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Jarusintanakorn S, Mastrobattista E, Yamabhai M. Ectoine enhances recombinant antibody production in Chinese hamster ovary cells by promoting cell cycle arrest. N Biotechnol 2024; 83:56-65. [PMID: 38945523 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells represent the most preferential host cell system for therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. Enhancing mAb production in CHO cells can be achieved by adding chemical compounds that regulate the cell cycle and cell survival pathways. This study investigated the impact of ectoine supplementation on mAb production in CHO cells. The results showed that adding ectoine at a concentration of 100 mM on the 3rd day of cultivation improved mAb production by improving cell viability and extending the culture duration. RNA sequencing analysis revealed differentially expressed genes associated with cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, and cellular homeostasis, in particular promotion of cell cycle arrest, which was then confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Ectoine-treated CHO cells exhibited an increase in the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, the cell diameter was also increased. These findings support the hypothesis that ectoine enhances mAb production in CHO cells through mechanisms involving cell cycle arrest and cellular homeostasis. Overall, this study highlights the potential of ectoine as a promising supplementation strategy to enhance mAb production not only in CHO cells but also in other cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinthip Jarusintanakorn
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447, Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rachathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Montarop Yamabhai
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
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2
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Kalkan AK, Palaz F, Sofija S, Elmousa N, Ledezma Y, Cachat E, Rios-Solis L. Improving recombinant protein production in CHO cells using the CRISPR-Cas system. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108115. [PMID: 36758652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are among the most widely used mammalian cell lines in the biopharmaceutical industry. Therefore, it is not surprising that significant efforts have been made around the engineering of CHO cells using genetic engineering methods such as the CRISPR-Cas system. In this review, we summarize key recent studies that have used different CRISPR-Cas systems such as Cas9, Cas13 or dCas9 fused with effector domains to improve recombinant protein (r-protein) production in CHO cells. Here, every relevant stage of production was considered, underscoring the advantages and limitations of these systems, as well as discussing their bottlenecks and probable solutions. A special emphasis was given on how these systems could disrupt and/or regulate genes related to glycan composition, which has relevant effects over r-protein properties and in vivo activity. Furthermore, the related promising future applications of CRISPR to achieve a tunable, reversible, or highly stable editing of CHO cells are discussed. Overall, the studies covered in this review show that despite the complexity of mammalian cells, the synthetic biology community has developed many mature strategies to improve r-protein production using CHO cells. In this regard, CRISPR-Cas technology clearly provides efficient and flexible genetic manipulation and allows for the generation of more productive CHO cell lines, leading to more cost-efficient production of biopharmaceuticals, however, there is still a need for many emerging techniques in CRISPR to be reported in CHO cells; therefore, more research in these cells is needed to realize the full potential of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kerem Kalkan
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Turkey
| | - Fahreddin Palaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Semeniuk Sofija
- Centre for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Nada Elmousa
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Yuri Ledezma
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK; Biology Department, Faculty of Pure and Natural Sciences, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Bolivia
| | - Elise Cachat
- Centre for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Centre for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK; School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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3
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Torres M, Hussain H, Dickson AJ. The secretory pathway - the key for unlocking the potential of Chinese hamster ovary cell factories for manufacturing therapeutic proteins. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:628-645. [PMID: 35465810 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2047004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cell factories (in particular the CHO cell system) have been crucial in the rise of biopharmaceuticals. Mammalian cells have compartmentalized organelles where intricate networks of proteins manufacture highly sophisticated biopharmaceuticals in a specialized production pipeline - the secretory pathway. In the bioproduction context, the secretory pathway functioning is key for the effectiveness of cell factories to manufacture these life-changing medicines. This review describes the molecular components and events involved in the secretory pathway, and provides a comprehensive summary of the intracellular steps limiting the production of therapeutic proteins as well as the achievements in engineering CHO cell secretory machinery. We also consider antibody-producing plasma cells (so called "professional" secretory cells) to explore the mechanisms underpinning their unique secretory function/features. Such understandings offer the potential to further enhancement of the current CHO cell production platforms for manufacturing next generation of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Torres
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hirra Hussain
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alan J Dickson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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4
