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Lin Y, Shao H, Fonseca V, Anderson AH, Batuman V, Shi L. A prediction model on incident chronic kidney disease among individuals with type 2 diabetes in the United States. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:2862-2868. [PMID: 37334525 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Early identification of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with diabetes may help improve patients' clinical outcomes. This study aimed to develop a prediction equation for incident CKD among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS A time-varying Cox model was applied to data from the ACCORD trial to predict the risk of incident CKD. A list of candidate variables was chosen based on literature reviews and experts' consultations, including demographic characteristics, vitals, laboratory results, medical history, drug use and health care utilization. Model performance was evaluated. Decomposition analysis was conducted, and external validation was performed. RESULTS In total, 6006 patients with diabetes free of CKD were included, with a median follow-up of 3 years and 2257 events. The risk model included age at T2D diagnosed, smoking status, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine albumin-creatinine ratio, hypoglycaemia, retinopathy, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease history, antihyperlipidaemic drug use, antihypertensive drug use and hospitalization. The urine albumin-creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate and congestive heart failure were the top three factors that contributed most to the incident CKD prediction. The model showed acceptable discrimination [C-statistic: 0.772 (95% CI 0.767-0.805)] and calibration [Brier Score: 0.0504 (95% CI 0.0477-0.0531)] in the Harmony Outcomes Trial. CONCLUSION Incident CKD prediction among individuals with T2D was developed and validated for use in decision support of CKD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Lin
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Vivian Fonseca
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amanda H Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vecihi Batuman
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lizheng Shi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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2
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Lin Y, Shao H, Fonseca V, Anderson AH, Batuman V, Shi L. A prediction model on incident ESKD among individuals with T2D and CKD. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108450. [PMID: 36871314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This study aimed to predict incident ESKD among individuals with T2D and CKD. METHOD The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) clinical trial data were split into a training set and a validation set by a ratio of 7:3. A dynamic time-varying Cox model was fit to predict the development of incident ESKD. Significant predictors were identified from a list of candidate variables, including demographic characteristics, physical exam results, laboratory results, medical history, drug information, and healthcare utilization. Model performance was evaluated by Brier score and C statistics. Decomposition analysis was conducted to assess the variable importance. Patient-level data from Harmony Outcome clinical trial and CRIC study were used for external validation. RESULTS A total of 6982 diabetes patients with CKD were used for model development, with a median follow-up of four years and 312 ESKD events. The significant predictors for the final model were female sex, race, smoking status, age at T2D diagnosis, SBP, HR, HbA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), retinopathy event occurring in last year, antihypertensive drug use, and an interaction term between SBP and female. The model demonstrated good performance in discrimination (C-statistic 0.764 [95 % CI 0.763-0.811]) and calibration (Brier Score 0.0083 [95 % CI 0.0063-0.0108]). The top 3 most important predictors in the prediction model were eGFR, retinopathy event, and UACR. Acceptable discrimination (C-statistic: 0.701 [95 % CI 0.665-0.716]; 0.86 [95 % CI 0.847-0.872]) and calibration (Brier Score: 0.0794 [95 % CI 0.0733-0.1022]; 0.0476 [95 % CI 0.0440, 0.0506]) were demonstrated in the Harmony Outcome and CRIC data, respectively. CONCLUSION The dynamic risk prediction of incident ESKD among individuals with T2D can be a useful tool to support better disease management to lower the risk of developing ESKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Lin
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Vivian Fonseca
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Amanda H Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Vecihi Batuman
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Lizheng Shi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America.
