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Li Y, Tang X, Wang B, Chen M, Zheng J, Chang K. Current landscape of exosomal non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer: Modulators and biomarkers. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:1351-1362. [PMID: 39247145 PMCID: PMC11380467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has the highest frequency of diagnosis among solid tumors and ranks second as the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, frequently exhibit dysregulation and substantially impact the biological behavior of PCa. Compared with circulating ncRNAs, ncRNAs loaded into exosomes are more stable because of protection by the lipid bilayer. Furthermore, exosomal ncRNAs facilitate the intercellular transfer of molecules and information. Increasing evidence suggests that exosomal ncRNAs hold promising potential in the progression, diagnosis and prognosis of PCa. This review aims to discuss the functions of exosomal ncRNAs in PCa, evaluate their possible applications as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and provide a comprehensive overview of the ncRNAs regulatory network in PCa. We also identified ncRNAs that can be utilized as biomarkers for diagnosis, staging, grading and prognosis assessment in PCa. This review offers researchers a fresh perspective on the functions of exosomal ncRNAs in PCa and provides additional options for its diagnosis, progression monitoring, and prognostic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, PR China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Xiaoqi Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Binpan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, PR China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
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2
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Feng ML, Sun MJ, Xu BY, Liu MY, Zhang HJ, Wu C. Mechanism of ELL-associated factor 2 and vasohibin 1 regulating invasion, migration, and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3770-3792. [PMID: 37426316 PMCID: PMC10324531 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i24.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a novel endogenous anti-angiogenic molecule, vasohibin 1 (VASH1) is not only expressed in tumor stroma, but also in tumor tissue. Moreover, studies have shown that VASH1 may be a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). Knockdown of VASH1 enhanced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad3 pathway activity and type I/III collagen production. Our previous findings suggest that ELL-associated factor 2 (EAF2) may play a tumor suppressor and protective role in the development and progression of CRC by regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. However, the functional role and mechanism of VASH1-mediated TGF-β1 related pathway in CRC has not been elucidated.
AIM To investigate the expression of VASH1 in CRC and its correlation with the expression of EAF2. Furthermore, we studied the functional role and mechanism of VASH1 involved in the regulation and protection of EAF2 in CRC cells in vitro.
METHODS We collected colorectal adenocarcinoma and corresponding adjacent tissues to investigate the clinical expression of EAF2 protein and VASH1 protein in patients with advanced CRC. Following, we investigated the effect and mechanism of EAF2 and VASH1 on the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro using plasmid transfection.
RESULTS Our findings indicated that EAF2 was down-regulated and VASH1 was up-regulated in advanced CRC tissue compared to normal colorectal tissue. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the higher EAF2 Level group and the lower VASH1 Level group had a higher survival rate. Overexpression of EAF2 might inhibit the activity of STAT3/TGF-β1 pathway by up-regulating the expression of VASH1, and then weaken the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of CRC cells.
CONCLUSION This study suggests that EAF2 and VASH1 may serve as new diagnostic and prognostic markers for CRC, and provide a clinical basis for exploring new biomarkers for CRC. This study complements the mechanism of EAF2 in CRC cells, enriches the role and mechanism of CRC cell-derived VASH1, and provides a new possible subtype of CRC as a therapeutic target of STAT3/TGF-β1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang Feng
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming-Jun Sun
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bo-Yang Xu
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui-Jing Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Can Wu
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Sadrkhanloo M, Paskeh MDA, Hashemi M, Raesi R, Motahhary M, Saghari S, Sharifi L, Bokaie S, Mirzaei S, Entezari M, Aref AR, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Hushmandi K. STAT3 signaling in prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance: An oncogenic pathway with diverse functions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114168. [PMID: 36916439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The categorization of cancers demonstrates that prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and it causes high death annually. Prostate cancer patients are diagnosed mainly via biomarkers such as PSA test and patients show poor prognosis. Prostate cancer cells rapidly diffuse into different parts of body and their metastasis is also a reason for death. Current therapies for prostate cancer patients include chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy as well as targeted therapy. The progression of prostate cancer cells is regulated by different factors that STAT3 signaling is among them. Growth factors and cytokines such as IL-6 can induce STAT3 signaling and it shows carcinogenic impact. Activation of STAT3 signaling occurs in prostate cancer and it promotes malignant behavior of tumor cells. Induction of STAT3 signaling increases glycolysis and proliferation of prostate cancer cells and prevents apoptosis. Furthermore, STAT3 signaling induces EMT mechanism in increasing cancer metastasis. Activation of STAT3 signaling stimulates drug resistance and the limitation of current works is lack of experiment related to role of STAT3 signaling in radio-resistance in prostate tumor. Calcitriol, capsazepine and β-elemonic are among the compounds capable of targeting STAT3 signaling and its inhibition in prostate cancer therapy. In addition to natural products, small molecules targeting STAT3 signaling have been developed in prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdokht Sadrkhanloo
