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Pirtošek Z, Leta V, Jenner P, Vérin M. Should continuous dopaminergic stimulation be a standard of care in advanced Parkinson's disease? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:1395-1404. [PMID: 37930456 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The standard of care is a term that refers to the level of care, skill, and treatment that a healthcare provider should offer to a patient based on the current scientific evidence and the level of medical knowledge available in the field. For Parkinson's disease (PD), the standard care is mostly considered to be oral treatment with dopaminergic drugs, particularly levodopa which remains the 'gold standard'. However, effective management with levodopa during the later stages of the disease becomes increasingly challenging due to the ongoing neurodegenerative process, the consequences of its pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation, and the gastrointestinal barriers to effective drug absorption. As a result, the concept of applying continuous dopaminergic stimulation has emerged with infusion therapies (continuous subcutaneous apomorphine, levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel, and levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel infusion). These therapies seek to provide continuous stimulation of striatal dopamine receptors that is efficient not only in alleviating clinical symptoms, but also in delaying, reducing, and possibly preventing the onset of levodopa-related motor (fluctuations, dyskinesia) and non-motor complications; and they are also associated with clinically relevant side effects. Clinical studies and real-life experience support the notion that infusion therapies should be accepted as part of the standard of care for patients with advanced PD who have refractory, severe, and disabling motor complications that affect their quality of life. However, they should be considered based on the needs of individualized patients and the access to these advanced therapies needs to be made more accessible to the general PD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Pirtošek
- Department of Neurology University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - V Leta
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto, Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P Jenner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - M Vérin
- Institut Des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Rennes, France
- Behavior and Basal Ganglia Research Unit, CIC-IT INSERM 1414, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Neurology Department, Pontchaillou University Hospital, rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35000, Rennes, France
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Ashraf N. Tailoring Motor Fluctuation Treatment: Beyond Levodopa Dose Adjustment. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10022165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Susan Fox opened this satellite symposium at the 8th European Academy of Neurology (EAN) Congress with an overview of the concept of motor fluctuations (MF) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). She emphasised that levodopa remains the gold standard therapy for PD. However, MFs are one of the critical complications of levodopa therapy that affect many patients with advancing PD and, when diagnosed, represent a challenge in patient management. Alternative options are, therefore, needed to provide continuous dopaminergic stimulation while maximising the levodopa benefit. Despite different options, Angelo Antonini showed that neurologists often prefer to adjust levodopa dose rather than add an adjunctive agent. Market research confirms that, in patients with PD, the levodopa dose is adjusted in around 80% of patients, while only 20% have adjunct therapy as a first-line option. Adjusting the levodopa dose, either by increasing or fractionating the dose, or both, remains a valid, tried-and-tested option, although it has limitations. Joaquim Ferreira presented emerging evidence from a Phase II clinical trial, suggesting a potential benefit of adding opicapone 50 mg compared with 100 mg levodopa to treat patients with PD and end-of-dose fluctuations. This symposium aimed to present the effect of opicapone with relatively low total daily doses of levodopa; an option that may not have been traditionally considered by neurologists who are used to adjusting levodopa as a first-line response.
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Wu C, Guo H, Xu Y, Li L, Li X, Tang C, Chen D, Zhu M. The Comparative Efficacy of Non-ergot Dopamine Agonist and Potential Risk Factors for Motor Complications and Side Effects From NEDA Use in Early Parkinson's Disease: Evidence From Clinical Trials. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:831884. [PMID: 35527736 PMCID: PMC9074827 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.831884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Non-ergot dopamine agonist (NEDA) are recommended as the first-line treatment for patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD) because of their efficacy in treating PD motor symptoms. However, systematic evaluations of the risk of motor complications induced by NEDA and risk factors potentially associated with motor complications are still lacking. Methods Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched for potentially eligible randomized controlled trials. The incidence of motor complications (dyskinesia, motor fluctuations), impulsive-compulsive behaviors and adverse events and clinical disability rating scale (UPDRS) scores were evaluated using standard meta-analytic methods. Metaregression was conducted on the incidence of motor complications (dyskinesia) with treatment duration and NEDA dose as covariates. Results Patients treated with NEDA had significantly lower UPDRS total scores, motor scores and activity of daily living (ADL) scores than those receiving a placebo (weighted mean difference (WMD) −4.81, 95% CI −6.57 to −3.05; WMD −4.901, 95% CI −7.03 to −2.77; WMD −1.52, 95% CI −2.19 to −0.84, respectively). Patients in the NEDA and NEDA+open Levodopa (LD) groups had lower odds for dyskinesia than patients in the LD group (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.15–0.29; OR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.24–0.42, respectively). Metaregressions indicated that the mean LD dose of the NEDA group increased, and the odds of developing dyskinesia increased (p = 0.012). However, the odds of developing dyskinesia in the NEDA group were not related to treatment duration (p = 0.308). PD patients treated with NEDA or NEDA+open LD had a lower risk of wearing-off implications than those treated with LD (all p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the NEDA and placebo groups in impulsive-compulsive behavior development (p > 0.05). Patients in the NEDA group were more likely to suffer somnolence, edema, constipation, dizziness, hallucinations, nausea and vomiting than those in the placebo or LD group. Conclusion NEDA therapy reduces motor symptoms and improves ADLs in early PD. The odds of developing motor complications were lower with NEDA than with LD, and dyskinesia increased with increasing LD equivalent dose and was not influenced by NEDA treatment duration. Therefore, long-term treatment with an appropriate dosage of NEDA might be more suitable than LD for early PD patients. Registration PROSPERO CRD42021287172.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongji Guo
