1
|
Kim B, Kang Y, Mendelson FE, Hayes JM, Savelieff MG, Nagrath S, Feldman EL. Palmitate and glucose increase amyloid precursor protein in extracellular vesicles: Missing link between metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12340. [PMID: 37898562 PMCID: PMC10613125 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Alzheimer's disease share several pathological features, including insulin resistance, abnormal protein processing, mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated inflammation and oxidative stress. The MetS constitutes elevated fasting glucose, obesity, dyslipidaemia and hypertension and increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, but the precise mechanism remains elusive. Insulin resistance, which develops from a diet rich in sugars and saturated fatty acids, such as palmitate, is shared by the MetS and Alzheimer's disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are also a point of convergence, with altered dynamics in both the MetS and Alzheimer's disease. However, the role of palmitate- and glucose-induced insulin resistance in the brain and its potential link through EVs to Alzheimer's disease is unknown. We demonstrate that palmitate and high glucose induce insulin resistance and amyloid precursor protein phosphorylation in primary rat embryonic cortical neurons and human cortical stem cells. Palmitate also triggers insulin resistance in oligodendrocytes, the supportive glia of the brain. Palmitate and glucose enhance amyloid precursor protein secretion from cortical neurons via EVs, which induce tau phosphorylation when added to naïve neurons. Additionally, EVs from palmitate-treated oligodendrocytes enhance insulin resistance in recipient neurons. Overall, our findings suggest a novel theory underlying the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in MetS mediated by EVs, which spread Alzheimer's pathology and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhumsoo Kim
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Yoon‐Tae Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Faye E. Mendelson
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - John M. Hayes
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Masha G. Savelieff
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Célestine M, Jacquier-Sarlin M, Borel E, Petit F, Perot JB, Hérard AS, Bousset L, Buisson A, Dhenain M. Long term worsening of amyloid pathology, cerebral function, and cognition after a single inoculation of beta-amyloid seeds with Osaka mutation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:66. [PMID: 37087498 PMCID: PMC10122826 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by intracerebral deposition of abnormal proteinaceous assemblies made of amyloid-β (Aß) peptides or tau proteins. These peptides and proteins induce synaptic dysfunctions that are strongly correlated with cognitive decline. Intracerebral infusion of well-defined Aβ seeds from non-mutated Aβ1-40 or Aβ1-42 peptides can increase Aβ depositions several months after the infusion. Familial forms of AD are associated with mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) that induce the production of Aβ peptides with different structures. The Aβ Osaka (Aβosa mutation (E693Δ)) is located within the Aβ sequence and thus the Aβosa peptides have different structures and properties as compared to non-mutated Aβ1-42 peptides (Aβwt). Here, we wondered if a single exposure to this mutated Aβ can worsen AD pathology as well as downstream events including cognition, cerebral connectivity and synaptic health several months after the inoculation. To answer this question we inoculated Aβ1-42-bearing Osaka mutation (Aβosa) in the dentate gyrus of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice at the age of two months. Their cognition and cerebral connectivity were analyzed at 4 months post-inoculation by behavioral evaluation and functional MRI. Aβ pathology as well as synaptic density were evaluated by histology. The impact of Aβosa peptides on synaptic health was also measured on primary cortical neurons. Remarkably, the intracerebral administration of Aβosa induced cognitive and synaptic impairments as well as a reduction of functional connectivity between different brain regions, 4 months post-inoculation. It increased Aβ plaque depositions and increased Aβ oligomers. This is the first study showing that a single, sporadic event as Aβosa inoculation can worsen the fate of the pathology and clinical outcome several months after the event. It suggests that a single inoculation of Aβ regulates a large cascade of events for a long time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Célestine
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Muriel Jacquier-Sarlin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eve Borel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fanny Petit
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Perot
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Bousset
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alain Buisson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Dhenain
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France.
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tautou M, Descamps F, Larchanché PE, Buée L, El Bakali J, Melnyk P, Sergeant N. A Polyaminobiaryl-Based β-secretase Modulator Alleviates Cognitive Impairments, Amyloid Load, Astrogliosis, and Neuroinflammation in APPSwe/PSEN1ΔE9 Mice Model of Amyloid Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065285. [PMID: 36982363 PMCID: PMC10048993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The progress in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment suggests a combined therapeutic approach targeting the two lesional processes of AD, which include amyloid plaques made of toxic Aβ species and neurofibrillary tangles formed of aggregates of abnormally modified Tau proteins. A pharmacophoric design, novel drug synthesis, and structure-activity relationship enabled the selection of a polyamino biaryl PEL24-199 compound. The pharmacologic activity consists of a non-competitive β-secretase (BACE1) modulatory activity in cells. Curative treatment of the Thy-Tau22 model of Tau pathology restores short-term spatial memory, decreases neurofibrillary degeneration, and alleviates astrogliosis and neuroinflammatory reactions. Modulatory effects of PEL24-199 towards APP catalytic byproducts are described in vitro, but whether PEL24-199 can alleviate the Aβ plaque load and associated inflammatory counterparts in vivo remains to be elucidated. We investigated short- and long-term spatial memory, Aβ plaque load, and inflammatory processes in APPSwe/PSEN1ΔE9 PEL24-199 treated transgenic model of amyloid pathology to achieve this objective. PEL24-199 curative treatment induced the recovery of spatial memory and decreased the amyloid plaque load in association with decreased astrogliosis and neuroinflammation. The present results underline the synthesis and selection of a promising polyaminobiaryl-based drug that modulates both Tau and, in this case, APP pathology in vivo via a neuroinflammatory-dependent process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Tautou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Florian Descamps
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Paul-Emmanuel Larchanché
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Jamal El Bakali
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (N.S.); Tel.: +33-663101728 (N.S.)
| | - Nicolas Sergeant
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, 59045 Lille, France
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (N.S.); Tel.: +33-663101728 (N.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Y, Fan X, Liu Y, Ye D, Liu C, Yang H, Su Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Function and Inhibition of DYRK1A: emerging roles of treating multiple human diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115521. [PMID: 36990324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase and the most studied member of the Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. It has been shown that it participates in the development of plenty of diseases, and both the low or high expression of DYRK1A protein could lead to disorder. Thus, DYRK1A is recognized as a key target for the therapy for these diseases, and the studies on natural or synthetic DYRK1A inhibitors have become more and more popular. Here, we provide a comprehensive review for DYRK1A from the structure and function of DYRK1A, the roles of DYRK1A in various types of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and kinds of cancers, and the studies of its natural and synthetic inhibitors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ţînţaş ML, Peauger L, Alix F, Papamicaël C, Besson T, Sopková-de Oliveira Santos J, Gembus V, Levacher V. Straightforward Access to a New Class of Dual DYRK1A/CLK1 Inhibitors Possessing a Simple Dihydroquinoline Core. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010036. [PMID: 36615235 PMCID: PMC9822041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase) family of protein kinases is involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Among them, the DYRK1A protein kinase is thought to be implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down syndrome, and as such, has emerged as an appealing therapeutic target. DYRKs are a subset of the CMGC (CDK, MAPKK, GSK3 and CLK) group of kinases. Within this group of kinases, the CDC2-like kinases (CLKs), such as CLK1, are closely related to DYRKs and have also sparked great interest as potential therapeutic targets for AD. Based on inhibitors previously described in the literature (namely TG003 and INDY), we report in this work a new class of dihydroquinolines exhibiting inhibitory activities in the nanomolar range on hDYRK1A and hCLK1. Moreover, there is overwhelming evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role in AD. Pleasingly, the most potent dual kinase inhibitor 1p exhibited antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. Finally, drug-likeness and molecular docking studies of this new class of DYRK1A/CLK1 inhibitors are also discussed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela-Liliana Ţînţaş
- INSA Rouen Normandie, Univ. Rouen Normandie, CNRS UMR 6014 COBRA, FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Peauger
- VFP Therapies, 15 rue François Couperin, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Florent Alix
- VFP Therapies, 15 rue François Couperin, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Cyril Papamicaël
- INSA Rouen Normandie, Univ. Rouen Normandie, CNRS UMR 6014 COBRA, FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (V.G.); (V.L.); Tel.: +33-023-552-2485 (V.L.)
| | - Thierry Besson
- INSA Rouen Normandie, Univ. Rouen Normandie, CNRS UMR 6014 COBRA, FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jana Sopková-de Oliveira Santos
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), Normandie Univ., Bd Becquerel, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Vincent Gembus
- VFP Therapies, 15 rue François Couperin, 76000 Rouen, France
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (V.G.); (V.L.); Tel.: +33-023-552-2485 (V.L.)
