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Borges DF, Fernandes J, Soares JI, Casalta-Lopes J, Carvalho D, Beniczky S, Leal A. The sound of silence: Quantification of typical absence seizures by sonifying EEG signals from a custom-built wearable device. Epileptic Disord 2024; 26:188-198. [PMID: 38279944 DOI: 10.1002/epd2.20194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a method for long-term (24-h) objective quantification of absence seizures in the EEG of patients with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) in their real home environment using a wearable device (waEEG), comparing automatic detection methods with auditory recognition after seizure sonification. METHODS The waEEG recording was acquired with two scalp electrodes. Automatic analysis was performed using previously validated software (Persyst® 14) and then fully reviewed by an experienced clinical neurophysiologist. The EEG data were converted into an audio file in waveform format with a 60-fold time compression factor. The sonified EEG was listened to by three inexperienced observers and the number of seizures and the processing time required for each data set were recorded blind to other data. Quantification of seizures from the patient diary was also assessed. RESULTS Eleven waEEG recordings from seven CAE patients with an average age of 8.18 ± 1.60 years were included. No differences in the number of seizures were found between the recordings using automated methods and expert audio assessment, with significant correlations between methods (ρ > .89, p < .001) and between observers (ρ > .96, p < .001). For the entire data set, the audio assessment yielded a sensitivity of .830 and a precision of .841, resulting in an F1 score of .835. SIGNIFICANCE Auditory waEEG seizure detection by lay medical personnel provided similar accuracy to post-processed automatic detection by an experienced clinical neurophysiologist, but in a less time-consuming procedure and without the need for specialized resources. Sonification of long-term EEG recordings in CAE provides a user-friendly and cost-effective clinical workflow for quantifying seizures in clinical practice, minimizing human and technical constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Filipe Borges
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO), School of Health, Polytechnic University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal
- Refractory Epilepsy Reference Center, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Isabel Soares
- Department of General Sciences, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Neuronal Networks Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Casalta-Lopes
- Department of General Sciences, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniel Carvalho
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sándor Beniczky
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Danish Epilepsy Center, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alberto Leal
- Unidade Autónoma de Neurofisiologia, Hospital Júlio de Matos, Lisbon, Portugal
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Kansal B, Anand A, Garg D, Gupta A, Kumar A, Sharma S. Applicability of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2022 diagnostic criteria for epilepsy syndromes in children: A retrospective review of 1550 children with epilepsy. Seizure 2024; 117:288-292. [PMID: 38603939 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, the ILAE Nosology and Definitions Task Force defined diagnostic criteria for epilepsy syndromes. There is paucity of data on the use of these new diagnostic criteria in children with epilepsy, and how these criteria may lead to changes from previous practice. METHODS This was a retrospective chart review of data of children attending the epilepsy clinic in a tertiary care children's hospital from January 2011 to January 2023. The clinical details such as age at onset, types of seizures, co-morbidities, and results of EEG, MRI and genetic testing were reviewed. Epilepsy syndrome diagnosis was made as per the ILAE 2022 criteria, and compared with the previous syndrome diagnosis as per records. RESULTS Data from 1550 children (63 % boys) with epilepsy were analysed, and 55.4 % children were classified to have epilepsy syndromes as per the new ILAE 2022 diagnostic criteria. Application of the new 2022 ILAE diagnostic criteria was associated with a change in name alone in 676 (77.8 %) children. Hundred (11.5 %) children were newly classified under an epilepsy syndrome who had previously remained unclassified. Eleven (1.3 %) children who were previously classified into an epilepsy syndrome could not be classified using the new diagnostic criteria. Eight (0.9 %) were shifted to a new syndromic category. Overall, change in diagnosis occurred in 13.7 (11.5 + 1.3 + 0.9)%. No change in epilepsy syndrome classification/nomenclature occurred in 74 (8.5 %) children. SIGNIFICANCE The new diagnostic criteria led to an overall change in diagnosis in 13.7 % of children with epilepsy. These criteria will hopefully lead to uniformity in diagnosis of epilepsy syndromes across diverse settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Kansal
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology Division), Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Aakanksha Anand
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology Division), Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Divyani Garg
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshika Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology Division), Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashna Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology Division), Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Suvasini Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology Division), Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran children's Hospital, New Delhi, India.