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingshan Xu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luping Li
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Dongfeng Chen
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Meiling Zhu
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Safar MM, Abdelkader NF, Ramadan E, Kortam MA, Mohamed AF. Novel mechanistic insights towards the repositioning of alogliptin in Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 2021; 287:120132. [PMID: 34774622 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that impairs people's lives tremendously. The development of innovative treatment modalities for PD is a significant unmet medical need. The critical function of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in neurodegenerative diseases has raised impetus in investigating the repositioning of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, alogliptin (ALO), as an effective treatment for PD. As a result, the focus of this research was to assess the effect of ALO in a rat rotenone (ROT) model of PD. For 21 days, ROT (1.5 mg/kg) was delivered subcutaneously every other day. ALO (30 mg/kg/day), delivered by gavage for 21 days, recovered motor performance and improved motor coordination in the open-field and rotarod testing. These impacts were highlighted by restoring striatal dopamine content and correcting histological changes that occurred concurrently. The ALO molecular signaling was determined by increasing the quantity of GLP-1 and the protein expression of its downstream signaling pathway, pT172-AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α. Furthermore, it curbed neuroinflammation via hampering HMGB1/TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and conquered striatal microglia activation. Pre-administration of dorsomorphin reversed the neuroprotective effects. In conclusion, the promising neuroprotective effect of ALO highlights the repositioning of ALO as a prospective revolutionary candidate for combating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Safar
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, the British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman Ramadan
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, the British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A Kortam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Metta V, Batzu L, Leta V, Trivedi D, Powdleska A, Mridula KR, Kukle P, Goyal V, Borgohain R, Chung-Faye G, Chaudhuri KR. Parkinson's Disease: Personalized Pathway of Care for Device-Aided Therapies (DAT) and the Role of Continuous Objective Monitoring (COM) Using Wearable Sensors. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070680. [PMID: 34357147 PMCID: PMC8305099 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurological disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative condition. Advanced PD is complicated by erratic gastric absorption, delayed gastric emptying in turn causing medication overload, and hence the emergence of motor and non-motor fluctuations and dyskinesia, which is initially predictable and then becomes unpredictable. As the patient progresses to the advanced stage, advanced Parkinson’s disease (APD) is characterized by refractory motor and non motor fluctuations, unpredictable OFF periods, and troublesome dyskinesias. The management of APD is a complex affair. There is growing recognition that GI dysfunction is common in PD, with virtually the entire GI system (the upper and lower GI tracts) causing problems from dribbling to defecation. The management of PD should focus on personalized care addressing both motor and non-motor symptoms, ideally including not only dopamine replacement but also associated non-dopaminergic circuits, particularly focusing on noradrenergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic therapies bypassing the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by infusion or device-aided therapies (DAT), including levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel infusion, apomorphine subcutaneous infusion, and deep brain stimulation, which are available in many countries for the management of the advanced stage of Parkinson’s disease (APD). The PKG (KinetiGrap) can be used as a continuous objective monitoring (COM) aid, as a screening tool to help to identify advanced PD (APD) patients suitable for DAT, and can thus improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Metta
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (L.B.); (V.L.); (D.T.); (A.P.); (G.C.-F.); (K.R.C.)
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucia Batzu
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (L.B.); (V.L.); (D.T.); (A.P.); (G.C.-F.); (K.R.C.)
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Valentina Leta
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (L.B.); (V.L.); (D.T.); (A.P.); (G.C.-F.); (K.R.C.)
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Dhaval Trivedi
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (L.B.); (V.L.); (D.T.); (A.P.); (G.C.-F.); (K.R.C.)
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Aleksandra Powdleska
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (L.B.); (V.L.); (D.T.); (A.P.); (G.C.-F.); (K.R.C.)
| | | | | | - Vinay Goyal
- Medanta Institute of Neurosciences, New Delhi 122001, India;
| | - Rupam Borgohain
- Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500082, India; (K.R.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Guy Chung-Faye
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (L.B.); (V.L.); (D.T.); (A.P.); (G.C.-F.); (K.R.C.)
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - K. Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (L.B.); (V.L.); (D.T.); (A.P.); (G.C.-F.); (K.R.C.)
