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Rajkumar RP. Potassium channels in animal models of post-traumatic stress disorder: mechanistic and therapeutic implications. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1441514. [PMID: 39139400 PMCID: PMC11319181 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1441514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Philip Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
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2
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See QR, Raheel K, Duncan I, Biabani N, Di Giulio I, Romigi A, Kumari V, O’Regan D, Cairney S, Urso D, Chaudhuri KR, Gnoni V, Drakatos P, Rosenzweig I. Dreaming Characteristics in Non-Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnia and Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder: Similarities and Differences. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:263-277. [PMID: 38482468 PMCID: PMC10933526 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s435201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Speech graph analysis (SGA) of dreams has recently shown promise as an objective and language-invariant diagnostic tool that can aid neuropsychiatric diagnosis. Whilst the notion that dreaming mentations reflect distinct physiologic processes is not new, such studies in patients with sleep disorders remain exceptionally scarce. Here, using SGA and other dream content analyses, we set to investigate structural and thematic differences in morning dream recalls of patients diagnosed with Non-Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnia (NREMP) and Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD). Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study of morning dream recalls of iRBD and NREMP patients was undertaken. Traditional dream content analyses, such as Orlinsky and Hall and Van de Castle analyses, were initially conducted. Subsequently, SGA was performed in order to objectively quantify structural speech differences between the dream recalls of the two patient groups. Results Comparable rate of morning recall of dreams in the sleep laboratory was recorded; 25% of iRBD and 18.35% of NREMP patients. Aggression in dreams was recorded by 28.57% iRBD versus 20.00% in NREMP group. iRBD patients were more likely to recall dreams (iRBD vs NREMP; P = 0.007), but they also had more white dreams, ie having a feeling of having dreamt, but with no memory of it. Visual and quantitative graph speech analyses of iRBD dreams suggested stable sequential structure, reflecting the linearity of the chronological narrative. Conversely, NREMP dream reports displayed more recursive, less stable systems, with significantly higher scores of graph connectivity measures. Conclusion The findings of our exploratory study suggest that iRBD and NREMP patients may not only differ on what is recalled in their dreams but also, perhaps more strikingly, on how dreams are recalled. It is hoped that future SGA-led dream investigations of larger groups of patients will help discern distinct mechanistic underpinnings and any associated clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Rui See
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Kausar Raheel
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Iain Duncan
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Nazanin Biabani
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Irene Di Giulio
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Andrea Romigi
- IRCCS Neuromed Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Pozzilli (IS), Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Veena Kumari
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, U.K
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K
| | - David O’Regan
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, U.K
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, U.K
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - Scott Cairney
- Department of Psychology, University of York and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, U.K
| | - Daniele Urso
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, “Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico”, Tricase, Lecce, Italy
- Movement Disorders Unit, King’s College Hospital and Department of Clinical and Basic Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Movement Disorders Unit, King’s College Hospital and Department of Clinical and Basic Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Valentina Gnoni
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, U.K
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, “Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico”, Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Panagis Drakatos
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, U.K
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, U.K
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, U.K
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
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3
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Singh S, Agarwal P, Ravichandiran V. Two-Pore Domain Potassium Channel in Neurological Disorders. J Membr Biol 2021; 254:367-380. [PMID: 34169340 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-021-00189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
K2P channel is the leaky potassium channel that is critical to keep up the negative resting membrane potential for legitimate electrical conductivity of the excitable tissues. Recently, many substances and medication elements are discovered that could either straightforwardly or in a roundabout way influence the 15 distinctive K+ ion channels including TWIK, TREK, TASK, TALK, THIK, and TRESK. Opening and shutting of these channels or any adjustment in their conduct is thought to alter the pathophysiological condition of CNS. There is no document available till now to explain in detail about the molecular mechanism of agents acting on K2P channel. Accordingly, in this review we cover the current research and mechanism of action of these channels, we have also tried to mention the detailed effect of drugs and how the channel behavior changes by focusing on recent advances regarding activation and modulation of ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area, Hajipur, District, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India.