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Zhang M, Han Y. MicroRNAs in chronic pediatric diseases (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:100. [PMID: 38356668 PMCID: PMC10865459 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with a length of 20-24 nucleotides. They bind to the 3'-untranslated region of target genes to induce the degradation of target mRNAs or inhibit their translation. Therefore, they are involved in the regulation of development, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and other biological processes (including hormone secretion, signaling and viral infections). Chronic diseases in children may be difficult to treat and are often associated with malnutrition resulting from a poor diet. Consequently, further complications, disease aggravation and increased treatment costs impose a burden on patients and their families. Existing evidence suggests that microRNAs are involved in various chronic non-neoplastic diseases in children. The present review discusses the roles of microRNAs in five major chronic diseases in children, namely, diabetes mellitus, congenital heart diseases, liver diseases, bronchial asthma and epilepsy, providing a theoretical basis for them to become therapeutic biomarkers in chronic pediatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Chang Y, Jiang X, Mei H, Cao Y, Wu D, Xie R, Jiang W, Vasquez E, Wu Y, Lin S, Cao Y. Analysis of the role of PANoptosis in seizures via integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26219. [PMID: 38404827 PMCID: PMC10884430 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is recognized as the most common chronic neurological condition among children, and hippocampal neuronal cell death has been identified as a crucial factor in the pathophysiological processes underlying seizures. In recent studies, PANoptosis, a newly characterized form of cell death, has emerged as a significant contributor to the development of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PANoptosis involves the simultaneous activation of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis within the same population of cells. However, its specific role in the context of seizures remains to be fully elucidated. Further investigation is required to uncover the precise involvement of PANoptosis in the pathogenesis of seizures and to better understand its potential implications for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches in epilepsy. Methods In this study, the gene expression data of the hippocampus following the administration of kainic acid (KA) or NaCl was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The PANoptosis-related gene set was compiled from the GeneCards database and previous literature. Time series analysis was performed to analyze the temporal expression patterns of the PANoptosis-related genes. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), Gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) were employed to explore potential biological mechanisms underlying PANoptosis and its role in seizures. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis were utilized to identify pivotal gene modules and PANoptosis-related genes associated with the pathophysiological processes underlying seizures. To validate the expression of PANoptosis-related genes, Western blotting or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays were conducted. These experimental validations were performed in human blood samples, animal models, and cell models to verify the expression patterns of the PANoptosis-related genes and their relevance to epilepsy. Results The GSVA analysis performed in this study demonstrated that PANoptosis-related genes have the potential to distinguish between the control group and KA-induced epileptic mice. This suggests that the expression patterns of these genes are significantly altered in response to KA-induced epilepsy. Furthermore, the Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified the blue module as being highly associated with epileptic phenotypes. This module consists of genes that exhibit correlated expression patterns specifically related to epilepsy. Within the blue module, 10 genes were further identified as biomarker genes for epilepsy. These genes include MLKL, IRF1, RIPK1, GSDMD, CASP1, CASP8, ZBP1, CASP6, PYCARD, and IL18. These genes likely play critical roles in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and could serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing or monitoring the condition. Conclusion In conclusion, our study suggests that the hippocampal neuronal cell death in epilepsy may be closely related to PANoptosis, a novel form of cell death, which provides insights into the underlying pathophysiological processes of epilepsy and helps the development of novel therapeutic approaches for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanjin Chang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huiya Mei
