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Relat J, Pérez B, Camps P, Muñoz-Torrero D, Badia A, Victòria Clos M. Huprine X Attenuates The Neurotoxicity Induced by Kainic Acid, Especially Brain Inflammation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 122:94-103. [PMID: 28724203 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Huprine X (HX) is a synthetic anticholinesterasic compound that exerts a potent inhibitory action on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, an agonist effect on cholinergic receptors, neuroprotective activity in different neurotoxicity models in vivo and in vitro and cognition enhancing effects in non-transgenic (C57BL/6) and transgenic (3xTg-AD, APPswe) mice. In this study, we assessed the ability of HX (0.8 mg/kg, 21 days) to prevent the damage induced by kainic acid (KA; 28 mg/kg) regarding apoptosis, glia reactivity and neurogenesis in mouse brain. KA administration significantly modified the levels of pAkt1, Bcl2, pGSK3β, p25/p35, increased the glial cell markers and reduced the neurogenesis process. We also observed that pre-treatment with HX significantly reduced the p25/p35 ratio and increased synaptophysin levels, which suggests a protective effect against apoptosis and an improvement of neuroplasticity. The increase in GFAP (88%) and Iba-1 (72%) induced by KA was totally prevented by HX pre-treatment, underlying a relevant anti-inflammatory action of the anticholinesterasic drug. Our findings highlight the potential of HX, in particular, and of AChEIs, in general, to treat a number of diseases that course with both cognitive deficits and chronic inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Relat
- Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pelayo Camps
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Unit Associated to the CSIC), Faculty of Agriculture and Science of Food and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Unit Associated to the CSIC), Faculty of Agriculture and Science of Food and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Badia
- Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Victòria Clos
- Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Britten RA, Jewell JS, Davis LK, Miller VD, Hadley MM, Semmes OJ, Lonart G, Dutta SM. Changes in the Hippocampal Proteome Associated with Spatial Memory Impairment after Exposure to Low (20 cGy) Doses of 1 GeV/n 56Fe Radiation. Radiat Res 2017; 187:287-297. [PMID: 28156212 DOI: 10.1667/rr14067.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to low (∼20 cGy) doses of high-energy charged (HZE) particles, such as 1 GeV/n 56Fe, results in impaired hippocampal-dependent learning and memory (e.g., novel object recognition and spatial memory) in rodents. While these findings raise the possibility that astronauts on deep-space missions may develop cognitive deficits, not all rats develop HZE-induced cognitive impairments, even after exposure to high (200 cGy) HZE doses. The reasons for this differential sensitivity in some animals that develop HZE-induced cognitive failure remain speculative. We employed a robust quantitative mass spectrometry-based workflow, which links early-stage discovery to next-stage quantitative verification, to identify differentially active proteins/pathways in rats that developed spatial memory impairment at three months after exposure to 20 cGy of 1 GeV/n 56Fe (20/impaired), and in those rats that managed to maintain normal cognitive performance (20/functional). Quantitative data were obtained on 665-828 hippocampal proteins in the various cohorts of rats studied, of which 580 were expressed in all groups. A total of 107 proteins were upregulated in the irradiated rats irrespective of their spatial memory performance status, which included proteins involved in oxidative damage response, calcium transport and signaling. Thirty percent (37/107) of these "radiation biomarkers" formed a functional interactome of the proteasome and the COP9 signalosome. These data suggest that there is persistent oxidative stress, ongoing autophagy and altered synaptic plasticity in the irradiated hippocampus, irrespective of the spatial memory performance status, suggesting that the ultimate phenotype may be determined by how well the hippocampal neurons compensate to the ongoing oxidative stress and associated side effects. There were 67 proteins with expression that correlated with impaired spatial memory performance. Several of the "impaired biomarkers" have been implicated in poor spatial memory performance, neurodegeneration, neuronal loss or neuronal susceptibility to apoptosis, or neuronal synaptic or structural plasticity. Therefore, in addition to the baseline oxidative stress and altered adenosine metabolism observed in all irradiated rats, the 20/impaired rats expressed proteins that led to poor spatial memory performance, enhanced neuronal loss and apoptosis, changes in synaptic plasticity and dendritic remodeling. A total of 46 proteins, which were differentially upregulated in the sham-irradiated and 20/functional rat cohorts, can thus be considered as markers of good spatial memory, while another 95 proteins are associated with the maintenance of good spatial memory in the 20/functional rats. The loss or downregulation of these "good spatial memory" proteins would most likely exacerbate the situation in the 20/impaired rats, having a major impact on their neurocognitive status, given that many of those proteins play an important role in neuronal homeostasis and function. Our large-scale comprehensive proteomic analysis has provided some insight into the processes that are altered after exposure, and the collective data suggests that there are multiple problems with the functionality of the neurons and astrocytes in the irradiated hippocampi, which appear to be further exacerbated in the rats that have impaired spatial memory performance or partially compensated for in the rats with good spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Britten