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
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Chung SJ, Yoo HS, Lee HS, Lee YH, Baik K, Jung JH, Ye BS, Sohn YH, Lee PH. Baseline cognitive profile is closely associated with long-term motor prognosis in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2021; 268:4203-4212. [PMID: 33942161 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between cognitive function at baseline and the progression of motor disability in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS We consecutively enrolled 257 drug-naïve patients with early-stage PD (follow-up > 2 years) who underwent a detailed neuropsychological test at initial assessment. Factor analysis was conducted to yield four cognitive function factors and composite scores thereof: Factor 1 (visual memory/visuospatial), Factor 2 (verbal memory), Factor 3 (frontal/executive), and Factor 4 (attention/working memory/language). The global cognitive composite score of each patient was calculated based on these factors. Subsequently, we assessed the effect of baseline cognitive function on long-term motor outcomes, namely levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), wearing-off, freezing of gait (FOG), and rate of longitudinal increases in levodopa-equivalent dose (LED). RESULTS Cox regression analysis demonstrated that higher Factor 3 (frontal/executive) composite scores (i.e., better cognitive performance) were associated with early development of LID [hazard ratio (HR), 1.507; p = 0.003], whereas higher Factor 1 (visual memory/visuospatial) composite scores (i.e., better cognitive performance) were associated with a lower risk for FOG (HR 0.683; p = 0.017). We noted that higher global cognitive composite scores were associated with a lower risk for developing FOG (HR 0.455; p = 0.045). The linear mixed model demonstrated that higher global cognitive composite scores and better cognitive performance in visual memory/visuospatial function were associated with slower longitudinal increases in LED. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that baseline cognitive profiles have prognostic implications on several motor aspects in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - KyoungWon Baik
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Chung SJ, Yoo HS, Shin NY, Park YW, Lee HS, Hong JM, Kim YJ, Lee SK, Lee PH, Sohn YH. Perivascular Spaces in the Basal Ganglia and Long-term Motor Prognosis in Newly Diagnosed Parkinson Disease. Neurology 2021; 96:e2121-e2131. [PMID: 33653906 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) in the basal ganglia (BG-PVS) and long-term motor outcomes in Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 248 patients with drug-naive early-stage PD (follow-up >3 years, mean age 67.44 ± 8.46 years, 130 female) who underwent brain MRI and dopamine transporter (DAT) scans at initial assessment. The number of baseline enlarged BG-PVS was counted on axial T2-weighted images. Then, patients were divided into 2 groups: a PD group with a low number (0-10) of enlarged PVS (PD-EPVS-; n = 156) and a PD group with a high number (>10) of enlarged PVS (PD-EPVS+; n = 92). We used Cox regression models to compare the levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID)-, wearing-off-, and freezing of gait (FOG)-free times between groups. We also compared longitudinal increases in levodopa-equivalent dose per body weight between groups using a linear mixed model. RESULTS Patients in the PD-EPVS+ group were older (72.28 ± 6.07 years) and had greater small vessel disease burden than those in the PD-EPVS- group (64.58 ± 8.38 years). The PD-EPVS+ group exhibited more severely decreased DAT availability in all striatal subregions except the ventral striatum. The risk of FOG was higher in the PD-EPVS+ group, but the risk of LID or wearing-off was comparable between groups. The PD-EPVS+ group required higher doses of dopaminergic medications for effective symptom control compared to the PD-EPVS- group. CONCLUSION This study suggests that baseline enlarged BG-PVS can be an indicator of the progression of motor disability in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jong Chung
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.J.C., H.S.Y., J.-M.H., Y.J.K., P.H.L., Y.H.S.) and Radiology (Y.W.P., S.-K.L.) and Biostatistics Collaboration Unit (H.S.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (S.J.C., J.-M.H., Y.J.K.), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin; and Department of Radiology (N.-Y.S.), Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.J.C., H.S.Y., J.-M.H., Y.J.K., P.H.L., Y.H.S.) and Radiology (Y.W.P., S.-K.L.) and Biostatistics Collaboration Unit (H.S.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (S.J.C., J.-M.H., Y.J.K.), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin; and Department of Radiology (N.-Y.S.), Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na-Young Shin
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.J.C., H.S.Y., J.-M.H., Y.J.K., P.H.L., Y.H.S.) and Radiology (Y.W.P., S.-K.L.) and Biostatistics Collaboration Unit (H.S.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (S.J.C., J.-M.H., Y.J.K.), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin; and Department of Radiology (N.-Y.S.), Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yae Won Park
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.J.C., H.S.Y., J.-M.H., Y.J.K., P.H.L., Y.H.S.) and Radiology (Y.W.P., S.-K.L.) and Biostatistics Collaboration Unit (H.S.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (S.J.C., J.-M.H., Y.J.K.), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin; and Department of Radiology (N.-Y.S.), Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.J.C., H.S.Y., J.-M.H., Y.J.K., P.H.L., Y.H.S.) and Radiology (Y.W.P., S.-K.L.) and Biostatistics Collaboration Unit (H.S.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (S.J.C., J.-M.H., Y.J.K.), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin; and Department of Radiology (N.-Y.S.), Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Man Hong
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.J.C., H.S.Y., J.-M.H., Y.J.K., P.H.L., Y.H.S.) and Radiology (Y.W.P., S.-K.L.) and Biostatistics Collaboration Unit (H.S.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (S.J.C., J.-M.H., Y.J.K.), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin; and Department of Radiology (N.-Y.S.), Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.J.C., H.S.Y., J.-M.H., Y.J.K., P.H.L., Y.H.S.) and Radiology (Y.W.P., S.-K.L.) and Biostatistics Collaboration Unit (H.S.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (S.J.C., J.-M.H., Y.J.K.), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin; and Department of Radiology (N.-Y.S.), Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Koo Lee