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Miao J, Fu P, Ren S, Hu C, Wang Y, Jiao C, Li P, Zhao Y, Tang C, Qian Y, Yang R, Dong Y, Rong J, Wang Y, Jin X, Sun Y, Chen L. Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and safety of dorzagliatin, a novel dual-acting glucokinase activator. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 15:548-557. [PMID: 34706161 PMCID: PMC8841463 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dorzagliatin is a novel allosteric glucokinase activator targeting both pancreatic and hepatic glucokinase currently under clinical investigation for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to investigate the effect of renal impairment (RI) on dorzagliatin’s pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety, and to guide appropriate clinical dosing in patients with diabetic kidney disease, including end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Based on the results from physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling, the predicted outcome of RI on dorzagliatin PK property would be minimum that the plasma exposure area under concentration (AUC) of dorzagliatin in patients with ESRD would increase at about 30% with minimal change in peak concentration (Cmax) comparing to those in healthy volunteers (HVs). To definitively confirm the prediction, a two‐part RI study was designed and conducted based on regulatory guidance starting with the patients with ESRD matched with HVs. Results of the RI study showed minimum difference between patients with ESRD and HVs with respect to dorzagliatin exposure with geometric mean ratio of ESRD to HV at 0.81 for Cmax and 1.11 for AUC. The elimination half‐life, volume of distribution, and systemic clearance for dorzagliatin were similar between the two groups. Dorzagliatin was well‐tolerated in patients with ESRD during the study. Therefore, RI showed no significant impact on dorzagliatin PK, suggesting that dorzagliatin can be readily used in patients with T2D at all stages of RI without need for dose adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Miao
- Clinical Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Clinical Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Hua Medicine (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Clinical Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Clinical Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Ping Li
- Hua Medicine (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Hua Medicine (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Tang
- Hua Medicine (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuli Qian
- Hua Medicine (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Hua Medicine (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Dong
- Hua Medicine (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Rong
- Hua Medicine (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Hua Medicine (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- Hua Medicine (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Hua Medicine (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Hua Medicine (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
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4
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Ullah A, Choi HJ, Jang M, An S, Kim GM. Smart Microneedles with Porous Polymer Layer for Glucose-Responsive Insulin Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E606. [PMID: 32629825 PMCID: PMC7407179 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A closed-loop system imitating the function of pancreatic cells, connected to microneedles (MNs) that automatically "release" insulin in response to the blood glucose (BG) levels would be highly satisfactory for improving the quality of life and health for diabetes patients. This paper describes an easy, fast and simple technique of coating a porous polymer layer on stainless steel (SS) MNs that release insulin in a glucose-responsive fashion. It was fabricated by sealing insulin, sodium bicarbonate (a pH-sensitive element [NaHCOз]) and glucose oxidase (glucose-specific enzymes [GOx]) into the pores of a porous polymer coating. Glucose can passively diffuse into the pores and become oxidized to gluconic acid by GOx, thereby causing a decrease in local pH. The subsequent reaction of protons with NaHCOз forms carbon dioxide (CO2) which creates pressure inside the pores, thereby rupturing the thin polymer film and releasing the encapsulated insulin. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images displayed that upon the exposure of MNs to glucose-free phosphate buffer saline (PBS) with pH 7.4, the pores of the porous MNs were closed, while in MNs exposed to a hyperglycemic glucose level, the pores were opened and the thin film burst. These MNs demonstrated both in vitro (in porcine skin and PBS) and in vivo (in diabetic rats) glucose-mediated insulin release under hyperglycemic conditions with rapid responsiveness. This study validated that the release of insulin from porous MNs was effectively correlated with glucose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ullah
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.U.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Hye Jin Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.U.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Mijin Jang
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.J.); (S.A.)
| | - Sanghyun An
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.J.); (S.A.)
| | - Gyu Man Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.U.); (H.J.C.)