| | - Punita Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area, Hajipur, District, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area, Hajipur, District, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
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4
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Quiñones GM, Mayeli A, Yushmanov VE, Hetherington HP, Ferrarelli F. Reduced GABA/glutamate in the thalamus of individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1133-1139. [PMID: 33273706 PMCID: PMC8115482 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Youth at clinical high risk (CHR) are a unique population enriched for precursors of major psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia (SCZ). Recent neuroimaging findings point to abnormalities in the thalamus of patients with SCZ, including chronic and early course patients, as well as in CHR individuals relative to healthy comparison groups, thus suggesting that thalamic dysfunctions are present even before illness onset. Furthermore, modeling data indicate that alteration between excitatory and inhibitory control, as reflected by alteration in GABAergic and glutamatergic balance (i.e., GABA/Glu), may underlie thalamic deficits linked to the risk and development of psychosis. There is, however, a lack of in vivo evidence of GABA/Glu thalamic abnormalities in the CHR state. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) 7 Tesla (7 T) provides enhanced resolution to quantify GABA and Glu levels in the thalamus of CHR individuals. In this study, we performed 7 T MRSI in 15 CHR and 20 healthy control (HC) participants. We found that GABA/Glu was significantly reduced in the right medial anterior and right medial posterior thalamus of CHR relative to HC groups. The GABA/Glu reduction was negatively correlated with general symptoms in the right medial anterior thalamus, as well as with disorganization symptoms in the right medial posterior thalamus. Altogether, these findings indicate that GABA/Glu abnormalities are present in the thalamus before the onset of full-blown psychosis and are associated with symptom severity, thus providing putative molecular and neuronal targets for early interventions in youth at CHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo M. Quiñones
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Ahmad Mayeli
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Victor E. Yushmanov
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Hoby P. Hetherington
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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5
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The genetic variations in SAP97 gene and the risk of schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population: a further study. Psychiatr Genet 2020; 30:110-118. [PMID: 32692143 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Based on our previous discovery that SAP97 rs3915512 polymorphism significantly affects the cognitive function of schizophrenia, we further genotyped the other 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) capturing the known common haplotype variations of this gene in a sample including 1014 patients with schizophrenia and 1078 matched controls. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and alleles of the 12 SNPs of SAP97 between the patients and the controls (all P > 0.05). But, in the evaluation of the phenotypic effects of these SNPs on the patients' clinical symptoms and cognitive functions. While patients with minor allele in the rs9843659 polymorphism had higher N5 (difficulty in abstract thinking) scores than that with the main genotype (P = 0.002, Pcor = 0.014), the patients with minor allele in the rs6805920, rs4916461 and rs7638423 had lower verbal memory scores (P = 0.003, 0.003, 0.001, Pcor = 0.021, 0.021, 0.007, respectively) and the P values of these SNPs were still significant after the Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION Our data are further to indicate that the SAP97 gene polymorphisms may affect neurocognitive function especially verbal memory and the first to suggest that the SAP97 rs9843659 polymorphism may influence abstract thinking of schizophrenic patients in the southern Han Chinese population.
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6
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Mi Z, Yang J, He Q, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Shu Y. Alterations of Electrophysiological Properties and Ion Channel Expression in Prefrontal Cortex of a Mouse Model of Schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:554. [PMID: 31920555 PMCID: PMC6927988 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) and juvenile social isolation (SI) are two most prevalent and widely accepted environmental insults that could increase the propensity of psychiatric illnesses. Using a two-hit mouse model, we examined the impact of the combination of these two factors on animal behaviors, neuronal excitability and expressions of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) and small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We found that MIA-SI induced a number of schizophrenia-related behavioral deficits. Patch clamp recordings revealed alterations in electrophysiological properties of PFC layer-5 pyramidal cells, including hyperpolarized resting membrane potential (RMP), increased input resistance and enhanced medium after-hyperpolarization (mAHP). MIA-SI also increased the ratio of the maximal slope of somatodendritic potential to the peak slope of action potential upstroke, indicating a change in perisomatic Nav availability. Consistently, MIA-SI significantly increased the expression level of Nav1.2 and SK3 channels that contribute to the somatodendritic potential and the mAHP, respectively. Together, these changes may alter neuronal signaling in the PFC and behavioral states, representing a molecular imprint of environmental insults associated with neuropsychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Quansheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yousheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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7