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingsi Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dongqin Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijin Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Emely Vasquez
- The City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Yu Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shunyan Lin
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yachuan Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Li JX, Shi D, Ren SY, Wu GF. Increased Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Responsive Element is Closely Associated with the Pathogenesis of Drug-resistant Epilepsy. Curr Neurovasc Res 2024; 21:54-63. [PMID: 38468526 DOI: 10.2174/0115672026290996240307072539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is a refractory neurological disorder. There is ample evidence that suggest that γ-aminobutyric acid-a (GABAA) receptors could be one of the mechanisms responsible for the development of drug resistance in epilepsy. It is also known that the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) plays a possible key role in the transcriptional regulation of GABAA. OBJECTIVE This study explores the role of CREB in the development of DRE and the effect of CREB on GABA-related receptors in DRE. METHODS The CREB expression was increased or decreased in the hippocampus of normal rats by lentiviral transfection, who then underwent the lithium-pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model. Phenobarbital (PB) sodium and carbamazepine (CBZ) were used to select a drug-resistant epileptic model. The expression levels of GABAA receptor α1, β2, and γ2 subunits and CREB protein were measured in the rat hippocampus by western blot and fluorescent quantitative PCR. RESULTS The frequency and duration of seizures increased in the overexpression group compared to that in the control group. In addition, the severity, frequency, and duration of seizures decreased in the group with decreased expression. The hippocampus analysis of the expression levels of the CREB protein and CREB mRNA yielded similar findings. Altering the CREB protein expression in the rat hippocampus could negatively regulate the expression and transcript levels of GABAA receptors α1, β2, and γ2, suggesting that CREB may serve as a potential target for the development of treatment protocols and drugs for epilepsy. CONCLUSION Our study shows that enhanced CREB expression promotes the development of DRE and negatively regulates GABAA receptor levels and that the inhibition of CREB expression may reduce the incidence of DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xuan Li
- Clinical College of Guizhou, Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Dai Shi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Si-Ying Ren
- Clinical College of Guizhou, Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital/ Clinical College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Guo-Feng Wu
- Clinical College of Guizhou, Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital/ Clinical College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
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Chen M, Yan L, Deng Y, Chen J, Xie L, Hu Y, Hong S, Jiang L. Clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics of 34 infant with onset of epileptic spasms before three months of age. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 149:109530. [PMID: 37952415 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Epileptic spasms (ES) occur mostly between age 3 months and 24 months. ES beginning before 3 months of age were called early-onset ES in previous studies. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics of patients with ES onset before 3 months of age. In total, 34 ES patients were retrospectively identified at Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 1, 2020 to October 1, 2022. Our patients had diverse etiologies, including genetic (32.3 %), genetic-structural (11.8 %), structural-acquired (11.8 %), structural-congenital (8.8 %), and metabolic (5.9 %), with 29.4 % of patients having unknown etiology. Some patients experienced ES in clusters (either symmetrical or flexional) that occurred most often during awakening after sleep, and a minority of ES were characterized as isolated or asymmetrical, occurred during sleep, and could also manifest as relatively subtle. Approximately 35.3 % of patients also experienced other seizure types concurrently, including 10 focal seizures and 2 generalized seizures, and only half of the focal seizures had structural causes. The other seizure types occurred alone or sequentially with ES. Interictal electroencephalography revealed hypsarrhythmia or its variants, multifocal discharge, or burst suppression. 18 patients had no seizures lasting for more than 2 months, however, at the last follow-up visit, 5 of them had relapsed. All patients had different degrees of psychomotor retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lisi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China.
