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Zhang T, Li J, Hu J, Chen Y, Fu X, Zhao W, Tian J, Yang L, Zhang J. Identification of key differentially methylated genes regulating muscle development in chickens: insights from Jingyuan breed. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104292. [PMID: 39316980 PMCID: PMC11462489 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle development is a complex, regulated physiological process that involves myoblast proliferation and differentiation and the fusion of myotubes. In this study, phenotypic differences in the breast and leg muscles of 180-day-old Jingyuan chickens were investigated. Differentially methylated genes (DMG) that regulate muscle development were identified through differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Moreover, myoblasts were used as test material and treated with cycloleucine to investigate the effect of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on their proliferation and differentiation. The results revealed that the myofiber diameter and cross-sectional area in the breast muscle of Jingyuan chickens were significantly smaller than those in the leg muscle, while myofiber density in the breast muscle was significantly higher. A total of 484 DMG were identified in both muscle types. Module gene association analysis with DMGs revealed multiple DMG associated with muscle development. In vitro cell model analysis revealed that cycloleucine treatment significantly downregulated the m6A modification level of myoblasts and inhibited their proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, stage-specific differences in LDHA, LDHB, and GAPDH expressions were observed during myoblast differentiation. Cycloleucine treatment significantly inhibited LDHA, LDHB, and GAPDH expression. These findings indicate that m6A methylation modifications play significant regulatory roles in muscle development, with LDHA, LDHB, and GAPDH being potential candidate genes for regulating muscle development. This study provides an essential theoretical basis for further study on the functional mechanisms of m6A modifications involved in muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jiahuan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yafei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xi Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jinli Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Ullah A, Mohamed FAE, Khan J, Tracy K, Khan M, Mohsen S, Yasinzai AQK, Badini K, Sobash PT, Heneidi S, Karim NA. Current Understanding of "Mixed Corticomedullary Adrenal Tumor" and an Insight into Genomic Profiling. Clin Pract 2022; 12:918-925. [PMID: 36412675 PMCID: PMC9680374 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12060096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mixed corticomedullary adrenal tumors (MCMTs) are extremely rare, with limited cases reported in the literature. The pathophysiology of malignant MCMTs is not well understood; the most prevailing theories are that it is a composite tumor of embryologically derived mesodermal (adrenal cortex) and neural crest (medulla) origin, perpetuating as two distinct cell lines forming a singular mass. Clinical features and laboratory diagnosis are associated with hypersecretions of the adrenal cortex and medulla. Surgical resection is curative in an isolated tumor. We reviewed and compared cases in the literature highlighting the pathogenesis and genetics of benign and malignant MCMT. METHODS Comprehensive literature analysis was conducted on PubMed and all the cases of mixed corticomedullary adrenal tumor published in English were included. RESULTS Most patients were female (73.1%) with a median age of 49 in women and 50 in men. Surgery was performed in all patients, and in four patients with malignant disease, chemotherapy was used as well. Clinically, most patients presented with hypertension (69%) followed by Cushing syndrome (42%) and diabetes (19%). Tumors often produced cortisol (74%), catecholamines (50%), and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (38%), with lower incidence of aldosterone- (7%) or dopamine (4%)-producing tumors. Immunohistochemical staining of 96% of cases showed Chromogranin-A (73%) and Synaptophysin (62%), followed by Inhibin-α (50%), Melan-A (31%), and S-100 (23%). Of the reported four cases with malignant disease, three showed a Ki-67 index of 40-50% with one showing less than 5%. CONCLUSION Mixed corticomedullary adrenal tumors rarely present as a malignant disease requiring chemotherapy. Most MCMTs confer a good prognosis and respond well to surgical resection, though their pathogenesis is largely up to speculation because of limited data. Current theories regarding MCMT pathogenesis should be investigated further with genetic testing. Future research on MCMT may provide ways to guide physician diagnosis and subsequent treatment for refractory cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ullah
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Jaffar Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Katharine Tracy
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Muhabat Khan
- Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Sandman Provincial Hospital, Quetta 83700, Pakistan
| | - Samiha Mohsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Kaleemullah Badini
- Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Sandman Provincial Hospital, Quetta 83700, Pakistan