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Dupin L, Carment L, Guedj L, Cuenca M, Krebs MO, Maier MA, Amado I, Lindberg PG. Predictive Modulation of Corticospinal Excitability and Implicit Encoding of Movement Probability in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1358-1366. [PMID: 30561714 PMCID: PMC6811836 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability to infer from uncertain information is impaired in schizophrenia and is associated with hallucinations and false beliefs. The accumulation of information is a key process for generating a predictive internal model, which statistically estimates an outcome from a specific situation. This study examines if updating the predictive model by the accumulation of information in absence of feedback is impaired in schizophrenia. We explored the implicit adaptation to the probability of being instructed to perform a movement (33%-Go, 50%-Go, or 66%-Go) in a Go/NoGo task in terms of reaction times (RTs), electromyographic activity, and corticospinal excitability (CSE) of primary motor cortex (M1). CSE was assessed at two time points to evaluate prediction of the upcoming instruction based on previously accumulated information: at rest (preceding the warning signal) and at the Go/NoGo signal onset. Three groups were compared: patients with schizophrenia (n = 20), unaffected siblings (n = 16), and healthy controls (n = 20). Controls and siblings showed earlier movement onset and increased CSE with higher Go probability. CSE adaptation seemed long-lasting, because the two CSE measures, at least 1500 ms apart, strongly correlated. Patients with schizophrenia failed to show movement onset (RT) adaptation and modulation of CSE. In contrast, all groups decreased movement duration with increasing Go probability. Modulation of CSE in the anticipatory phase of the potential movement reflected the estimation of upcoming response probability in unaffected controls and siblings. Impaired modulation of CSE supports the hypothesis that implicit adaptation to probabilistic context is altered in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Dupin
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM-Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Fédération de Recherche en Neurosciences, FR3636, CNRS–Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 102–108 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France; tel: +33 (0)1 40 78 86 63, fax: +33 (0)1 45 80 72 93, e-mail:
| | - Loïc Carment
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM-Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Fédération de Recherche en Neurosciences, FR3636, CNRS–Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laura Guedj
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Macarena Cuenca
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM-Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France,Centre de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Marc A Maier
- Fédération de Recherche en Neurosciences, FR3636, CNRS–Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Amado
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM-Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Påvel G Lindberg
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM-Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Fédération de Recherche en Neurosciences, FR3636, CNRS–Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Mané-Damas M, Hoffmann C, Zong S, Tan A, Molenaar PC, Losen M, Martinez-Martinez P. Autoimmunity in psychotic disorders. Where we stand, challenges and opportunities. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:102348. [PMID: 31323365 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic disorders are debilitating mental illnesses associated with abnormalities in various neurotransmitter systems. The development of disease-modifing therapies has been hampered by the mostly unknown etiologies and pathophysiologies. Autoantibodies against several neuronal antigens are responsible for autoimmune encephalitis. These autoantibodies disrupt neurotransmission within the brain, resulting in a wide range of psychiatric and neurologic manifestations, including psychosis. The overlap of symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis with psychotic disorders raised the question as to whether autoantibodies against a number of receptors, ion channel and associated proteins could ultimately be responsible for some forms of psychosis. Here we review our current knowledge, on antibody mediated autoimmunity in psychotic disorders, the different diagnostic methods and their limitations, as well as on varying therapeutic approaches targeting the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mané-Damas
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Carolin Hoffmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Shenghua Zong
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Amanda Tan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C Molenaar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Mario Losen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Pilar Martinez-Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Ramsay IS. An Activation Likelihood Estimate Meta-analysis of Thalamocortical Dysconnectivity in Psychosis. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:859-869. [PMID: 31202821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalamocortical dysconnectivity is hypothesized to underlie the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and individuals at clinical high risk. Numerous studies have examined connectivity networks seeding from the thalamus during rest, revealing a pattern of thalamo-fronto-cerebellar hypoconnectivity and thalamosensory hyperconnectivity. However, given variability in these networks, as well as their relationships with clinical and cognitive symptoms, thalamocortical connectivity's status as a biomarker and treatment target for psychotic disorders remains unclear. METHODS A literature search was performed to identify thalamic seed-based connectivity studies conducted in patients with psychotic disorders. Activation likelihood estimate analysis examined the reported coordinates for hypoconnectivity (healthy control participants > patients with psychosis) and hyperconnectivity (patients with psychosis > healthy control participants). The relationship between hypoconnectivity and hyperconnectivity, as well as their relationships with clinical and cognitive measures, was meta-analyzed. RESULTS Each activation likelihood estimate included 20 experiments (from 17 publications). Thalamocortical hypoconnectivity was observed in middle frontal, cingulate, and thalamic regions, while hyperconnectivity was observed in motor, somatosensory, temporal, occipital, and insular cortical regions. Meta-analysis of the studies reporting correlations between hypo- and hyperconnectivity showed a strong negative relationship. Meta-analysis of studies reporting correlations between hyperconnectivity and symptoms showed small but significant positive relationships. CONCLUSIONS Activation likelihood estimates of thalamocortical hypoconnectivity revealed a network of prefrontal and thalamic regions, while hyperconnections identified sensory areas. The strong negative relationship between these thalamocortical deflections suggests that they arrive from a common mechanism and may account for aspects of psychosis. These findings identify reliable thalamocortical networks that may guide future studies and serve as crucial treatment targets for psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Ramsay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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10