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sam Saghari
- Department of Health Services Management, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Bokaie
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6, Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Feng ML, Wu C, Zhang HJ, Zhou H, Jiao TW, Liu MY, Sun MJ. Overexpression of ELL-associated factor 2 suppresses invasion, migration, and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1949-1967. [PMID: 36310706 PMCID: PMC9611430 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i10.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The androgen responsive gene, ELL-associated factor 2 (EAF2), expressed in benign prostate tissues, has been shown to play an important role in tumor suppression in a variety of malignant tumors. In addition, some scholars found that EAF2 frameshift mutations are associated with intratumor heterogeneity in colorectal cancer (CRC) and inactivation of EAF2 in microsatellite instability-high CRC. However, the molecular mechanism by which EAF2 is involved in CRC invasion and metastasis remains unclear.
AIM To determine the clinical value of expression of EAF2 protein in CRC, and to study the effects of EAF2 on the invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro.
METHODS In this study, we collected colorectal adenocarcinoma and corresponding adjacent tissues to investigate the clinical expression of EAF2 protein in patients with advanced CRC. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of EAF2 on the invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro using plasmid transfection.
RESULTS EAF2 protein was lowly expressed in cancer tissues of patients with advanced CRC. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival rate of the high EAF2 level group was higher than that of the low EAF2 level group.
CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that EAF2, as a tumor suppressor, may inhibit the invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of CRC cells by regulating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/transforming growth factor-β1 crosstalk pathway, and play a cancer suppressive and protective role in the occurrence and development of CRC. Our findings are of great significance to provide a new idea and theoretical basis for the targeted diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang Feng
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Can Wu
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui-Jing Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tai-Wei Jiao
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming-Jun Sun
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Transcription factor p53-mediated activation of miR-519d-3p and downregulation of E2F1 attenuates prostate cancer growth and metastasis. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1001-1011. [PMID: 34799723 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a commonly diagnosed malignancy in men. The transcription factor p53, a well-known cancer suppressor, has been extensively analyzed in the progression of many tumor types, but its involvement in PCa remains not fully understood. Hence, this study aims to explore the possible molecular mechanism underlying p53 in the growth and metastasis of PCa. Based on bioinformatics analysis findings of GEPIA and starBase databases, p53 was demonstrated to be involved in the development of PCa by transcriptionally activating microRNA-519d-3p (miR-519d-3p) expression to suppress the expression of E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) and CD147. In order to verify this finding, clinically-obtained PCa tumor tissues were enrolled and commercially-purchased PCa cell lines were used to detect the cell viability, cycle, and apoptosis, as well as invasion and migration by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays respectively. The results of clinical tissue experiments and in vitro cell experiments showed that miR-519d-3p and p53 were poorly-expressed in PCa tissues and cell lines, while E2F1 was highly-expressed. Overexpression of miR-519d-3p led to inhibited PCa cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and p53 overexpression was found to promote miR-519d-3p expression to suppress the malignant characteristics of PCa cells, while the additional E2F1 overexpression restored the malignant traits. Moreover, ChIP analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the interactions among p53, miR-519d-3p, and E2F1. Mechanistically, it was found that p53 transcriptionally activated miR-519d-3p to suppress E2F1 expression. Finally, the in vitro results were further validated by in vivo experiments, which showed that miR-519d-3p prevents tumorigenesis and lymph node metastasis of PCa in nude mice via negatively regulation of E2F1 and CD147. Taken together, the findings uncover that the transcription factor p53 could upregulate miR-519d-3p expression to directly suppress the expression of E2F1, thus inhibiting PCa growth and metastasis. It highlights a novel therapeutic strategy against PCa based on the p53/miR-519d-3p/E2F1 regulatory pathway.
