. Our dually targeted PSA/PSMA hybrid vesicles has successfully improved site-specific prodrug delivery to tackle advanced prostate cancer, offering a novel and effective prostate cancer treatment.
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Weng Z, Zhang B, Wu C, Yu F, Han B, Li B, Li L. Therapeutic roles of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:136. [PMID: 34479611 PMCID: PMC8414028 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane structures enclosing proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines. EVs have emerged as essential intercellular communication regulators in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Previous studies revealed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could either support or suppress tumor progression in different cancers by paracrine signaling via MSC-derived EVs. Evidence suggested that MSC-derived EVs could mimic their parental cells, possessing pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects, and inherent tumor tropism. Therefore, MSC-derived EVs can be a cell-free cancer treatment alternative. This review discusses different insights regarding MSC-derived EVs' roles in cancer treatment and summarizes bioengineered MSC-derived EVs’ applications as safe and versatile anti-tumor agent delivery platforms. Meanwhile, current hurdles of moving MSC-derived EVs from bench to bedside are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Comfort Care Dental Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Comfort Care Dental Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Hassanzadeh A, Altajer AH, Rahman HS, Saleh MM, Bokov DO, Abdelbasset WK, Marofi F, Zamani M, Yaghoubi Y, Yazdanifar M, Pathak Y, Chartrand MS, Jarahian M. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Based Delivery: A Rapidly Evolving Strategy for Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686453. [PMID: 34322483 PMCID: PMC8311597 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has become an attractive and advanced scientific research area in the context of cancer therapy. This interest is closely linked to the MSC-marked tropism for tumors, suggesting them as a rational and effective vehicle for drug delivery for both hematological and solid malignancies. Nonetheless, the therapeutic application of the MSCs in human tumors is still controversial because of the induction of several signaling pathways largely contributing to tumor progression and metastasis. In spite of some evidence supporting that MSCs may sustain cancer pathogenesis, increasing proofs have indicated the suppressive influences of MSCs on tumor cells. During the last years, a myriad of preclinical and some clinical studies have been carried out or are ongoing to address the safety and efficacy of the MSC-based delivery of therapeutic agents in diverse types of malignancies. A large number of studies have focused on the MSC application as delivery vehicles for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), chemotherapeutic drug such as gemcitabine (GCB), paclitaxel (PTX), and doxorubicin (DOX), prodrugs such as 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) and ganciclovir (GCV), and immune cell-activating cytokines along with oncolytic virus. In the current review, we evaluate the latest findings rendering the potential of MSCs to be employed as potent gene/drug delivery vehicle for inducing tumor regression with a special focus on the in vivo reports performed during the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Marwan Mahmood Saleh
- Department of Biophysics, College of Applied Sciences, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Dmitry O. Bokov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Yoda Yaghoubi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Yashwant Pathak
- Professor and Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Mostafa Jarahian
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Hua Z, White J, Zhou J. Cancer stem cells in TNBC. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 82:26-34. [PMID: 34147641 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a broad collection of breast cancer that tests negative for estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and excess human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein. TNBC is considered to have poorer prognosis than other types of breast cancer because of a lack of effective therapeutic targets. The success of precision cancer therapies relies on the clarification of key molecular mechanisms that drive tumor growth and metastasis; however, TNBC is highly heterogeneous in terms of their cellular lineage composition and the molecular nature within each individual case. In particular, the rare and sometimes slow cycling cancer stem cells (CSCs) can provide effective means for TNBC to resist various treatments. Single cell analysis technologies, including single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and proteomics, provide an avenue to unravel patient-level intratumoral heterogeneity by identifying CSCs populations, CSC biomarkers and the range of tumor microenvironment cellular constituents that contribute to tumor growth. This review discusses the emerging evidence for the role of CSCs in driving TNBC incidence and the therapeutic implications in manipulating molecular signaling against this rare cell population for the control of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Hua
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jason White
- Tuskegee University, Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee, AL, 36830, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Cell membrane cloaked nanomedicines for bio-imaging and immunotherapy of cancer: Improved pharmacokinetics, cell internalization and anticancer efficacy. J Control Release 2021; 335:130-157. [PMID: 34015400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite enormous advancements in the field of oncology, the innocuous and effectual treatment of various types of malignancies remained a colossal challenge. The conventional modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery have been remained the most viable options for cancer treatment, but lacking of target-specificity, optimum safety and efficacy, and pharmacokinetic disparities are their impliable shortcomings. Though, in recent decades, numerous encroachments in the field of onco-targeted drug delivery have been adapted but several limitations (i.e., short plasma half-life, early clearance by reticuloendothelial system, immunogenicity, inadequate internalization