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Yao N, Li Y, Han J, Wu S, Liu X, Wang Q, Li Z, Shi FD. Microglia-derived CCL20 deteriorates neurogenesis following intraventricular hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114561. [PMID: 37802382 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) commonly occurs as an extension of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) into the brain ventricular system, leading to worse outcomes without effective management. Using a mouse model of IVH, we found that impaired neurogenesis is evident in the subventricular zone (SVZ), along with persistent microglia activation, leukocyte infiltration and cell death. Pharmacological depletion of microglia using PLX3397, an inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), promotes neurogenesis, and alleviated delayed functional impairments in IVH mice. Meanwhile, an elevated level of microglia-derived CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) is observed in the SVZ following IVH, which can induce the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors in microglia and impair the proliferation and survival of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. Blocking CCL20 in microglia leads to downregulation of protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which may contribute to CCL20-dependent pro-inflammatory responses and neural injury. These findings demonstrate a detrimental role of microglia in the neurogenesis and neurorepair after IVH in which CCL20 likely plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinrui Han
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Siting Wu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Wan Y, Holste KG, Ye F, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. Minocycline attenuates hydrocephalus and inhibits iron accumulation, ependymal damage and epiplexus cell activation after intraventricular hemorrhage in aged rats. Exp Neurol 2023; 369:114523. [PMID: 37652293 PMCID: PMC10642526 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage is primarily a disease of the elderly and it is frequently accompanied by intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) which can lead to posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and poor prognosis. Red blood cell iron has been implicated in brain injury after cerebral hemorrhage. The current study examined using T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect periventricular iron deposition after IVH and investigated the effects of minocycline on hydrocephalus in an aged rat IVH model. It had three parts. In part 1, male aged rats received a 200 μl injection of saline or autologous blood into the lateral ventricle and were euthanized at day 14. In parts 2 and 3, aged IVH rats were treated with vehicle or minocycline and euthanized at day 7 or 14. Rats underwent MRI to quantify hydrocephalus and iron deposition followed by brain histology and immunohistochemistry. Periventricular iron overload was found after IVH using T2* MRI and confirmed by histology. IVH also caused ventricular wall damage and increased the number of CD68(+) choroid plexus epiplexus cells. Minocycline administration reduced iron deposition and ventricular volume at days 7 and 14 after IVH, as well as ventricle wall damage and epiplexus cell activation. In summary, IVH-induced hydrocephalus is associated with periventricular iron deposition, ependymal damage and choroid plexus epiplexus cell activation in aged rats. Minocycline attenuated those effects and might be a potential treatment for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Fenghui Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Puglisi CH, Ander BP, Peterson C, Keiter JA, Hull H, Hawk CW, Kalistratova VS, Izadi A, Gurkoff GG, Sharp FR, Waldau B. Sustained ICP Elevation Is a Driver of Spatial Memory Deficits After Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Leads to Activation of Distinct Microglial Signaling Pathways. Transl Stroke Res 2022:10.1007/s12975-022-01061-0. [PMID: 35821378 PMCID: PMC9834439 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of cognitive decline after intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in some patients continue to be poorly understood. Multiple rodent models of intraventricular or subarachnoid hemorrhage have only shown mild or even no cognitive impairment on subsequent behavioral testing. In this study, we show that intraventricular hemorrhage only leads to a significant spatial memory deficit in the Morris water maze if it occurs in the setting of an elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Histopathological analysis of these IVH + ICP animals did not show evidence of neuronal degeneration in the hippocampal formation after 2 weeks but instead showed significant microglial activation measured by lacunarity and fractal dimensions. RNA sequencing of the hippocampus showed distinct enrichment of genes in the IVH + ICP group but not in IVH alone having activated microglial signaling pathways. The most significantly activated signaling pathway was the classical complement pathway, which is used by microglia to remove synapses, followed by activation of the Fc receptor and DAP12 pathways. Thus, our study lays the groundwork for identifying signaling pathways that could be targeted to ameliorate behavioral deficits after IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe H. Puglisi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bradley P. Ander
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3700, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Catherine Peterson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Janet A. Keiter
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Heather Hull
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3700, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Cameron W. Hawk
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Venina S. Kalistratova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ali Izadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Gene G. Gurkoff
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Frank R. Sharp
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3700, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ben Waldau
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Peterson C, Umoye AO, Puglisi CH, Waldau B. Mechanisms of memory impairment in animal models of nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage: A systematic review of the literature. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2021; 3:77-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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