- Department of a Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507.,b Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507.,c Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Jessica S Jewell
- Department of a Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Leslie K Davis
- Department of a Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Vania D Miller
- Department of a Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Melissa M Hadley
- Department of a Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - O John Semmes
- b Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507.,c Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507.,d Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - György Lonart
- d Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Sucharita M Dutta
- c Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
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Yuan A, Nixon RA. Specialized roles of neurofilament proteins in synapses: Relevance to neuropsychiatric disorders. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:334-346. [PMID: 27609296 PMCID: PMC5079776 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurofilaments are uniquely complex among classes of intermediate filaments in being composed of four subunits (NFL, NFM, NFH and alpha-internexin in the CNS) that differ in structure, regulation, and function. Although neurofilaments have been traditionally viewed as axonal structural components, recent evidence has revealed that distinctive assemblies of neurofilament subunits are integral components of synapses, especially at postsynaptic sites. Within the synaptic compartment, the individual subunits differentially modulate neurotransmission and behavior through interactions with specific neurotransmitter receptors. These newly uncovered functions suggest that alterations of neurofilament proteins not only underlie axonopathy in various neurological disorders but also may play vital roles in cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we review evidence that synaptic neurofilament proteins are a sizable population in the CNS and we advance the concept that changes in the levels or post-translational modification of individual NF subunits contribute to synaptic and behavioral dysfunction in certain neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Yuan
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, 10962, United States; Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States.
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, 10962, United States; Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States.
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Gentil BJ, McLean JR, Xiao S, Zhao B, Durham HD, Robertson J. A two-hybrid screen identifies an unconventional role for the intermediate filament peripherin in regulating the subcellular distribution of the SNAP25-interacting protein, SIP30. J Neurochem 2014; 131:588-601. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit J. Gentil
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jesse R. McLean
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Shangxi Xiao
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Heather D. Durham
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Janice Robertson
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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The effects of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion on expression of peripherin and choline acetyltransferase activity in C57BL/6 mice. Brain Res 2013; 1491:167-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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McLean JR, Robertson J. Isoform-specific expression and ratio changes accompany oxidant-induced peripherin aggregation in a neuroblastoma cell line. Brain Res 2011; 1422:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Intermediate filaments take the heat as stress proteins. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 20:79-91. [PMID: 20045331 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filament (IF) proteins and heat shock proteins (HSPs) are large multimember families that share several features, including protein abundance, significant upregulation in response to a variety of stresses, cytoprotective functions, and the phenocopying of several human diseases after IF protein or HSP mutation. We are now coming to understand that these common elements point to IFs as important cellular stress proteins with some roles akin to those already well-characterized for HSPs. Unique functional roles for IFs include protection from mechanical stress, whereas HSPs are characteristically involved in protein folding and as chaperones. Shared IF and HSP cytoprotective roles include inhibition of apoptosis, organelle homeostasis, and scaffolding. In this report, we review data that corroborate the view that IFs function as highly specialized cytoskeletal stress proteins that promote cellular organization and homeostasis.