| | - Lingling Xie
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Siqi Hong
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhng District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuhang District, Chongqing 400014, China
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de Freitas RN, da Silva LGL, Fiais GA, Ferreira DSDB, Veras ASC, Teixeira GR, Oliveira SHP, Dornelles RCM, Nakamune ACDMS, Fakhouri WD, Chaves-Neto AH. Alterations in salivary biochemical composition and redox state disruption induced by the anticonvulsant valproic acid in male rat salivary glands. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 155:105805. [PMID: 37741048 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of the anticonvulsant valproic acid (VPA) on salivary glands in male rat using biochemical, functional, histomorphometric, and redox state parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups (n = 8 per group): Control (0.9% saline solution), VPA100 (100 mg/kg), and VPA400 (400 mg/kg). After 21 consecutive days of treatment with by intragastric gavage. Pilocarpine-induced saliva was collected to determine salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and biochemical composition. Analyses of histomorphometric parameters and redox balance markers were performed on the parotid and submandibular glands. RESULTS Salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, total protein, potassium, sodium, and chloride were similar between groups. However, phosphate and calcium were reduced in VPA400, while amylase was increased in both VPA100 and VPA400. We did not detect significant differences in the areas of acini, ducts, and connective tissue in the salivary glands between the groups. There were no significant changes in the redox status of the submandibular glands. In turn, in the parotid glands we detected reduced total oxidizing capacity and lipid peroxidation, measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and higher uric acid concentration in both the VPA100 and VPA400 groups, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the VPA400 group. CONCLUSION Chronic treatment with VPA modified the salivary biochemical composition and caused disruption in the redox state of the parotid gland in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayara Nogueira de Freitas
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências - Saúde Bucal da Criança, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Alice Fiais
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências - Saúde Bucal da Criança, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Wu J, Cao M, Peng Y, Dong B, Jiang Y, Hu C, Zhu P, Xing W, Yu L, Xu R, Chen Z. Research progress on the treatment of epilepsy with traditional Chinese medicine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155022. [PMID: 37647670 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) system is a medical system that has been expanding for thousands of years that was formed by the extensive clinical practice experience of many physicians and the accumulation of personal medication habits in China. In TCM, there is a history of long-term medication for epilepsy, the main treatment for epilepsy is TCM drugs and its prescription, supplemented by TCM modalities such as acupuncture therapy, moxibustion therapy, tuina, emotion adjustment therapy, etc. PURPOSE: With the modernization of TCM, the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of TCM for epilepsy treatment have been gradually revealed. This review aimed to comprehensively summarize the TCM treatment of epilepsy, focusing on the current TCM drugs and some TCM formulae for the treatment of epilepsy, and to discuss the research progress of TCM for the treatment of epilepsy, and to provide a reference to develop future related studies in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) was interpreted from different perspectives by searching online databases and querying various materials identify drugs used in both modern medicine and TCM systems for the treatment of epilepsy. We collected all relevant TCM for epilepsy literature published in the last 30 years up to December 2022 from electronic databases such as PubMed, CNKI and Web of Science, and statistically analyzed the literature for the following keyword information. The search terms comprise the keywords "TCM", "phytochemistry", "pharmacological activity", "epilepsy" and "traditional application" as a combination. Scientific plant names were provided by "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS Epilepsy is a complex and serious disease of the brain and nervous system. At present, the treatment of epilepsy in modern medicine is mainly surgery and chemotherapy, but there are many serious side effects. By summarizing the treatment of epilepsy in TCM, it is found that there are various methods to treat epilepsy in TCM, mainly TCM drugs and its formulae. Many TCM drugs have antiepileptic effects. Now found that the main effective TCM drugs for the treatment of epilepsy are Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, Scorpio, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis and Ganoderma, etc. And the main compounds that play a role in the treatment of epilepsy are curcumin, gastrodin, ligustrazine, baicalin and rhynchophylline, etc. These TCM drugs have played an important role in the treatment of epilepsy in TCM clinic. However, the chemically active components of these TCM drugs are diverse and their mechanisms of action are complex, which are not fully understood and need to be further explored. CONCLUSIONS TCM treats epilepsy in a variety of ways, and with the discovery of a variety of potential bioactive substances for treatment of epilepsy. With the new progress in the research of other TCM treatment methods for epilepsy, TCM will have greater potential in the clinical application of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, school