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Lázaro DF, Lee VMY. Navigating through the complexities of synucleinopathies: Insights into pathogenesis, heterogeneity, and future perspectives. Neuron 2024; 112:3029-3042. [PMID: 38861985 PMCID: PMC11427175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The aggregation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) represents a neuropathological hallmark observed in a group of neurodegenerative disorders collectively known as synucleinopathies. Despite their shared characteristics, these disorders manifest diverse clinical and pathological phenotypes. The mechanism underlying this heterogeneity is thought to be due to the diversity in the aSyn strains present across the diseases. In this perspective, we will explore recent findings on aSyn strains and discuss recent discoveries about Lewy bodies' composition. We further discuss the current hypothesis for aSyn spreading and emphasize the emerging biomarker field demonstrating promising results. A comprehension of these mechanisms holds substantial promise for future clinical applications. This understanding can pave the way for the development of personalized medicine strategies, specifically targeting the unique underlying causes of each synucleinopathy. Such advancements can revolutionize therapeutic approaches and significantly contribute to more effective interventions in the intricate landscape of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana F Lázaro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, 3 Maloney Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, 3 Maloney Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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2
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Eijsvogel P, Misra P, Concha-Marambio L, Boyd JD, Ding S, Fedor L, Hsieh YT, Sun YS, Vroom MM, Farris CM, Ma Y, de Kam ML, Radanovic I, Vissers MFJM, Mirski D, Shareghi G, Shahnawaz M, Singer W, Kremer P, Groeneveld GJ, Yu HJ, Dodart JC. Target engagement and immunogenicity of an active immunotherapeutic targeting pathological α-synuclein: a phase 1 placebo-controlled trial. Nat Med 2024; 30:2631-2640. [PMID: 38902546 PMCID: PMC11405261 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Investigational therapeutics that target toxic species of α-synuclein (αSyn) aim to slow down or halt disease progression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Here this 44-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, single-center phase 1 study investigated safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of UB-312, an active immunotherapeutic targeting pathological αSyn, in patients with PD. The primary outcome measures were adverse event frequency and change in anti-αSyn antibody titers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Exploratory outcomes were changes in clinical scales and biomarker-based target engagement as measured by seed amplification assays. Twenty patients were randomized 7:3 (UB-312:placebo) into 300/100/100 μg or 300/300/300 μg (weeks 1, 5 and 13) intramuscular prime-boost dose groups. Safety was similar across groups; adverse events were mostly mild and transient. Two patients experienced three serious adverse events in total, one possibly treatment related; all resolved without sequalae. Anti-αSyn antibodies in serum from 12/13 and CSF from 5/13 patients who received three UB-312 doses confirmed immunogenicity. Mean serum titers (in log-dilution factor) increased from baseline by 1.398 and 1.354, and peaked at week 29 at 2.520 and 2.133, for 300/100/100 μg and 300/300/300 μg, respectively. CSF titers were 0 at baseline and were 0.182 and 0.032 at week 21, respectively. Exploratory analyses showed no statistical differences in clinical scales but a significant reduction of αSyn seeds in CSF of a subset of UB-312-treated patients. These data support further UB-312 development. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04075318 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepijn Eijsvogel
- Centre for Human Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pinaki Misra
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yihua Ma
- R&D Unit, Amprion Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Igor Radanovic
- Centre for Human Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits F J M Vissers
- Centre for Human Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ghazal Shareghi
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahnawaz
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Philip Kremer
- Centre for Human Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Groeneveld
- Centre for Human Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Mondal A, Dolui S, Dhabal S, Kundu S, Das L, Bhattacharjee A, Maiti NC. Structure specific neuro-toxicity of α-synuclein oligomer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126683. [PMID: 37666396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked to α-synuclein (aS) aggregation and deposition of amyloid in the substantia nigra region of the brain tissues. In the current investigation we produced two distinct classes of aS oligomer of differed protein conformation, stability and compared their toxic nature to cultured neuronal cells. Lyophilized oligomer (LO) was produced in storage of aS at-20 °C for 7 days and it was enriched with loosely hold molten globule like structure with residues having preferences for α-helical conformational space. The size of the oligomer was 4-5.5 nm under AFM. This kind of oligomer exhibited potential toxicity towards neuronal cell lines and did not transform into compact β-sheet rich amyloid fiber even after incubation at 37 °C for several days. Formation of another type of oligomer was often observed in the lag phase of aS fibrillation that often occurred at an elevated temperature (37 °C). This kind of heat induced oligomer (IO) was more hydrophobic and relatively less toxic to neuronal cells compared to lyophilized oligomer (LO). Importantly, initiation of hydrophobic zipping of aS caused the transformation of IO into thermodynamically stable β-sheet rich amyloid fibril. On the other hand, the presence of molten globule like conformation in LO, rendered greater toxicity to cultured neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Mondal
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; Department of Zoology, Government General Degree College-Mangalkote, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal 713132, India.
