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Li Q, Wang O, Ji B, Zhao L, Zhao L. Alcohol, White Adipose Tissue, and Brown Adipose Tissue: Mechanistic Links to Lipogenesis and Lipolysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:2953. [PMID: 37447280 PMCID: PMC10346806 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
According to data from the World Health Organization, there were about 3 million deaths caused by alcohol consumption worldwide in 2016, of which about 50% were related to liver disease. Alcohol consumption interfering with the normal function of adipocytes has an important impact on the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. There has been increasing recognition of the crucial role of adipose tissue in regulating systemic metabolism, far beyond that of an inert energy storage organ in recent years. The endocrine function of adipose tissue is widely recognized, and the significance of the proteins it produces and releases is still being investigated. Alcohol consumption may affect white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which interact with surrounding tissues such as the liver and intestines. This review briefly introduces the basic concept and classification of adipose tissue and summarizes the mechanism of alcohol affecting lipolysis and lipogenesis in WAT and BAT. The adipose tissue-liver axis is crucial in maintaining lipid homeostasis within the body. Therefore, this review also demonstrates the effects of alcohol consumption on the adipose tissue-liver axis to explore the role of alcohol consumption in the crosstalk between adipose tissue and the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Ou Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Duft RG, Castro A, Bonfante ILP, Brunelli DT, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Cavaglieri CR. Metabolomics Approach in the Investigation of Metabolic Changes in Obese Men after 24 Weeks of Combined Training. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2151-2159. [PMID: 28492082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with comorbidities related to metabolic disorders due to excess of adipose tissue. Physical exercise has a major role in the prevention of obesity. Combined training (CT), in particular, has been shown to improve markers of health. In this study, we used 1H NMR-based metabolomics to investigate changes in the metabolism of obese men after 24 weeks of CT. Twenty-two obese (body mass index 31 ± 1.4 kg/m2), middle-aged men (48.2 ± 6.1 years) were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n = 11) or CT group (n = 11). The CT was performed three times a week (resistance and aerobic training) for 24 weeks. Blood samples were collected before and after experimental period. There was an improvement in body composition and physical fitness indices after CT training. Multivariate PCA and PLS-DA models showed a distinct separation between groups. Twenty metabolites with importance for projection (VIP) >1.0 were identified, and four were classified as best discriminators (tyrosine, 2-oxoisocaproate, histidine, pyruvate). Some metabolites were correlated with strength, VO2 peak, fat and lean body mass, waist circumference, and insulin. In conclusion, 24 weeks of CT was effective for functional improvements and metabolic changes in obese middle-aged men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata G Duft
- University of Campinas , Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701 - Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-851, Brazil
| | - Alex Castro
- University of Campinas , Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701 - Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-851, Brazil
| | - Ivan L P Bonfante
- University of Campinas , Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701 - Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-851, Brazil
| | - Diego T Brunelli
- University of Campinas , Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701 - Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-851, Brazil
| | - Mara P T Chacon-Mikahil
- University of Campinas , Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701 - Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-851, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R Cavaglieri
- University of Campinas , Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701 - Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-851, Brazil
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Zhao C, Liu Y, Xiao J, Liu L, Chen S, Mohammadi M, McClain CJ, Li X, Feng W. FGF21 mediates alcohol-induced adipose tissue lipolysis by activation of systemic release of catecholamine in mice. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1481-91. [PMID: 26092866 PMCID: PMC4513989 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m058610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption leads to adipose tissue lipoatrophy and mobilization of FFAs, which contributes to hepatic fat accumulation in alcoholic liver disease. This study aimed to investigate the role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21, a metabolic regulator, in the regulation of chronic-binge alcohol-induced adipose tissue lipolysis. FGF21 KO mice were subjected to chronic-binge alcohol exposure, and epididymal white adipose tissue lipolysis and liver steatosis were investigated. Alcohol exposure caused adipose intracellular cAMP elevation and activation of lipolytic enzymes, leading to FFA mobilization in both WT and FGF21 KO mice. However, alcohol-induced systemic elevation of catecholamine, which is known to be a major player in adipose lipolysis by binding to the β-adrenergic receptor, was markedly inhibited in KO mice. Supplementation with recombinant human FGF21 to alcohol-exposed FGF21 KO mice resulted in an increase in fat loss in parallel with an increase of circulating norepinephrine concentration. Furthermore, alcohol consumption-induced fatty liver was blunted in the KO mice, indicating an inhibition of fatty acid reverse transport from adipose to the liver in the KO mice. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that FGF21 KO mice are protected from alcohol-induced adipose tissue excess-lipolysis through a mechanism involving systemic catecholamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqing Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China Departments of Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Departments of Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liming Liu
- Departments of Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Shaoyu Chen
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Craig J McClain
- Departments of Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY Robley Rex Veterans Administration Medical Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenke Feng
- Departments of Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Joffin N, Niang F, Forest C, Jaubert AM. Is there NO help for leptin? Biochimie 2012; 94:2104-10. [PMID: 22750650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the initial identification of leptin as the product of the ob gene in 1994, the signaling pathways by which this hormone alters cell physiology have been the subject of extensive investigations. The fact that leptin can induce nitric oxide (NO) production was first demonstrated in studies of the pituitary gland and pancreatic islets. A large number of additional studies further showed that this adipokine stimulates NO synthesis in multiple tissues. This review article discusses the role of leptin in NO production and its pathophysiological consequences. The role of this gaseous messenger in cell physiology depends on the cell type, the concentration of NO and the duration of exposure. It can be either a potent oxidant or a protector of cell integrity against the formation of reactive oxygen species. Leptin plays two opposing roles on arterial pressure. It exerts a hypertensive effect due to sympathetic activation and a vasorelaxant effect due to NO production. This adipokine acts via NO to produce pro-inflammatory factors in cartilage pathology, potentially contributing to an increased risk for osteoarthritis. Another well-documented role of leptin-induced NO, acting either directly or via the hypothalamus, concerns lipid metabolism in muscle and adipose tissue. In adipocytes, the direct and rapid action of leptin is to activate the nitric oxide synthase III, which favors lipolysis. In contrast, in the long-term, leptin reduces lipolysis. However, both in the short-term and in the long-term, glyceroneogenesis and its key enzyme, the cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase (PEPCK-C), are down-regulated by the adipokine, thus favoring fatty acid release. Hence, leptin-induced NO production plays a crucial role in fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue. The resulting effects are to prevent lipid storage and to improve energy expenditure, with possible improvements of the obese state and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Joffin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S 747, Université Paris Descartes, Pharmacologie Toxicologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
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