| | - Philip T. Sobash
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Saleh Heneidi
- Department of Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nagla Abdel Karim
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, University of Virginia, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kimura N, Motoyama T, Saito J, Nishikawa T. Mixed corticomedullary tumor of the adrenal gland. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1026918. [PMID: 36187098 PMCID: PMC9524188 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1026918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed corticomedullary tumor (MCMT) of the adrenal gland is an extremely rare tumor characterized by an admixture of steroidogenic cells and chromaffin cells in a single tumor mass simultaneously producing adrenocortical hormones and catecholamines; it is associated with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in some cases. We reviewed and summarized clinicopathological data of 28 MCMTs, including four metastatic tumors in 26 previous reports. These reports included 21 females and 7 males, and the average tumor sizes were 4.8 ± 2.5 cm and 12.6 ± 6.4 cm in the non-metastatic and metastatic groups, respectively (P<0.001). The clinical manifestations and laboratory data were as follows: Cushing or subclinical Cushing syndrome, 58% (14/24); hypertension, 71% (17/24); elevated adrenocortical hormones, 75% (18/24); elevated catecholamines, 75% (18/24); and ectopic ACTH, 71% (10/14). All four patients with metastatic MCMTs had poor prognoses and elevated adrenocortical hormone levels; however, only two patients had elevated catecholamine levels. Immunohistochemistry was essential for the pathologic diagnosis of MCMTs. In this study, using an improved technique, we detected ectopic ACTH-producing cells in the same paraffin-embedded sections reported to be negative in our previous reports. As MCMT is composed of cells with embryologically different origins, its pathogenesis has been explained by various hypotheses. We compared MCMT to the adrenal gland of birds and the early stage of human fetuses, in which nests of chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cells admix without the formation of cortex and medulla. MCMT is characterized by the immaturity of organogenesis and might be classified as an adrenal embryonal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kimura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
- *Correspondence: Noriko Kimura,
| | - Teiich Motoyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Jun Saito
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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Watts D, Jaykar MT, Bechmann N, Wielockx B. Hypoxia signaling pathway: A central mediator in endocrine tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1103075. [PMID: 36699028 PMCID: PMC9868855 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate oxygen levels are essential for the functioning and maintenance of biological processes in virtually every cell, albeit based on specific need. Thus, any change in oxygen pressure leads to modulated activation of the hypoxia pathway, which affects numerous physiological and pathological processes, including hematopoiesis, inflammation, and tumor development. The Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) are essential transcription factors and the driving force of the hypoxia pathway; whereas, their inhibitors, HIF prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHDs) proteins are the true oxygen sensors that critically regulate this response. Recently, we and others have described the central role of the PHD/HIF axis in various compartments of the adrenal gland and its potential influence in associated tumors, including pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent findings on the hypoxia signaling pathway in vivo, including its role in the endocrine system, especially in adrenal tumors.
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Bechmann N, Berger I, Bornstein SR, Steenblock C. Adrenal medulla development and medullary-cortical interactions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111258. [PMID: 33798635 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian adrenal gland is composed of two distinct tissue types in a bidirectional connection, the catecholamine-producing medulla derived from the neural crest and the mesoderm-derived cortex producing steroids. The medulla mainly consists of chromaffin cells derived from multipotent nerve-associated descendants of Schwann cell precursors. Already during adrenal organogenesis, close interactions between cortex and medulla are necessary for proper differentiation and morphogenesis of the gland. Moreover, communication between the cortex and the medulla ensures a regular function of the adult adrenal. In tumor development, interfaces between the two parts are also common. Here, we summarize the development of the mammalian adrenal medulla and the current understanding of the cortical-medullary interactions under development and in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bechmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ilona Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Steenblock
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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