| | - Sandip Dolui
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sukhamoy Dhabal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Rd, A-Zone, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Shubham Kundu
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Lopamudra Das
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Rd, A-Zone, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Nakul C Maiti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Torre-Muruzabal T, Van der Perren A, Coens A, Gelders G, Janer AB, Camacho-Garcia S, Klingstedt T, Nilsson P, Stefanova N, Melki R, Baekelandt V, Peelaerts W. Host oligodendrogliopathy and α-synuclein strains dictate disease severity in multiple system atrophy. Brain 2023; 146:237-251. [PMID: 35170728 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with prominent autonomic and motor features. During early stages, different subtypes of the disease are distinguished by their predominant parkinsonian or cerebellar symptoms, reflecting its heterogeneous nature. The pathognomonic feature of multiple system atrophy is the presence of α-synuclein (αSyn) protein deposits in oligodendroglial cells. αSyn can assemble in specific cellular or disease environments and form αSyn strains with unique structural features, but the ability of αSyn strains to propagate in oligodendrocytes remains elusive. Recently, it was shown that αSyn strains with related conformations exist in the brains of patients. Here, we investigated whether different αSyn strains can influence multiple system atrophy progression in a strain-dependent manner. To this aim, we injected two recombinant αSyn strains (fibrils and ribbons) in multiple system atrophy transgenic mice and found that they determined disease severity in multiple system atrophy via host-restricted and cell-specific pathology in vivo. αSyn strains significantly impact disease progression in a strain-dependent way via oligodendroglial, neurotoxic and immune-related mechanisms. Neurodegeneration and brain atrophy were accompanied by unique microglial and astroglial responses and the recruitment of central and peripheral immune cells. The differential activation of microglial cells correlated with the structural features of αSyn strains both in vitro and in vivo. Spectral analysis showed that ribbons propagated oligodendroglial inclusions that were structurally distinct from those of fibrils, with resemblance to oligodendroglial inclusions, in the brains of patients with multiple system atrophy. This study, therefore, shows that the multiple system atrophy phenotype is governed by both the nature of the αSyn strain and the host environment and that by injecting αSyn strains into an animal model of the disease, a more comprehensive phenotype can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Torre-Muruzabal
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Audrey Coens
- Institut François Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Géraldine Gelders
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Barber Janer
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Camacho-Garcia
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Therése Klingstedt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut François Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Peelaerts
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
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Dissecting aggregation and seeding dynamics of α-Syn polymorphs using the phasor approach to FLIM. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1345. [PMID: 36477485 PMCID: PMC9729209 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a heterogenous group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the progressive accumulation of pathological α-synuclein (α-Syn). The importance of structural polymorphism of α-Syn assemblies for distinct synucleinopathies and their progression is increasingly recognized. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we use fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to investigate seeded aggregation of α-Syn in a biosensor cell line. We show that conformationally distinct α-Syn polymorphs exhibit characteristic fluorescence lifetimes. FLIM further revealed that α-Syn polymorphs were differentially processed by cellular clearance pathways, yielding fibrillar species with increased seeding capacity. Thus, FLIM is not only a powerful tool to distinguish different amyloid structures, but also to monitor the dynamic process of amyloid remodeling by the cellular environment. Our data suggest that the accumulation of highly seeding competent degradation products for particular polymorphs may account for accelerated disease progression in some patients.