| | - Vincent Levacher
- INSA Rouen Normandie, Univ. Rouen Normandie, CNRS UMR 6014 COBRA, FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (V.G.); (V.L.); Tel.: +33-023-552-2485 (V.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamzé R, Delangre E, Tolu S, Moreau M, Janel N, Bailbé D, Movassat J. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: Shared Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Common Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315287. [PMID: 36499613 PMCID: PMC9739879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease is increasing alarmingly with the aging of the population. Numerous epidemiological data suggest that there is a strong association between type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of dementia. These diseases are both degenerative and progressive and share common risk factors. The amyloid cascade plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. The accumulation of amyloid beta peptides gradually leads to the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, which then form neurofibrillary tangles, resulting in neurodegeneration and cerebral atrophy. In Alzheimer's disease, apart from these processes, the alteration of glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in the brain seems to induce early neuronal loss and the impairment of synaptic plasticity, years before the clinical manifestation of the disease. The large amount of evidence on the existence of insulin resistance in the brain during Alzheimer's disease has led to the description of this disease as "type 3 diabetes". Available animal models have been valuable in the understanding of the relationships between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, but to date, the mechanistical links are poorly understood. In this non-exhaustive review, we describe the main molecular mechanisms that may link these two diseases, with an emphasis on impaired insulin and IGF-1 signaling. We also focus on GSK3β and DYRK1A, markers of Alzheimer's disease, which are also closely associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes, and thus may represent common therapeutic targets for both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rim Hamzé
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Delangre
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Stefania Tolu
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Manon Moreau
- Team Degenerative Process, Stress and Aging, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Team Degenerative Process, Stress and Aging, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Danielle Bailbé
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-57-27-77-82; Fax: +33-1-57-27-77-91
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Acute Neurological Insults in the Central Nervous System. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071205. [PMID: 35406769 PMCID: PMC8997510 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important function that mediates the degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) degrades selected proteins and has a crucial role in cellular proteostasis under various physiological and pathological conditions. CMA dysfunction leads to the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates in the central nervous system (CNS) and is involved in the pathogenic process of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Previous studies have suggested that the activation of CMA to degrade aberrant proteins can provide a neuroprotective effect in the CNS. Recent studies have shown that CMA activity is upregulated in damaged neural tissue following acute neurological insults, such as cerebral infarction, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. It has been also suggested that various protein degradation mechanisms are important for removing toxic aberrant proteins associated with secondary damage after acute neurological insults in the CNS. Therefore, enhancing the CMA pathway may induce neuroprotective effects not only in neurogenerative diseases but also in acute neurological insults. We herein review current knowledge concerning the biological mechanisms involved in CMA and highlight the role of CMA in neurodegenerative diseases and acute neurological insults. We also discuss the possibility of developing CMA-targeted therapeutic strategies for effective treatments.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lauer AA, Grimm HS, Apel B, Golobrodska N, Kruse L, Ratanski E, Schulten N, Schwarze L, Slawik T, Sperlich S, Vohla A, Grimm MOW. Mechanistic Link between Vitamin B12 and Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:129. [PMID: 35053277 PMCID: PMC8774227 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly population, affecting over 55 million people worldwide. Histopathological hallmarks of this multifactorial disease are an increased plaque burden and tangles in the brains of affected individuals. Several lines of evidence indicate that B12 hypovitaminosis is linked to AD. In this review, the biochemical pathways involved in AD that are affected by vitamin B12, focusing on APP processing, Aβ fibrillization, Aβ-induced oxidative damage as well as tau hyperphosphorylation and tau aggregation, are summarized. Besides the mechanistic link, an overview of clinical studies utilizing vitamin B supplementation are given, and a potential link between diseases and medication resulting in a reduced vitamin B12 level and AD are discussed. Besides the disease-mediated B12 hypovitaminosis, the reduction in vitamin B12 levels caused by an increasing change in dietary preferences has been gaining in relevance. In particular, vegetarian and vegan diets are associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, and therefore might have potential implications for AD. In conclusion, our review emphasizes the important role of vitamin B12 in AD, which is particularly important, as even in industrialized countries a large proportion of the population might not be sufficiently supplied with vitamin B12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrea Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Birgit Apel
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Nataliya Golobrodska
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Lara Kruse
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Elina Ratanski
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Noemi Schulten
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Laura Schwarze
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Thomas Slawik
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Saskia Sperlich
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Antonia Vohla
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (H.S.G.)
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Atas-Ozcan H, Brault V, Duchon A, Herault Y. Dyrk1a from Gene Function in Development and Physiology to Dosage Correction across Life Span in Down Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1833. [PMID: 34828439 PMCID: PMC8624927 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is the main cause of intellectual disabilities with a large set of comorbidities from developmental origins but also that appeared across life span. Investigation of the genetic overdosage found in Down syndrome, due to the trisomy of human chromosome 21, has pointed to one main driver gene, the Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1a). Dyrk1a is a murine homolog of the drosophila minibrain gene. It has been found to be involved in many biological processes during development and in adulthood. Further analysis showed its haploinsufficiency in mental retardation disease 7 and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease. DYRK1A plays a role in major developmental steps of brain development, controlling the proliferation of neural progenitors, the migration of neurons, their dendritogenesis and the function of the synapse. Several strategies targeting the overdosage of DYRK1A in DS with specific kinase inhibitors have showed promising evidence that DS cognitive conditions can be alleviated. Nevertheless, providing conditions for proper temporal treatment and to tackle the neurodevelopmental and the neurodegenerative aspects of DS across life span is still an open question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helin Atas-Ozcan
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Véronique Brault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Celphedia, Phenomin-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hampel H, Hardy J, Blennow K, Chen C, Perry G, Kim SH, Villemagne VL, Aisen P, Vendruscolo M, Iwatsubo T, Masters CL, Cho M, Lannfelt L, Cummings JL, Vergallo A. The Amyloid-β Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5481-5503. [PMID: 34456336 PMCID: PMC8758495 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 192.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in molecular medicine have positioned the amyloid-β (Aβ) pathway at the center of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. While the detailed molecular mechanisms of the pathway and the spatial-temporal dynamics leading to synaptic failure, neurodegeneration, and clinical onset are still under intense investigation, the established biochemical alterations of the Aβ cycle remain the core biological hallmark of AD and are promising targets for the development of disease-modifying therapies. Here, we systematically review and update the vast state-of-the-art literature of Aβ science with evidence from basic research studies to human genetic and multi-modal biomarker investigations, which supports a crucial role of Aβ pathway dyshomeostasis in AD pathophysiological dynamics. We discuss the evidence highlighting a differentiated interaction of distinct Aβ species with other AD-related biological mechanisms, such as tau-mediated, neuroimmune and inflammatory changes, as well as a neurochemical imbalance. Through the lens of the latest development of multimodal in vivo biomarkers of AD, this cross-disciplinary review examines the compelling hypothesis- and data-driven rationale for Aβ-targeting therapeutic strategies in development for the early treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hampel
- Eisai Inc., Neurology Business Group, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.