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6
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Ren X, Chen X, Zhang X, Jiang S, Zhang T, Li G, Lu Z, Zhang D, Wang S, Qin C. Immune Microenvironment and Response in Prostate Cancer Using Large Population Cohorts. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686809. [PMID: 34777331 PMCID: PMC8585452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune microenvironment of prostate cancer (PCa) is implicated in disease progression. However, previous studies have not fully explored PCa immune microenvironment. This study used ssGSEA algorithm to explore expression levels of 53 immune terms in a combined PCa cohort (eight cohorts; 1,597 samples). The top 10 immune terms were selected based on the random forest analysis and used for immune-related risk score (IRS) calculation. Furthermore, we explored differences in clinical and genomic features between high and low IRS groups. An IRS signature based on the 10 immune terms showed high prediction potential for PCa prognosis. Patients in the high IRS group showed significantly higher percentage of immunotherapy response factors, implying that IRS is effective in predicting immunotherapy response rate. Furthermore, consensus clustering was performed to separate the population into three IRSclusters with different clinical outcomes. Patients in IRScluster3 showed the worst prognosis and highest immunotherapy response rate. On the other hand, patients in IRScluster2 showed better prognosis and low immunotherapy response rate. In addition, VGLL3, ANPEP, CD38, CCK, DPYS, CST2, COMP, CRISP3, NKAIN1, and F5 genes were differentially expressed in the three IRSclusters. Furthermore, CMap analysis showed that five compounds targeted IRS signature, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, 0175029-0000, trichostatin A, and fluphenazine. In summary, immune characteristics of PCa tumor microenvironment was explored and an IRS signature was constructed based on 10 immune terms. Analysis showed that this signature is a useful tool for prognosis and prediction of immunotherapy response rate of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Ren
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglin Chen
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Silin Jiang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongwen Lu
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shangqian Wang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Qin
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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STAT3 and p53: Dual Target for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120637. [PMID: 33371351 PMCID: PMC7767392 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is considered the "guardian of the genome" that can protect cells against cancer by inducing cell cycle arrest followed by cell death. However, STAT3 is constitutively activated in several human cancers and plays crucial roles in promoting cancer cell proliferation and survival. Hence, STAT3 and p53 have opposing roles in cellular pathway regulation, as activation of STAT3 upregulates the survival pathway, whereas p53 triggers the apoptotic pathway. Constitutive activation of STAT3 and gain or loss of p53 function due to mutations are the most frequent events in numerous cancer types. Several studies have reported the association of STAT3 and/or p53 mutations with drug resistance in cancer treatment. This review discusses the relationship between STAT3 and p53 status in cancer, the molecular mechanism underlying the negative regulation of p53 by STAT3, and vice versa. Moreover, it underlines prospective therapies targeting both STAT3 and p53 to enhance chemotherapeutic outcomes.