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Yu HJ, Thijssen E, Brummelen E, Plas JL, Radanovic I, Moerland M, Hsieh E, Groeneveld GJ, Dodart J. A Randomized First‐in‐Human Study With UB‐312, a UBITh® α‐Synuclein Peptide Vaccine. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1416-1424. [PMID: 35426173 PMCID: PMC9545051 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background α‐Synuclein (αSyn) is believed to play a central role in Parkinson's disease (PD) neuropathology and is considered a target for disease modification. UB‐312 is a synthetic αSyn peptide conjugated to a T helper peptide and is expected to induce antibodies specifically against oligomeric and fibrillar αSyn, making UB‐312 a potential immunotherapeutic for synucleopathies. Objective To investigate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of UB‐312 vaccination in healthy participants and to determine a safe and immunologically optimal dose for the first‐in‐patient study. Methods Fifty eligible healthy participants were enrolled in a 44‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study. Participants in seven cohorts were randomized to three intramuscular UB‐312 or placebo injections at weeks 1, 5, and 13 (doses ranging between 40 and 2000 μg). Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse events, clinical laboratory, vital signs, electrocardiograms, and neurological and physical examinations. Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti‐αSyn antibody concentrations. Results Twenty‐three participants received all three vaccinations of UB‐312. Most adverse events were mild, transient, and self‐resolving. Common treatment‐emergent adverse events included headache, nasopharyngitis, vaccination‐site pain, lumbar puncture‐site pain, and fatigue. UB‐312 induced dose‐ and time‐dependent antibody production. Antibodies were detectable in serum and CSF of all participants receiving the 300/300/300 μg UB‐312 dose regimen. The average CSF/serum ratio was 0.2%. Conclusions UB‐312 was generally safe, well tolerated, and induced anti‐αSyn antibodies in serum and CSF of healthy participants. The 100 and 300 μg doses are selected for further evaluation in participants with PD. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Thijssen
- Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | | | - Johan L. Plas
- Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Geert Jan Groeneveld
- Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
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7
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Oliveira LMA, Gasser T, Edwards R, Zweckstetter M, Melki R, Stefanis L, Lashuel HA, Sulzer D, Vekrellis K, Halliday GM, Tomlinson JJ, Schlossmacher M, Jensen PH, Schulze-Hentrich J, Riess O, Hirst WD, El-Agnaf O, Mollenhauer B, Lansbury P, Outeiro TF. Alpha-synuclein research: defining strategic moves in the battle against Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:65. [PMID: 34312398 PMCID: PMC8313662 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of the genetic era in Parkinson's disease (PD) research in 1997, α-synuclein was identified as an important player in a complex neurodegenerative disease that affects >10 million people worldwide. PD has been estimated to have an economic impact of $51.9 billion in the US alone. Since the initial association with PD, hundreds of researchers have contributed to elucidating the functions of α-synuclein in normal and pathological states, and these remain critical areas for continued research. With this position paper the authors strive to achieve two goals: first, to succinctly summarize the critical features that define α-synuclein's varied roles, as they are known today; and second, to identify the most pressing knowledge gaps and delineate a multipronged strategy for future research with the goal of enabling therapies to stop or slow disease progression in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M A Oliveira
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Edwards
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julianna J Tomlinson
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Schlossmacher
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine & DANDRITE, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julia Schulze-Hentrich
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Warren D Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Tiago F Outeiro
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
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The differential solvent exposure of N-terminal residues provides "fingerprints" of alpha-synuclein fibrillar polymorphs. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100737. [PMID: 33933456 PMCID: PMC8163981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the presence of intracellular deposits containing the protein alpha-synuclein (aSYN) within patients’ brains. It has been shown that aSYN can form structurally distinct fibrillar assemblies, also termed polymorphs. We previously showed that distinct aSYN polymorphs assembled in vitro, named fibrils, ribbons, and fibrils 91, differentially bind to and seed the aggregation of endogenous aSYN in neuronal cells, which suggests that distinct synucleinopathies may arise from aSYN polymorphs. In order to better understand the differential interactions of aSYN polymorphs with their partner proteins, we mapped aSYN polymorphs surfaces. We used limited proteolysis, hydrogen–deuterium exchange, and differential antibody accessibility to identify amino acids on their surfaces. We showed that the aSYN C-terminal region spanning residues 94 to 140 exhibited similarly high solvent accessibility in these three polymorphs. However, the N-terminal amino acid residues 1 to 38 of fibrils were exposed to the solvent, while only residues 1 to 18 within fibrils 91 were exposed, and no N-terminal residues within ribbons were solvent-exposed. It is likely that these differences in surface accessibility contribute to the differential binding of distinct aSYN polymorphs to partner proteins. We thus posit that the polypeptides exposed on the surface of distinct aSYN fibrillar polymorphs are comparable to fingerprints. Our findings have diagnostic and therapeutic potential, particularly in the prion-like propagation of fibrillar aSYN, as they can facilitate the design of ligands that specifically bind and distinguish between fibrillar polymorphs.
