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Jobin B, Boller B, Frasnelli J. Smaller grey matter volume in the central olfactory system in mild cognitive impairment. Exp Gerontol 2023; 183:112325. [PMID: 37952649 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to increase the specificity of the early diagnosis. While episodic memory impairment is a sensitive AD marker, other measures are needed to improve diagnostic specificity. A promising biomarker might be a cerebral atrophy of the central olfactory processing areas in the early stages of the disease since an impairment of olfactory identification is present at the clinical stage of AD. Our goal was therefore, (1) to evaluate the grey matter volume (GMV) of central olfactory processing regions in prodromal AD and (2) to assess its association with episodic memory. We included 34 cognitively normal healthy controls (HC), 92 individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 40 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We performed regions of interest analysis (ROI) using two different approaches, allowing to extract GMV from (1) atlas-based anatomical ROIs and from (2) functional and non-functional subregions of these ROIs (olfactory ROIs and non-olfactory ROIs). Participants with MCI exhibited smaller olfactory ROIs GMV, including significant reductions in the piriform cortex, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and left hippocampus compared to other groups (p ≤ 0.05, corrected). No significant effect was found regarding anatomical or non-olfactory ROIs GMV. The left hippocampus olfactory ROI GMV was correlated with episodic memory performance (p < 0.05 corrected). Limbic/medial-temporal olfactory processing areas are specifically atrophied at the MCI stage, and the degree of atrophy might predict cognitive decline in AD early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Jobin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Qc, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Qc, Canada; Research Centre of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Qc, Canada.
| | - Benjamin Boller
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Qc, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Research Centre of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Qc, Canada; Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Qc, Canada
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2
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González LM, Bourissai A, Lessard-Beaudoin M, Lebel R, Tremblay L, Lepage M, Graham RK. Amelioration of Cognitive and Olfactory System Deficits in APOE4 Transgenic Mice with DHA Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5624-5641. [PMID: 37329383 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction and atrophy of olfactory brain regions are observed early in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. Despite substantial evidence showing neuroprotective effects in MCI/AD with treatment of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, few studies have assessed DHA and its effects on the olfactory system deficits. We therefore performed structural (MRI), functional (olfactory behavior, novel object recognition), and molecular (markers of apoptosis and inflammation) assessments of APOE4 and wild-type mice ± DHA treatment at 3, 6, and 12 months of age. Our results demonstrate that APOE4 mice treated with the control diet show recognition memory deficits, abnormal olfactory habituation, and discrimination abilities and an increase in IBA-1 immunoreactivity in the olfactory bulb. These phenotypes were not present in APOE4 mice treated with a DHA diet. Alterations in some brain regions' weights and/or volumes were observed in the APOPE4 mice and may be due to caspase activation and/or neuroinflammatory events. These results suggest that the consumption of a diet rich in DHA may provide some benefit to E4 carriers but may not alleviate all symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martínez González
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, QC, J1H 5N4, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Adam Bourissai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Mélissa Lessard-Beaudoin
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, QC, J1H 5N4, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Réjean Lebel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Rona K Graham
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, QC, J1H 5N4, Sherbrooke, Canada.
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3
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Gan Q, Ding Y, Peng M, Chen L, Dong J, Hu J, Ma Y. The Potential of Edible and Medicinal Resource Polysaccharides for Prevention and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050873. [PMID: 37238743 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As natural medicines in complementary and alternative medicine, edible and medicinal resources are being gradually recognized throughout the world. According to statistics from the World Health Organization, about 80% of the worldwide population has used edible and medicinal resource products to prevent and treat diseases. Polysaccharides, one of the main effective components in edible and medicinal resources, are considered ideal regulators of various biological responses due to their high effectiveness and low toxicity, and they have a wide range of possible applications for the development of functional foods for the regulation of common, frequently occurring, chronic and severe diseases. Such applications include the development of polysaccharide products for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that are difficult to control by a single treatment, which is of great value to the aging population. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of polysaccharides to prevent neurodegeneration by their regulation of behavioral and major pathologies, including abnormal protein aggregation and neuronal damage caused by neuronal apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, unbalanced neurotransmitters, and poor synaptic plasticity. This includes multi-target and multi-pathway regulation involving the mitochondrial pathway, MAPK pathway, NF-κB pathway, Nrf2 pathway, mTOR pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway, P53/P21 pathway, and BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway. In this paper, research into edible and medicinal resource polysaccharides for neurodegenerative diseases was reviewed in order to provide a basis for the development and application of polysaccharide health products and promote the recognition of functional products of edible and medicinal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yugang Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Maoyao Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jijing Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiaxi Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuntong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611137, China
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4