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Xu X, Liang C, Lv D, Yin J, Luo X, Fu J, Yan H, Zhou X, Dai Z, Zhu D, Xiong S, Lin Z, Lin J, Zhao B, Li Y, Wang Y, Ma G, Li K. Association of the Synapse-Associated Protein 97 ( SAP97) Gene Polymorphism With Neurocognitive Function in Schizophrenic Patients. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:458. [PMID: 30319465 PMCID: PMC6169480 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The SAP97 gene is located in the schizophrenia susceptibility locus 3q29, and it encodes the synaptic scaffolding protein that interacts with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which is presumed to be dysregulated in schizophrenia. In this study, we genotyped a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs3915512) in the SAP97 gene in 1114 patients with schizophrenia and 1036 healthy-matched controls in a Han Chinese population through the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (imLDR) technique. Then, we analyzed the association between this SNP and the patients' clinical symptoms and neurocognitive function. Our results showed that there were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between the patients and the controls for the rs3915512 polymorphism. However, patients with the rs3915512 polymorphism TT genotype had higher neurocognitive function scores (list learning scores, symbol coding scores, category instances scores and controlled oral word association test scores) than the subjects with the A allele (P = 4.72 × 10-5, 0.027, 0.027, 0.013, respectively). Our data are the first to suggest that the SAP97 rs3915512 polymorphism may affect neurocognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dong Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingwen Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xudong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiawu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haifeng Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhun Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dongjian Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Susu Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhixiong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juda Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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12
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating disease that arises on the background of genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors, such as early life stress (ELS). In this study, we show that ELS-induced schizophrenia-like phenotypes in mice correlate with a widespread increase of histone-deacetylase 1 (Hdac1) expression that is linked to altered DNA methylation. Hdac1 overexpression in neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex, but not in the dorsal or ventral hippocampus, mimics schizophrenia-like phenotypes induced by ELS. Systemic administration of an HDAC inhibitor rescues the detrimental effects of ELS when applied after the manifestation of disease phenotypes. In addition to the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, mice subjected to ELS exhibit increased Hdac1 expression in blood. Moreover, Hdac1 levels are increased in blood samples from patients with schizophrenia who had encountered ELS, compared with patients without ELS experience. Our data suggest that HDAC1 inhibition should be considered as a therapeutic approach to treat schizophrenia.
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13
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Chen X, Duan M, He H, Yang M, Klugah-Brown B, Xu H, Lai Y, Luo C, Yao D. Functional abnormalities of the right posterior insula are related to the altered self-experience in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 256:26-32. [PMID: 27662482 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The insula is involved in detecting the salience of internal and external stimuli, and it plays a critical role in psychosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the structural and functional alterations of the insula in schizophrenia. To acquire a full picture of the functional alterations of the insula in schizophrenia, the resting-state fMRI data of 46 patients with schizophrenia and 46 healthy control subjects were collected. We used clustering analysis to divide the insula into three subregions: the dorsal anterior insula (dAI), ventral anterior insula (vAI) and posterior insula (PI). Then, whole-brain functional connectivity analysis was conducted based on these subregions. The results showed that the right dAI and PI in patients exhibited altered functional connections with the primary sensorimotor area. In addition, the right PI of the patients exhibited increased functional correlations with the thalamus. More importantly, the altered functional properties of the right PI were significantly correlated with the severity of the delusion and poor insight in schizophrenia. The results suggested that the right PI might play an important role in self-experience processing in schizophrenia. Accordingly, the right PI should be considered very important in the pathological mechanism of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingjun Duan
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Department of Psychiatry, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui He
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Department of Psychiatry, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Benjamin Klugah-Brown
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxiu Lai