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Giannoccaro MP, Donadio V, Giannini G, Devigili G, Rizzo G, Incensi A, Cason E, Calandra-Buonaura G, Eleopra R, Cortelli P, Liguori R. Comparison of 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and phosphorylated α-synuclein skin deposits in synucleinopathies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 81:48-53. [PMID: 33049589 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac [123I]metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy (123I-MIBG) is considered a useful test in differentiating multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Lewy body disorders (LBD), including idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and pure autonomic failure (PAF). The detection of skin nerve phosphorylated α-synuclein (p-α-syn) deposits could be an alternative marker in vivo. We sought to compare 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and skin biopsy findings in α-synucleinopathies. METHODS We studied 54 patients (7 DLB, 21 IPD, 13 PAF, 13 MSA) who underwent 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and skin biopsy to evaluate cardiac innervation and skin p-α-syn deposition, respectively. RESULTS Cardiac denervation was observed in 90.5% IPD, 100% DLB and PAF and in none of the MSA patients (P < 0.0001) whereas p-α-syn deposits were detected in all DLB and PAF, in 95.2% of IPD and 69.2% of MSA patients (P = 0.02). However, the analysis of skin structures disclosed a different distribution of the deposits in somatic subepidermal plexus and autonomic fibers among groups, showing that p-α-syn deposits rarely affected the autonomic fibers in MSA as opposed to LBD. Studying the p-α-syn deposition in autonomic nerves, concordance among I123-MIBG scintigraphy and skin biopsy results was observed in 100% of DLB and PAF, 95.2% IPD and 92.3% MSA patients. I123-MIBG scintigraphy and autonomic p-α-syn deposits analysis both showed a sensitivity of 97.5% and a specificity of 100% and 92.3%, respectively, in distinguishing LBD and MSA. CONCLUSION Skin biopsy and 123-MIBG scintigraphy can be considered alternative tests for the differential diagnosis of IPD, PAF and DLB versus MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Giannoccaro
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Donadio
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Giannini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Grazia Devigili
- Neurological Unit 1, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rizzo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alex Incensi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ernesto Cason
- U.O. di Medicina Nucleare, Azienda AUSL Bologna, Ospedale Maggiore, Italy
| | - Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Eleopra
- Neurological Unit 1, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rocco Liguori
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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10
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Catania M, Di Fede G. One or more β-amyloid(s)? New insights into the prion-like nature of Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 175:213-237. [PMID: 32958234 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of proteins play a central role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's and Lewy Body diseases, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and prion diseases. Increasing evidence supports the view that Aβ and tau, which are the two main molecular players in AD, share with the prion protein several "prion-like" features that can be relevant for disease pathogenesis. These features essentially include structural/conformational/biochemical variations, resistance to degradation by endogenous proteases, seeding ability, attitude to form neurotoxic assemblies, spreading and propagation of toxic aggregates, transmissibility of tau- and Aβ-related pathology to animal models. Following this view, part of the recent scientific literature has generated a new reading frame for AD pathophysiology, based on the application of the prion paradigm to the amyloid cascade hypothesis in an attempt to definitely explain the key events causing the disease and inducing its occurrence under different clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Catania
- Neurology 5 / Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Neurology 5 / Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Watanabe-Nakayama T, Nawa M, Konno H, Kodera N, Ando T, Teplow DB, Ono K. Self- and Cross-Seeding on α-Synuclein Fibril Growth Kinetics and Structure Observed by High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9979-9989. [PMID: 32678577 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fibril formation is an obligatory process in amyloid diseases and is characterized by nucleation and elongation phases that result in the formation of long filaments with cross-β sheet structure. The kinetics of this process, as well as that of secondary nucleation, is controlled by a variety of factors, including nucleus (seed) structure, monomer conformation, and biochemical milieu. Some fibrillar amyloid assemblies act as prions, replicating themselves from protein monomers templated by existing prion seeds. Prion strains, which are characterized by distinct physicochemical and pathologic properties, may also form due to perturbation of the templating process within the susceptible organism. Understanding the types and effects of perturbations occurring during the development and progression of Parkinson's disease is an area requiring more study. Here, we used high-speed atomic force microscopy to determine the kinetics and structural dynamics of α-synuclein fibril elongation initiated by self-seeding or cross-seeding of wild-type (WT) or mutant α-synuclein with WT or mutant α-synuclein seeds. We found that cross-seeding modulated not only elongation rates but also the structures of the growing fibrils. Some fibrils produced in this manner had structures distinct from their "parent" seeds. In other cases, cross-seeding was not observed at all. These findings suggest that α-synuclein sequence variants can produce different types of strains by self- or cross-seeding. Perpetuation of specific strains then would depend on the relative rates of fibril growth and the relative stabilities of the fibrils formed by each strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Watanabe-Nakayama
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Maika Nawa
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Konno
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - David B Teplow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7334, United States