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Camara G, Alotaibi M, Lessard-Beaudoin M, Busch K, Gendron L, Graham RK. Specific olfactory deficit patterns observed in seniors and associated with cognitive decline. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 126:110775. [PMID: 37120003 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom in neurodegenerative disorders and is regarded as a potential early predictor of impending cognitive decline. This study was undertaken in order to determine if olfactory dysfunction observed in the elderly is due to a general loss of smell or the inability to detect specific odours, and if misidentification of odours correlates with cognitive scores. Seniors for the Olfactory Response and Cognition in Aging (ORCA) sub-study were recruited from the Quebec Nutrition and Successful Aging (NuAge) cohort. The University of Pennsylvania smell identification test (UPSIT) was performed to measure olfactory function and the telephone Mini Mental State Examination (t-MMSE) and the French version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status Modified (F-TICS-m) for cognitive status. The results demonstrate that seniors exhibit specific olfactory loss and had severe difficulty in particular in identifying lemon, pizza, fruit punch, cheddar cheese and lime. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the ability to detect certain odours between the sexes. Results also showed that misidentification of certain scents was associated with cognitive scores, and when the sexes were assessed separately sex-specific misidentification of cognitive-associated odours was observed. The relationship between the cognitive scores and scent misidentification suggests that impending cognitive decline may be highlighted by the inability to smell specific odours. Our study provides additional support for the testing of olfactory function in the elderly and suggests that loss of smell for particular scents may become a useful diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Camara
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Canada; Dept of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Majed Alotaibi
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, United States of America; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health and Science, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Melissa Lessard-Beaudoin
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Canada; Dept of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Kate Busch
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Canada
| | - Louis Gendron
- Dept of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Rona K Graham
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Canada; Dept of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
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5
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Differential Cellular Balance of Olfactory and Vomeronasal Epithelia in a Transgenic BACHD Rat Model of Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147625. [PMID: 35886975 PMCID: PMC9316117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. For neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington’s disease (HD), early diagnosis is essential to treat patients and delay symptoms. Impaired olfaction, as observed as an early symptom in Parkinson´s disease, may also constitute a key symptom in HD. However, there are few reports on olfactory deficits in HD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate, in a transgenic rat model of HD: (1) whether general olfactory impairment exists and (2) whether there are disease-specific dynamics of olfactory dysfunction when the vomeronasal (VNE) and main olfactory epithelium (MOE) are compared. Methods. We used male rats of transgenic line 22 (TG22) of the bacterial artificial chromosome Huntington disease model (BACHD), aged 3 days or 6 months. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and macrophage activity were examined with immunohistochemistry in the VNE and MOE. Results. No differences were observed in cellular parameters in the VNE between the groups. However, the MOE of the 6-month-old HD animals showed a significantly increased number of mature olfactory receptor neurons. Other cellular parameters were not affected. Conclusions. The results obtained in the TG22 line suggest a relative stability in the VNE, whereas the MOE seems at least temporarily affected.
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Xue X, Wu JJ, Huo BB, Xing XX, Ma J, Li YL, Zheng MX, Hua XY, Xu JG. Age-related alterations of brain metabolic network based on [18F]FDG-PET of rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:923-942. [PMID: 35077393 PMCID: PMC8833125 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using animal models to study the underlying mechanisms of aging will create a critical foundation from which to develop new interventions for aging-related brain disorders. Aging-related reorganization of the brain network has been described for the human brain based on functional, metabolic and structural connectivity. However, alterations in the brain metabolic network of aging rats remain unknown. Here, we submitted young and aged rats to [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose with positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and constructed brain metabolic networks. The topological properties were detected, and the network robustness against random failures and targeted attacks was analyzed for age-group comparison. Compared with young rats, aged rats showed reduced betweenness centrality (BC) in the superior colliculus and a decreased degree (D) in the parietal association cortex. With regard to network robustness, the brain metabolic networks of aged rats were more vulnerable to simulated damage, which showed significantly lower local efficiency and clustering coefficients than those of the young rats against targeted attacks and random failures. The findings support the idea that aged rats have similar aging-related changes in the brain metabolic network to the human brain and can therefore be used as a model for aging studies to provide targets for potential therapies that promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xue
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Bei-Bei Huo
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Xing
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.,Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.,Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.,Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
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7