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Tian J, He Q, Oliveira C, Qian Y, Egan S, Xu J, Qian N, Langsdorf E, Warrack B, Aranibar N, Reily M, Borys M, Li ZJ. Increased MSX level improves biological productivity and production stability in multiple recombinant GS CHO cell lines. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:112-125. [PMID: 32874175 PMCID: PMC7447880 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing cell culture productivity of recombinant proteins via process improvements is the primary focus for research groups within biologics manufacturing. Any recommendations to improve a manufacturing process obviously must be effective, but also be robust, scalable, and with product quality comparable to the original process. In this study, we report that three different GS-/- CHO cell lines developed in media containing a standard concentration of the selection agent methionine sulfoximine (MSX), but then exposed to increased MSX concentrations during seed train expansion, achieved titer increases of 10-19%. This result was observed in processes already considerably optimized. Expanding the cells with a higher MSX concentration improved cell line production stability with increased culture age. Production cultures in 500-L and 1000-L bioreactors replicated laboratory results using 5-L bioreactors, demonstrating process robustness and scalability. Furthermore, product quality attributes of the final drug substance using the higher MSX process were comparable with those from cells expanded in media with the standard selection MSX concentration. Subsequent mechanistic investigations confirmed that the cells were not altered at the genetic level in terms of integration profiles or gene copy number, nor transcriptional levels of glutamine synthetase, heavy chain, or light chain genes. This study provides an effective and applicable strategy to improve the productivity of therapeutic proteins for biologics manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Biologics Process DevelopmentGlobal Product Development and Supply, Bristol‐Myers Squibb CompanyDevensMAUSA
| | - Qin He
- Biologics Process DevelopmentGlobal Product Development and Supply, Bristol‐Myers Squibb CompanyDevensMAUSA
| | - Christopher Oliveira
- Biologics Process DevelopmentGlobal Product Development and Supply, Bristol‐Myers Squibb CompanyDevensMAUSA
| | - Yueming Qian
- Biologics Process DevelopmentGlobal Product Development and Supply, Bristol‐Myers Squibb CompanyDevensMAUSA
| | - Susan Egan
- Biologics Process DevelopmentGlobal Product Development and Supply, Bristol‐Myers Squibb CompanyDevensMAUSA
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Biologics Process DevelopmentGlobal Product Development and Supply, Bristol‐Myers Squibb CompanyDevensMAUSA
| | - Nan‐Xin Qian
- Biologics Process DevelopmentGlobal Product Development and Supply, Bristol‐Myers Squibb CompanyDevensMAUSA
| | - Erik Langsdorf
- Molecular & Cellular ScienceBristol‐Myers Squibb CompanyPrincetonNJUSA
| | - Bethanne Warrack
- Drug Development and Preclinical StudiesBristol‐Myers Squibb CompanyPrincetonNJUSA
| | - Nelly Aranibar
- Drug Development and Preclinical StudiesBristol‐Myers Squibb CompanyPrincetonNJUSA
| | - Michael Reily
- Drug Development and Preclinical StudiesBristol‐Myers Squibb CompanyPrincetonNJUSA
| | - Michael Borys
- Biologics Process DevelopmentGlobal Product Development and Supply, Bristol‐Myers Squibb CompanyDevensMAUSA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process DevelopmentGlobal Product Development and Supply, Bristol‐Myers Squibb CompanyDevensMAUSA
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5
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Marcon BH, Shigunov P, Spangenberg L, Pereira IT, de Aguiar AM, Amorín R, Rebelatto CK, Correa A, Dallagiovanna B. Cell cycle genes are downregulated after adipogenic triggering in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells by regulation of mRNA abundance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5611. [PMID: 30948750 PMCID: PMC6449374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipogenic process is characterized by the expression of adipocyte differentiation markers that lead to changes in cell metabolism and to the accumulation of lipid droplets. Moreover, during early adipogenesis, cells undergo a strong downregulation of translational activity with a decrease in cell size, proliferation and migration. In the present study, we identified that after 24 hours of adipogenic induction, human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) undergo a G1-cell cycle arrest consistent with reduced proliferation, and this effect was correlated with a shift in polysome profile with an enrichment of the monosomal fraction and a reduction of the polysomal fraction. Polysome profiling analysis also revealed that this change in the monosomal/polysomal ratio was related to a strong downregulation of cell cycle and proliferation genes, such as cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Comparing total and polysome-associated mRNA sequencing, we also observed that this downregulation was mostly due to a reduction of cell cycle and proliferation transcripts via control of total mRNA abundance, rather than by translational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna H Marcon
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná. Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Shigunov
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná. Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Lucia Spangenberg
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo. Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Isabela Tiemy Pereira
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná. Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Melo de Aguiar
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná. Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Rocío Amorín
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo. Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Carmen K Rebelatto
- Núcleo de Tecnologia Celular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Correa
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná. Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Dallagiovanna
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná. Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil.