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
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12
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Donadio V, Incensi A, Rizzo G, De Micco R, Tessitore A, Devigili G, Del Sorbo F, Bonvegna S, Infante R, Magnani M, Zenesini C, Vignatelli L, Cilia R, Eleopra R, Tedeschi G, Liguori R. Skin Biopsy May Help to Distinguish Multiple System Atrophy-Parkinsonism from Parkinson's Disease With Orthostatic Hypotension. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1649-1657. [PMID: 32557839 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis between multiple system atrophy parkinsonism type (MSA-P) and Parkinson's disease with orthostatic hypotension (PD+OH) is difficult because the 2 diseases have a similar clinical picture. The aim of this study is to distinguish MSA-P from PD+OH by immunostaining for abnormal phosphorylated α-synuclein at serine 129 (p-syn) in cutaneous nerves. METHOD We recruited 50 patients with parkinsonism and chronic orthostatic hypotension: 25 patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for MSA-P and 25 patients for PD+OH. The patients underwent a skin biopsy from the cervical area, thigh, and leg to analyze somatic and autonomic skin innervation and p-syn in skin nerves. RESULTS Intraneural p-syn positivity was found in 72% of patients with MSA-P, mainly in distal skin sites. More important, p-syn deposits in MSA-P differed from PD+OH because they were mainly found in somatic fibers of subepidermal plexi, whereas scant autonomic fiber involvement was found in only 3 patients. All patients with PD+OH displayed widely distributed p-syn deposits in the autonomic skin fibers of proximal and distal skin sites, whereas somatic fibers were affected only slightly in 4 patients with PD+OH. Skin innervation mirrored p-syn deposits because somatic innervation was mainly reduced in MSA-P. Sympathetic innervation was damaged in PD+OH but fairly preserved in MSA-P. CONCLUSIONS The p-syn in cutaneous nerves allows the differentiation of MSA-P from PD+OH; MSA-P mainly shows somatic fiber involvement with relatively preserved autonomic innervation; and by contrast, PD+OH displays prevalent abnormal p-syn deposits and denervation in autonomic postganglionic nerves. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Donadio
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alex Incensi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rizzo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Italia
| | - Rosa De Micco
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italia
| | - Alessandro Tessitore
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italia
| | - Grazia Devigili
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italia
| | | | | | - Rossella Infante
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Magnani
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Corrado Zenesini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Vignatelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Cilia
- Parkinson Institute ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milano, Italia
| | - Roberto Eleopra
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italia
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italia
| | - Rocco Liguori
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Italia
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13
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Nachman E, Wentink AS, Madiona K, Bousset L, Katsinelos T, Allinson K, Kampinga H, McEwan WA, Jahn TR, Melki R, Mogk A, Bukau B, Nussbaum-Krammer C. Disassembly of Tau fibrils by the human Hsp70 disaggregation machinery generates small seeding-competent species. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9676-9690. [PMID: 32467226 PMCID: PMC7363153 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid Tau aggregates is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Molecular chaperones are known to maintain protein homeostasis. Here, we show that an ATP-dependent human chaperone system disassembles Tau fibrils in vitro We found that this function is mediated by the core chaperone HSC70, assisted by specific cochaperones, in particular class B J-domain proteins and a heat shock protein 110 (Hsp110)-type nucleotide exchange factor (NEF). The Hsp70 disaggregation machinery processed recombinant fibrils assembled from all six Tau isoforms as well as Sarkosyl-resistant Tau aggregates extracted from cell cultures and human AD brain tissues, demonstrating the ability of the Hsp70 machinery to recognize a broad range of Tau aggregates. However, the chaperone activity released monomeric and small oligomeric Tau species, which induced the aggregation of self-propagating Tau conformers in a Tau cell culture model. We conclude that the activity of the Hsp70 disaggregation machinery is a double-edged sword, as it eliminates Tau amyloids at the cost of generating new seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Nachman
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Schaller Research Group Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Disease of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne S Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karine Madiona
- Institute Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Bousset
- Institute Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Taxiarchis Katsinelos
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kieren Allinson
- Department of Neuropathology, Cambridge Universities Hospital Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harm Kampinga
- Department of Biomedical Science of Cell and System, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - William A McEwan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R Jahn
- Schaller Research Group Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Disease of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institute Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Axel Mogk