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5
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Cheng J, Li F, Wang G, Guo W, Huang S, Wang B, Li C, Jiang Q, Cai L, Cui J. Optimal LDR to Protect the Kidney From Diabetes: Whole-Body Exposure to 25 mGy X-rays Weekly for 8 Weeks Efficiently Attenuates Renal Damage in Diabetic Mice. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818789843. [PMID: 30210268 PMCID: PMC6130090 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818789843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore an optimal frequency of whole-body low-dose radiation (LDR) to protect the kidney from diabetes, type 1 diabetic mice were induced with multiple injections of low-dose streptozotocin in male C57BL/6J mice. Diabetic or age-matched normal mice received whole-body exposure to 12.5 or 25 mGy either every other day or weekly for 4 or 8 weeks. Diabetes decreased the urinary creatinine and increased the microalbumin in urine, renal accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal, and renal expression of collagen IV and fibronectin. All these renal pathological and functional changes in diabetic mice were significantly attenuated by exposure to LDR at all regimens. However, whole-body exposure of diabetic mice to 25 mGy weekly and to 12.5 mGy every other day for 8 weeks provided a better prevention of diabetic nephropathy than other LDR regimens. Furthermore, whole-body exposure to 25 mGy weekly for 8 weeks showed no detectable effect on the kidney of normal mice, but whole-body exposure to normal mice at 12.5 mGy every other day for 8 weeks increased urinary microalbumin and renal expression of collagen IV and fibronectin. These results suggest that whole-body exposure to LDR at 25 mGy weekly is the optimal condition of LDR to protect the kidney from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiying Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Brain Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cai Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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6
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Moioli A, Maresca B, Manzione A, Napoletano AM, Coclite D, Pirozzi N, Punzo G, Menè P. Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA): clinical profiling and management. J Nephrol 2016; 29:783-789. [PMID: 26800971 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metformin (MF) accumulation during acute kidney injury is associated with high anion gap lactic acidosis type B (MF-associated lactic acidosis, MALA), a serious medical condition leading to high mortality. Despite dose adjustment for renal failure, diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage III-IV are at risk for rapid decline in renal function by whatever reason, so that MF toxicity might arise if the drug is not timely withdrawn. Sixteen consecutive patients were admitted to our Hospital's Emergency Department with clinical findings consistent with MALA. Fifteen had prior history of CKD, 60 % of them with GFR between 30 and 60 ml/min. Of these, 5 required mechanical ventilation and cardiovascular support; 3 promptly recovered renal function after rehydration, whereas 10 (62 %) required continuous veno-venous renal replacement treatment. SOFA and SAPS II scores were significantly related to the degree of lactic acidosis. In addition, lactate levels were relevant to therapeutic choices, since they were higher in dialyzed patients than in those on conservative treatment (11.92 mmol/l vs 5.7 mmol/l, p = 0.03). The overall death rate has been 31 %, with poorer prognosis for worse acidemia, as serum pH was significantly lower in non-survivors (pH 6.96 vs 7.16, p > 0.04). Our own data and a review of the literature suggest that aged, hemodynamically frail patients, with several comorbidities and CKD, are at greater risk of MALA, despite MF dosage adjustment. Moreover, renal replacement therapy rather than simple acidosis correction by administration of alkali seems the treatment of choice, based on eventual renal recovery and overall outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Moioli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Chair and Division of Nephrology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Maresca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Chair and Division of Nephrology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Manzione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Chair and Division of Nephrology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Pirozzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Chair and Division of Nephrology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Punzo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Chair and Division of Nephrology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Menè
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy. .,Chair and Division of Nephrology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy. .,UOC Nefrologia, A.O. Sant'Andrea, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
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7
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Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of canagliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and moderate renal impairment. Clin Drug Investig 2015; 34:731-42. [PMID: 25200141 PMCID: PMC4168221 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-014-0226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives