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6
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Mahameed M, Obiedat A, Beck G, Johnson JC, Tirosh B. Low concentrations of cadmium chloride promotes protein translation and improve cell line productivity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:569-580. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahameed
- Institute for Drug ResearchThe School of PharmacyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem Israel
| | - Akram Obiedat
- Institute for Drug ResearchThe School of PharmacyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem Israel
| | - Gad Beck
- Molecular Biology and Fermentation Unit, Valin TechnologiesYavne Israel
| | | | - Boaz Tirosh
- Institute for Drug ResearchThe School of PharmacyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem Israel
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7
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Lu Y, Zhou Q, Han Q, Wu P, Zhang L, Zhu L, Weaver DT, Xu C, Zhang B. Inactivation of deubiquitinase CYLD enhances therapeutic antibody production in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6081-6093. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Polysome profiling of mAb producing CHO cell lines links translational control of cell proliferation and recombinant mRNA loading onto ribosomes with global and recombinant protein synthesis. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Restricting the induction of NGF in ovarian stroma engenders selective follicular activation through the mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2817. [PMID: 28542147 PMCID: PMC5520698 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian ovaries, primordial follicles remain in a quiescent state until activation by the surrounding microenvironment. Ovarian intervention, for example, ovarian cystectomy, ovarian wedge resection or laser drilling therapies for polycystic ovarian syndrome, has long been reported to change follicular development by an unknown mechanism(s). Herein, we established a murine model with partial ovarian resection of one ovary unilaterally, with the contralateral ovary undamaged. We found the injury accelerated follicular activation and development through the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Moreover, the stimulation of primordial follicles was restricted near the incision site where the mTORC1 pathway showed sequential activation beginning at the interstitial cells and proceeding to the primordial follicles. Total and polysome-associated RNA-seq revealed the increase of the nerve growth factor (NGF) family member, in both two fractions and immunostaining showed the restricted induction of NGF near the incision site. In cultured newborn ovaries, NGF demonstrated increase of follicular activation, and moreover, the NGF inhibitor K252a effectively blocked activation of primordial follicles stimulated by the surgery. We liken ovulation in mammals to minor tissue trauma, which happens naturally and cyclically in the body. As the increase in NGF accompanied the accumulation of activated primordial follicles after ovulation, our study may represent a common mechanism for selective follicular activation induced by a localized increase in NGF in interstitial cells and mediated via the mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, the NGF inhibitor K252a and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin constitute good candidates for protecting follicular reserve against over exhaustion after ovarian surgery.
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10
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Fan L, Rizzi G, Bierilo K, Tian J, Yee JC, Russell R, Das TK. Comparative study of therapeutic antibody candidates derived from mini-pool and clonal cell lines. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1456-1462. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianchun Fan
- Cellular Molecular Biology; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Pennington NJ 08534
| | - Giovanni Rizzi
- Cellular Molecular Biology; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Pennington NJ 08534
| | - Kathleen Bierilo
- Cellular Molecular Biology; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Pennington NJ 08534
| | - Jun Tian
- Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Devens MA 01434
| | - Joon Chong Yee
- Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Devens MA 01434
| | - Reb Russell
- Analytical and Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Pennington NJ 08534
| | - Tapan K Das
- Biologics Characterization & Analytical Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Pennington NJ 08534
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11
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Ribosome profiling-guided depletion of an mRNA increases cell growth rate and protein secretion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40388. [PMID: 28091612 PMCID: PMC5238448 DOI: 10.1038/srep40388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein production coopts the host cell machinery to provide high protein yields of industrial enzymes or biotherapeutics. However, since protein translation is energetically expensive and tightly controlled, it is unclear if highly expressed recombinant genes are translated as efficiently as host genes. Furthermore, it is unclear how the high expression impacts global translation. Here, we present the first genome-wide view of protein translation in an IgG-producing CHO cell line, measured with ribosome profiling. Through this we found that our recombinant mRNAs were translated as efficiently as the host cell transcriptome, and sequestered up to 15% of the total ribosome occupancy. During cell culture, changes in recombinant mRNA translation were consistent with changes in transcription, demonstrating that transcript levels influence specific productivity. Using this information, we identified the unnecessary resistance marker NeoR to be a highly transcribed and translated gene. Through siRNA knock-down of NeoR, we improved the production- and growth capacity of the host cell. Thus, ribosomal profiling provides valuable insights into translation in CHO cells and can guide efforts to enhance protein production.