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Lessard-Beaudoin M, M Gonzalez L, AlOtaibi M, Chouinard-Watkins R, Plourde M, Calon F, Graham RK. Diet enriched in omega-3 fatty acids alleviates olfactory system deficits in APOE4 transgenic mice. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7092-7108. [PMID: 34549475 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is observed in several neurological disorders including Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD). These deficits occur early and correlate with global cognitive performance, depression and degeneration of olfactory regions in the brain. Despite extensive human studies, there has been little characterization of the olfactory system in models of AD. In order to determine if olfactory structural and/or molecular phenotypes are observed in a model expressing a genetic risk factor for AD, we assessed the olfactory bulb (OB) in APOE4 transgenic mice. A significant decrease in OB weight was observed at 12 months of age in APOE4 mice concurrent with inflammation and decreased NeuN expression. In order to determine if a diet rich in omega-3s may alleviate the olfactory system phenotypes observed, we assessed WT and APOE4 mice on a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) diet. APOE4 mice on a DHA diet did not present with atrophy of the OB, and the alterations in NeuN and IBA-1 expression were alleviated. Furthermore, alterations in caspase mRNA and protein expression in the APOE4 OB were not observed with a DHA diet. Similar to the human AD condition, OB atrophy is an early phenotype in the APOE4 mice and concurrent with inflammation. These data support a link between the structural olfactory brain region atrophy and the olfactory dysfunction observed in AD and suggest that inflammation and cell death pathways may contribute to the olfactory deficits observed. Furthermore, the results suggest that diets enriched in DHA may provide benefit to APOE4 allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lessard-Beaudoin
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de L'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura M Gonzalez
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de L'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Majed AlOtaibi
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de L'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de L'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de L'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederic Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rona K Graham
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de L'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Fang K, Xu JX, Chen XX, Gao XR, Huang LL, Du AQ, Jiang C, Ge JF. Differential serum exosome microRNA profile in a stress-induced depression rat model. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:144-158. [PMID: 32469797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has shown the important role of exosomes in the maintenance of brain function and pathogenesis of brain disease, but little is known about their association with depression. The aim of this project was to explore the miRNA profile of exosomes in the serum of rats with depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). METHODS A rat model of depression was replicated via CUMS. Behavioral performance was observed, and serum exosomes were isolated and identified. The protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, and synaptotagmin 1 in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and serum exosomes were measured. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of differential genes was carried out using the R package clusterProfiler. RESULTS The CUMS rats showed depression-like behaviors, together with decreased expression levels of BDNF, TrkB, and synaptotagmin 1 in the hippocampus, PFC, and serum exosomes. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the differential expression of miRNAs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of stress-induced depression through the MAPK pathway, Wnt pathway, and mTOR pathway. LIMITATIONS The protein expression levels of BDNF, TrkB, and synaptotagmin 1 were measured only in the hippocampus and PFC. The function of the differentially expressed miRNAs was not verified in the animal model, which should be investigated in detail in future studies. CONCLUSIONS The miRNA profile was altered in rats with stress-induced depression, which might be considered a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jing-Xian Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Xing-Xing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Ran Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | | | - An-Qi Du
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Fang Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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9
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Laroche M, Lessard-Beaudoin M, Garcia-Miralles M, Kreidy C, Peachey E, Leavitt BR, Pouladi MA, Graham RK. Early deficits in olfaction are associated with structural and molecular alterations in the olfactory system of a Huntington disease mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:2134-2147. [PMID: 32436947 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction and altered neurogenesis are observed in several neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington disease (HD). These deficits occur early and correlate with a decline in global cognitive performance, depression and structural abnormalities of the olfactory system including the olfactory epithelium, bulb and cortices. However, the role of olfactory system dysfunction in the pathogenesis of HD remains poorly understood and the mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are unknown. We show that deficits in odour identification, discrimination and memory occur in HD individuals. Assessment of the olfactory system in an HD murine model demonstrates structural abnormalities in the olfactory bulb (OB) and piriform cortex, the primary cortical recipient of OB projections. Furthermore, a decrease in piriform neuronal counts and altered expression levels of neuronal nuclei and tyrosine hydroxylase in the OB are observed in the YAC128 HD model. Similar to the human HD condition, olfactory dysfunction is an early phenotype in the YAC128 mice and concurrent with caspase activation in the murine HD OB. These data provide a link between the structural olfactory brain region atrophy and olfactory dysfunction in HD and suggest that cell proliferation and cell death pathways are compromised and may contribute to the olfactory deficits in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laroche
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-IUGS de l'Estrie-CHUS, FMSS, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - M Lessard-Beaudoin
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-IUGS de l'Estrie-CHUS, FMSS, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - M Garcia-Miralles
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138632
| | - C Kreidy
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138632
| | - E Peachey
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - B R Leavitt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138632.,Departments of Medicine and Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077
| | - R K Graham
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-IUGS de l'Estrie-CHUS, FMSS, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
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10
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Models of poststroke depression and assessments of core depressive symptoms in rodents: How to choose? Exp Neurol 2019; 322:113060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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