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Hoffmann C, Zong S, Mané-Damas M, Molenaar P, Losen M, Martinez-Martinez P. Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Antibodies (Basel) 2016; 5:antib5020009. [PMID: 31557990 PMCID: PMC6698850 DOI: 10.3390/antib5020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. The identification of autoantibodies targeting the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R), which causes neurological and psychiatric symptoms, has reinvigorated the hypothesis that other patient subgroups may also suffer from an underlying autoimmune condition. In recent years, a wide range of neuropsychiatric diseases and autoantibodies targeting ion-channels or neuronal receptors including NMDA-R, voltage gated potassium channel complex (VGKC complex), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA-R), γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA-R) and dopamine receptor (DR) were studied and conflicting reports have been published regarding the seroprevalence of these autoantibodies. A clear causative role of autoantibodies on psychiatric symptoms has as yet only been shown for the NMDA-R. Several other autoantibodies have been related to the presence of certain symptoms and antibody effector mechanisms have been proposed. However, extensive clinical studies with large multicenter efforts to standardize diagnostic procedures for autoimmune etiology and animal studies are needed to confirm the pathogenicity of these autoantibodies. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of neuronal autoantibodies in the major neuropsychiatric disorders: psychotic, major depression, autism spectrum, obsessive-compulsive and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Hoffmann
- Division Neurosciences, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Shenghua Zong
- Division Neurosciences, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marina Mané-Damas
- Division Neurosciences, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Molenaar
- Division Neurosciences, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mario Losen
- Division Neurosciences, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Pilar Martinez-Martinez
- Division Neurosciences, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Peltola MA, Kuja-Panula J, Liuhanen J, Võikar V, Piepponen P, Hiekkalinna T, Taira T, Lauri SE, Suvisaari J, Kulesskaya N, Paunio T, Rauvala H. AMIGO-Kv2.1 Potassium Channel Complex Is Associated With Schizophrenia-Related Phenotypes. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:191-201. [PMID: 26240432 PMCID: PMC4681558 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The enormous variability in electrical properties of neurons is largely affected by a multitude of potassium channel subunits. Kv2.1 is a widely expressed voltage-dependent potassium channel and an important regulator of neuronal excitability. The Kv2.1 auxiliary subunit AMIGO constitutes an integral part of the Kv2.1 channel complex in brain and regulates the activity of the channel. AMIGO and Kv2.1 localize to the distinct somatodendritic clusters at the neuronal plasma membrane. Here we have created and characterized a mouse line lacking the AMIGO gene. Absence of AMIGO clearly reduced the amount of the Kv2.1 channel protein in mouse brain and altered the electrophysiological properties of neurons. These changes were accompanied by behavioral and pharmacological abnormalities reminiscent of those identified in schizophrenia. Concomitantly, we have detected an association of a rare, population-specific polymorphism of KV2.1 (KCNB1) with human schizophrenia in a genetic isolate enriched with schizophrenia. Our study demonstrates the involvement of AMIGO-Kv2.1 channel complex in schizophrenia-related behavioral domains in mice and identifies KV2.1 (KCNB1) as a strong susceptibility gene for schizophrenia spectrum disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana A. Peltola
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Neuroscience Center, PO Box 56 (Viikinkaari 4), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; tel: +358-2941-57649, fax: +358-2941-57620, e-mail:
| | | | - Johanna Liuhanen
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vootele Võikar
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petteri Piepponen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Hiekkalinna
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Taira
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;,Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari E. Lauri
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;,Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tiina Paunio
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;,Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Rauvala
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Shinagawa S, Naasan G, Karydas AM, Coppola G, Pribadi M, Seeley WW, Trojanowski JQ, Miller BL, Grinberg LT. Clinicopathological Study of Patients With C9ORF72-Associated Frontotemporal Dementia Presenting With Delusions. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2015; 28:99-107. [PMID: 25342578 PMCID: PMC4408221 DOI: 10.1177/0891988714554710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical studies point to a high prevalence of psychotic symptoms in frontotemporal dementia associated with C9ORF72 mutations, but clinicopathological studies addressing the association between C9ORF72 mutations and delusions are lacking. METHOD Seventeen patients with pathologically proven frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) associated with C9ORF72 mutations were identified from Neurodegenerative Disease Brain Bank. Of the 17 cases with C9ORF72 mutation, 4 exhibited well-defined delusions. The clinical history, neurological examination, neuropsychological testing, neuroimaging analysis, and postmortem assessment of the patients with delusions were evaluated and compared with the other cases. RESULT The content of the delusions was mixed including persecution, infidelity, and grandiosity. All cases showed parkinsonism; voxel-based morphometry analysis showed greater precuneus atrophy in patients with delusions than those without delusions. All 4 had unclassifiable FTLD with TAR DNA-binding protein inclusions, with characteristics of both type A and type B. Three cases had additional τ pathology and another had α-synuclein pathology. CONCLUSION C9ORF72 carriers with well-defined delusions likely associated with additional pathologies and parietal atrophy in neuroimaging. Patients presenting with middle-aged onset of delusions should be screened for C9ORF72 mutations, especially if family history and parkinsonism are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Shinagawa
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Georges Naasan
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anna M. Karydas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mochtar Pribadi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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17