| | - John Hardy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christopher Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology and Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Aisen
- USC Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Colin L Masters
- Laureate Professor of Dementia Research, Florey Institute and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Min Cho
- Eisai Inc., Neurology Business Group, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Uppsala University, Department of of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioArctic AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Eisai Inc., Neurology Business Group, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ferrer I, Andrés-Benito P, Ausín K, Pamplona R, Del Rio JA, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E. Dysregulated protein phosphorylation: A determining condition in the continuum of brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12996. [PMID: 34218486 PMCID: PMC8549032 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau hyperphosphorylation is the first step of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation. In the present study, samples of the entorhinal cortex (EC) and frontal cortex area 8 (FC) of cases with NFT pathology classified as stages I-II, III-IV, and V-VI without comorbidities, and of middle-aged (MA) individuals with no NFT pathology, were analyzed by conventional label-free and SWATH-MS (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry) to assess the (phospho)proteomes. The total number of identified dysregulated phosphoproteins was 214 in the EC, 65 of which were dysregulated at the first stages (I-II) of NFT pathology; 167 phosphoproteins were dysregulated in the FC, 81 of them at stages I-II of NFT pathology. A large percentage of dysregulated phosphoproteins were identified in the two regions and at different stages of NFT progression. The main group of dysregulated phosphoproteins was made up of components of the membranes, cytoskeleton, synapses, proteins linked to membrane transport and ion channels, and kinases. The present results show abnormal phosphorylation of proteins at the first stages of NFT pathology in the elderly (in individuals clinically considered representative of normal aging) and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Dysregulated protein phosphorylation in the FC precedes the formation of NFTs and SPs. The most active period of dysregulated phosphorylation is at stages III-IV when a subpopulation of individuals might be clinically categorized as suffering from mild cognitive impairment which is a preceding determinant stage in the progression to dementia. Altered phosphorylation of selected proteins, carried out by activation of several kinases, may alter membrane and cytoskeletal functions, among them synaptic transmission and membrane/cytoskeleton signaling. Besides their implications in sAD, the present observations suggest a molecular substrate for "benign" cognitive deterioration in "normal" brain aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pol Andrés-Benito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Karina Ausín
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - José Antonio Del Rio
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Science Park Barcelona (PCB, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Antonarakis SE, Skotko BG, Rafii MS, Strydom A, Pape SE, Bianchi DW, Sherman SL, Reeves RH. Down syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020; 6:9. [PMID: 32029743 PMCID: PMC8428796 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 21, the presence of a supernumerary chromosome 21, results in a collection of clinical features commonly known as Down syndrome (DS). DS is among the most genetically complex of the conditions that are compatible with human survival post-term, and the most frequent survivable autosomal aneuploidy. Mouse models of DS, involving trisomy of all or part of human chromosome 21 or orthologous mouse genomic regions, are providing valuable insights into the contribution of triplicated genes or groups of genes to the many clinical manifestations in DS. This endeavour is challenging, as there are >200 protein-coding genes on chromosome 21 and they can have direct and indirect effects on homeostasis in cells, tissues, organs and systems. Although this complexity poses formidable challenges to understanding the underlying molecular basis for each of the many clinical features of DS, it also provides opportunities for improving understanding of genetic mechanisms underlying the development and function of many cell types, tissues, organs and systems. Since the first description of trisomy 21, we have learned much about intellectual disability and genetic risk factors for congenital heart disease. The lower occurrence of solid tumours in individuals with DS supports the identification of chromosome 21 genes that protect against cancer when overexpressed. The universal occurrence of the histopathology of Alzheimer disease and the high prevalence of dementia in DS are providing insights into the pathology and treatment of Alzheimer disease. Clinical trials to ameliorate intellectual disability in DS signal a new era in which therapeutic interventions based on knowledge of the molecular pathophysiology of DS can now be explored; these efforts provide reasonable hope for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos E Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Brian G Skotko
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Rafii
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, California, CA, USA
| | - Andre Strydom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Pape
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie L Sherman
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roger H Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Muñiz Moreno MDM, Brault V, Birling MC, Pavlovic G, Herault Y. Modeling Down syndrome in animals from the early stage to the 4.0 models and next. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 251:91-143. [PMID: 32057313 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The genotype-phenotype relationship and the physiopathology of Down Syndrome (DS) have been explored in the last 20 years with more and more relevant mouse models. From the early age of transgenesis to the new CRISPR/CAS9-derived chromosomal engineering and the transchromosomic technologies, mouse models have been key to identify homologous genes or entire regions homologous to the human chromosome 21 that are necessary or sufficient to induce DS features, to investigate the complexity of the genetic interactions that are involved in DS and to explore therapeutic strategies. In this review we report the new developments made, how genomic data and new genetic tools have deeply changed our way of making models, extended our panel of animal models, and increased our understanding of the neurobiology of the disease. But even if we have made an incredible progress which promises to make DS a curable condition, we are facing new research challenges to nurture our knowledge of DS pathophysiology as a neurodevelopmental disorder with many comorbidities during ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Muñiz Moreno
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Véronique Brault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, PHENOMIN Institut Clinique de la Souris, Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, PHENOMIN Institut Clinique de la Souris, Illkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, PHENOMIN Institut Clinique de la Souris, Illkirch, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu Y, Ren R, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Cui H, Ma C, Qiu W, Wang H, Cui P, Chen H, Wang G. Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 1 activation mediates amyloid precursor protein site-specific Ser655 phosphorylation and triggers amyloid pathology. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13001. [PMID: 31287605 PMCID: PMC6718535 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho‐associated coiled‐coil kinase 1 (ROCK1) is proposed to be implicated in Aβ suppression; however, the role for ROCK1 in amyloidogenic metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to produce Aβ was unknown. In the present study, we showed that ROCK1 kinase activity and its APP binding were enhanced in AD brain, resulting in increased β‐secretase cleavage of APP. Furthermore, we firstly confirmed that APP served as a substrate for ROCK1 and its major phosphorylation site was located at Ser655. The increased level of APP Ser655 phosphorylation was observed in the brain of APP/PS1 mice and AD patients compared to controls. Moreover, blockade of APP Ser655 phosphorylation, or inhibition of ROCK1 activity with either shRNA knockdown or Y‐27632, ameliorated amyloid pathology and improved learning and memory in APP/PS1 mice. These findings suggest that activated ROCK1 targets APP Ser655 phosphorylation, which promotes amyloid processing and pathology. Inhibition of ROCK1 could be a potential therapeutic approach for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ru‐Jing Ren
- Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yong‐Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yue Huang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Australia UNSW Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Hai‐Lun Cui
- Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Wen‐Ying Qiu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Pei‐Jing Cui
- Department of Geriatrics Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hong‐Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Shuguang Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Evrard C, Kienlen-Campard P, Coevoet M, Opsomer R, Tasiaux B, Melnyk P, Octave JN, Buée L, Sergeant N, Vingtdeux V. Contribution of the Endosomal-Lysosomal and Proteasomal Systems in Amyloid-β Precursor Protein Derived Fragments Processing. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:435. [PMID: 30524243 PMCID: PMC6263093 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ peptides, the major components of Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid deposits, are released following sequential cleavages by secretases of its precursor named the amyloid precursor protein (APP). In addition to secretases, degradation pathways, in particular the endosomal/lysosomal and proteasomal systems have been reported to contribute to APP processing. However, the respective role of each of these pathways toward APP metabolism remains to be established. To address this, we used HEK 293 cells and primary neurons expressing full-length wild type APP or the β-secretase-derived C99 fragment (β-CTF) in which degradation pathways were selectively blocked using pharmacological drugs. APP metabolites, including carboxy-terminal fragments (CTFs), soluble APP (sAPP) and Aβ peptides were studied. In this report, we show that APP-CTFs produced from endogenous or overexpressed full-length APP are mainly processed by γ-secretase and the endosomal/lysosomal pathway, while in sharp contrast, overexpressed C99 is mainly degraded by the proteasome and to a lesser extent by γ-secretase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Evrard
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Lille, UMR-S 1172 – Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Coevoet
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Lille, UMR-S 1172 – Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Lille, France
| | - Rémi Opsomer
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernadette Tasiaux
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Lille, UMR-S 1172 – Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Buée
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Lille, UMR-S 1172 – Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Sergeant
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Lille, UMR-S 1172 – Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Vingtdeux
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Lille, UMR-S 1172 – Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hoffman A, Taleski G, Qian H, Wasek B, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Sontag JM, Sontag E. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency Deregulates Regional Brain Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Expression and Phosphorylation Levels. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:223-237. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hoffman
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Goce Taleski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Helena Qian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brandi Wasek
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Erland Arning
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Marie Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Estelle Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li X, Song Y, Sanders CR, Buxbaum JN. Transthyretin Suppresses Amyloid-β Secretion by Interfering with Processing of the Amyloid-β Protein Precursor. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:1263-75. [PMID: 27079720 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), most hippocampal and cortical neurons show increased staining with anti-transthyretin (TTR) antibodies. Genetically programmed overexpression of wild type human TTR suppressed the neuropathologic and behavioral abnormalities in APP23 AD model mice and TTR-Aβ complexes have been isolated from some human AD brains and those of APP23 transgenic mice. In the present study, in vitro NMR analysis showed interaction between the hydrophobic thyroxine binding pocket of TTR and the cytoplasmic loop of the C99 fragment released by β-secretase cleavage of AβPP, with Kd = 86±9 μM. In cultured cells expressing both proteins, the interaction reduced phosphorylation of C99 (at T668) and suppressed its cleavage by γ-secretase, significantly decreasing Aβ secretion. Coupled with its previously demonstrated capacity to inhibit Aβ aggregation (with the resultant cytotoxicity in tissue culture) and its regulation by HSF1, these findings indicate that TTR can behave as a stress responsive multimodal suppressor of AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Johnson & Johnson, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuanli Song
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Biologics Process Development, Devens, MA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joel N Buxbaum