and localization into the onco-tissues, chemoresistance, and deficient therapeutic efficacy) associated with these onco-targeted delivery systems limits their clinical viability. To abolish the aforementioned inadequacies, a promising approach has been emerged in which stealthing of synthetic nanocarriers has been attained by cloaking them into the natural cell membranes. These biomimetic nanomedicines not only retain characteristics features of the synthetic nanocarriers but also inherit the cell-membrane intrinsic functionalities. In this review, we have summarized preparation methods, mechanism of cloaking, and pharmaceutical and therapeutic superiority of cell-membrane camouflaged nanomedicines in improving the bio-imaging and immunotherapy against various types of malignancies. These pliable adaptations have revolutionized the current drug delivery strategies by optimizing the plasma circulation time, improving the permeation into the cancerous microenvironment, escaping the immune evasion and rapid clearance from the systemic circulation, minimizing the immunogenicity, and enabling the cell-cell communication via cell membrane markers of biomimetic nanomedicines. Moreover, the preeminence of cell-membrane cloaked nanomedicines in improving the bio-imaging and theranostic applications, alone or in combination with phototherapy or radiotherapy, have also been pondered.
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Chen X, Liu B, Tong R, Zhan L, Yin X, Luo X, Huang Y, Zhang J, He W, Wang Y. Orchestration of biomimetic membrane coating and nanotherapeutics in personalized anticancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:590-625. [PMID: 33305765 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based therapeutic and detectable modalities can augment anticancer efficiency, holding potential in capable target and suppressive metastases post administration. However, the individual discrepancies of the current "one-size-fits-all" strategies for anticancer nanotherapeutics have heralded the need for "personalized therapy". Benefiting from the special inherency of various cells, diverse cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMCNs) were established on a patient-by-patient basis, which would facilitate the personalized treatment of individual cancer patients. CMCNs in a complex microenvironment can evade the immune system and target homologous tumors with a suppressed immune response, as well as a prolonged circulation time, consequently increasing the drug accumulation at the tumor site and anticancer therapeutic efficacy. This review focuses on the emerging strategies and advances of CMCNs to synergistically integrate the merit of source cells with nanoparticulate delivery systems for the orchestration of personalized anticancer nanotherapeutics, thus discussing their rationalities in facilitating chemotherapy, imaging, immunotherapy, phototherapy, radiotherapy, sonodynamic, magnetocaloric, chemodynamic and gene therapy. Furthermore, the mechanism, challenges and opportunities of CMCNs in personalized anticancer therapy were highlighted to further boost cooperation from different fields, including materials science, chemistry, medicine, pharmacy and biology for the lab-to-clinic translation of CMCNs combined with the individual advantages of source cells and nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Chen
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center, School of Medicine & School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. and Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rongliang Tong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhan
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center, School of Medicine & School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. and Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xuelian Yin
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center, School of Medicine & School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. and Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanan Huang
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center, School of Medicine & School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. and Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center, School of Medicine & School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. and Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wen He
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center, School of Medicine & School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. and Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center, School of Medicine & School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. and Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Nano-delivery systems focused on tumor microenvironment regulation and biomimetic strategies for treatment of breast cancer metastasis. J Control Release 2021; 333:374-390. [PMID: 33798666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis and recurrence accounts for vast majority of breast cancer-induced mortality. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role at each step of metastasis, evasion of immunosurveillance, and therapeutic resistance. Consequently, TME-targeting alternatives to traditional therapies focused on breast cancer cells are gaining increasing attention. These new therapies involve the use of tumor cells, and key TME components or secreted bioactive molecules as therapeutic targets, alone or in combination. Recently, TME-related nanoparticles have been developed to deliver various agents, such as bioactive ingredients extracted from natural sources or chemotherapeutic agents, genes, proteins, small interfering RNAs, and vaccines; they have shown great therapeutic potential against breast cancer metastasis. Among various types of nanoparticles, biomimetic nanovesicles are a promising means of addressing the limitations of conventional nanocarriers. This review highlights various nanoparticles related to or mediated by TME according to the key TME components responsible for metastasis. Furthermore, TME-related biomimetic nanoparticles against breast cancer metastasis have garnered attention owing to their promising efficiency, especially in payload delivery and therapeutic action. Here, we summarize recent representative studies on nanoparticles related to cancer-associated fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, endothelial cells, angiogenesis, and immune cells, as well as advanced biomimetic nanoparticles. Future challenges and opportunities in the field are also discussed.