of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mayijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, school of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, school of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Baohua Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, school of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunxiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, school of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changjiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, school of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengjin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, school of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weidei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, school of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, school of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, school of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, school of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Ruan Y, Deng X, Liu J, Xiao X, Yang Z. Identification of miRNAs in extracellular vesicles as potential diagnostic markers for pediatric epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy via bioinformatics analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1199780. [PMID: 37469680 PMCID: PMC10352456 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1199780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric epilepsy (PE) is a common neurological disease. However, many challenges regarding the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PE and drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) remain unsettled. Our study aimed to identify potential miRNA biomarkers in children with epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy by scrutinizing differential miRNA expression profiles. Methods In this study, miRNA expression profiles in plasma extracellular vesicles (EV) of normal controls, children with drug-effective epilepsy (DEE), and children with DRE were obtained. In addition, differential analysis, transcription factor (TF) enrichment analysis, Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, and target gene prediction were used to identify specifically expressed miRNAs and their potential mechanisms of action. Potential diagnostic markers for DRE were identified using machine learning algorithms, and their diagnostic efficiency was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results The hsa-miR-1307-3p, hsa-miR-196a-5p, hsa-miR-199a-3p, and hsa-miR-21-5p were identified as diagnostic markers for PE, with values of area under curve (AUC) 0.780, 0.840, 0.832, and 0.816, respectively. In addition, the logistic regression model incorporating these four miRNAs had an AUC value of 0.940, and its target gene enrichment analysis highlighted that these miRNAs were primarily enriched in the PI3K-Akt, MAPK signaling pathways, and cell cycle. Furthermore, hsa-miR-99a-5p, hsa-miR-532-5p, hsa-miR-181d-5p, and hsa-miR-181a-5p showed good performance in differentiating children with DRE from those with DEE, with AUC values of 0.737 (0.534-0.940), 0.737 (0.523-0.952), 0.788 (0.592-0.985), and 0.788 (0.603-0.974), respectively. Conclusion This study characterized the expression profile of miRNAs in plasma EVs of children with epilepsy and identified miRNAs that can be used for the diagnosis of DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucai Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Xuhui Deng
- Department of Neurology, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Xiaobing Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
- Department of Neurology, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
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10
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Banoczi W. Neonate, Infant, Childhood, and Adolescent Epilepsy Syndromes. Neurodiagn J 2023; 63:58-93. [PMID: 36944215 DOI: 10.1080/21646821.2023.2172951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy syndromes are defined either by a specific set of symptoms or by the area of the brain where the seizures originate. Some of the symptoms include types of seizures and age of seizure onset. Other symptoms include the frequency and severity of the seizures and the time of day in which they occur. Epilepsy syndromes are likely to be present at birth or appear during childhood. The treatment for childhood epilepsy syndromes may include medication, diet therapy, nerve stimulation, or surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walt Banoczi
- Professor Emeritus Orange Coast College, Costa Mesa, California
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11
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Makasi CE, Kilale AM, Ngowi BJ, Lema Y, Katiti V, Mahande MJ, Msoka EF, Stelzle D, Winkler AS, Mmbaga BT. Knowledge and misconceptions about epilepsy among people with epilepsy and their caregivers attending mental health clinics: A qualitative study in Taenia solium endemic pig-keeping communities in Tanzania. Epilepsia Open 2023. [PMID: 36896648 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Taenia solium (T. solium) neurocysticercosis (NCC) affects the central nervous system and is associated with 30% of acquired epilepsy in some endemic areas. Epilepsy is a stigmatizing disease in many societies and people with epilepsy (PWE) and their families experience discrimination. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, perceptions, and experiences of epilepsy among PWE and their caregivers attending mental health clinics. METHODS In T. solium endemic areas of Tanzania, PWE and their caregivers attending mental health clinics were identified and their informed consent was sought prior to study participation. In-depth interviews were conducted in Swahili language and analyzed thematically. The coding was undertaken by two independent researchers using NVivo (Version 12, QSR International). RESULTS Thirty-eight participants were interviewed. Three themes were identified during the analysis, namely, knowledge about epilepsy; perception of epilepsy; and experience with epilepsy among PWE and their caregivers. Participants commonly defined epilepsy as a "falling disease," perceived to be caused by witchcraft, and were unaware of the association between T. solium and epilepsy. Stigmatization of epilepsy was reported as a problem. Reported treatment patterns after the initial onset of epilepsy varied widely; however, patients usually began treatment with traditional healing methods, and only later opted for biomedical treatment. Patients had generally poor adherence to antiseizure medication, which could be caused by inadequate knowledge or irregular supply. SIGNIFICANCE Level of knowledge about epilepsy was low, and NCC was not mentioned as a cause of epilepsy among participants. Epilepsy was generally perceived to be the result of witchcraft, evil spirits, or curses. Health education is needed, including an explanation of the model of T. solium transmission and the insistence on hygiene measures. This could reduce the number of new infections with T. solium, improve access to prompt biomedical treatment, and improve the lives of PWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Makasi
- National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Research Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College of Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Andrew M Kilale
- National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Research Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bernard J Ngowi
- National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Research Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.,Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Yakobo Lema
- National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Research Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Victor Katiti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Michael J Mahande
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College of Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Elizabeth F Msoka
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College of Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Dominik Stelzle
- Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea S Winkler
- Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College of Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
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12
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Sethi NK. The Relationship Between Epilepsy, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and Treatment Outcome. Sleep Med Clin 2022; 17:639-645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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León-Ruiz M, Merino-Andreu M, Castañeda-Cabrero C. Juvenile absence epilepsy: integrating photosensitivity and autonomic focal epileptic symptoms. Acta Neurol Belg 2022:10.1007/s13760-022-02122-9. [PMID: 36301516 PMCID: PMC9610343 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-02122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moisés León-Ruiz
- Pediatric Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurology, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Milagros Merino-Andreu
- Pediatric Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurology, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatric Sleep Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Castañeda-Cabrero
- Pediatric Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurology, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Elsaid AM, Zahran RF, Elmetwaly SM, Wahba Y, Megahed H, Elshazli RM. The potential impact of CYP2D6 (*2/*4/*10) gene variants among Egyptian epileptic children: A preliminary study. Gene 2022; 832:146585. [PMID: 35597526 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes have an indispensable role in the metabolic phase of different medications during the treatment of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. The foremost goal of this study is to evaluate the correlation of the allelic variants within CYP2D6 (*2/*4/*10) gene with the susceptibility for epileptic syndrome as well as the assessment the degree of resistance towards antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). METHODS This work was designed based on the involvement of 200 participants [100 unrelated healthy controls, 50 AEDs responsive, and 50 AEDs resistant]. Genomic DNA for the CYP2D6 variants was genotyped utilizing the T-ARMS-PCR technique. RESULTS The distributions of the CYP2D6*2 (rs16947; c.886C > T) and CYP2D6*4 (rs3892097; c.506-1G > A) variants were significantly correlated with elevated risk among epileptic patients compared to healthy controls (P-value < 0.05). Furthermore, the CYP2D6*2 variant was statistically associated with disease risk among AEDs responsive patients, while the CYP2D6*4 variant was statistically correlated with disease risk among AEDs resistant patients (P-value < 0.05). Interestingly, the allelic variants of the CYP2D6*4 (A allele) and CYP2D6*10 (T allele) were associated with elevated risk among AEDs resistant compared to AEDs responsive patients (P-value = 0.008 and 0.040, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The CYP2D6*2 and CYP2D6*4 variants were recognized as independent risk factors among epileptic patients, but not the CYP2D6*10 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf M Elsaid
- Genetics Unit, Children Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rasha F Zahran
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Samar M Elmetwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Yahya Wahba
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hisham Megahed
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami M Elshazli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University - Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt.