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Branca C, Shaw DM, Belfiore R, Gokhale V, Shaw AY, Foley C, Smith B, Hulme C, Dunckley T, Meechoovet B, Caccamo A, Oddo S. Dyrk1 inhibition improves Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1146-1154. [PMID: 28779511 PMCID: PMC5595697 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for the development of new therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase-1A (Dyrk1a) is a protein kinase that phosphorylates the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau and thus represents a link between two key proteins involved in AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, Dyrk1a is upregulated in postmortem human brains, and high levels of Dyrk1a are associated with mental retardation. Here, we sought to determine the effects of Dyrk1 inhibition on AD-like pathology developed by 3xTg-AD mice, a widely used animal model of AD. We dosed 10-month-old 3xTg-AD and nontransgenic (NonTg) mice with a Dyrk1 inhibitor (Dyrk1-inh) or vehicle for eight weeks. During the last three weeks of treatment, we tested the mice in a battery of behavioral tests. The brains were then analyzed for the pathological markers of AD. We found that chronic Dyrk1 inhibition reversed cognitive deficits in 3xTg-AD mice. These effects were associated with a reduction in amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology. Mechanistically, Dyrk1 inhibition reduced APP and insoluble tau phosphorylation. The reduction in APP phosphorylation increased its turnover and decreased Aβ levels. These results suggest that targeting Dyrk1 could represent a new viable therapeutic approach for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Branca
- The Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
| | - Darren M. Shaw
- The Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
| | - Ramona Belfiore
- The Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesUniversity of CataniaCatania95125Italy
| | - Vijay Gokhale
- Division of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA
| | - Arthur Y. Shaw
- Division of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA
| | - Christopher Foley
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA
| | - Breland Smith
- Division of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA
| | - Christopher Hulme
- Division of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA
| | - Travis Dunckley
- The Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
| | - Bessie Meechoovet
- Neurogenomics DivisionTranslational Genomics Research InstitutePhoenixAZ85004USA
| | - Antonella Caccamo
- The Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
| | - Salvatore Oddo
- The Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
García-Cerro S, Rueda N, Vidal V, Lantigua S, Martínez-Cué C. Normalizing the gene dosage of Dyrk1A in a mouse model of Down syndrome rescues several Alzheimer's disease phenotypes. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 106:76-88. [PMID: 28647555 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intellectual disability that characterizes Down syndrome (DS) is primarily caused by prenatal changes in central nervous system growth and differentiation. However, in later life stages, the cognitive abilities of DS individuals progressively decline due to accelerated aging and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. The AD neuropathology in DS has been related to the overexpression of several genes encoded by Hsa21 including DYRK1A (dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A), which encodes a protein kinase that performs crucial functions in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways that contribute to normal brain development and adult brain physiology. Studies performed in vitro and in vivo in animal models overexpressing this gene have demonstrated that the DYRK1A gene also plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative processes found in DS. The Ts65Dn (TS) mouse bears a partial triplication of several Hsa21 orthologous genes, including Dyrk1A, and replicates many DS-like abnormalities, including age-dependent cognitive decline, cholinergic neuron degeneration, increased levels of APP and Aβ, and tau hyperphosphorylation. To use a more direct approach to evaluate the role of the gene dosage of Dyrk1A on the neurodegenerative profile of this model, TS mice were crossed with Dyrk1A KO mice to obtain mice with a triplication of a segment of Mmu16 that includes this gene, mice that are trisomic for the same genes but only carry two copies of Dyrk1A, euploid mice with a normal Dyrk1A dosage, and CO animals with a single copy of Dyrk1A. Normalizing the gene dosage of Dyrk1A in the TS mouse rescued the density of senescent cells in the cingulate cortex, hippocampus and septum, prevented cholinergic neuron degeneration, and reduced App expression in the hippocampus, Aβ load in the cortex and hippocampus, the expression of phosphorylated tau at the Ser202 residue in the hippocampus and cerebellum and the levels of total tau in the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Thus, the present study provides further support for the role of the Dyrk1A gene in several AD-like phenotypes found in TS mice and indicates that this gene could be a therapeutic target to treat AD in DS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Cerro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Verónica Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sara Lantigua
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang X, Zhou X, Li G, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Song W. Modifications and Trafficking of APP in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:294. [PMID: 28966576 PMCID: PMC5605621 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is the leading cause of dementia. Neuritic plaque, one of the major characteristics of AD neuropathology, mainly consists of amyloid β (Aβ) protein. Aβ is derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by sequential cleavages of β- and γ-secretase. Although APP upregulation can promote AD pathogenesis by facilitating Aβ production, growing evidence indicates that aberrant post-translational modifications and trafficking of APP play a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis by dysregulating APP processing and Aβ generation. In this report, we reviewed the current knowledge of APP modifications and trafficking as well as their role in APP processing. More importantly, we discussed the effect of aberrant APP modifications and trafficking on Aβ generation and the underlying mechanisms, which may provide novel strategies for drug development in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Gongying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Q, Tang Y, Chen L, Liu N, Lang F, Liu H, Wang P, Sun X. E3 Ligase SCFβTrCP-induced DYRK1A Protein Degradation Is Essential for Cell Cycle Progression in HEK293 Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26399-26409. [PMID: 27807027 PMCID: PMC5159501 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.717553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DYRK1A, located on the Down syndrome (DS) critical region of chromosome 21, was found to be overexpressed in brains of DS and Alzheimer's disease individuals. DYRK1A was considered to play important roles in the pathogenesis of DS and Alzheimer's disease; however, the degradation mechanism of DYRK1A was still unclear. In this study, we found that DYRK1A was degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in HEK293 cells. The N terminus of DYRK1A that was highly unstable in HEK293 cells contributed to proteolysis of DYRK1A. E3 ligase SCFβTrCP mediated ubiquitination and promoted degradation of DYRK1A through an unconserved binding motif (49SDQQVSALS57) lying in the N terminus. Any Ser-Ala substitution in this motif could decrease the binding between DYRK1A and β-transducin repeat containing protein (βTrCP), resulting in stabilization of DYRK1A. We also found DYRK1A protein was elevated in the G0/G1 phase and decreased in the S and G2/M phase, which was negatively correlated to βTrCP levels in the HEK293 cell cycle. Knockdown of βTrCP caused arrest of the G0/G1 phase, which could be partly rescued by down-regulation of DYRK1A. Our study uncovered a new regulatory mechanism of DYRK1A degradation by SCFβTrCP in HEK293 cell cycle progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- From the Brain Research Institute
- the Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 10766 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, and
| | | | - Long Chen
- National Key Lab of Otolaryngology, and
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012
| | - Fangfang Lang
- the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Heng Liu
- National Key Lab of Otolaryngology, and
| | - Pin Wang
- National Key Lab of Otolaryngology, and
| | - Xiulian Sun
- From the Brain Research Institute,
- National Key Lab of Otolaryngology, and
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Membrane tethering of APP c-terminal fragments is a prerequisite for T668 phosphorylation preventing nuclear sphere generation. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1725-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
23
|
Extensive nuclear sphere generation in the human Alzheimer's brain. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 48:103-113. [PMID: 27644079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear spheres are protein aggregates consisting of FE65, TIP60, BLM, and other yet unknown proteins. Generation of these structures in the cellular nucleus is putatively modulated by the amyloid precursor protein (APP), either by its cleavage or its phosphorylation. Nuclear spheres were preferentially studied in cell culture models and their existence in the human brain had not been known. Existence of nuclear spheres in the human brain was studied using immunohistochemistry. Cell culture experiments were used to study regulative mechanisms of nuclear sphere generation. The comparison of human frontal cortex brain samples from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients to age-matched controls revealed a dramatically and highly significant enrichment of nuclear spheres in the AD brain. Costaining demonstrated that neurons are distinctly affected by nuclear spheres, but astrocytes never are. Nuclear spheres were predominantly found in neurons that were negative for threonine 668 residue in APP phosphorylation. Cell culture experiments revealed that JNK3-mediated APP phosphorylation reduces the amount of sphere-positive cells. The study suggests that nuclear spheres are a new APP-derived central hallmark of AD, which might be of crucial relevance for the molecular mechanisms in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
24
|
Jung S, Nah J, Han J, Choi SG, Kim H, Park J, Pyo HK, Jung YK. Dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) stimulates Aβ42 generation by promoting amyloid precursor protein axonal transport during hypoxia. J Neurochem 2016; 137:770-81. [PMID: 26924229 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is generated through the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. Hypoxia is a known risk factor for AD and stimulates Aβ generation by γ-secretase; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we showed that dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) regulates Aβ generation through changes in subcellular localization of the γ-secretase complex and its substrate C99 under hypoxic conditions. DUSP26 was identified as a novel γ-secretase regulator from a genome-wide functional screen using a cDNA expression library. The phosphatase activity of DUSP26 was required for the increase in Aβ42 generation through γ-secretase, but this regulation did not affect the amount of the γ-secretase complex. Interestingly, DUSP26 induced the accumulation of C99 in the axons by stimulating anterograde transport of C99-positive vesicles. Additionally, DUSP26 induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation for APP processing and axonal transport of C99. Under hypoxic conditions, DUSP26 expression levels were elevated together with JNK activation, and treatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125, or the DUSP26 inhibitor NSC-87877, reduced hypoxia-induced Aβ generation by diminishing vesicle trafficking of C99 to the axons. Finally, we observed enhanced DUSP26 expression and JNK activation in the hippocampus of AD patients. Our results suggest that DUSP26 mediates hypoxia-induced Aβ generation through JNK activation, revealing a new regulator of γ-secretase-mediated APP processing under hypoxic conditions. We propose the role of phosphatase dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) in the selective regulation of Aβ42 production in neuronal cells under hypoxic stress. Induction of DUSP26 causes JNK-dependent shift in the subcellular localization of γ-secretase and C99 from the cell body to axons for Aβ42 generation. These findings provide a new strategy for developing new therapeutic targets to arrest AD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Jung
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihoon Nah
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonghee Han
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Guk Choi
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Kim
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaesang Park
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Kyung Pyo
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Forestier A, Douki T, De Rosa V, Béal D, Rachidi W. Combination of Aβ Secretion and Oxidative Stress in an Alzheimer-Like Cell Line Leads to the Over-Expression of the Nucleotide Excision Repair Proteins DDB2 and XPC. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17422-44. [PMID: 26263968 PMCID: PMC4581200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of oxidative DNA damage, particularly Base Excision Repair (BER), impairment is often associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Here, we aimed at investigating the complete Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), a DNA repair pathway involved in the removal of bulky DNA adducts, status in an Alzheimer-like cell line. The level of DNA damage was quantified using mass spectrometry, NER gene expression was assessed by qPCR, and the NER protein activity was analysed through a modified version of the COMET assay. Interestingly, we found that in the presence of the Amyloid β peptide (Aβ), NER factors were upregulated at the mRNA level and that NER capacities were also specifically increased following oxidative stress. Surprisingly, NER capacities were not differentially improved following a typical NER-triggering of ultraviolet C (UVC) stress. Oxidative stress generates a differential and specific DNA damage response in the presence of Aβ. We hypothesized that the release of NER components such as DNA damage binding protein 2 (DDB2) and Xeroderma Pigmentosum complementation group C protein (XPC) following oxidative stress might putatively involve their apoptotic role rather than DNA repair function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Forestier
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1/CEA/Institut Nanoscience et Cryogénie/SCIB, UMR-E3, Grenoble, France.