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.J.C., H.S.Y., J.-M.H., Y.J.K., P.H.L., Y.H.S.) and Radiology (Y.W.P., S.-K.L.) and Biostatistics Collaboration Unit (H.S.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (S.J.C., J.-M.H., Y.J.K.), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin; and Department of Radiology (N.-Y.S.), Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.J.C., H.S.Y., J.-M.H., Y.J.K., P.H.L., Y.H.S.) and Radiology (Y.W.P., S.-K.L.) and Biostatistics Collaboration Unit (H.S.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (S.J.C., J.-M.H., Y.J.K.), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin; and Department of Radiology (N.-Y.S.), Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.J.C., H.S.Y., J.-M.H., Y.J.K., P.H.L., Y.H.S.) and Radiology (Y.W.P., S.-K.L.) and Biostatistics Collaboration Unit (H.S.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (S.J.C., J.-M.H., Y.J.K.), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin; and Department of Radiology (N.-Y.S.), Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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Raeder V, Boura I, Leta V, Jenner P, Reichmann H, Trenkwalder C, Klingelhoefer L, Chaudhuri KR. Rotigotine Transdermal Patch for Motor and Non-motor Parkinson's Disease: A Review of 12 Years' Clinical Experience. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:215-231. [PMID: 33559846 PMCID: PMC7871129 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS) have a substantial effect on the health-related quality of life (QoL) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Transdermal therapy has emerged as a time-tested practical treatment option, and the rotigotine patch has been used worldwide as an alternative to conventional oral treatment for PD. The efficacy of rotigotine on motor aspects of PD, as well as its safety and tolerability profile, are well-established, whereas its effects on a wide range of NMS have been described and studied but are not widely appreciated. In this review, we present our overall experience with rotigotine and its tolerability and make recommendations for its use in PD and restless legs syndrome, with a specific focus on NMS, underpinned by level 1-4 evidence. We believe that the effective use of the rotigotine transdermal patch can address motor symptoms and a wide range of NMS, improving health-related QoL for patients with PD. More specifically, the positive effects of rotigotine on non-motor fluctuations are also relevant. We also discuss the additional advantages of the transdermal application of rotigotine when oral therapy cannot be used, for instance in acute medical emergencies or nil-by-mouth or pre/post-surgical scenarios. We highlight evidence to support the use of rotigotine in selected cases (in addition to general use for motor benefit) in the context of personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Raeder
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Iro Boura
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Valentina Leta
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Peter Jenner
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heinz Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Paracelsus-Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Urso D, Chaudhuri KR, Qamar MA, Jenner P. Improving the Delivery of Levodopa in Parkinson's Disease: A Review of Approved and Emerging Therapies. CNS Drugs 2020; 34:1149-1163. [PMID: 33146817 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Levodopa is the most effective drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, but its use as an oral medication is complicated by its erratic absorption, extensive metabolism and short plasma half-life. On long-term use and with disease progression, there is a high incidence of motor and non-motor complications, which remain a major clinical and research challenge. It is widely accepted that levodopa needs to be administered using formulations that result in good and consistent bioavailability and the physiologically relevant and continuous formation of dopamine in the brain to maximise its efficacy while avoiding and reversing 'wearing off' and dyskinesia. However, the physicochemical properties of levodopa along with its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile make it difficult to deliver the drug in a manner that fulfils these criteria. In this review, we examine the problems associated with the administration of levodopa in Parkinson's disease and how the use of novel technologies and delivery devices is leading to a more consistent and sustained levodopa delivery with the aim of controlling motor function as well as non-motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Urso
- Department of Neurosciences, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK. .,Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Neurosciences, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Mubasher A Qamar
- Department of Neurosciences, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Peter Jenner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London, UK
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Chung SJ, Lee HS, Yoo HS, Lee YH, Lee PH, Sohn YH. Patterns of striatal dopamine depletion in early Parkinson disease. Neurology 2020; 95:e280-e290. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate whether the patterns of striatal dopamine depletion on dopamine transporter (DAT) scans could provide information on the long-term prognosis in Parkinson disease (PD).MethodsWe enrolled 205 drug-naive patients with early-stage PD, who underwent18F-FP-CIT PET scans at initial assessment and received PD medications for 3 or more years. After quantifying the DAT availability in each striatal subregion, factor analysis was conducted to simplify the identification of striatal dopamine depletion patterns and to yield 4 striatal subregion factors. We assessed the effect of these factors on the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), wearing-off, freezing of gait (FOG), and dementia during the follow-up period (6.84 ± 1.80 years).ResultsThe 4 factors indicated which striatal subregions were relatively preserved: factor 1 (caudate), factor 2 (more-affected sensorimotor striatum), factor 3 (less-affected sensorimotor striatum), and factor 4 (anterior putamen). Cox regression analyses using the composite scores of these striatal subregion factors as covariates demonstrated that selective dopamine depletion in the sensorimotor striatum was associated with a higher risk for developing LID. Selective dopamine loss in the putamen, particularly in the anterior putamen, was associated with early development of wearing-off. Selective involvement of the anterior putamen was associated with a higher risk for dementia conversion. However, the patterns of striatal dopamine depletion did not affect the risk of FOG.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that the patterns of striatal dopaminergic denervation, which were estimated by the equation derived from the factor analysis, have a prognostic implication in patients with early-stage PD.
