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Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentially Affect Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion: A 2D-DIGE Proteomic Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4952876. [PMID: 33628783 PMCID: PMC7892224 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4952876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) display high tumor tropism and cause indirect effects through the cytokines they secrete. However, the effects of BM-MSCs on the biological behaviors of glioblastoma multiforme remain unclear. In this study, the conditioned medium from BM-MSCs significantly inhibited the proliferation of C6 cells (P < 0.05) but promoted their migration and invasion (P < 0.05). Two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) proteomic analysis revealed 17 proteins differentially expressed in C6 cells exposed to the BM-MSC-conditioned medium including five upregulated proteins and 12 downregulated proteins. Among these, six differentially expressed proteins (Calr, Set, Oat, Npm1, Ddah1, and Tardbp) were closely related to cell proliferation and differentiation, and nine proteins (Pdia6, Sphk1, Anxa4, Vim, Tuba1c, Actr1b, Actn4, Rap2c, and Tpm2) were associated with motility and the cytoskeleton, which may modulate the invasion and migration of tumor cells. Above all, by identifying the differentially expressed proteins using proteomics and bioinformatics analysis, BM-MSCs could be genetically modified to specifically express tumor-suppressive factors when BM-MSCs are to be used as tumor-selective targeting carriers in the future.
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Torres ERS, Akinyeke T, Stagaman K, Duvoisin RM, Meshul CK, Sharpton TJ, Raber J. Effects of Sub-Chronic MPTP Exposure on Behavioral and Cognitive Performance and the Microbiome of Wild-Type and mGlu8 Knockout Female and Male Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:140. [PMID: 30072879 PMCID: PMC6058038 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor dysfunction is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, non-motor symptoms such as gastrointestinal dysfunction often arise prior to motor symptoms. Alterations in the gut microbiome have been proposed as the earliest event in PD pathogenesis. PD symptoms often demonstrate sex differences. Glutamatergic neurotransmission has long been linked to PD pathology. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu), a family of G protein-coupled receptors, are divided into three groups, with group III mGlu receptors mainly localized presynaptically where they can inhibit glutamate release in the CNS as well as in the gut. Additionally, the gut microbiome can communicate with the CNS via the gut-brain axis. Here, we assessed whether deficiency of metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 (mGlu8), group III mGlu, modulates the effects of the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), on behavioral and cognitive performance in female and male mice. We studied whether these effects are associated with changes in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels and the gut microbiome. Two-week sub-chronic MPTP increased activity of female and male wild-type (WT) and mGlu8 knockout (KO) mice in the open field. MPTP also showed genotype- and sex-dependent effects. MPTP increased the time WT, but not KO, females and males spent exploring objects. In WT mice, MPTP improved sensorimotor function in males but impaired it in females. Further, MPTP impaired cued fear memory in WT, but not KO, male mice. MPTP reduced striatal TH levels in WT and KO mice but these effects were only pronounced in males. MPTP treatment and genotype affected the diversity of the gut microbiome. In addition, there were significant associations between microbiome α-diversity and sensorimotor performance, as well as microbiome composition and fear learning. These results indicate that specific taxa may directly affect motor and fear learning or that the same physiological effects that enhance both forms of learning also alter diversity of the gut microbiome. MPTP's effect on motor and cognitive performance may then be, at least in part, be mediated by the gut microbiome. These data also support mGlu8 as a novel therapeutic target for PD and highlight the importance of including both sexes in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Ruth S Torres
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tunde Akinyeke
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Keaton Stagaman
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Robert M Duvoisin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Charles K Meshul
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine and Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Stanwood GD, Leitch DB, Savchenko V, Wu J, Fitsanakis VA, Anderson DJ, Stankowski JN, Aschner M, McLaughlin B. Manganese exposure is cytotoxic and alters dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons within the basal ganglia. J Neurochem 2009; 110:378-89. [PMID: 19457100 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Manganese is an essential nutrient, integral to proper metabolism of amino acids, proteins and lipids. Excessive environmental exposure to manganese can produce extrapyramidal symptoms similar to those observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). We used in vivo and in vitro models to examine cellular and circuitry alterations induced by manganese exposure. Primary mesencephalic cultures were treated with 10-800 microM manganese chloride which resulted in dramatic changes in the neuronal cytoskeleton even at subtoxic concentrations. Using cultures from mice with red fluorescent protein driven by the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter, we found that dopaminergic neurons were more susceptible to manganese toxicity. To understand the vulnerability of dopaminergic cells to chronic manganese exposure, mice were given i.p. injections of MnCl(2) for 30 days. We observed a 20% reduction in TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) following manganese treatment. Quantification of Nissl bodies revealed a widespread reduction in SNpc cell numbers. Other areas of the basal ganglia were also altered by manganese as evidenced by the loss of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 in the striatum. These studies suggest that acute manganese exposure induces cytoskeletal dysfunction prior to degeneration and that chronic manganese exposure results in neurochemical dysfunction with overlapping features to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg D Stanwood
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37620, USA