| | - Thierry Douki
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1/CEA/Institut Nanoscience et Cryogénie/SCIB, UMR-E3, Grenoble, France.
| | - Viviana De Rosa
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1/CEA/Institut Nanoscience et Cryogénie/SCIB, UMR-E3, Grenoble, France.
| | - David Béal
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1/CEA/Institut Nanoscience et Cryogénie/SCIB, UMR-E3, Grenoble, France.
| | - Walid Rachidi
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1/CEA/Institut Nanoscience et Cryogénie/SCIB, UMR-E3, Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Coutadeur S, Benyamine H, Delalonde L, de Oliveira C, Leblond B, Foucourt A, Besson T, Casagrande AS, Taverne T, Girard A, Pando MP, Désiré L. A novel DYRK1A (dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A) inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: effect on Tau and amyloid pathologies in vitro. J Neurochem 2015; 133:440-51. [PMID: 25556849 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene is located within the Down Syndrome (DS) critical region on chromosome 21 and is implicated in the generation of Tau and amyloid pathologies that are associated with the early onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD) observed in DS. DYRK1A is also found associated with neurofibrillary tangles in sporadic AD and phosphorylates key AD players (Tau, amyloid precursor, protein, etc). Thus, DYRK1A may be an important therapeutic target to modify the course of Tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) pathologies. Here, we describe EHT 5372 (methyl 9-(2,4-dichlorophenylamino) thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazoline-2-carbimidate), a novel, highly potent (IC50 = 0.22 nM) DYRK1A inhibitor with a high degree of selectivity over 339 kinases. Models in which inhibition of DYRK1A by siRNA reduced and DYRK1A over-expression induced Tau phosphorylation or Aβ production were used. EHT 5372 inhibits DYRK1A-induced Tau phosphorylation at multiple AD-relevant sites in biochemical and cellular assays. EHT 5372 also normalizes both Aβ-induced Tau phosphorylation and DYRK1A-stimulated Aβ production. DYRK1A is thus as a key element of Aβ-mediated Tau hyperphosphorylation, which links Tau and amyloid pathologies. EHT 5372 and other compounds in its class warrant in vivo investigation as a novel, high-potential therapy for AD and other Tau opathies. Inhibition of the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a new high-potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer disease. Here we describe EHT 5372, a novel potent and selective DYRK1A inhibitor. EHT 5372 inhibits DYRK1A-induced Tau phosphorylation, Aβ production and Aβ effects on phospho-Tau, including Tau aggregation.
Collapse
|
27
|
Melnyk P, Vingtdeux V, Burlet S, Eddarkaoui S, Grosjean ME, Larchanché PE, Hochart G, Sergheraert C, Estrella C, Barrier M, Poix V, Plancq P, Lannoo C, Hamdane M, Delacourte A, Verwaerde P, Buée L, Sergeant N. Chloroquine and chloroquinoline derivatives as models for the design of modulators of amyloid Peptide precursor metabolism. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:559-69. [PMID: 25611616 DOI: 10.1021/cn5003013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preventing deregulated APP processing by inhibiting amyloidogenic processing of carboxy-terminal fragments (APP-CTFs), and reducing the toxic effect of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides remain an effective therapeutic strategy. We report the design of piperazine-containing compounds derived from chloroquine structure and evaluation of their effects on APP metabolism and ability to modulate the processing of APP-CTF and the production of Aβ peptide. Compounds which retained alkaline properties and high affinity for acidic cell compartments were the most effective. The present study demonstrates that (1) the amino side chain of chloroquine can be efficiently substituted by a bis(alkylamino)piperazine chain, (2) the quinoline nucleus can be replaced by a benzyl or a benzimidazole moiety, and (3) pharmacomodulation of the chemical structure allows the redirection of APP metabolism toward a decrease of Aβ peptide release, and increased stability of APP-CTFs and amyloid intracellular fragment. Moreover, the benzimidazole compound 29 increases APP-CTFs in vivo and shows promising activity by the oral route. Together, this family of compounds retains a lysosomotropic activity which inhibits lysosome-related Aβ production, and is likely to be beneficial for therapeutic applications in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Melnyk
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- UDSL, EA 4481,
UFR Pharmacie, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8161, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Vingtdeux
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR-S1172, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Sabiha Eddarkaoui
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR-S1172, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie-Eve Grosjean
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR-S1172, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Guillaume Hochart
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- UDSL, EA 4481,
UFR Pharmacie, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8161, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Malika Hamdane
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR-S1172, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - André Delacourte
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR-S1172, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Luc Buée
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR-S1172, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Sergeant
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR-S1172, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Specific antibody binding to the APP672-699 region shifts APP processing from α- to β-cleavage. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1374. [PMID: 25118934 PMCID: PMC4454311 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, as well as a progressive loss of synapses and neurons in the brain. The major pertinacious component of amyloid plaques is Aβ, a variably sized peptide derived from the integral membrane protein amyloid precursor protein (APP). The Aβ region of APP locates partly within its ecto- and trans-membrane domains. APP is cleaved by three proteases, designated as α-, β-, and γ-secretases. Processing by β- and γ-secretase cleaves the N- and C-terminal ends of the Aβ region, respectively, releasing Aβ, whereas α-secretase cleaves within the Aβ sequence, releasing soluble APPα (sAPPα). The γ-secretase cleaves at several adjacent sites to yield Aβ species containing 39-43 amino acid residues. Both α- and β-cleavage sites of human wild-type APP are located in APP672-699 region (ectodomain of β-C-terminal fragment, ED-β-CTF or ED-C99). Therefore, the amino acid residues within or near this region are definitely pivotal for human wild-type APP function and processing. Here, we report that one ED-C99-specific monoclonal antibody (mAbED-C99) blocks human wild-type APP endocytosis and shifts its processing from α- to β-cleavage, as evidenced by elevated accumulation of cell surface full-length APP and β-CTF together with reduced sAPPα and α-CTF levels. Moreover, mAbED-C99 enhances the interactions of APP with cholesterol. Consistently, intracerebroventricular injection of mAbED-C99 to human wild-type APP transgenic mice markedly increases membrane-associated β-CTF. All these findings suggest that APP672-699 region is critical for human wild-type APP processing and may provide new clues for the pathogenesis of sporadic AD.
Collapse
|
29
|
Héraud C, Goufak D, Ando K, Leroy K, Suain V, Yilmaz Z, De Decker R, Authelet M, Laporte V, Octave JN, Brion JP. Increased misfolding and truncation of tau in APP/PS1/tau transgenic mice compared to mutant tau mice. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 62:100-12. [PMID: 24076100 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary degeneration in transgenic models of tauopathies has been observed to be enhanced when these models are crossed with transgenic models developing an Aβ pathology. The mechanisms leading to this enhanced tau pathology are not well understood. We have performed a detailed analysis of tau misprocessing in a new transgenic mouse model combining APP, PS1 and tau mutations (5xFAD×Tg30 mice) by comparison with littermates expressing only a FTD mutant tau (Tg30 mice). These 5xFAD×Tg30 mice showed a more severe deficient motor phenotype than Tg30 mice and developed with age a dramatically accelerated NFT load in the brain compared to Tg30 mice. Insoluble tau in 5xFAD×Tg30 mice compared to insoluble tau in Tg30 mice showed increased phosphorylation, enhanced misfolding and truncation changes mimicking more closely the post-translational changes characteristic of PHF-tau in Alzheimer's disease. Endogenous wild-type mouse tau was recruited at much higher levels in insoluble tau in 5xFAD×Tg30 than in Tg30 mice. Extracellular amyloid load, Aβ40 and Aβ42, β-CTFs and β-CTF phosphorylation levels were lower in 5xFAD×Tg30 mice than in 5xFAD mice. Despite this reduction of Aβ, a significant hippocampal neuronal loss was observed in 5xFAD×Tg30 but not in 5xFAD mice indicating its closer association with increased tau pathology. This 5xFAD×Tg30 model thus mimics more faithfully tau pathology and neuronal loss observed in AD and suggests that additional post-translational changes in tau and self-recruitment of endogenous tau drive the enhanced tau pathology developing in the presence of Aβ pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Héraud
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Doris Goufak
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kunie Ando
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karelle Leroy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Suain
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zehra Yilmaz
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert De Decker
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michèle Authelet
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Laporte
- Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Neuroscience, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Neuroscience, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tau pathology modulates Pin1 post-translational modifications and may be relevant as biomarker. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:757-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
31
|
Forestier A, Douki T, Sauvaigo S, De Rosa V, Demeilliers C, Rachidi W. Alzheimer's disease-associated neurotoxic peptide amyloid-β impairs base excision repair in human neuroblastoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203093 PMCID: PMC3509609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in developed countries. It is characterized by two major pathological hallmarks, one of which is the extracellular aggregation of the neurotoxic peptide amyloid-β (Aβ), which is known to generate oxidative stress. In this study, we showed that the presence of Aβ in a neuroblastoma cell line led to an increase in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage. Unexpectedly, a concomitant decrease in basal level of base excision repair, a major route for repairing oxidative DNA damage, was observed at the levels of both gene expression and protein activity. Moreover, the addition of copper sulfate or hydrogen peroxide, used to mimic the oxidative stress observed in AD-affected brains, potentiates Aβ-mediated perturbation of DNA damage/repair systems in the "Aβ cell line". Taken together, these findings indicate that Aβ could act as double-edged sword by both increasing oxidative nuclear/mitochondrial damage and preventing its repair. The synergistic effects of increased ROS production, accumulated DNA damage and impaired DNA repair could participate in, and partly explain, the massive loss of neurons observed in Alzheimer's disease since both oxidative stress and DNA damage can trigger apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Forestier
- Nucleic Acids Lesions Laboratory, SCIB/INAC, CEA, Joseph Fourier University-Grenoble 1, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; E-Mails: (A.F.); (T.D.); (S.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Thierry Douki
- Nucleic Acids Lesions Laboratory, SCIB/INAC, CEA, Joseph Fourier University-Grenoble 1, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; E-Mails: (A.F.); (T.D.); (S.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Sylvie Sauvaigo
- Nucleic Acids Lesions Laboratory, SCIB/INAC, CEA, Joseph Fourier University-Grenoble 1, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; E-Mails: (A.F.); (T.D.); (S.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Viviana De Rosa
- Nucleic Acids Lesions Laboratory, SCIB/INAC, CEA, Joseph Fourier University-Grenoble 1, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; E-Mails: (A.F.); (T.D.); (S.S.); (V.R.)