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11
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Ahlers-Dannen KE, Spicer MM, Fisher RA. RGS Proteins as Critical Regulators of Motor Function and Their Implications in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:730-738. [PMID: 32015009 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.118836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a devastating, largely nonfamilial, age-related disorder caused by the progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Release of DA from these neurons into the dorsal striatum is crucial for regulating movement and their loss causes PD. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying SNc neurodegeneration remain unclear, and currently there is no cure for PD, only symptomatic treatments. Recently, several regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins have emerged as critical modulators of PD pathogenesis and/or motor dysfunction and dyskinesia: RGSs 4, 6, 9, and 10. Striatal RGS4 has been shown to exacerbate motor symptoms of DA loss by suppressing M4-autoreceptor-Gα i/o signaling in striatal cholinergic interneurons. RGS6 and RGS9 are key regulators of D2R-Gα i/o signaling in SNc DA neurons and striatal medium spiny neurons, respectively. RGS6, expressed in human and mouse SNc DA neurons, suppresses characteristic PD hallmarks in aged mice, including SNc DA neuron loss, motor deficits, and α-synuclein accumulation. After DA depletion, RGS9 (through its inhibition of medium spiny neuron D2R signaling) suppresses motor dysfunction induced by L-DOPA or D2R-selective agonists. RGS10 is highly expressed in microglia, the brain's resident immune cells. Within the SNc, RGS10 may promote DA neuron survival through the upregulation of prosurvival genes and inhibition of microglial inflammatory factor expression. Thus, RGSs 4, 6, 9, and 10 are critical modulators of cell signaling pathways that promote SNc DA neuron survival and/or proper motor control. Accordingly, these RGS proteins represent novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD pathology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Parkinson disease (PD), the most common movement disorder, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopamine (DA) neuron loss and subsequent motor deficits. Current PD therapies only target disease motor symptomology and are fraught with side effects. Therefore, researchers have begun to explore alternative therapeutic options. Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, whether primarily expressed in SNc DA neurons (RGS6), striatal neurons (RGSs 4 and 9), or microglia (RGS10), modulate key signaling pathways important for SNc DA neuron survival and/or proper motor control. As such, RGS proteins represent novel therapeutic targets in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelin E Ahlers-Dannen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology (K.E.A.-D., M.M.S., R.A.F.), Iowa Neuroscience Institute (R.A.F.), and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine (M.M.S., R.A.F.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mackenzie M Spicer
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology (K.E.A.-D., M.M.S., R.A.F.), Iowa Neuroscience Institute (R.A.F.), and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine (M.M.S., R.A.F.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Rory A Fisher
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology (K.E.A.-D., M.M.S., R.A.F.), Iowa Neuroscience Institute (R.A.F.), and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine (M.M.S., R.A.F.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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12
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Metta V, Borgohain R, L Kukkle P, Mridula R, Agarwal P, Kishore A, Goyal V, Chaudhuri R. Subcutaneous apomorphine in advanced Parkinson’s disease and its use in Indian population. ANNALS OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/aomd.aomd_16_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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The Use of Data from the Parkinson's KinetiGraph to Identify Potential Candidates for Device Assisted Therapies. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19102241. [PMID: 31096576 PMCID: PMC6568025 DOI: 10.3390/s19102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Device-assisted therapies (DAT) benefit people with Parkinsons Disease (PwP) but many referrals for DAT are unsuitable or too late, and a screening tool to aid in identifying candidates would be helpful. This study aimed to produce such a screening tool by building a classifier that models specialist identification of suitable DAT candidates. To our knowledge, this is the first objective decision tool for managing DAT referral. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a construction set (n = 112, to train, develop, cross validate, and then evaluate the classifier’s performance) or to a test set (n = 60 to test the fully specified classifier), resulting in a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 86.6%, respectively. The classifier’s performance was then assessed in PwP who underwent deep brain stimulation (n = 31), were managed in a non-specialist clinic (n = 81) or in PwP in the first five years from diagnosis (n = 22). The classifier identified 87%, 92%, and 100% of the candidates referred for DAT in each of the above clinical settings, respectively. Furthermore, the classifier score changed appropriately when therapeutic intervention resolved troublesome fluctuations or dyskinesia that would otherwise have required DAT. This study suggests that information from objective measurement could improve timely referral for DAT.