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Wang K, Pascal LE, Li F, Chen W, Dhir R, Balasubramani GK, DeFranco DB, Yoshimura N, He D, Wang Z. Tight junction protein claudin-1 is downregulated by TGF-β1 via MEK signaling in benign prostatic epithelial cells. Prostate 2020; 80:1203-1215. [PMID: 32692865 PMCID: PMC7710618 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is arguably the most common disease in aging men. Although the etiology is not well understood, chronic prostatic inflammation is thought to play an important role in BPH initiation and progression. Our recent studies suggest that the prostatic epithelial barrier is compromised in glandular BPH tissues. The proinflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) impacts tight junction formation, enhances epithelial barrier permeability, and suppresses claudin-1 messenger RNA expression in prostatic epithelial cells. However, the role of claudin-1 in the prostatic epithelial barrier and its regulation by TGF-β1 in prostatic epithelial cells are not clear. METHODS The expression of claudin-1 was analyzed in 22 clinical BPH specimens by immunohistochemistry. Human benign prostate epithelial cell lines BPH-1 and BHPrE1 were treated with TGF-β1 and transfected with small interfering RNAs specific to claudin-1. Epithelial monolayer permeability changes in the treated cells were measured using trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER). The expression of claudin-1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, snail, slug, and activation of mitogen-activated proteins kinases (MAPKs) and AKT was assessed following TGF-β1 treatment using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Claudin-1 expression was decreased in glandular BPH tissue compared with adjacent normal prostatic tissue in patient specimens. TGF-β1 treatment or claudin-1 knockdown in prostatic epithelial cell lines increased monolayer permeability. TGF-β1 decreased levels of claudin-1 and increased levels of snail and slug as well as increased phosphorylation of the MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2) in both BPH-1 and BHPrE1 cells. Overexpression of snail or slug had no effect on claudin-1 expression. In contrast, PD98059 and U0126, inhibitors of the upstream activator of ERK-1/2 (ie, MEK-1/2) restored claudin-1 expression level as well as the epithelial barrier. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that downregulation of claudin-1 by TGF-β1 acting through the noncanonical MEK-1/2/ERK-1/2 pathway triggers increased prostatic epithelial monolayer permeability in vitro. These findings also suggest that elevated TGF-β1 may contribute to claudin-1 downregulation and compromised epithelial barrier in clinical BPH specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura E. Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Donald B. DeFranco
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding author: Zhou Wang, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5200 Centre Ave, Suite G40, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232., , Dalin He, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China.,
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Corresponding author: Zhou Wang, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5200 Centre Ave, Suite G40, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232., , Dalin He, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China.,
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9
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Hou Y, Hou L, Liang Y, Zhang Q, Hong X, Wang Y, Huang X, Zhong T, Pang W, Xu C, Zhu L, Li L, Fang J, Meng X. The p53-inducible CLDN7 regulates colorectal tumorigenesis and has prognostic significance. Neoplasia 2020; 22:590-603. [PMID: 32992138 PMCID: PMC7522441 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most colorectal cancer (CRC) are characterized by allele loss of the genes located on the short arm of chromosome 17 (17p13.1), including the tumor suppressor p53 gene. Although important, p53 is not the only driver of chromosome 17p loss. In this study, we explored the biological and prognostic significance of genes around p53 on 17p13.1 in CRC. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to identify differentially expressed genes located between 1000 kb upstream and downstream of p53 gene. The function of CLDN7 was evaluated by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and promoter luciferase activity, immunohistochemistry were used to explore the molecular drivers responsible for the development and progression of CRC. The results showed that CLDN7, located between 1000 kb upstream and downstream of p53 gene, were remarkably differentially expressed in tumor and normal tissues. CLDN7 expression also positively associated with p53 level in different stages of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Both in vitro and in vivo assays showed that CLDN7 inhibited cell proliferation in p53 wild type CRC cells, but had no effects on p53 mutant CRC cells. Mechanistically, p53 could bind to CLDN7 promoter region and regulate its expression. Clinically, high CLDN7 expression was negatively correlated with tumor size, invasion depth, lymphatic metastasis and AJCC III/IV stage, but was positively associated with favorable prognosis of CRC patients. Collectively, our work uncovers the tumor suppressive function for CLDN7 in a p53-dependent manner, which may mediate colorectal tumorigenesis induced by p53 deletion or mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Nineth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lidan Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Nineth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Nineth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xialu Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Nineth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Nineth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Nineth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wenjing Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Nineth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ci Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Nineth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Liming Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Nineth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Nineth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Nineth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China.