| | | | - Walid Rachidi
- Nucleic Acids Lesions Laboratory, SCIB/INAC, CEA, Joseph Fourier University-Grenoble 1, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; E-Mails: (A.F.); (T.D.); (S.S.); (V.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-438-785-011; Fax: +33-438-785-090
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Leroy K, Ando K, Laporte V, Dedecker R, Suain V, Authelet M, Héraud C, Pierrot N, Yilmaz Z, Octave JN, Brion JP. Lack of tau proteins rescues neuronal cell death and decreases amyloidogenic processing of APP in APP/PS1 mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:1928-40. [PMID: 23026200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lack of tau expression has been reported to protect against excitotoxicity and to prevent memory deficits in mice expressing mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) identified in familial Alzheimer disease. In APP mice, mutant presenilin 1 (PS1) enhances generation of Aβ42 and inhibits cell survival pathways. It is unknown whether the deficient phenotype induced by concomitant expression of mutant PS1 is rescued by absence of tau. In this study, we have analyzed the effect of tau deletion in mice expressing mutant APP and PS1. Although APP/PS1/tau(+/+) mice had a reduced survival, developed spatial memory deficits at 6 months and motor impairments at 12 months, these deficits were rescued in APP/PS1/tau(-/-) mice. Neuronal loss and synaptic loss in APP/PS1/tau(+/+) mice were rescued in the APP/PS1/tau(-/-) mice. The amyloid plaque burden was decreased by roughly 50% in the cortex and the spinal cord of the APP/PS1/tau(-/-) mice. The levels of soluble and insoluble Aβ40 and Aβ42, and the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio were reduced in APP/PS1/tau(-/-) mice. Levels of phosphorylated APP, of β-C-terminal fragments (CTFs), and of β-secretase 1 (BACE1) were also reduced, suggesting that β-secretase cleavage of APP was reduced in APP/PS1/tau(-/-) mice. Our results indicate that tau deletion had a protective effect against amyloid induced toxicity even in the presence of mutant PS1 and reduced the production of Aβ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy, and Neuropathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nogalska A, D'Agostino C, Engel WK, Askanas V. Activation of the γ-secretase complex and presence of γ-secretase-activating protein may contribute to Aβ42 production in sporadic inclusion-body myositis muscle fibers. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 48:141-9. [PMID: 22750528 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscle-fiber phenotype of sporadic inclusion-body myositis (s-IBM), the most common muscle disease associated with aging, shares several pathological abnormalities with Alzheimer disease (AD) brain, including accumulation of amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) and its cytotoxic oligomers. The exact mechanisms leading to Aβ42 production within s-IBM muscle fibers are not known. Aβ42 and Aβ40 are generated after the amyloid-precursor protein (AβPP) is cleaved by β-secretase and the γ-secretase complex. Aβ42 is considered more cytotoxic than Aβ40, and it has a higher propensity to oligomerize, form amyloid fibrils, and aggregate. Recently, we have demonstrated in cultured human muscle fibers that experimental inhibition of lysosomal enzyme activities leads to Aβ42 oligomerization. In s-IBM muscle, we here demonstrate prominent abnormalities of the γ-secretase complex, as evidenced by: a) increase of γ-secretase components, namely active presenilin 1, presenilin enhancer 2, nicastrin, and presence of its mature, glycosylated form; b) increase of mRNAs of these γ-secretase components; c) increase of γ-secretase activity; d) presence of an active form of a newly-discovered γ-secretase activating protein (GSAP); and e) increase of GSAP mRNA. Furthermore, we demonstrate that experimental inhibition of lysosomal autophagic enzymes in cultured human muscle fibers a) activates γ-secretase, and b) leads to posttranslational modifications of AβPP and increase of Aβ42. Since autophagy is impaired in biopsied s-IBM muscle, the same mechanism might be responsible for its having increased γ-secretase activity and Aβ42 production. Accordingly, improving lysosomal function might be a therapeutic strategy for s-IBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nogalska
- USC Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90017‐1912, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
The loss of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase activity prevents the amyloidogenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and the formation of amyloid plaques in vivo. J Neurosci 2012; 31:16969-76. [PMID: 22114267 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4491-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation plays a central role in the dynamic regulation of the processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the production of amyloid-β (Aβ), one of the clinically most important factors that determine the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This has led to the hypothesis that aberrant Aβ production associated with AD results from regulatory defects in signal transduction. However, conflicting findings have raised a debate over the identity of the signaling pathway that controls APP metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that activation of the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) is essential for mediating the apoptotic response of neurons to Aβ. Furthermore, we discovered that the functional loss of JNK signaling in neurons significantly decreased the number of amyloid plaques present in the brain of mice carrying familial AD-linked mutant genes. This correlated with a reduction in Aβ production. Biochemical analyses indicate that the phosphorylation of APP at threonine 668 by JNK is required for γ-mediated cleavage of the C-terminal fragment of APP produced by β-secretase. Overall, this study provides genetic evidence that JNK signaling is required for the formation of amyloid plaques in vivo. Therefore, inhibition of increased JNK activity associated with aging or with a pathological condition constitutes a potential strategy for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Neuronal regeneration and axonal re-growth in the injured mammalian central nervous system remains an unsolved field. To date, three myelin-associated proteins [Nogo or reticulon 4 (RTN4), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMG)] are known to inhibit axonal regeneration via activation of the neuronal glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Nogo receptor [NgR, together with p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and Lingo-1]. In the present study we describe the novel protein MANI (myelin-associated neurite-outgrowth inhibitor) that localizes to neural membranes. Functional characterization of MANI overexpressing neural stem cells (NSCs) revealed that the protein promotes differentiation into catecholaminergic neurons. Yeast two-hybrid screening and co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the cell division cycle protein 27 (Cdc27) as an interacting partner of Mani. The analyses of Mani-overexpressing PC12 cells demonstrated that Mani retards neuronal axonal growth as a positive effector of Cdc27 expression and activity. We show that knockdown of Cdc27, a component of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), leads to enhanced neurite outgrowth. Our finding describes the novel MANI-Cdc27-APC pathway as an important cascade that prevents neurons from extending axons, thus providing implications for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Mishra
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Asai M, Yagishita S, Iwata N, Saido TC, Ishiura S, Maruyama K. An alternative metabolic pathway of amyloid precursor protein C‐terminal fragments
via
cathepsin B in a human neuroglioma model. FASEB J 2011; 25:3720-30. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-182154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Asai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineSaitama Medical University Saitama Japan
- Laboratory for Proteolytic NeuroscienceRIKEN Brain Science Institute Saitama Japan
| | - Sosuke Yagishita
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Iwata
- Laboratory for Proteolytic NeuroscienceRIKEN Brain Science Institute Saitama Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki University Nagasaki Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic NeuroscienceRIKEN Brain Science Institute Saitama Japan
| | - Shoichi Ishiura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kei Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineSaitama Medical University Saitama Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ni Choileain S, Astier AL. CD46 plasticity and its inflammatory bias in multiple sclerosis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:49-59. [PMID: 21267793 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-010-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Known as a link to the adaptive immune system, a complement regulator, a "pathogen magnet" and more recently as an inducer of autophagy, CD46 is the human receptor that refuses to be put in a box. This review summarizes the current roles of CD46 during immune responses and highlights the role of CD46 as both a promoter and attenuator of the immune response. In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), CD46 responses are overwhelmingly pro-inflammatory with notable defects in cytokine and chemokine production. Understanding the role of CD46 as an inflammatory regulator is a distant goal considering the darkness in which its regulatory mechanisms reside. Further research into the regulation of CD46 expression through its internalization and processing will undoubtedly extend our knowledge of how the balance is tipped in favor of inflammation in MS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Ni Choileain
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene, which is located on chromosome 21q22.2 and is overexpressed in Down syndrome (DS), may play a significant role in developmental brain defects and in early onset neurodegeneration, neuronal loss and dementia in DS. The identification of hundreds of genes deregulated by DYRK1A overexpression and numerous cytosolic, cytoskeletal and nuclear proteins, including transcription factors, phosphorylated by DYRK1A, indicates that DYRK1A overexpression is central for the deregulation of multiple pathways in the developing and aging DS brain, with structural and functional alterations including mental retardation and dementia. DYRK1A overexpression in DS brains may contribute to early onset neurofibrillary degeneration directly through hyperphosphorylation of tau and indirectly through phosphorylation of alternative splicing factor, leading to an imbalance between 3R-tau and 4R-tau. The several-fold increases in the number of DYRK1A-positive and 3R-tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles in DS support this hypothesis. Moreover, the enhanced phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein by overexpressed DYRK1A facilitates amyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein cleavage elevating Aβ40 and 42 levels, and leading to brain β-amyloidosis. Therefore, inhibiting DYRK1A activity in DS may serve to counteract the phenotypic effects of its overexpression and is a potential method of treatment of developmental defects and the prevention of age-associated neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer-type pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Wegiel