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Mila S, Giuliano Albo A, Corpillo D, Giraudo S, Zibetti M, Bucci EM, Lopiano L, Fasano M. Lymphocyte proteomics of Parkinson’s disease patients reveals cytoskeletal protein dysregulation and oxidative stress. Biomark Med 2009; 3:117-28. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.09.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: There is increasing evidence of biochemical alterations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. In this work, we describe the changes in protein levels in peripheral lymphocytes of PD patients in order to identify potential peripheral biomarkers. Materials & methods: By means of 2D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry protein identification, we compared patients under L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) treatment, patients under subthalamic nucleus deep-brain stimulation and healthy controls. Results: Statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that cofilin-1, tropomyosin, and a specific actin isoform vary significantly in patients, regardless of the therapy. Two different isoforms of γ-fibrinogen either correlate with the disease state or with the disease duration. Eventually, specific changes associated with the different therapies allowed to highlight oxidative stress conditions in lymphocytes in patients treated with higher doses of L-DOPA. Conclusions: As a whole, peripheral blood lymphocytes are sensitive reporters of PD over inter-individual variability, and allow the identification of specific alterations that could be further exploited for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mila
- Department of Structural & Functional Biology & Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Via Alberto da Giussano 12, 21052, Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
- Bioindustry Park Canavese, Via Ribes 5, 10010, Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
| | | | - Davide Corpillo
- Bioindustry Park Canavese, Via Ribes 5, 10010, Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
| | - Sabrina Giraudo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zibetti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico M Bucci
- Bioindustry Park Canavese, Via Ribes 5, 10010, Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
- BioDigitalValley S.r.l., Corso Vercelli 117, 10015, Ivrea (TO), Italy
| | - Leonardo Lopiano
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Department of Structural & Functional Biology & Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Via Alberto da Giussano 12, 21052, Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
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Chin MH, Qian WJ, Wang H, Petyuk VA, Bloom JS, Sforza DM, Laćan G, Liu D, Khan AH, Cantor RM, Bigelow DJ, Melega WP, Camp DG, Smith RD, Smith DJ. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis revealed by proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of the striata in two mouse models of Parkinson's disease. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:666-77. [PMID: 18173235 DOI: 10.1021/pr070546l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the changes in the nigrostriatal pathway in Parkinson's disease (PD) are not completely understood. Here, we use mass spectrometry and microarrays to study the proteomic and transcriptomic changes in the striatum of two mouse models of PD, induced by the distinct neurotoxins 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and methamphetamine (METH). Proteomic analyses resulted in the identification and relative quantification of 912 proteins with two or more unique peptides and 86 proteins with significant abundance changes following neurotoxin treatment. Similarly, microarray analyses revealed 181 genes with significant changes in mRNA, following neurotoxin treatment. The combined protein and gene list provides a clearer picture of the potential mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration observed in PD. Functional analysis of this combined list revealed a number of significant categories, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis. These results constitute one of the largest descriptive data sets integrating protein and transcript changes for these neurotoxin models with many similar end point phenotypes but distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Chin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Human Genetics, Laboratory of NeuroImaging, Department of Neurology, and Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Kitsou E, Pan S, Zhang J, Shi M, Zabeti A, Dickson DW, Albin R, Gearing M, Kashima DT, Wang Y, Beyer RP, Zhou Y, Pan C, Caudle WM, Zhang J. Identification of proteins in human substantia nigra. Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:776-82. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Solomon A, De Fanti BA, Martínez JA. Peripheral ghrelin interacts with orexin neurons in glucostatic signalling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 144:17-24. [PMID: 17619061 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin interactions with glycemia in appetite control as well as the potential mechanisms involving the orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in the orexigenic ghrelin signals were investigated by using a specific anti-ghrelin antibody (AGA). Our results confirm that peripheral ghrelin is an important signal in meal initiation and appetite. Employing immunohistochemistry techniques, we found that c-fos positive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and perifornical area (PFA) increased after insulin or 2-deoxyglucose administration. Moreover, we have also demonstrated that peripheral ghrelin blockade by the AGA, reduces the orexigenic signal induced by insulin and 2-DG administration probably partly producing a decrease of c-fos immunoreactivity in the LH and PFA as well as a lower activation of orexin neurons. In contrast, the c-fos positive MCH neurons were not apparently affected. In summary, our findings suggest that peripheral ghrelin plays an important role in regulatory "glucostatic" feeding mechanisms by means of its role as a "hunger" signal affecting the LH and PFA areas, which may contribute to energy homeostasis through orexin neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Solomon
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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Weng YQ, Qiu SJ, Liu YK, Fan J, Gao Q, Tang ZY. Down-regulation of beta-centractin might be involved in dendritic cells dysfunction and subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma immune escape: a proteomic study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 134:179-86. [PMID: 17619203 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Proteomic study was used to clarify the mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immune escape concerning Dendritic cells (DCs') dysfunction and their association with HCC invasion. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived DCs from healthy donors were pulsed with soluble cell lysates prepared from different metastatic potential human HCC cell lines. The total protein of these DCs was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and Electro-Spray Mass Spectrometry. The allostimulatoy capacity and phenotype of these DCs were also evaluated. The clinical significance of beta-centractin, one of the largest quantitative changed spot, down-regulation in DCs was further evaluated in autologous PBMCs derived DCs pulsed with auto-tumor lysates in 26 HCC patients. RESULTS The expression of beta-centractin was found to be considerably lower either in DCs pulsed with HCCLM6 (high metastatic potential HCC cell line) lysates, accompanied by down-regulation of CD86 molecule and impaired allostimulatory capacity, than those of DCs pulsed with lysates from HCC cell lines with low or without metastatic potential or in DCs pulsed with lysates from HCC with invasiveness than those without invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS The down-regulation of beta-centractin in DCs pulsed with high metastatic potential HCC lysates might associate with DCs dysfunction and HCC invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Weng
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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