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10
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Tang L, Long J, Li K, Zhang X, Chen X, Peng C. A novel chalcone derivative suppresses melanoma cell growth through targeting Fyn/Stat3 pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:256. [PMID: 32565740 PMCID: PMC7302361 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fyn has been documented to have oncogenic features in multiple tumors, which might be a potential therapeutic target, however, few studies on the function role of Fyn and its specific inhibitors in melanoma. Methods We investigated the impacts of Fyn and its inhibitor Lj-1-60 on melanoma through bioinformatics analysis, western blot, cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis and xenograft tumor model as well as immunohistochemical staining. Pull-down and in vitro kinase assay were used to demonstrate Lj-1-60 targeting Fyn. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-PCR were adopted to confirm the potential mechanisms of Lj-1-60 in melanoma. Results Our findings showed that Fyn was overexpressed in melanoma cells and knocked down of Fyn suppressed the proliferation of melanoma cells. To identify the potential inhibitors of Fyn, our in-house library including total of 111,277 chemicals was conducted to vitro screening, among those compounds, 83 inhibitors were further detected to explore the effect on melanoma cells growth and discovered a novel chalcone derivative Lj-1-60 that exhibited low cellular toxicity and high anti-tumor efficacy. Lj-1-60 directly was associated with Fyn and inhibited the Fyn kinase activity with Stat3 as substrate. What's more, Lj-1-60 suppressed the proliferation of melanoma in vitro and in vivo through inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, the activation of Stat3 had also been abrogated both in Lj-1-60 treated melanoma cells or Fyn knocked down cells. Conclusion Our study revealed a novel Fyn inhibitor that could significantly suppress melanoma growth, which is a promising potential inhibitor for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jing Long
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Keke Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
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11
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Wang G, Xiao Q, Wu Y, Wei YJ, Jing Y, Cao XR, Gong ZN. Design and synthesis of novel celastrol derivative and its antitumor activity in hepatoma cells and antiangiogenic activity in zebrafish. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16431-16446. [PMID: 30770566 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Two series of celastrol derivatives were designed and synthesized by modifying carboxylic acid at the 28th position with amino acid, and their intermediates with isobutyrate at the third position. All compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferation activity by four human cancer cell lines (SCG7901, HGC27, HepG2, and Bel7402) and one normal cell LO2. The most promising compound, compound 8, showed superior bioactivity and lower toxicity than others including celastrol. Further underlying tests illustrated that compound 8 induced apoptosis and cell arrest at G2/M and inhibited proliferation and mobility of human hepatoma cells by suppressing the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 signaling pathway. Besides these, a highly accurate and reproducible high performance liquid chromatography protocol was established to determine celastrol and compound 8 absorption in zebrafish, and results demonstrated that their concentration increased rapidly within 4 hr in a time-dependent manner and the concentration of compound 8 was higher than that of celastrol. In addition, without detection at 12 hr, compound 8 was rapidly metabolized in vivo. These findings are very helpful for the structural modification of celastrol and other bioactive compounds to improve their bioactivity, toxicity, and absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wu
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Media of State Administration of Tradition Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jing
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Rong Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Nan Gong
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Wang Z, Zhong M, Song Q, Pascal LE, Yang Z, Wu Z, Wang K, Wang Z. Anti-apoptotic factor Birc3 is up-regulated by ELL2 knockdown and stimulates proliferation in LNCaP cells. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:223-231. [PMID: 31511829 PMCID: PMC6734035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ELL2 is a potential tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. ELL2 knockout in mice induced mPIN, the putative precursor of prostate cancer and ELL2 knockdown enhanced proliferation in cultured prostate cancer cells. To explore the mechanism of ELL2 action in prostate cancer, we investigated the role of Birc3, an apoptosis inhibitor, in prostate cancer cells and the regulation of its expression by ELL2. ELL2 knockdown enhanced Birc3 expression in LNCaP and C4-2 cell line models. BrdU assay showed that Birc3 knockdown inhibited proliferation, ELL2 knockdown enhanced proliferation, and Birc3 knockdown counteracted ELL2 knockdown-induced proliferation in LNCaP cells. Trypan blue assay suggested that Birc3 knockout did not induce cell death in LNCaP cells. These findings suggested that Birc3 is a downstream gene of ELL2 and may play a role in driving prostate cancer proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, China
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mingming Zhong
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qiong Song
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Laura E Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, China
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, China