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Vukadinovic Z. Elevated striatal dopamine attenuates nigrothalamic inputs and impairs transthalamic cortico-cortical communication in schizophrenia: A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Bista P, Cerina M, Ehling P, Leist M, Pape HC, Meuth SG, Budde T. The role of two-pore-domain background K⁺ (K₂p) channels in the thalamus. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:895-905. [PMID: 25346156 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The thalamocortical system is characterized by two fundamentally different activity states, namely synchronized burst firing and tonic action potential generation, which mainly occur during the behavioral states of sleep and wakefulness, respectively. The switch between the two firing modes is crucially governed by the bidirectional modulation of members of the K2P channel family, namely tandem of P domains in a weakly inward rectifying K(+) (TWIK)-related acid-sensitive K(+) (TASK) and TWIK-related K(+) (TREK) channels, in thalamocortical relay (TC) neurons. Several physicochemical stimuli including neurotransmitters, protons, di- and multivalent cations as well as clinically used drugs have been shown to modulate K2P channels in these cells. With respect to modulation of these channels by G-protein-coupled receptors, PLCβ plays a unique role with both substrate breakdown and product synthesis exerting important functions. While the degradation of PIP2 leads to the closure of TREK channels, the production of DAG induces the inhibition of TASK channels. Therefore, TASK and TREK channels were found to be central elements in the control of thalamic activity modes. Since research has yet focused on identifying the muscarinic pathway underling the modulation of TASK and TREK channels in TC neurons, future studies should address other thalamic cell types and members of the K2P channel family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Bista
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, 48149, Münster, Germany
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19
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Kudumija Slijepcevic M, Jukic V, Novalic D, Zarkovic-Palijan T, Milosevic M, Rosenzweig I. Alcohol abuse as the strongest risk factor for violent offending in patients with paranoid schizophrenia. Croat Med J 2014; 55:156-62. [PMID: 24778102 PMCID: PMC4009715 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2014.55.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine predictive risk factors for violent offending in patients with paranoid schizophrenia in Croatia. Method The cross-sectional study including male in-patients with paranoid schizophrenia with (N = 104) and without (N = 102) history of physical violence and violent offending was conducted simultaneously in several hospitals in Croatia during one-year period (2010-2011). Data on their sociodemographic characteristics, duration of untreated illness phase (DUP), alcohol abuse, suicidal behavior, personality features, and insight into illness were collected and compared between the groups. Binary logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of violent offending. Results Predictors of violent offending were older age, DUP before first contact with psychiatric services, and alcohol abuse. Regression model showed that the strongest positive predictive factor was harmful alcohol use, as determined by AUDIT test (odds ratio 37.01; 95% confidence interval 5.20-263.24). Psychopathy, emotional stability, and conscientiousness were significant positive predictive factors, while extroversion, pleasantness, and intellect were significant negative predictive factors for violent offending. Conclusion This study found an association between alcohol abuse and the risk for violent offending in paranoid schizophrenia. We hope that this finding will help improve public and mental health prevention strategies in this vulnerable patient group.
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20
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Vukadinovic Z. NMDA receptor hypofunction and the thalamus in schizophrenia. Physiol Behav 2014; 131:156-9. [PMID: 24792662 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The thalamus can be subdivided into two kinds of nuclei, the higher order (HO) and the first order (FO) relays, which are distinguished based on the origin of their main or driver inputs. The driver inputs to the HO nuclei arrive from the cortex, and the messages they deliver are then relayed to other cortical areas. As the origin of these inputs is the cortical layer V, whose axons branch and innervate lower motor centers in the CNS, the messages are copies of motor instructions issued to those lower motor centers. These copies are thus an integral part of perceptual processes. In schizophrenia, the HO nuclei are shrunken suggesting that a reduced ability to integrate copies of ongoing motor commands in perceptual processes may be one part of the underlying pathophysiology. The driver inputs in the thalamus utilize ionotropic glutamate receptors such as the NMDAR. NMDAR antagonists may exert their pro-psychotic effects by impairing the function of the HO nuclei. Here, we argue that such agents (or the proposed NMDAR hypofunction in schizophrenia) weaken the driver inputs in the HO nuclei, thereby producing a cortico-thalamo-cortical disconnection and impairing sensorimotor integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Vukadinovic
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, United States.
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21
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Valproate reverts zinc and potassium imbalance in schizophrenia-derived reprogrammed cells. Schizophr Res 2014; 154:30-5. [PMID: 24593932 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been considered a devastating clinical syndrome rather than a single disease. Nevertheless, the mechanisms behind the onset of schizophrenia have been only partially elucidated. Several studies propose that levels of trace elements are abnormal in schizophrenia; however, conflicting data generated from different biological sources prevent conclusions being drawn. In this work, we used synchrotron radiation X-ray microfluorescence spectroscopy to compare trace element levels in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from two clones of induced pluripotent stem cell lines of a clozapine-resistant schizophrenic patient and two controls. Our data reveal the presence of elevated levels of potassium and zinc in schizophrenic NPCs. Neural cells treated with valproate, an adjunctive medication for schizophrenia, brought potassium and zinc content back to control levels. These results expand the understanding of atomic element imbalance related to schizophrenia and may provide novel insights for the screening of drugs to treat mental disorders.