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14
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Dragašević-Mišković N, Petrović I, Stanković I, Kostić VS. Chemical management of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 20:219-230. [PMID: 30411647 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1543407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) appears in more than 50% of Parkinson's disease patients after 5 years of treatment and clinicians always have to ensure that there is a balance between the beneficial effect of the treatment and the potential complications. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss the treatment of LID. Treatment can be divided into strategies for preventing their occurrence, modification of dopaminergic therapy, and providing more continuous dopaminergic stimulation as well as the use of nondopaminergic drugs. EXPERT OPINION Amantadine is currently considered the most effective drug for the treatment of LID. Several compounds developed to target adenosine, adrenergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic receptors have shown to significantly decrease dyskinesias in animal models. However, despite promising preclinical results, translation to clinical practice remains challenging and majority of these compounds failed to decrease LID in randomized controlled trials with moderate-to-advanced parkinsonian patients. Despite promising results with nondopaminergic drugs, treatment of dyskinesias is still challenging and largely due to their side effects. Future research should focus on developing treatments that can provide continuous dopaminergic delivery throughout the day in a noninvasive manner. Studies on the impact of the early administration of long-acting formulations of levo-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine on dyskinesias are also necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Petrović
- a Neurology Clinic, CCS, School of Medicine , Universtiy of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Iva Stanković
- a Neurology Clinic, CCS, School of Medicine , Universtiy of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Vladimir S Kostić
- a Neurology Clinic, CCS, School of Medicine , Universtiy of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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15
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16
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Tsunekawa H, Takahata K, Okano M, Ishikawa T, Satoyoshi H, Nishimura T, Hoshino N, Muraoka S. Selegiline increases on time without exacerbation of dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats displaying l-Dopa-induced wearing-off and abnormal involuntary movements. Behav Brain Res 2018. [PMID: 29526790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (l-Dopa) remains the most effective drug for treating the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its long-term use is limited due to motor complications such as wearing-off and dyskinesia. A clinical study in PD patients with motor complications has demonstrated that selegiline, a monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor, is effective in reducing off time without worsening dyskinesia, although another study has shown worsening dyskinesia. Here, using unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats showing degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and l-Dopa-induced motor complications, we determined the efficacy of selegiline in controlling l-Dopa-induced motor fluctuations and exacerbated dyskinesia. Repeated administration of l-Dopa/benserazide (25/6.25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, twice daily for 22 days) progressively shortened rotational response duration (on time) and augmented peak rotation in lesioned rats. Single subcutaneous injection of selegiline (10 mg/kg) extended l-Dopa-induced shortened on time without augmenting peak rotation. Furthermore, l-Dopa/benserazide (25/6.25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, once daily for 7 days) progressively increased abnormal involuntary movements (l-Dopa-induced dyskinesia, LID) and peak rotation. Single subcutaneous injection of selegiline (10 mg/kg) did not exacerbate LID or alter mRNA expression of prodynorphin (PDy) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc), both mRNAs associated with LID in the lesioned striatum. Despite undetectable plasma concentrations of selegiline and its metabolites at 24 h post-administration, these on time and LID effects did not decrease, suggesting involvement of irreversible mechanisms. Altogether, these results indicate that selegiline is effective in increasing on time without worsening dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Tsunekawa
- Department of Scientific Research, Fujimoto Pharmaceutical Corporation, 1-3-40 Nishiotsuka, Matsubara, Osaka 580-8503, Japan
| | - Kazue Takahata
- Department of Scientific Research, Fujimoto Pharmaceutical Corporation, 1-3-40 Nishiotsuka, Matsubara, Osaka 580-8503, Japan.
| | - Motoki Okano
- Department of Scientific Research, Fujimoto Pharmaceutical Corporation, 1-3-40 Nishiotsuka, Matsubara, Osaka 580-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiko Ishikawa
- Department of Scientific Research, Fujimoto Pharmaceutical Corporation, 1-3-40 Nishiotsuka, Matsubara, Osaka 580-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Satoyoshi
- Department of Scientific Research, Fujimoto Pharmaceutical Corporation, 1-3-40 Nishiotsuka, Matsubara, Osaka 580-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nishimura
- Department of Scientific Research, Fujimoto Pharmaceutical Corporation, 1-3-40 Nishiotsuka, Matsubara, Osaka 580-8503, Japan
| | - Naoya Hoshino
- Department of Scientific Research, Fujimoto Pharmaceutical Corporation, 1-3-40 Nishiotsuka, Matsubara, Osaka 580-8503, Japan
| | - Shizuko Muraoka
- Department of Scientific Research, Fujimoto Pharmaceutical Corporation, 1-3-40 Nishiotsuka, Matsubara, Osaka 580-8503, Japan
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Hedya SA, Safar MM, Bahgat AK. Cilostazol Mediated Nurr1 and Autophagy Enhancement: Neuroprotective Activity in Rat Rotenone PD Model. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7579-7587. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Nomoto M, Iwaki H, Kondo H, Sakurai M. Efficacy and safety of rotigotine in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease in comparison with the non-elderly: a post hoc analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. J Neurol 2017; 265:253-265. [PMID: 29164312 PMCID: PMC5808069 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Rotigotine—a non-ergot dopamine agonist—has two advantages; it can stimulate all dopamine receptors (D1–D5) like innate dopamine, and its transdermal administration provides continuous dopaminergic stimulation. The age of the patient impacts the effect and adverse events of anti-parkinsonian treatment. We conducted a post hoc analysis on three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials performed in Japan to clarify the difference of anti-parkinsonian treatment in elderly and non-elderly patients. Data from two combination therapy trials (with levodopa) in advanced stage Parkinson’s disease patients and one monotherapy trial in early stage patients were pooled and grouped by age (non-elderly aged < 70, elderly aged 70 +). In each age group, efficacy of rotigotine was compared to placebo. In the combination therapy, total Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III scores and some subtotal scores, including those for tremor, akinesia and gait disturbance, significantly improved in both elderly and non-elderly patients. Regarding safety, the incidence of total adverse event tended to be lower in elderly patients than non-elderly patients, although it was not significant. No difference was observed in maintenance dosage of rotigotine between the two groups. In conclusion, the improvement in motor symptoms and frequency of adverse events were shown to be similar in elderly and non-elderly patients with rotigotine–levodopa combination therapy. Further, there was no major difference in maintenance dosage of rotigotine between the age groups. These results suggest good tolerability of rotigotine among elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nomoto
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kondo
- Department of Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Sakurai