This study examined the effects of moderate renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of canagliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Japanese patients with stable type 2 diabetes (12 with moderate renal impairment and 12 with normal renal function or mild renal impairment) were eligible. This was an open-label, randomized, two-way crossover, two-sequence, single-dose study performed at a single center in Japan. The subjects were hospitalized for the pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic evaluations. Twenty-four patients received a single dose each of canagliflozin 100 and 200 mg before breakfast in a crossover manner with a 14-day washout between doses. The main outcome measures were pharmacokinetics of canagliflozin and its main metabolites (M5 and M7) in plasma and urine, and change from baseline in 24-h urinary glucose excretion (ΔUGE24 h). Results There was no significant effect of moderate renal impairment on the maximum canagliflozin concentration. The ratios of least square means (90 % confidence intervals [CIs]) of moderate renal impairment relative to normal renal function or mild renal impairment were 0.982 (0.821–1.173) and 0.989 (0.827–1.182) for the 100 and 200 mg doses, respectively. The canagliflozin area under the plasma concentration–time curve was greater in those with moderate renal impairment than in those without, after both canagliflozin doses (ratio of least square means [90 % CI] 1.258 [1.061–1.490] and 1.216 [1.026–1.441]). ΔUGE24 h increased after administration of both doses, but in patients with moderate renal impairment, the increase was approximately 70 % of that in patients with normal renal function or mild renal impairment. The incidence of adverse events was low and no patient developed hypoglycemia. Conclusion The pharmacokinetics of canagliflozin are affected by renal function, with slight decreases in renal clearance observed. No effect of renal impairment on the maximum concentration was observed. Renal impairment reduced the ability of canagliflozin to promote urinary glucose excretion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40261-014-0226-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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8
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Tai W, Mo R, Di J, Subramanian V, Gu X, Buse JB, Gu Z. Bio-inspired synthetic nanovesicles for glucose-responsive release of insulin. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3495-502. [PMID: 25268758 PMCID: PMC4195518 DOI: 10.1021/bm500364a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new glucose-responsive formulation for self-regulated insulin delivery was constructed by packing insulin, glucose-specific enzymes into pH-sensitive polymersome-based nanovesicles assembled by a diblock copolymer. Glucose can passively transport across the bilayer membrane of the nanovesicle and be oxidized into gluconic acid by glucose oxidase, thereby causing a decrease in local pH. The acidic microenvironment causes the hydrolysis of the pH sensitive nanovesicle that in turn triggers the release of insulin in a glucose responsive fashion. In vitro studies validated that the release of insulin from nanovesicle was effectively correlated with the external glucose concentration. In vivo experiments, in which diabetic mice were subcutaneously administered with the nanovesicles, demonstrate that a single injection of the developed nanovesicle facilitated stabilization of the blood glucose levels in the normoglycemic state (<200 mg/dL) for up to 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Tai
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman
School of Pharmacy, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ran Mo
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman
School of Pharmacy, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jin Di
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman
School of Pharmacy, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Vinayak Subramanian
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Xiao Gu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - John B. Buse
- Department of Medicine, University
of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman
School of Pharmacy, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Evaluation of the Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Rates of Oral Antidiabetic Prescribing in Accordance with Guidelines and Manufacturer Recommendations in Type 2 Diabetic Patients within a Long-Term Care Setting. Int J Nephrol 2014; 2014:151706. [PMID: 24719761 PMCID: PMC3955634 DOI: 10.1155/2014/151706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study assessed the prevalence of moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) among nursing home (NH) residents with type 2 diabetes. The pattern of oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) use and their concordance with the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) guideline and prescribing information (PI) was also assessed. About half (47%) of diabetic residents had moderate to severe CKD. A little over a quarter of the 186 residents using OADs received at least one NKF-discordant OAD prescription. Metformin was the most commonly misused OAD. PI nonconcordance was observed in 58.6% of residents and was highest in glipizide and metformin users. With the high prevalence of moderate to severe CKD in NH residents with diabetes, physicians should consider residents' renal function when choosing treatment plans and review treatments regularly to check compliance with the NKF guidelines or PIs.