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Shrivastava AN, Bousset L, Renner M, Redeker V, Savistchenko J, Triller A, Melki R. Differential Membrane Binding and Seeding of Distinct α-Synuclein Fibrillar Polymorphs. Biophys J 2020; 118:1301-1320. [PMID: 32059758 PMCID: PMC7091477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of the protein α-synuclein (α-Syn) leads to different synucleinopathies. We recently showed that structurally distinct fibrillar α-Syn polymorphs trigger either Parkinson’s disease or multiple system atrophy hallmarks in vivo. Here, we establish a structural-molecular basis for these observations. We show that distinct fibrillar α-Syn polymorphs bind to and cluster differentially at the plasma membrane in both primary neuronal cultures and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures from wild-type mice. We demonstrate a polymorph-dependent and concentration-dependent seeding. We show a polymorph-dependent differential synaptic redistribution of α3-Na+/K+-ATPase, GluA2 subunit containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, and GluN2B-subunit containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, but not GluA1 subunit containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 receptors. We also demonstrate polymorph-dependent alteration in neuronal network activity upon seeded aggregation of α-Syn. Our findings bring new, to our knowledge, insight into how distinct α-Syn polymorphs differentially bind to and seed monomeric α-Syn aggregation within neurons, thus affecting neuronal homeostasis through the redistribution of synaptic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Nidhi Shrivastava
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Luc Bousset
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marianne Renner
- INSERM, UMR- S 839 Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Redeker
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jimmy Savistchenko
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Antoine Triller
- École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, INSERM, CNRS, PSL, Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Ronald Melki
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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15
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Forrest SL, Kril JJ, Halliday GM. Cellular and regional vulnerability in frontotemporal tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:705-727. [PMID: 31203391 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The frontotemporal tauopathies all deposit abnormal tau protein aggregates, but often of only certain isoforms and in distinguishing pathologies of five main types (neuronal Pick bodies, neurofibrillary tangles, astrocytic plaques, tufted astrocytes, globular glial inclusions and argyrophilic grains). In those with isoform specific tau aggregates glial pathologies are substantial, even though there is limited evidence that these cells normally produce tau protein. This review will assess the differentiating features and clinicopathological correlations of the frontotemporal tauopathies, the genetic predisposition for these different pathologies, their neuroanatomical selectivity, current observations on how they spread through the brain, and any potential contributing cellular and molecular changes. The findings show that diverse clinical phenotypes relate most to the brain region degenerating rather than the type of pathology involved, that different regions on the MAPT gene and novel risk genes are associated with specific tau pathologies, that the 4-repeat glial tauopathies do not follow individual patterns of spreading as identified for neuronal pathologies, and that genetic and pathological data indicate that neuroinflammatory mechanisms are involved. Each pathological frontotemporal tauopathy subtype with their distinct pathological features differ substantially in the cell type affected, morphology, biochemical and anatomical distribution of inclusions, a fundamental concept central to future success in understanding the disease mechanisms required for developing therapeutic interventions. Tau directed therapies targeting genetic mechanisms, tau aggregation and pathological spread are being trialled, although biomarkers that differentiate these diseases are required. Suggested areas of future research to address the regional and cellular vulnerabilities in frontotemporal tauopathies are discussed.
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16
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Grozdanov V, Bousset L, Hoffmeister M, Bliederhaeuser C, Meier C, Madiona K, Pieri L, Kiechle M, McLean PJ, Kassubek J, Behrends C, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH, Melki R, Danzer KM. Increased Immune Activation by Pathologic α‐Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:593-606. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luc Bousset
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Francois Jacob Institute, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative DiseasesNational Center for Scientific Research Fontenay‐Aux‐Roses France
| | - Meike Hoffmeister
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical SchoolGoethe University Frankfurt Germany
| | | | | | - Karine Madiona
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Francois Jacob Institute, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative DiseasesNational Center for Scientific Research Fontenay‐Aux‐Roses France
| | - Laura Pieri
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Francois Jacob Institute, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative DiseasesNational Center for Scientific Research Fontenay‐Aux‐Roses France
| | | | - Pamela J. McLean
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo Clinic Jacksonville Jacksonville FL
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of NeurologyUlm University Ulm Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Medical FacultyLudwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | | | | | - Ronald Melki
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Francois Jacob Institute, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative DiseasesNational Center for Scientific Research Fontenay‐Aux‐Roses France
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17
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Wentink A, Nussbaum-Krammer C, Bukau B. Modulation of Amyloid States by Molecular Chaperones. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:a033969. [PMID: 30755450 PMCID: PMC6601462 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant protein aggregation is a defining feature of most neurodegenerative diseases. During pathological aggregation, key proteins transition from their native state to alternative conformations, which are prone to oligomerize into highly ordered fibrillar states. As part of the cellular quality control machinery, molecular chaperones can intervene at many stages of the aggregation process to inhibit or reverse aberrant protein aggregation or counteract the toxicity associated with amyloid species. Although the action of chaperones is considered cytoprotective, essential housekeeping functions can be hijacked for the propagation and spreading of protein aggregates, suggesting the cellular protein quality control system constitutes a double-edged sword in neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss the various mechanisms used by chaperones to influence protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils to understand how the interplay of these activities produces specific cellular outcomes and to define mechanisms that may be targeted by pharmacological agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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19