- Department of Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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Cai G, Huang Y, Luo S, Lin Z, Dai H, Ye Q. Continuous quantitative monitoring of physical activity in Parkinson's disease patients by using wearable devices: a case-control study. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:1657-1663. [PMID: 28660562 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of using wearable devices to quantitatively measure the daily activity in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to monitor medication-induced motor fluctuations. In this case-controlled study, we used monitored daily movement function in 21 patients with Parkinson's disease and 20 healthy volunteers. We analyzed the exercise types and sleep duration in the two groups and evaluated the correlation between daily movement function and age, gender, education, disease duration, Hohn-Yahr stage, UPDRS-II score, UPDRS-III score, and levodopa dose. We also determined the amount of exercise performed by PD patients at 1 h after taking levodopa and at 1 h before the next dose. The type of activity, average speed, and sleep duration in patients were significantly lower in PD patients than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). One hour after taking levodopa, patients were significantly more active than 1 h before the next dose (P < 0.05).Correlation analysis showed that age, gender, education, disease duration, Hohn-Yahr stage, UPDRS-II and UPDRS-III scores, and dosage of levodopa do not correlate with the daily movement function (P > 0.05) in patients with Parkinson's disease. In the control group, age and education were associated with daily movement function (P < 0.05), while gender was unrelated (P > 0.05). Continuous monitoring of daily activity may be useful to reveal medication-induced motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. The daily movement function may depend on age and education, but not on other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, China
| | - Shan Luo
- Longyan First Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China
| | - Zhirong Lin
- Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362200, China
| | - Houde Dai
- Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362200, China
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
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Abstract
Two hundred years after his seminal publication on the ‘shaking palsy’, what would James Parkinson now make of progress achieved in understanding and treating the disease that bears his name?
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21
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LSVT-BIG Improves UPDRS III Scores at 4 Weeks in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with Wearing Off: A Prospective, Open-Label Study. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2017; 2017:8130140. [PMID: 28255499 PMCID: PMC5309427 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8130140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of LSVT-BIG for advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with wearing off remains to be determined. Therefore, we evaluated whether LSVT-BIG improves motor disability in eight PD patients with wearing off. Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores, daily off time, and mobility assessments were evaluated during the “on” time before and after the LSVT-BIG course. LSVT-BIG significantly improved UPDRS III scores at 4 weeks and UPDRS II scores in the “off” state at 12 weeks, with no changes in the other measures. The findings suggest that LSVT-BIG may be an effective therapy for advanced PD patients with wearing off.
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Jenner P, Katzenschlager R. Apomorphine - pharmacological properties and clinical trials in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 33 Suppl 1:S13-S21. [PMID: 27979722 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Apomorphine is often considered an archetypal dopamine agonist used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it can be clearly differentiated from most other commonly used dopamine agonists on the basis of its pharmacology and on its unique clinical profile. Like levodopa and dopamine, apomorphine acts as a potent, direct and broad spectrum dopamine agonist activating all dopamine receptor subtypes. It also has affinity for serotonin receptors, and α-adrenergic receptors. Apomorphine is usually titrated to a dose that provides an equivalent antiparkinsonian response to that provided by levodopa, and its subcutaneous delivery allows a rapid onset of action, usually within 7-10 min. The mode of apomorphine delivery impacts on its clinical profile so as to provide two very different approaches to therapy in PD. When administered as an acute subcutaneous injection, it induces reliable and rapid relief from OFF periods underscoring its utility as a rescue medication. When given as a subcutaneous infusion, it significantly improves overall daily OFF time and there is also evidence to suggest that, in those patients who replace most or all of their oral drugs with apomorphine infusion, dyskinesia may also improve. In this paper, we review the rich pharmacology of apomorphine and review its efficacy in PD based on data from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jenner
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Regina Katzenschlager
- Department of Neurology and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Danube Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
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Timpka J, Henriksen T, Odin P. Non-oral Continuous Drug Delivery Techniques in Parkinson's Disease: For Whom, When, and How? Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016; 3:221-229. [PMID: 30363573 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous dopaminergic stimulation (CDS) has become one of the main concepts in present Parkinson's disease (PD) research. This is based on the assumption that CDS, or rather near CDS, is the normal striatal setting in a healthy individual. In PD, the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons leads to a reduced capacity to buffer dopamine, which could increase the vulnerability to a pulsatile administration of drugs. The term continuous drug delivery (CDD) describes the process of delivering drugs continuously with the aim of achieving CDS. There are three principal techniques for non-oral CDD: continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion CSAi), levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel infusion (LCIGi), and transdermal rotigotine therapy. CDD has repeatedly been shown effective in the day-to-day treatment of PD patients. Although this review does not replace local guidelines regarding the use of the included non-oral CDD-based therapies, we have compiled the current base of evidence or consensus view with the intention of facilitating both the selection and the use in a clinical setting. The indications for CSAi and LCIGi are very similar and are centered around motor complications in advanced PD, whereas rotigotine has been proven effective both as a monotherapy in early PD and as an add-on to levodopa in advanced PD. Deep-brain stimulation is a relevant option for many of the patients with advanced PD, and we therefore also discuss its use in relation to the CDD-based techniques. Blinded and controlled trials have shown that non-oral CDD is an effective approach for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Timpka
- Department of Clinical Sciences Neurology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Tove Henriksen
- Department of Neurology University Hospital of Bispebjerg Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Per Odin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Neurology Lund University Lund Sweden.,Department of Neurology Central Hospital Bremerhaven Germany
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The Efficacy Profile of Rotigotine During the Waking Hours in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis. Clin Neuropharmacol 2016; 39:88-93. [PMID: 26882318 PMCID: PMC4791317 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of rotigotine maintains stable plasma concentrations for 24 hours. Three phase 3 studies of rotigotine as add-on to levodopa in advanced Parkinson's disease showed a significant reduction in “off” time from baseline to end of maintenance (EoM). However, detailed analyses over the range of a day have not yet been performed. The objective was to examine the time course of the efficacy profile of rotigotine throughout the day.