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Araki W, Kametani F, Oda A, Tamaoka A. MEK inhibitors suppress β-amyloid production by altering the level of a β-C-terminal fragment of amyloid precursor protein in neuronal cells. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:3410-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
40
|
Groth C, Alvord WG, Quiñones OA, Fortini ME. Pharmacological analysis of Drosophila melanogaster gamma-secretase with respect to differential proteolysis of Notch and APP. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:567-74. [PMID: 20064975 PMCID: PMC2845938 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.062471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gamma-secretase aspartyl protease is responsible for the cleavage of numerous type I integral membrane proteins, including amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch. APP cleavage contributes to the generation of toxic amyloid beta peptides in Alzheimer's disease, whereas cleavage of the Notch receptor is required for normal physiological signaling between differentiating cells. Mutagenesis studies as well as in vivo analyses of Notch and APP activity in the presence of pharmacological inhibitors indicate that these substrates can be differentially modulated by inhibition of mammalian gamma-secretase, although some biochemical studies instead show nearly identical dose-response inhibitor effects on Notch and APP cleavages. Here, we examine the dose-response effects of several inhibitors on Notch and APP in Drosophila melanogaster cells, which possess a homogeneous form of gamma-secretase. Four different inhibitors that target different domains of gamma-secretase exhibit similar dose-response effects for both substrates, including rank order of inhibitor potencies and effective concentration ranges. For two inhibitors, modest differences in inhibitor dose responses toward Notch and APP were detected, suggesting that inhibitors might be identified that possess some discrimination in their ability to target alternative gamma-secretase substrates. These findings also indicate that despite an overall conservation in inhibitor potencies toward different gamma-secretase substrates, quantitative differences might exist that could be relevant for the development of therapeutically valuable substrate-specific inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casper Groth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building 830A, 233 South 10 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Konietzko U, Goodger ZV, Meyer M, Kohli BM, Bosset J, Lahiri DK, Nitsch RM. Co-localization of the amyloid precursor protein and Notch intracellular domains in nuclear transcription factories. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 31:58-73. [PMID: 18403052 PMCID: PMC2868363 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays a major role in Alzheimer's disease. The APP intracellular domain (AICD), together with Fe65 and Tip60, localizes to spherical nuclear AFT complexes, which may represent sites of transcription. Despite a lack of co-localization with several described nuclear compartments, we have identified a close apposition between AFT complexes and splicing speckles, Cajal bodies and PML bodies. Live imaging revealed that AFT complexes were highly mobile within nuclei and following pharmacological inhibition of transcription fused into larger assemblies. We have previously shown that AICD regulates the expression of its own precursor APP. In support of our earlier findings, transfection of APP promoter plasmids as substrates resulted in cytosolic AFT complex formation at labeled APP promoter plasmids. In addition, identification of chromosomal APP or KAI1 gene loci by fluorescence in situ hybridization showed their close association with nuclear AFT complexes. The transcriptional activator Notch intracellular domain (NICD) localized to the same nuclear spots as occupied by AFT complexes suggesting that these nuclear compartments correspond to transcription factories. Fe65 and Tip60 also co-localized with APP in the neurites of primary neurons. Pre-assembled AFT complexes may serve to assist fast nuclear signaling upon endoproteolytic APP cleavage.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/chemistry
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism
- Animals
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/physiopathology
- Cell Line
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure
- Cells, Cultured
- Histone Acetyltransferases/genetics
- Histone Acetyltransferases/metabolism
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Lysine Acetyltransferase 5
- Macromolecular Substances/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurons/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Plasmids
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/physiology
- Receptors, Notch/chemistry
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Trans-Activators
- Transcriptional Activation/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Konietzko
- Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zürich, August Forel Street 1, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Goodger ZV, Rajendran L, Trutzel A, Kohli BM, Nitsch RM, Konietzko U. Nuclear signaling by the APP intracellular domain occurs predominantly through the amyloidogenic processing pathway. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:3703-14. [PMID: 19773363 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.048090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) occurs via two alternative pathways, localized to different subcellular compartments, which result in functionally distinct outcomes. Cleavage by a beta-gamma sequence generates the Abeta peptide that plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease. In the case of alpha-gamma cleavage, a secreted neurotrophic molecule is generated and the Abeta peptide cleaved and destroyed. In both cases, a cytosolic APP intracellular domain (AICD) is generated. We have previously shown that coexpression of APP with the APP-binding protein Fe65 and the histone acetyltransferase Tip60 results in the formation of nuclear complexes (termed AFT complexes), which localize to transcription sites. We now show that blocking endocytosis or the pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the endosomal beta-cleavage pathway reduces translocation of AICD to these nuclear AFT complexes. AICD signaling further depends on active transport along microtubules and can be modulated by interference with both anterograde and retrograde transport systems. Nuclear signaling by endogenous AICD in primary neurons could similarly be blocked by inhibiting beta-cleavage but not by alpha-cleavage inhibition. This suggests that amyloidogenic cleavage, despite representing the minor cleavage pathway of APP, is predominantly responsible for AICD-mediated nuclear signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë V Goodger
- Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, August-Forel Strasse 1, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Araki W, Kume H, Oda A, Tamaoka A, Kametani F. IGF-1 promotes beta-amyloid production by a secretase-independent mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 380:111-4. [PMID: 19167357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) is generated via the sequential proteolysis of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta- and gamma-secretases, and plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we sought to clarify the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), implicated in the AD pathomechanism, in the generation of Abeta. Treatment of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells expressing AD-associated Swedish mutant APP with IGF-1 did not alter cellular levels of APP, but significantly increased those of beta-C-terminal fragment (beta-CTF) and secreted Abeta. IGF-1 also enhanced APP phosphorylation at Thr668. Treatment of beta-CTF-expressing cells with IGF-1 increased the levels of beta-CTF and secreted Abeta. The IGF-1-induced augmentation of beta-CTF was observed in the presence of gamma-secretase inhibitors, but not in cells expressing beta-CTF with a Thr668 to alanine substitution. These results suggest that IGF-1 promotes Abeta production through a secretase-independent mechanism involving APP phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Araki
- Department of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Reduced amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid beta-protein precursor by the small-molecule Differentiation Inducing Factor-1. Cell Signal 2008; 21:567-76. [PMID: 19154786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The detection of cell cycle proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains may represent an early event leading to neurodegeneration. To identify cell cycle modifiers with anti-Abeta properties, we assessed the effect of Differentiation-Inducing Factor-1 (DIF-1), a unique, small-molecule from Dictyostelium discoideum, on the proteolysis of the amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP) in a variety of different cell types. We show that DIF-1 slows cell cycle progression through G0/G1 that correlates with a reduction in cyclin D1 protein levels. Western blot analysis of DIF-treated cells and conditioned medium revealed decreases in the levels of secreted APP, mature APP, and C-terminal fragments. Assessment of conditioned media by sandwich ELISA showed reduced levels of Abeta40 and Abeta42, also demonstrating that treatment with DIF-1 effectively decreases the ratio of Abeta42 to Abeta40. In addition, DIF-1 significantly diminished APP phosphorylation at residue T668. Interestingly, site-directed mutagenesis of APP residue Thr668 to alanine or glutamic acid abolished the effect of DIF-1 on APP proteolysis and restored secreted levels of Abeta. Finally, DIF-1 prevented the accumulation of APP C-terminal fragments induced by the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin, and calpain inhibitor N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal (ALLN). Our findings suggest that DIF-1 affects G0/G1-associated amyloidogenic processing of APP by a gamma-secretase-, proteasome- and calpain-insensitive pathway, and that this effect requires the presence of residue Thr668.