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Froula JM, Castellana-Cruz M, Anabtawi NM, Camino JD, Chen SW, Thrasher DR, Freire J, Yazdi AA, Fleming S, Dobson CM, Kumita JR, Cremades N, Volpicelli-Daley LA. Defining α-synuclein species responsible for Parkinson's disease phenotypes in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10392-10406. [PMID: 31142553 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by fibrillar neuronal inclusions composed of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn). These inclusions are associated with behavioral and pathological PD phenotypes. One strategy for therapeutic interventions is to prevent the formation of these inclusions to halt disease progression. α-Synuclein exists in multiple structural forms, including disordered, nonamyloid oligomers, ordered amyloid oligomers, and fibrils. It is critical to understand which conformers contribute to specific PD phenotypes. Here, we utilized a mouse model to explore the pathological effects of stable β-amyloid-sheet oligomers compared with those of fibrillar α-synuclein. We biophysically characterized these species with transmission EM, atomic-force microscopy, CD spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation, and thioflavin T assays. We then injected these different α-synuclein forms into the mouse striatum to determine their ability to induce PD-related phenotypes. We found that β-sheet oligomers produce a small but significant loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Injection of small β-sheet fibril fragments, however, produced the most robust phenotypes, including reduction of striatal dopamine terminals, SNc loss of dopamine neurons, and motor-behavior defects. We conclude that although the β-sheet oligomers cause some toxicity, the potent effects of the short fibrillar fragments can be attributed to their ability to recruit monomeric α-synuclein and spread in vivo and hence contribute to the development of PD-like phenotypes. These results suggest that strategies to reduce the formation and propagation of β-sheet fibrillar species could be an important route for therapeutic intervention in PD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Froula
- From the Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Marta Castellana-Cruz
- the Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - Nadia M Anabtawi
- From the Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - José D Camino
- the Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)-Joint Unit BIFI-IQFR (CSIC), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Serene W Chen
- the Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - Drake R Thrasher
- From the Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Jennifer Freire
- From the Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Allen A Yazdi
- From the Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Sheila Fleming
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- the Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - Janet R Kumita
- the Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - Nunilo Cremades
- the Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)-Joint Unit BIFI-IQFR (CSIC), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain,
| | - Laura A Volpicelli-Daley
- From the Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294,
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20
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Shrivastava AN, Triller A, Melki R. Cell biology and dynamics of Neuronal Na +/K +-ATPase in health and diseases. Neuropharmacology 2018; 169:107461. [PMID: 30550795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal Na+/K+-ATPase is responsible for the maintenance of ionic gradient across plasma membrane. In doing so, in a healthy brain, Na+/K+-ATPase activity accounts for nearly half of total brain energy consumption. The α3-subunit containing Na+/K+-ATPase expression is restricted to neurons. Heterozygous mutations within α3-subunit leads to Rapid-onset Dystonia Parkinsonism, Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood and other neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally, proteins such as α-synuclein, amyloid-β, tau and SOD1 whose aggregation is associated to neurodegenerative diseases directly bind and impair α3-Na+/K+-ATPase activity. The review will provide a summary of neuronal α3-Na+/K+-ATPase functional properties, expression pattern, protein-protein interactions at the plasma membrane, biophysical properties (distribution and lateral diffusion). Lastly, the role of α3-Na+/K+-ATPase in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders will be discussed. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Mobility and trafficking of neuronal membrane proteins'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Nidhi Shrivastava
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Antoine Triller
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, INSERM, CNRS, PSL, Research University, 46 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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21
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Melki R. Alpha-synuclein and the prion hypothesis in Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2018; 174:644-652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Gangliosides comprise a varied family of glycosphingolipid structures bearing one or more sialic acid residues. They are found in all mammalian tissues but are most abundant in the brain, where they represent the quantitatively major class of sialoglycans. As prominent molecular determinants on cell surfaces, they function as molecular-recognition partners for diverse glycan-binding proteins ranging from bacterial toxins to endogenous cell-cell adhesion molecules. Gangliosides also regulate the activity of plasma membrane proteins, including protein tyrosine kinases, by lateral association in the same membranes in which they reside. Their roles in molecular recognition and membrane protein regulation implicate gangliosides in human physiology and pathology, including infectious diseases, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The varied structures and biosynthetic pathways of gangliosides are presented here, along with representative examples of their biological functions in health and disease.