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Atlas D. DopAmide: Novel, Water-Soluble, Slow-Release l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) Precursor Moderates l-DOPA Conversion to Dopamine and Generates a Sustained Level of Dopamine at Dopaminergic Neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:461-7. [PMID: 26861609 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with motor complications known as l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LID) and on/off fluctuations, which are linked to unsteady pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation. AIM The objective of this study was to improve l-DOPA treatment by slowing and stabilizing dopamine (DA) production in the brain and increasing water solubility to provide a rescue therapy for PD. RESULTS We synthesized l-DOPA-amide, a novel l-DOPA precursor called DopAmide. DopAmide is water soluble and, as a prodrug, requires hydrolysis prior to decarboxylation by the aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28; AAAD). In the 6-OH-dopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats, DopAmide maintained steady rotations for up to 4 h compared with 2 h by l-DOPA, suggesting that this rate-limiting step generated a sustained level of DA at dopaminergic neurons. Pharmacokinetic studies showed elimination half-life of l-DOPA in the plasma after DopAmide treatment of t1/2 = 4.1 h, significantly longer than t1/2 = 2.9 h after treatment with l-DOPA, consistent with the 6-OHDA results. CONCLUSIONS The slow conversion of DopAmide to l-DOPA provides a sustained level of DA in the dopaminergic cells, shown by the long 6-OHDA steady rotations. The water solubility and improved bioavailability may help reduce medication frequency associated with l-DOPA treatment of PD. Sustained levels of DA might lower the super-sensitization of DA signaling and potentially attenuate l-DOPA adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Atlas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Rascol O, Perez-Lloret S, Ferreira JJ. New treatments for levodopa-induced motor complications. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1451-60. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Rascol
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences; University Hospital and University of Toulouse 3; France
- INSERM CIC1436 and UMR825; Toulouse France
| | - Santiago Perez-Lloret
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Experimental Pharmacology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA)
- National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit; Instituto de Medicina Molecular; Lisbon Portugal
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon; Portugal
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Bortolanza M, Cavalcanti-Kiwiatkoski R, Padovan-Neto FE, da-Silva CA, Mitkovski M, Raisman-Vozari R, Del-Bel E. Glial activation is associated with l-DOPA induced dyskinesia and blocked by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 73:377-87. [PMID: 25447229 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
l-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease but can induce debilitating abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia). Here we show that the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the rat is accompanied by upregulation of an inflammatory cascade involving nitric oxide. Male Wistar rats sustained unilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle. After three weeks animals started to receive daily treatment with L-DOPA (30 mg/kg plus benserazide 7.5 mg/kg, for 21 days), combined with an inhibitor of neuronal NOS (7-nitroindazole, 7-NI, 30 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (saline-PEG 50%). All animals treated with L-DOPA and vehicle developed abnormal involuntary movements, and this effect was prevented by 7-NI. L-DOPA-treated dyskinetic animals exhibited an increased striatal and pallidal expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in reactive astrocytes, an increased number of CD11b-positive microglial cells with activated morphology, and the rise of cells positive for inducible nitric oxide-synthase immunoreactivity (iNOS). All these indexes of glial activation were prevented by 7-NI co-administration. These findings provide evidence that the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the rat is associated with activation of glial cells that promote inflammatory responses. The dramatic effect of 7-NI in preventing this glial response points to an involvement of nitric oxide. Moreover, the results suggest that the NOS inhibitor prevents dyskinesia at least in part via inhibition of glial cell activation and iNOS expression. Our observations indicate nitric oxide synthase inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for preventing neuroinflammatory and glial components of dyskinesia pathogenesis in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Bortolanza
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil
| | - Roberta Cavalcanti-Kiwiatkoski
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando E Padovan-Neto
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Célia Aparecida da-Silva
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil
| | - Miso Mitkovski
- Light Microscopy Facility Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Sorbonne Université UPMC UM75 INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut de Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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