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Pascal LE, Su F, Wang D, Ai J, Song Q, Wang Y, O'Malley KJ, Cross B, Rigatti LH, Green A, Dhir R, Wang Z. Conditional Deletion of Eaf1 Induces Murine Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Mice. Neoplasia 2019; 21:752-764. [PMID: 31229879 PMCID: PMC6593215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ELL-associated factor 1 is a transcription elongation factor that shares significant homology and functional similarity to the androgen-responsive prostate tumor suppressor ELL-associated factor 2. EAF2 is frequently down-regulated in advanced prostate cancer and Eaf2 deletion in the mouse induced the development of murine prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Here we show that similar to EAF2, EAF1 is frequently down-regulated in advanced prostate cancer. Co-downregulation of EAF1 and EAF2 occurred in 40% of clinical specimens with Gleason score >7. We developed and characterized a murine model of prostate-epithelial specific deletion of Eaf1 in the prostate and crossed it with our previously generated mouse with conventional deletion of Eaf2. The prostates of Eaf1 deletion mice displayed murine prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions with increased proliferation and inflammation. Combined deletion of Eaf1 and Eaf2 in the murine model induced an increased incidence in mPIN lesions characterized by increased proliferation and CD3+ T cells and CD19+ B cells infiltration compared to individual deletion of either Eaf1 or Eaf2 in the murine prostate. These results suggest that EAF1 may play a tumor suppressive role in the prostate. Cooperation between EAF1 and EAF2 may be important for prostate maintaining prostate epithelial homeostasis, and concurrent loss of these two tumor suppressors may promote prostate tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Fei Su
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; The Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Junkui Ai
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Qiong Song
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine & School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Katherine J O'Malley
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Brian Cross
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anthony Green
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Xu Y, Song Q, Pascal LE, Zhong M, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Deng F, Huang J, Wang Z. DHX15 is up-regulated in castration-resistant prostate cancer and required for androgen receptor sensitivity to low DHT concentrations. Prostate 2019; 79:657-666. [PMID: 30714180 PMCID: PMC6823643 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DHX15 is a member of the DEAH-box (DHX) RNA helicase family. Our previous study identified it as an AR coactivator which contributes to prostate cancer progression. METHODS We investigated DHX15 expression in castration resistant prostate cancer specimens and the influence of DHX15 on the responsiveness of prostate cancer cells to DHT stimulation. We also explored the role DHX15 played in enzalutamide resistance and the interacting domain in DHX15 with AR. DHX15 expression level in human CRPC specimens and prostate cancer specimens was detected by tissue microarray (TMA) immunostaining analysis. Colony formation assay was performed to determine the proliferation of cells treated with enzalutamide or DHT. siRNAs were used to knockdown DHX15. The interactions between DHX15 and AR were detected using co-immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS The expression level of DHX15 was upregulated in human CRPC specimens compared with hormone naïve prostate cancer specimens. DHX15 knockdown reduced AR sensitivity to low DHT concentrations in C4-2 cells. Inactivation of DHX15 sensitizes the enzalutamide treatment in C4-2 cells. Deletion mutagenesis indicated that DHX1 5 interacts with AR through its N terminal domain. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that DHX15 contributes to prostate cancer progression. DHX15 is required for androgen receptor sensitivity to low DHT concentrations and contributes to enzalutamide resistance in C4-2 cells. Targeting DHX15 may improve the ADT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Qiong Song
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Laura E. Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mingming Zhong
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yibin Zhou
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fang‐Ming Deng
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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15
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Krzyzanowska A, Don‐Doncow N, Marginean FE, Gaber A, Watson RW, Hellsten R, Bjartell A. Expression of tSTAT3, pSTAT3 727 , and pSTAT3 705 in the epithelial cells of hormone-naïve prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:784-797. [PMID: 30905090 PMCID: PMC6766958 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway is observed to be constitutively activated in several malignancies including prostate cancer (PCa). In the present study, we investigated the expression of total STAT3 (tSTAT3) and two forms of activated phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3727 and pSTAT3705 ) in tissue microarrays (TMA) of two cohorts of localized hormone-naïve PCa patients and analyzed associations between the expression and disease outcome. METHODS The expression of tSTAT3, pSTAT3727 , and pSTAT3705 was scored in the nuclei and cytoplasm of prostatic gland epithelial cells in two TMAs of paraffin-embedded prostatic tissue. The TMAs consisted of tissue originated from hormone-naïve radical prostatectomy patients from two different sites: Malmö, Sweden (n = 300) and Dublin, Ireland (n = 99). RESULTS The nuclear expression levels of tSTAT3, pSTAT3727 , and pSTAT3705 in the epithelial cells of benign glands were significantly higher than in the cancerous glands. Cytoplasmic tSTAT3 levels were also higher in benign glands. Patients with low pSTAT3727 and pSTAT3705 levels in the cancerous glands showed reduced times to biochemical recurrence, compared with those with higher levels. No significant trends in nuclear nor in cytoplasmic tSTAT3 were observed in relation to biochemical recurrence in the Malmö cohort. Higher cytoplasmic tSTAT3 was associated with reduced time to biochemical recurrence in the Dublin cohort. Adding the tSTAT3 and pSTAT3 expression data to Gleason score or pathological T stage did not improve their prognostic values. CONCLUSIONS Low pSTAT3727 and pSTAT3705 expression in epithelial cells of cancerous prostatic glands in hormone-naïve PCa was associated with faster disease progression. However, pSTAT3 and tSTAT3 expression did not improve the prognostic value of Gleason score or pathological T stage and may not be a good biomarker in the early hormone naïve stages of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krzyzanowska