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22
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Disruption of thalamocortical activity in schizophrenia models: relevance to antipsychotic drug action. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:2145-63. [PMID: 23809188 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145713000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists are widely used as pharmacological models of schizophrenia due to their ability to evoke the symptoms of the illness. Likewise, serotonergic hallucinogens, acting on 5-HT(2A) receptors, induce perceptual and behavioural alterations possibly related to psychotic symptoms. The neurobiological basis of these alterations is not fully elucidated. Data obtained in recent years revealed that the NMDA receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) and the serotonergic hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane; DOI) produce a series of common actions in rodent prefrontal cortex (PFC) that may underlie psychotomimetic effects. Hence, both agents markedly disrupt PFC function by altering pyramidal neuron discharge (with an overall increase) and reducing the power of low frequency cortical oscillations (LFCO; < 4 Hz). In parallel, PCP increased c-fos expression in excitatory neurons of various cortical areas, the thalamus and other subcortical structures, such as the amygdala. Electrophysiological studies revealed that PCP altered similarly the function of the centromedial and mediodorsal nuclei of the thalamus, reciprocally connected with PFC, suggesting that its psychotomimetic properties are mediated by an alteration of thalamocortical activity (the effect of DOI was not examined in the thalamus). Interestingly, the observed effects were prevented or reversed by the antipsychotic drugs clozapine and haloperidol, supporting that the disruption of PFC activity is intimately related to the psychotomimetic activity of these agents. Overall, the present experimental model can be successfully used to elucidate the neurobiological basis of schizophrenia symptoms and to examine the potential antipsychotic activity of new drugs in development.
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23
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Martinez-Martinez P, Molenaar PC, Losen M, Stevens J, Baets MHD, Szoke A, Honnorat J, Tamouza R, Leboyer M, Os JV, Rutten BPF. Autoantibodies to neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels: from neuromuscular to neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Genet 2013; 4:181. [PMID: 24065983 PMCID: PMC3778371 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes of voltage-gated ion channels and ligand-gated receptor channels caused by mutation or autoimmune attack are the cause of so-called channelopathies in the central and peripheral nervous system. We present the pathophysiology of channelopathies of the neuromuscular junction in terms of loss-of-function and gain-of-function principles. Autoantibodies generally have reduced access to the central nervous system, but in some cases this is enough to cause disease. A review is provided of recent findings implicating autoantibodies against ligand-activated receptor channels and potassium channels in psychiatric and neurological disorders, including schizophrenia and limbic encephalitis. The emergence of channelopathy-related neuropsychiatric disorders has implications for research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Martinez-Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
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24
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Abstract
Recent neuroscience advances suggest that when interacting with our environment, along with previous experience, we use contextual cues and regularities to form predictions that guide our perceptions and actions. The goal of such active "predictive sensing" is to selectively enhance the processing and representation of behaviorally relevant information in an efficient manner. Since a hallmark of schizophrenia is impaired information selection, we tested whether this deficiency stems from dysfunctional predictive sensing by measuring the degree to which neuronal activity predicts relevant events. In healthy subjects, we established that these mechanisms are engaged in an effort-dependent manner and that, based on a correspondence between human scalp and intracranial nonhuman primate recordings, their main role is a predictive suppression of excitability in task-irrelevant regions. In contrast, schizophrenia patients displayed a reduced alignment of neuronal activity to attended stimuli, which correlated with their behavioral performance deficits and clinical symptoms. These results support the relevance of predictive sensing for normal and aberrant brain function, and highlight the importance of neuronal mechanisms that mold internal ongoing neuronal activity to model key features of the external environment.