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25
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Genetically-engineered anti-PSMA exosome mimetics targeting advanced prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. J Control Release 2021; 330:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Zhao Q, Hai B, Kelly J, Wu S, Liu F. Extracellular vesicle mimics made from iPS cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:29. [PMID: 33413659 PMCID: PMC7792192 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their mimics from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising drug carriers to improve cancer treatment, but their application is hindered by donor variations and expansion limitations of conventional tissue-derived MSCs. To circumvent these issues, we made EV-mimicking nanovesicles from standardized MSCs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a theoretically limitless expandability, and examined the targeting capacity of these nanovesicles to prostate cancer. METHODS Nanovesicles are made from intact iPSC-MSCs through serial extrusion. The selective uptake of fluorescently labeled nanovesicles by prostate cancer cells vs. non-tumor cells was examined with flow cytometry. For in vivo tracing, nanovesicles were labeled with fluorescent dye DiR or renilla luciferase. In mice carrying subcutaneous or bone metastatic PC3 prostate cancer, the biodistribution of systemically infused nanovesicles was examined with in vivo and ex vivo imaging of DiR and luminescent signals. A chemotherapeutic drug, docetaxel, was loaded into nanovesicles during extrusion. The cytotoxicities of nanovesicle-encapsulated docetaxel on docetaxel-sensitive and -resistant prostate cancer cells and non-tumor cells were examined in comparison with free docetaxel. Therapeutic effects of nanovesicle-encapsulated docetaxel were examined in mice carrying subcutaneous or bone metastatic prostate cancer by monitoring tumor growth in comparison with free docetaxel. RESULTS iPSC-MSC nanovesicles are more selectively taken up by prostate cancer cells vs. non-tumor cells in vitro compared with EVs, membrane-only EV-mimetic nanoghosts and liposomes, which is not affected by storage for up to 6 weeks. In mouse models of subcutaneous and bone metastatic PC3 prostate cancer, systemically infused nanovesicles accumulate in tumor regions with significantly higher selectivity than liposomes. The loading of docetaxel into nanovesicles was efficient and did not affect the selective uptake of nanovesicles by prostate cancer cells. The cytotoxicities of nanovesicle-encapsulated docetaxel are significantly stronger on docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells and weaker on non-tumor cells than free docetaxel. In mouse models of subcutaneous and bone metastatic prostate cancer, nanovesicle-encapsulated docetaxel significantly decreased the tumor growth and toxicity to white blood cells compared with free docetaxel. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that EV-mimicking iPSC-MSC nanovesicles are promising to improve the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Zhao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Bo Hai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jack Kelly
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Samuel Wu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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27
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Li T, Qin X, Li Y, Shen X, Li S, Yang H, Wu C, Zheng C, Zhu J, You F, Liu Y. Cell Membrane Coated-Biomimetic Nanoplatforms Toward Cancer Theranostics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:371. [PMID: 32411690 PMCID: PMC7202082 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research of nanotechnology for cancer therapy and diagnosis extends beyond drug delivery into the targeted site or surveillance the distribution of nanodrugs in vivo or distinction tumor tissue from normal tissue. To satisfy the clinic needs, nanotheranostic platform should hide the surveillance by immune system and the sequestration by filtration organs (i.e., liver and spleen). Use of biologically derived cellular components in the fabrication of nanoparticles can hide these barriers. In this review, we update the recent progress on cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for cancer theranostics. We hope this review paper can inspire further innovations in biomimetic nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yichao Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Department of Cancer Research, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Cancer Research, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengming You
- Department of Cancer Research, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cancer Research, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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28
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) show excellent therapeutic potentials in many preclinical studies and clinical trials. However, the clinical application of conventional tissue-derived MSCs faces challenges of limited scalability and high donor variations. To address these challenges, we established a protocol for deriving and characterizing MSCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a theoretically limitless expandability. The iPSC-MSCs show biological properties comparable to or better than early passage bone marrow MSCs and can be scaled up to huge amounts with uniform properties.
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