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Kriz J, Lalancette-Hébert M. Inflammation, plasticity and real-time imaging after cerebral ischemia. Acta Neuropathol 2009; 117:497-509. [PMID: 19225790 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-009-0496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With an incidence of approximately 350 in 100,000, stroke is the third leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in industrialized countries. At present, although progress has been made in understanding the molecular pathways that lead to ischemic cell death, the current clinical treatments remain poorly effective. There is mounting evidence that inflammation plays an important role in cerebral ischemia. Experimentally and clinically, brain response to ischemic injury is associated with an acute and prolonged inflammatory process characterized by the activation of resident glial cells, production of inflammatory cytokines as well as leukocyte and monocyte infiltration in the brain, events that may contribute to ischemic brain injury and affect brain recovery and plasticity. However, whether the post-ischemic inflammatory response is deleterious or beneficial to brain recovery is presently a matter of debate and controversies. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying post-ischemic neuronal plasticity and the potential role of inflammation in regenerative processes and functional recovery after stroke. Furthermore, because of the dynamic nature of the brain inflammatory response, we highlight the importance of the development of novel experimental approaches such as real-time imaging. Finally, we discuss the novel transgenic reporter mice models that have allowed us to visualize and to analyze the processes such as neuroinflammation and neuronal repair from the ischemic brains of live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Kriz
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUQ), T3-67, Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Transgenic mice expressing the Peripherin-EGFP genomic reporter display intrinsic peripheral nervous system fluorescence. Transgenic Res 2008; 17:1103-16. [PMID: 18709437 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-008-9210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of homologous recombination methods for the precise modification of bacterial artificial chromosomes has allowed the introduction of disease causing mutations or fluorescent reporter genes into human loci for functional studies. We have introduced the EGFP gene into the human PRPH-1 locus to create the Peripherin-EGFP (hPRPH1-G) genomic reporter construct. The hPRPH1-G reporter was used to create transgenic mice with an intrinsically fluorescent peripheral nervous system (PNS). During development, hPRPH1-G expression was concomitant with the acquisition of neuronal cell fate and growing axons could be observed in whole embryo mounts. In the adult, sensory neurons were labeled in both the PNS and central nervous system, while motor neurons in the spinal cord had more limited expression. The fusion protein labeled long neuronal processes, highlighting the peripheral circuitry of hPRPH1-G transgenic mice to provide a useful resource for a range of neurobiological applications.
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Eriksson KS, Zhang S, Lin L, Larivière RC, Julien JP, Mignot E. The type III neurofilament peripherin is expressed in the tuberomammillary neurons of the mouse. BMC Neurosci 2008; 9:26. [PMID: 18294400 PMCID: PMC2266937 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-9-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripherin, a type III neuronal intermediate filament, is widely expressed in neurons of the peripheral nervous system and in selected central nervous system hindbrain areas with projections towards peripheral structures, such as cranial nerves and spinal cord neurons. Peripherin appears to play a role in neurite elongation during development and axonal regeneration, but its exact function is not known. We noticed high peripherin expression in the posterior hypothalamus of mice, and decided to investigate further the exact location of expression and function of peripherin in the mouse posterior hypothalamus. RESULTS In situ hybridization indicated expression of peripherin in neurons with a distribution reminiscent of the histaminergic neurons, with little signal in any other part of the forebrain. Immunocytochemical staining for histidine decarboxylase and peripherin revealed extensive colocalization, showing that peripherin is produced by histaminergic neurons in all parts of the tuberomammillary nucleus. We next used histamine immunostaining in peripherin knockout, overexpressing and wild type mice to study if altered peripherin expression affects these neurons, but could not detect any visible difference in the appearance of these neurons or their axons. Peripherin knockout mice and heterozygotic littermates were used for measurement of locomotor activity, feeding, drinking, and energy expenditure. Both genotypes displayed diurnal rhythms with all the parameters higher during the dark period. The respiratory quotient, an indicator of the type of substrate being utilized, also exhibited a significant diurnal rhythm in both genotypes. The diurnal patterns and the average values of all the recorded parameters for 24 h, daytime and night time were not significantly different between the genotypes, however. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we have shown that peripherin is expressed in the tuberomammillary neurons of the mouse hypothalamus. Monitoring of locomotor activity, feeding, drinking, and energy expenditure in mice either lacking or overexpressing peripherin did not reveal any difference, so the significance of peripherin in these neurons remains to be determined. The complete overlap between histidine decarboxylase and peripherin, both the protein and its mRNA, renders peripherin a useful new marker for histaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krister S Eriksson
- Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Tedeschi G, Cappelletti G, Nonnis S, Taverna F, Negri A, Ronchi C, Ronchi S. Tyrosine nitration is a novel post-translational modification occurring on the neural intermediate filament protein peripherin. Neurochem Res 2007; 32:433-41. [PMID: 17268851 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-006-9244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The biological implication of protein tyrosine nitration in signaling pathways triggered by nitric oxide is recently emerging. Here we report for the first time that nitrotyrosination occurs in the neural intermediate filament protein peripherin. In neuron-like PC12 cells, nitrated peripherin is associated with the cytoskeleton fraction, its level increases during the progression of NGF-induced differentiation and the nitrated protein remains closely associated with stable microtubules. Tyr 17 and Tyr 376 were identified by MALDI-TOF analyses as two specific residues endogenously nitrated. Finally, peripherin nitration is not restricted to PC12 cells but it is also present in vivo in rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Tedeschi
- Section of Biochemistry, University of Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20100 Milano, Italy.
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