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25
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Rosenzweig I, Williams SC, Morrell MJ. CrossTalk opposing view: the intermittent hypoxia attending severe obstructive sleep apnoea does not lead to alterations in brain structure and function. J Physiol 2013; 591:383-5; discussion 387,389. [PMID: 23322287 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.241224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Rosenzweig
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK
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26
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Imbrici P, Camerino DC, Tricarico D. Major channels involved in neuropsychiatric disorders and therapeutic perspectives. Front Genet 2013; 4:76. [PMID: 23675382 PMCID: PMC3646240 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels are important mediators of physiological functions in the central nervous system. The cyclic activation of these channels influences neurotransmitter release, neuron excitability, gene transcription, and plasticity, providing distinct brain areas with unique physiological and pharmacological response. A growing body of data has implicated ion channels in the susceptibility or pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases. Indeed, population studies support the association of polymorphisms in calcium and potassium channels with the genetic risk for bipolar disorders (BPDs) or schizophrenia. Moreover, point mutations in calcium, sodium, and potassium channel genes have been identified in some childhood developmental disorders. Finally, antibodies against potassium channel complexes occur in a series of autoimmune psychiatric diseases. Here we report recent studies assessing the role of calcium, sodium, and potassium channels in BPD, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders, and briefly summarize promising pharmacological strategies targeted on ion channels for the therapy of mental illness and related genetic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Imbrici
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Science, University of Bari Bari, Italy
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27
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Cannabis, psychosis and the thalamus: A theoretical review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:658-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Rosenzweig I, Williams SC, Morrell MJ. Rebuttal from Ivana Rosenzweig, Steven C. Williams and Mary J. Morrell. J Physiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.246157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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29
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Pynn LK, DeSouza JFX. The function of efference copy signals: implications for symptoms of schizophrenia. Vision Res 2012; 76:124-33. [PMID: 23159418 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efference copy signals are used to reduce cognitive load by decreasing sensory processing of reafferent information (those incoming sensory signals that are produced by an organism's own motor output). Attenuated sensory processing of self-generated afferents is seen across species and in multiple sensory systems involving many different neural structures and circuits including both cortical and subcortical structures with thalamic nuclei playing a particularly important role. It has been proposed that the failure to disambiguate self-induced from externally generated sensory input may cause some of the positive symptoms in schizophrenia such as auditory hallucinations and delusions of passivity. Here, we review the current data on the role of efference copy signals within different sensory modalities as well as the behavioral, structural and functional abnormalities in clinical groups that support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Pynn
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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Rosenzweig I, Vukadinovic Z, Turner AJ, Catani M. Neuroconnectivity and valproic acid: the myelin hypothesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:1848-56. [PMID: 22652270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric medications that directly alter the epigenome, such as valproic acid, can under certain conditions reactivate critical developmental periods and thus impact adult neuroconnectivity. In animal models valproic acid was shown to inhibit the process of postnatal myelination and to replicate age-dependent decline in remyelination efficiency. The human central nervous system's myelination process, unlike that of non-human primates commonly used in the experimental models, is an intricate heterochronous process that continues well into adult life and which probably underlies later life neurocognitive changes and plasticity. Chronic exposure to valproic acid, especially in patients with epilepsy and neuropsychiatric disorders, may profoundly affect this process and its developmental trajectory. Further studies using novel MRI methods that allow in vivo mapping of myelination trajectories across the lifespan are urgently required to address the potential effects of valproic acid on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Rosenzweig
- Academic Unit of Sleep and Department of Psychiatry, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
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Does steroid sulfatase deficiency influence postpartum psychosis risk? Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:256-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
AbstractSchizophrenia is a disorder characterized by a variety of symptoms, which among others include hallucinations, delusions and passivity experiences. It has been found that individuals with schizophrenia misattribute their own thoughts and actions to an outside agency (source monitoring deficits), which could account for psychotic experiences such as that of hearing voices. In order to explain the source-monitoring deficits as well as psychosis, it has been proposed that mechanisms that enable anticipation and recognition of sensory consequences of one’s own actions are impaired in schizophrenia. Importantly, such mechanisms may require accurate cortical sensory representations such as in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). The establishment and maintenance of cortical sensory representations has been found to utilize a sleep-related brain rhythm known as spindling. Namely, in the perinatal period in humans and animals, and possibly also thereafter, spontaneous activity in the sensory periphery drives spindle activity in the developing cortical sensory areas, which then contributes to the formation of sensory representations that match bodily features. For example, muscle twitch-spindle sequences during sleep facilitate the formation and maintenance of S1 in accordance with the layout of musculature. This process has been proposed to continue throughout the lifespan and may be particularly important during periods of bodily changes (adolescence, menopause). In schizophrenia, the amount of sleep spindle activity is markedly reduced, which would be expected to result in insufficient cortical sensory representations and have relevance for the relative inability of individuals with schizophrenia to accurately recognize self-initiated actions.
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Similarities between cortical “up” states during slow wave sleep and wakefulness: the implications for schizophrenia. Transl Neurosci 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s13380-012-0004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNegative and positive symptoms are defining features of schizophrenia. This illness is commonly associated with a number of cognitive and affective deficits as well as with some more specific sleep abnormalities. It has been previously proposed that psychosis and positive symptoms in schizophrenia could be understood as disorders of internal brain dynamics. This proposed disordered network interplay might be particularly displayed during sleep when modulation by the senses is at the minimum. It is argued here that sleep abnormalities in schizophrenia inform our understanding of the pathomechanisms involved in psychosis. More specifically, sleep spindle initiation in NREM sleep and the preparation of sensory pathways for upcoming motor actions during wakefulness may share a common mechanism, and this shared mechanism is suggested to be impaired in schizophrenia.
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