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15
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Simkin D, Ambrosi C, Marshall KA, Williams LA, Eisenberg J, Gharib M, Dempsey GT, George AL, McManus OB, Kiskinis E. 'Channeling' therapeutic discovery for epileptic encephalopathy through iPSC technologies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:392-405. [PMID: 35427475 PMCID: PMC9119009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and gene editing technologies have revolutionized the field of in vitro disease modeling, granting us access to disease-pertinent human cells of the central nervous system. These technologies are particularly well suited for the study of diseases with strong monogenic etiologies. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in children, with approximately half of all genetic cases caused by mutations in ion channel genes. These channelopathy-associated epilepsies are clinically diverse, mechanistically complex, and hard to treat. Here, we review the genetic links to epilepsy, the opportunities and challenges of iPSC-based approaches for developing in vitro models of channelopathy-associated disorders, the available tools for effective phenotyping of iPSC-derived neurons, and discuss the potential therapeutic approaches for these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Simkin
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Kelly A Marshall
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Jordyn Eisenberg
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mennat Gharib
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Evangelos Kiskinis
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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16
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Khatami P, Mirazi N, Khosravi M, Bananej M. Anticonvulsant activity of oxaprozin in a rat model of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure by targeting oxidative stress and SIRT1/PGC1α signaling. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:534-541. [PMID: 35395161 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of oxaprozin (OXP) on experimental model of seizures in rats is investigated in the present study. Seizures in Wistar rats (200-250 g) were induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 60 mg/kg). The anticonvulsant effect of OXP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) is evaluated in seizure model. After behavioral tests, the animals underwent deep anesthesia and were put down painlessly. Animal serum was isolated for antioxidant assays (NO, and GSH). The animals' brains were also isolated to gauge the relative expression of genes in the oxidative stress pathway (Sirt1 and Pgc1α). Intraperitoneal injection of OXP increased the mean latency of myoclonic jerks and generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) and decreased the number of myoclonic jerks and GTCS duration compared to the PTZ group. Biochemical tests showed that pretreatment with OXP was able to restore GSH serum levels and reverse the augmented NO serum levels caused by PTZ induction to normal level. The qPCR results also unveiled that OXP counteracts the negative effects of PTZ by affecting the expression of Sirt1 and Pgc1α genes. Overall, this study suggests the potential neuroprotective effects of the nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory OXP drug in a model of neural impairment caused by seizures via the mechanism of inhibition of the oxidative stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Khatami
- Islamic Azad University, 68106, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Bu Ali Sina University, 68257, Hamedan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- Islamic Azad University, 68106, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
| | - Maryam Bananej
- Islamic Azad University, 68106, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
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17
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Khatami P, Mirazi N, Khosravi M, Bananej M. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Oxaprozin is Beneficial Against Seizure-induced Memory Impairment in an Experimental Model of Seizures in Rats: Impact On Oxidative Stress and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:880-887. [PMID: 35084669 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants have neuroprotective properties and may be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, the effects of oxaprozin (OXP) (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) on the experimental model of seizure and memory impairment caused by seizures in rats were investigated in the present study. Seizures in male Wistar rats (200-250 g, 8 weeks) were induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 60 mg/kg). The anticonvulsant effects of OXP (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally) were evaluated in the seizure model. The effect on memory was assessed using the passive avoidance (PA) test. After behavioral tests, the animals underwent deep anesthesia and were euthanized painlessly. Animal serum was isolated for antioxidant assays (MDA and GPx). The animals' brains (hippocampus) were also isolated to gauge the relative expression of genes in the oxidative stress pathway (Nrf2/HO-1). Intraperitoneal injection of OXP decreased the mean score on the Racine scale compared to the PTZ group. Moreover, in the PA test, OXP caused a significant increase in retention latency (RL) and total time spent in the light compartment (TLC) compared to the PTZ group. Biochemical tests showed that OXP was able to significantly increase GPx serum levels and significantly reduce MDA serum levels compared to the PTZ group. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results also revealed that OXP counteracted the negative effects of PTZ by significantly increasing the expression of the Nrf2 and Hmox1 genes. Overall, this study suggests the potential neuroprotective effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug OXP in a model of memory impairment caused by seizures via inhibition of the oxidative stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Khatami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bananej
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Zhou F, Li Y, Shen L, Yao H, Hou X. Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome as an initial presentation in infantile choroid plexus papilloma: A case report. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1035621. [PMID: 36467493 PMCID: PMC9709204 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1035621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an interesting report of a 5-month-old infant with epileptic spasms and developmental delay who presented with non-isolated ventriculomegaly in utero and whose brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed right ventricular choroid plexus papilloma (CPP). The epileptic spasms persisted even with the use of antiepileptic therapies but was apparently cured after the removal of a CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faliang Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixue Shen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxin Yao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlin Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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