Collapse
|
45
|
da Cruz e Silva OAB, Rebelo S, Vieira SI, Gandy S, da Cruz e Silva EF, Greengard P. Enhanced generation of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta following chronic exposure to phorbol ester correlates with differential effects on alpha and epsilon isozymes of protein kinase C. J Neurochem 2008; 108:319-30. [PMID: 19012746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP) sorting and processing are modulated through signal transduction mechanisms regulated by protein phosphorylation. Notably, protein kinase C (PKC) appears to be an important component in signaling pathways that control APP metabolism. PKCs exist in at least 11 conventional and unconventional isoforms, and PKCalpha and PKCepsilon isoforms have been specifically implicated in controlling the generation of soluble APP and amyloid-beta (Abeta) fragments of APP, although identification of the PKC substrate phospho-state-sensitive effector proteins remains challenging. In the current study, we present evidence that chronic application of phorbol esters to cultured cells in serum-free medium is associated with several phenomena, namely: (i) PKCalpha down-regulation; (ii) PKCepsilon up-regulation; (iii) accumulation of APP and/or APP carboxyl-terminal fragments in the trans Golgi network; (iv) disappearance of fluorescence from cytoplasmic vesicles bearing a green fluorescent protein tagged form of APP; (v) insensitivity of soluble APP release following acute additional phorbol application; and (vi) elevated cellular APP mRNA levels and holoprotein, and secreted Abeta. These data indicate that, unlike acute phorbol ester application, which is accompanied by lowered Abeta generation, chronic phorbol ester treatment causes differential regulation of PKC isozymes and increased Abeta generation. These data have implications for the design of amyloid-lowering strategies based on modulating PKC activity.
Collapse
|
46
|
Simón AM, Schiapparelli L, Salazar-Colocho P, Cuadrado-Tejedor M, Escribano L, López de Maturana R, Del Río J, Pérez-Mediavilla A, Frechilla D. Overexpression of wild-type human APP in mice causes cognitive deficits and pathological features unrelated to Abeta levels. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 33:369-78. [PMID: 19101630 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP) develop an age-dependent amyloid pathology and memory deficits, but no overt neuronal loss. Here, in mice overexpressing wild-type human APP (hAPP(wt)) we found an early memory impairment, particularly in the water maze and to a lesser extent in the object recognition task, but beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta(42)) was barely detectable in the hippocampus. In these mice, hAPP processing was basically non-amyloidogenic, with high levels of APP carboxy-terminal fragments, C83 and APP intracellular domain. A tau pathology with an early increase in the levels of phosphorylated tau in the hippocampus, a likely consequence of enhanced ERK1/2 activation, was also observed. Furthermore, these mice presented a loss of synapse-associated proteins: PSD95, AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits and phosphorylated CaMKII. Importantly, signs of neurodegeneration were found in the hippocampal CA1 subfield and in the entorhinal cortex that were associated to a marked loss of MAP2 immunoreactivity. Conversely, in mice expressing mutant hAPP, high levels of Abeta(42) were found in the hippocampus, but no signs of neurodegeneration were apparent. The results support the notion of Abeta-independent pathogenic pathways in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-María Simón
- Division of Neurosciences, CIMA, University of Navarra, Av. Pio XII 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kuo LH, Hu MK, Hsu WM, Tung YT, Wang BJ, Tsai WW, Yen CT, Liao YF. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-elicited stimulation of gamma-secretase is mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent phosphorylation of presenilin and nicastrin. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:4201-12. [PMID: 18667537 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-09-0987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-secretase is a multiprotein complex composed of presenilin (PS), nicastrin (NCT), Aph-1, and Pen-2, and it catalyzes the final proteolytic step in the processing of amyloid precursor protein to generate amyloid-beta. Our previous results showed that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) can potently stimulate gamma-secretase activity through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent pathway. Here, we demonstrate that TNF-alpha triggers JNK-dependent serine/threonine phosphorylation of PS1 and NCT to stimulate gamma-secretase activity. Blocking of JNK activity with a potent JNK inhibitor (SP600125) reduces TNF-alpha-triggered phosphorylation of PS1 and NCT. Consistent with this, we show that activated JNKs can be copurified with gamma-secretase complexes and that active recombinant JNK2 can promote the phosphorylation of PS1 and NCT in vitro. Using site-directed mutagenesis and a synthetic peptide, we clearly show that the Ser(319)Thr(320) motif in PS1 is an important JNK phosphorylation site that is critical for the TNF-alpha-elicited regulation of gamma-secretase. This JNK phosphorylation of PS1 at Ser(319)Thr(320) enhances the stability of the PS1 C-terminal fragment that is necessary for gamma-secretase activity. Together, our findings strongly suggest that JNK is a critical intracellular mediator of TNF-alpha-elicited regulation of gamma-secretase and governs the pivotal step in the assembly of functional gamma-secretase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hsin Kuo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Suzuki T, Nakaya T. Regulation of amyloid beta-protein precursor by phosphorylation and protein interactions. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:29633-7. [PMID: 18650433 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r800003200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP), a type I membrane protein, is cleaved by primary alpha-or beta-secretase and secondary gamma-secretase. Cleavage of APP by beta- and gamma-secretases generates amyloid beta-protein, the main constituent of the cerebrovascular amyloid that accompanies Alzheimer disease. The generation and aggregation of amyloid beta-protein in the brain are believed to be a primary cause of Alzheimer disease pathogenesis, and indeed, early onset Alzheimer disease is genetically linked to APP and also to presenilins 1 and 2, which are components of gamma-secretase. Proteolytic cleavage of APP has been investigated as a candidate target for Alzheimer disease therapy, but the mechanisms regulating APP metabolism are still unclear. APP is a type I membrane protein with a short cytoplasmic region consisting of 47 amino acids. Recent research has elucidated the significance of the cytoplasmic region in the metabolism, trafficking, and physiological function of APP. The structure and function of the APP cytoplasmic domain can be modified by phosphorylation and through interaction with cytoplasmic proteins. This minireview summarizes a large body of recent information on the regulation of APP by phosphorylation and protein interaction, along with some of the physiological functions of APP. Recent findings regarding the regulation of APP processing contribute to the development of novel drugs and/or therapies for Alzheimer disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jones FE. HER4 intracellular domain (4ICD) activity in the developing mammary gland and breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2008; 13:247-58. [PMID: 18473151 PMCID: PMC2442669 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-008-9076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The HER4 receptor tyrosine kinase was the final member of the EGFR-family to be discovered. In contrast to the other three members of this receptor family which function primarily as mitogenic effectors in the breast, HER4 appears to have multiple divergent functions in the normal and malignant breast. Interestingly, the majority of HER4 activities in the breast including pregnancy induced differentiation and lactation initiation, transcriptional activation, tumor cell proliferation, growth suppression, and induction of apoptosis appear to be mediated by an independently signaling soluble HER4 intracellular domain (4ICD). The 4ICD can accumulate within the nucleus or mitochondria and subcellular localization of 4ICD in part determines the physiological response of breast cells to 4ICD action. Here I will discuss the evidence supporting the role of 4ICD as the critical effector of HER4 signaling in the breast. In addition a developmental and temporal model of 4ICD action in the normal breast and during the progression of breast cancer will be presented to explain the paradox of divergent HER4 and 4ICD activities.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/cytology
- Mammary Glands, Human/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-4
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shen C, Chen Y, Liu H, Zhang K, Zhang T, Lin A, Jing N. Hydrogen peroxide promotes Abeta production through JNK-dependent activation of gamma-secretase. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:17721-30. [PMID: 18436531 PMCID: PMC2427353 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800013200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of senile plaques composed of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD), and Abeta is generated through the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta- and gamma-secretase. Although oxidative stress has been implicated in the AD pathogenesis by inducing Abeta production, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we show that the pro-oxidant H(2)O(2) promotes Abeta production through c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent activation of gamma-secretase. Treatment with H(2)O(2) induced significant increase in the levels of intracellular and secreted Abeta in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Although gamma-secretase-mediated cleavage of APP or C99 was enhanced upon H(2)O(2) treatment, expression of APP or its alpha/beta-secretase-mediated cleavage was not affected. Silencing of the stress-activated JNK by small interfering RNA or the specific JNK inhibitor SP600125 reduced H(2)O(2)-induced gamma-secretase-mediated cleavage of APP. JNK activity was augmented in human brain tissues from AD patients and active JNK located surrounding the senile plaques in the brain of AD model mouse. Our data suggest that oxidative stress-activated JNK may contribute to senile plaque expansion through the promotion of gamma-secretase-mediated APP cleavage and Abeta production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|