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Nicholas Don‐Doncow
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Felicia Elena Marginean
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Alexander Gaber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of PathologyLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - R. William Watson
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical ResearchUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublinIreland
| | - Rebecka Hellsten
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Department of UrologyMalmö University HospitalMalmöSweden
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16
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Zhong M, Pascal LE, Cheng E, Masoodi KZ, Chen W, Green A, Cross BW, Parrinello E, Rigatti LH, Wang Z. Concurrent EAF2 and ELL2 loss phenocopies individual EAF2 or ELL2 loss in prostate cancer cells and murine prostate. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2018; 6:234-244. [PMID: 30697579 PMCID: PMC6334201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Elongation factor for RNA polymerase II 2 (ELL2) and ELL-associated factor 2 (EAF2) are two functionally related androgen responsive gene-encoded proteins with prostate tumor suppressor characteristics. EAF2 and ELL2 have both been shown to be down-regulated in advanced prostate cancer, and mice with either Eaf2 or Ell2 deficiency developed murine prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN), increased cellular proliferation and increased vascularity. Functional studies have revealed that EAF2 and ELL2 can bind to each other and have similar roles in regulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis and prostate homeostasis. Here, cell line experiments showed that knockdown of EAF2 or ELL2 induced an increase in proliferation and migration in C4-2 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells. Concurrent knockdown of EAF2 and ELL2 increased proliferation and migration similarly to the loss of EAF2 or ELL2 alone. Mice with homozygous deletion of Ell2 or heterozygous deletion of Eaf2 developed mPIN lesions characterized by increased epithelial proliferation, intraductal microvessel density, and infiltrating intraductal CD3-positive T-cells compared to wild-type controls. Mice with combined heterozygous deletion of Eaf2 and Ell2 developed mPIN lesions that were similar to those observed in mice with deficiency in Eaf2 or Ell2 alone. These results suggest that EAF2 and ELL2 have similar functions and are likely to require each other in their regulation of prostate epithelial cell proliferation and migration in prostate cancer cells as well as their tumor suppressive properties in the murine prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhong
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura E Pascal
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erdong Cheng
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Khalid Z Masoodi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
- Transcriptomics Lab, Division of Plant BiotechnologySKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony Green
- Department of Pathology, Pitt Biospecimen Core, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian W Cross
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erica Parrinello
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Ma W, Xie X, Shao X, Zhang Y, Mao C, Zhan Y, Zhao D, Liu M, Li Q, Lin Y. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures facilitate neural stem cell migration via activating RHOA/ROCK2 signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12503. [PMID: 30091500 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main purpose of current study was to explore the effects of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) on neuroectodermal (NE-4C) stem cells migration and unveil the potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The successfully self-assembled TDNs were also determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). A bidirectional wound-healing assay and transwell chamber assay were employed to test the migrating behaviour of NE-4C stem cells cultured under different conditions. RESULTS Through an in vitro study, we found that stem cells could internalize TDNs quickly, and the cells' parallel and vertical migration was promoted effectively. Besides, the effects of TDNs were found being exerted by upregulating the gene and protein expression levels of RhoA, Rock2 and Vinculin, indicating that the RHOA/ROCK2 pathway was activated by the TDNs during the cell migration. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TDNs could enter NSCs without the aid of other transfection reagents in large amounts, whereas only small amounts of ssDNA could enter the cells. TDNs taken up by NSCs activated the RHOA/ROCK2 signalling pathway, which had effects on the relevant genes and proteins expression, eventually promoting the migration of NE-4C stem cells. These findings suggested that TDNs have great potential in application for the repair and regeneration of neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoru Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenchen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianshun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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