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10
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Valent F, Tillati S, Zanier L. Prevalence and comorbidities of known diabetes in northeastern Italy. J Diabetes Investig 2013; 4:355-60. [PMID: 24843679 PMCID: PMC4020229 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION We aimed at estimating the prevalence and at identifying the frequent comorbidities of diabetes mellitus in a region of northeastern Italy from administrative health data. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prevalence was estimated according to two disease definitions, based on administrative health data. Association rule mining was used to detect comorbid diagnoses that coexisted with a diagnosis of diabetes among patients admitted to the regional hospitals. RESULTS The prevalence of known diabetes in 2010 was 6.0-8.1%, with great variations by age class (from approximately 2% <60 years to more than 20% in some elderly age groups). Of 155,494 patients admitted to the hospital in 2011, 9,358 had a diagnosis of diabetes. A total of 12 rules satisfied our criteria for support (>0.5%) and confidence (>5%), and identified nine frequent isolated comorbidities and three pairs of comorbid diagnoses. The rule with the highest support (2.4%) and confidence (39.5%) identified the combination of diabetes and essential hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Association rule mining was useful, because it showed the complexity of diabetic patients. Clinical management of those patients cannot neglect comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Valent
- Epidemiological ServiceRegional Health DirectorateFriuli Venezia Giulia RegionUdineItaly
| | - Silvia Tillati
- Epidemiological ServiceRegional Health DirectorateFriuli Venezia Giulia RegionUdineItaly
| | - Loris Zanier
- Epidemiological ServiceRegional Health DirectorateFriuli Venezia Giulia RegionUdineItaly
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11
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Grandfils N, Detournay B, Attali C, Joly D, Simon D, Vergès B, Toussi M, Briand Y, Delaitre O. Glucose lowering therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease in primary care setting in france: a cross-sectional study. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:640632. [PMID: 23653644 PMCID: PMC3638677 DOI: 10.1155/2013/640632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. To understand glucose lowering therapeutic strategies of French general practitioners (GPs) in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2011 among a sample of French GPs who contribute to the IMS Lifelink Disease Analyzer database. Eligible patients were those with T2DM and moderate-to-severe CKD who visited their GPs at least once during the study period. Data were collected through electronic medical records and an additional questionnaire. Results. 116 GPs included 297 patients: 86 with stage 3a (Group 1, GFR = 45-60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and 211 with stages 3b, 4, or 5 (Group 2, GFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). Patients' mean age was approximately 75 years. Insulin was used in 19% of patients, and was predominant in those with severe CKD. More than two-thirds of patients were treated with glucose lowering agents which were either contraindicated or not recommended for CKD. Conclusion Physicians most commonly considered the severity of diabetes and not CKD in their therapeutic decision making, exposing patients to potential iatrogenic risks. The recent patient oriented approach and individualization of glycemic objectives according to patient profile rather than standard HbA1c would improve this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Grandfils
- IMS Health France, 5-7 Place de la Pyramide, 92088 Paris La Défense, France
| | - B. Detournay
- Cemka-Eval, 43 Boulevard du Maréchal Joffre, 92340 Bourg-la-Reine, France
| | - C. Attali
- Medical office, 4 Rue de L'Ile de France, 91860 Epinay sous Senart, France
| | - D. Joly
- Nephrology Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - D. Simon
- Diabetes Department, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- INSERM CESP, U-1018, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - B. Vergès
- Endocrinology Department, Hôpital du Bocage, 1 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - M. Toussi
- IMS Health France, 5-7 Place de la Pyramide, 92088 Paris La Défense, France
- *M. Toussi:
| | - Y. Briand
- Boehringer-Ingelheim France, 14 Rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - O. Delaitre
- Boehringer-Ingelheim France, 14 Rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
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12
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CME Management of diabetes in patients with end-stage kidney disease. JAAPA 2012; 25:26-9. [DOI: 10.1097/01720610-201211000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Brown DX, Evans M. Choosing between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and DPP-4 Inhibitors: A Pharmacological Perspective. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:381713. [PMID: 23125920 PMCID: PMC3483791 DOI: 10.1155/2012/381713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the incretin therapies have provided a new treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The incretin therapies focus on the increasing levels of the two incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). This results in increased glucose dependent insulin synthesis and release. GLP-1 receptor agonists such as liraglutide and exenatide exert an intrinsic biological effect on GLP-1 receptors directly stimulating the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and linagliptin prevent the inactivation of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP through competitive inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme. Both incretin therapies have good safety and tolerability profiles and interact minimally with a number of medications commonly prescribed in T2DM. This paper focuses on the pharmacological basis by which the incretin therapies function and how this knowledge can inform and benefit clinical decisions. Each individual incretin agent has benefits and pitfalls relating to aspects such as glycaemic and nonglycaemic efficacy, safety and tolerability, ease of administration, and cost. Overall, a personalized medicine approach has been found to be favourable, tailoring the incretin agent to benefit and suit patient's needs such as renal impairment (RI) or hepatic impairment (HI).
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