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12
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McVey D, Aronov M, Rizzi G, Cowan A, Scott C, Megill J, Russell R, Tirosh B. CHO cells knocked out for TSC2 display an improved productivity of antibodies under fed batch conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1942-52. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan McVey
- Division of Global Manufacturing and Supply; Bristol Myers Squibb Company; Bloomsbury New Jersey
| | - Michael Aronov
- Institute for Drug Research; The School of Pharmacy; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91120 Israel
| | - Giovanni Rizzi
- Division of Global Manufacturing and Supply; Bristol Myers Squibb Company; Bloomsbury New Jersey
| | - Alexis Cowan
- Division of Global Manufacturing and Supply; Bristol Myers Squibb Company; Bloomsbury New Jersey
| | - Charo Scott
- Division of Global Manufacturing and Supply; Bristol Myers Squibb Company; Bloomsbury New Jersey
| | - John Megill
- Discovery Toxicology; Bristol Myers Squibb Company; Pennington New Jersey
| | - Reb Russell
- Division of Global Manufacturing and Supply; Bristol Myers Squibb Company; Bloomsbury New Jersey
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- Division of Global Manufacturing and Supply; Bristol Myers Squibb Company; Bloomsbury New Jersey
- Institute for Drug Research; The School of Pharmacy; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91120 Israel
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13
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Dadehbeigi N, Dickson AJ. Chemical manipulation of the mTORC1 pathway in industrially relevant CHOK1 cells enhances production of therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1041-50. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Stabilization of cellular mitochondrial enzyme complex and sialyltransferase activity through supplementation of 30Kc19 protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:2155-63. [PMID: 25193421 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, 30Kc19, a lipoprotein in silkworm hemolymph, enhanced productivity and glycosylation by expression of a 30Kc19 gene or supplementation with a recombinant 30Kc19 protein. Additionally, 30Kc19 exhibited enzyme-stabilizing and cell-penetrating abilities in vitro. In this study, we hypothesized that supplemented 30Kc19 penetrated into the cell and enhanced the stability of the cellular enzyme. We investigated this using in vitro and cellular assessments. The activity of sialyltransferase (ST) and isolated mitochondrial complex I/III was enhanced with 30Kc19 in dose-dependent manner while initial reaction rate was unchanged, suggesting that 30Kc19 enhanced enzyme stability rather than specific activity. For intracellular enzyme activity assessment, ST activity inside erythropoietin (EPO)-producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells increased more than 25 % and mitochondrial complex II activity in HeLa cells increased more than 50 % with 30Kc19. The increase in intracellular ST activity resulted in an increase in sialic acid content of glycoproteins produced in CHO cells supplemented with 30Kc19. Similarly, enhanced mitochondrial complex activity increased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production in HeLa cells with 30Kc19 by over 50 %. Because 30Kc19 stabilized intracellular enzymes for glycosylation and enhanced protein productivity with supplementation in the culture medium, we expect that 30Kc19 can be a valuable tool for effective industrial recombinant protein production.
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15
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Dassi E, Quattrone A. Fingerprints of a message: integrating positional information on the transcriptome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:39. [PMID: 25364746 PMCID: PMC4207014 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent explosion of high-throughput sequencing methods applied to RNA molecules is allowing us to go beyond the description of sequence variants and their relative abundances, as measured by RNA-seq. We can now probe for RNA engagement in polysomes, for ribosomes, RNA binding proteins and microRNAs binding sites, for RNA secondary structure and for RNA methylation. These descriptors produce a steadily growing multidimensional array of positional information on RNA sequences, whose effective integration only would bring to decipher the regulatory interplay occurring between proteins, RNAs and their modifications on the transcriptome. This interplay ultimately dictates the degree of mRNA availability to translation, and thus the occurrence of cell phenotypes. However, several issues in data presentation are slowing down effective integration. A standardization effort for new dataset types produced should be urgently undertaken to solve these issues. Providing uniformed experimental details along with datasets processed to be directly usable and employing shared formats would greatly simplify integration efforts, strengthening hypotheses stemming from correlative observations and eventually bringing to mechanistic understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Dassi
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento Trento, Italy
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16
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28S rRNA is inducibly pseudouridylated by the mTOR pathway translational control in CHO cell cultures. J Biotechnol 2014; 174:16-21. [PMID: 24480570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mTOR pathway is a conserved master regulator of translational activity that influences the fate of industrially relevant CHO cell cultures, yet its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Interestingly, rapamycin specific inhibition of the mTOR pathway in CHO cells was found to down-regulate the small nucleolar RNA U19 (snoRNA U19) by 2-fold via translatome profiling. snoRNA U19 guides the two most conserved pseudouridylation modifications on 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) that are important for the biogenesis and proper function of ribosomes. In order to further understand the role of snoRNA U19 as a potential player in the mTOR pathway, we measured 28S rRNA pseudouridylation upon rapamycin treatments and/or snoRNA U19 overexpression conditions, thereby characterizing the subsequent effects on ribosome efficiency and global translation by polysome profiling. We showed that 28S rRNA pseudouridylation was increased by rapamycin treatment and/or overexpression of snoRNA U19, but only the latter condition improved ribosome efficiency toward higher global translation, thus implying that the mTOR pathway induces pseudouridylation at different sites along the 28S rRNA possibly with either positive or negative effects on the cellular phenotype. This discovery of snoRNA U19 as a new downstream effector of the mTOR pathway suggests that cell engineering of snoRNAs can be used to regulate translation and improve cellular growth in CHO cell cultures in the future.
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