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23
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Soto C, Pritzkow S. Protein misfolding, aggregation, and conformational strains in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1332-1340. [PMID: 30250260 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 640] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark event in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is the misfolding, aggregation, and accumulation of proteins, leading to cellular dysfunction, loss of synaptic connections, and brain damage. Despite the involvement of distinct proteins in different NDs, the process of protein misfolding and aggregation is remarkably similar. A recent breakthrough in the field was the discovery that misfolded protein aggregates can self-propagate through seeding and spread the pathological abnormalities between cells and tissues in a manner akin to the behavior of infectious prions in prion diseases. This discovery has vast implications for understanding the mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of NDs, as well as for the design of novel strategies for treatment and diagnosis. In this Review, we provide a critical discussion of the role of protein misfolding and aggregation in NDs. Commonalities and differences between distinct protein aggregates will be highlighted, in addition to evidence supporting the hypothesis that misfolded aggregates can be transmissible by the prion principle. We will also describe the molecular basis and implications for prion-like conformational strains, cross-interaction between different misfolded proteins in the brain, and how these concepts can be applied to the development of novel strategies for therapy and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Sandra Pritzkow
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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Mercado G, López N, Martínez A, Sardi SP, Hetz C. A new model to study cell-to-cell transfer of αSynuclein in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1385-1393. [PMID: 30025892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) compromises motor control due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. At the histopathological level, PD is characterized by the accumulation of Lewy bodies, large protein inclusions containing aggregated αSynuclein (αSyn). The progression of PD involves the spreading of αSyn misfolding through the brain mediated by a prion-like mechanism, where the protein is transferred between cells. Here we report that αSyn internalization is a dynamic process, where the protein transits through different sub-cellular compartments. Importantly, cells incorporating αSyn develop larger protein-like inclusions when compared to αSyn producing cells. We developed a new tool to monitor cell-to-cell transfer of αSyn in vivo using an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector expressing αSyn fused to a red fluorescent protein in addition to soluble EGFP to label donor cells. Intra-nigral delivery of this reporter AAV construct allowed the visualization of αSyn incorporation into surrounding neurons. This work provides a new tool to study αSyn cell-to-cell transfer in vivo and may open new opportunities to study PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mercado
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Nélida López
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Alexis Martínez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Sergio P Sardi
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
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25
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Fenyi A, Coens A, Bellande T, Melki R, Bousset L. Assessment of the efficacy of different procedures that remove and disassemble alpha-synuclein, tau and A-beta fibrils from laboratory material and surfaces. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10788. [PMID: 30018327 PMCID: PMC6050226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein fibrillar polymorphs, Tau and Aß 1–42 fibrillar assemblies have been shown to propagate, amplify and trigger the formation of protein deposits reminiscent of those present within the central nervous system of patients developing synucleinopathies, tauopathies and amyloid plaques after injection intracerebrally, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally or within the blood stream of model animals. They are thus hazardous and there is need for decontamination and inactivation procedures for laboratory surfaces and non-disposable material. We assessed the effectiveness of different reagents to clean and disassemble potentially pathogenic assemblies adsorbed on non-disposable materials in laboratories. We show that commercial detergents and SDS are way more suited to detach α-synuclein fibrillar polymorphs, Tau and Aß 1–42 fibrillar assemblies from contaminated surfaces and disassemble the fibrils than methods designed to decrease PrP prion infectivity. Our observations reveal that the choice of the most adapted cleaning procedure for one given protein assembly or fibrillar polymorph should integrate detergent’s cleaning efficiency, material compatibility and capacity to dismantle assemblies. We provide an integrated representation where desorption and neutralization efficacy and surface compatibility are combined to facilitate the choice of the most adapted decontamination procedure. This representation, together with good laboratory practices, contributes to reducing potential health hazards associated to manipulating protein assemblies with prion-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Fenyi
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Audrey Coens
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tracy Bellande
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luc Bousset
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Chartier S, Duyckaerts C. Is Lewy pathology in the human nervous system chiefly an indicator of neuronal protection or of toxicity? Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:149-160. [PMID: 29869713 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Misfolded α-synuclein accumulates in histological inclusions constituting "Lewy pathology" found in idiopathic Parkinson disease, Parkinson disease dementia and dementia with Lewy body. The mechanism inducing α-synuclein misfolding is still unknown. The misfolded molecules form oligomers that organize into fibrils. α-Synuclein fibrils, in vitro, are capable of initiating an auto-replicating process, transforming normal molecules into misfolded molecules that aggregate. Fibrils can cross the neuronal membrane and recruit α-synuclein molecules in connected neurons. Such properties of seeding and propagation, shared with prion proteins, belong to "tissular propagons". Lewy bodies isolate harmful species from the cytoplasm and have been thought to be protective. In PRKN gene mutations, however, the absence of Lewy bodies is not associated with a more aggressive course. In idiopathic Parkinson disease, the proportion of neurons with Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra remains stable despite the progression of neuronal loss. This stable proportion suggests that Lewy bodies are eliminated at the rate at which neurons are lost because Lewy bodies cause, or invariably accompany, neuronal loss. Experimentally, cellular death selectively occurs in inclusion-bearing neurons. This set of data indicates that α-synuclein misfolding is the essential mechanism causing the lesions of Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy body. Lewy pathology is a direct and visible evidence of α-synuclein misfolding and, as such, is an accurate marker for assessing the presence of α-synuclein misfolding even if the inclusions themselves may not be as directly causative as the molecules they accumulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Chartier
- Escourolle Neuropathology Department, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, 47 Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Escourolle Neuropathology Department, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, 47 Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.
- Alzheimer-Prions Team, Brain and Spinal Cord Institute (ICM), Paris, France.
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