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Unal GA, Kenar ANI. Association of Age and Response to Methylphenidate HCL Treatment in Adult ADHD: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:317-324. [PMID: 38405424 PMCID: PMC10893786 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s442655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the age-dependent effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on brain metabolites including choline (Cho), N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and creatine (Cr) levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), striatum, cerebellum, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) regions of the brain in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Patients and Methods The study was included 60 patients with ADHD between the ages of 18 and 60 years. The patients were grouped with respect to their ages as follows: 18-24 years, 25-30 years, and 31 and over years. Levels of NAA, Cr and Cho in DLPFC, ACC, cerebellum and striatum were measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Subjects were then given 10 mg of oral MPH and the same metabolite levels were measured 30 minutes apart. Results Twelve (20%) of the cases were female and 48 (80%) were male. The age distribution of the cases is as follows: 15 subjects between the ages of 18-24, 26 subjects between the ages of 25-30 and 19 subjects over the age of 30. NAA levels were higher after MPH in the DLPFC of the 18-24 age group (p = 0.016) and in the cerebellum of the 25-30 age group (p = 0.041). No increase in Cho and Cr levels was observed after treatment compared to before (p > 0.05). Conclusion It is thought that treatment of MPH can be effective on metabolites in different brain regions and this effect can vary upon age adult ADHD patients. After MPH treatment, both the 18-24 age group (in the DLPFC) and the 25-30 age group (in the cerebellum) was detected significantly higher NAA levels compared to pre-treatment levels. This increase in NAA levels suggested that pharmacotherapy, especially at early ages, may be effective on neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayse Nur Inci Kenar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Zacharopoulos G, Sella F, Emir U, Cohen Kadosh R. Dissecting the chain of information processing and its interplay with neurochemicals and fluid intelligence across development. eLife 2023; 12:e84086. [PMID: 37772958 PMCID: PMC10541179 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has highlighted the role of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in perceptual, cognitive, and motor tasks. However, the exact involvement of these neurochemical mechanisms in the chain of information processing, and across human development, is unclear. In a cross-sectional longitudinal design, we used a computational approach to dissociate cognitive, decision, and visuomotor processing in 293 individuals spanning early childhood to adulthood. We found that glutamate and GABA within the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) explained unique variance in visuomotor processing, with higher glutamate predicting poorer visuomotor processing in younger participants but better visuomotor processing in mature participants, while GABA showed the opposite pattern. These findings, which were neurochemically, neuroanatomically and functionally specific, were replicated ~21 mo later and were generalized in two further different behavioral tasks. Using resting functional MRI, we revealed that the relationship between IPS neurochemicals and visuomotor processing is mediated by functional connectivity in the visuomotor network. We then extended our findings to high-level cognitive behavior by predicting fluid intelligence performance. We present evidence that fluid intelligence performance is explained by IPS GABA and glutamate and is mediated by visuomotor processing. However, this evidence was obtained using an uncorrected alpha and needs to be replicated in future studies. These results provide an integrative biological and psychological mechanistic explanation that links cognitive processes and neurotransmitters across human development and establishes their potential involvement in intelligent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Zacharopoulos
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Swansea UniversitySwanseaUnited Kingdom
| | - Francesco Sella
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUnited Kingdom
| | - Uzay Emir
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of SurreyGuildfordUnited Kingdom
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3
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Shen Z, Li W, Chang W, Yue N, Yu J. Sex differences in chronic pain-induced mental disorders: Mechanisms of cerebral circuitry. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1102808. [PMID: 36891517 PMCID: PMC9986270 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1102808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders such as anxiety and depression induced by chronic pain are common in clinical practice, and there are significant sex differences in their epidemiology. However, the circuit mechanism of this difference has not been fully studied, as preclinical studies have traditionally excluded female rodents. Recently, this oversight has begun to be resolved and studies including male and female rodents are revealing sex differences in the neurobiological processes behind mental disorder features. This paper reviews the structural functions involved in the injury perception circuit and advanced emotional cortex circuit. In addition, we also summarize the latest breakthroughs and insights into sex differences in neuromodulation through endogenous dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, GABAergic inhibition, norepinephrine, and peptide pathways like oxytocin, as well as their receptors. By comparing sex differences, we hope to identify new therapeutic targets to offer safer and more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqi Shen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Chang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Yue
- Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Emerging findings of glutamate-glutamine imbalance in the medial prefrontal cortex in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of spectroscopy studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1395-1411. [PMID: 35322293 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in investigating the neurobiology of ADHD is our limited capacity to study its neurochemistry in vivo. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) estimates metabolite concentrations within the brain, but approaches and findings have been heterogeneous. To assess differences in brain metabolites between patients with ADHD and healthy controls, we searched 12 databases screening for MRS studies. Studies were divided into 'children and adolescents' and 'adults' and meta-analyses were performed for each brain region with more than five studies. The quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Thirty-three studies met our eligibility criteria, including 874 patients with ADHD. Primary analyses revealed that the right medial frontal area of children with ADHD presented higher concentrations of a composite of glutamate and glutamine (p = 0.02, SMD = 0.53). Glutamate might be implicated in pruning and neurodegenerative processes as an excitotoxin, while glutamine excess might signal a glutamate depletion that could hinder neurotrophic activity. Both neuro metabolites could be implicated in the differential cortical thinning observed in patients with ADHD across all ages. Notably, more homogeneous designs and reporting guidelines are the key factors to determine how suitable MRS is for research and, perhaps, for clinical psychiatry. Results of this meta-analysis provided an overall map of the brain regions evaluated so far, addressed the role of glutamatergic metabolites in the pathophysiology of ADHD, and pointed to new perspectives for consistent use of the tool in the field.
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Chen C, Tallman MJ, Cecil KM, Patino LR, Blom TJ, DelBello MP, McNamara RK. Symptom Profiles, But Not Prefrontal Neurochemistry, Differentiate ADHD Youth With and Without a Family History of Bipolar I Disorder. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1762-1773. [PMID: 35658594 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To identify clinical and central features that differentiate ADHD youth with and without familial risk for bipolar I disorder (BD). Methods: Psychostimulant-free ADHD youth (10-18 years) with and without a first-degree relative with BD and healthy controls were enrolled. Bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) scans and a range of symptom ratings were performed. Results: A total of n = 145 youth were enrolled. ADHD youth with a family history of BD exhibited greater manic and depressive symptom severity, ADHD hyperactivity/impulsive symptom severity, and higher parent-reported ratings of dysregulation compared with ADHD youth without a BD family history. Although VLPFC metabolite levels did not differ across groups, choline levels in the left VLPFC correlated with different symptom ratings. Conclusion: Symptom profiles including more severe mood and externalizing symptoms, but not VLPFC neurochemistry, differentiate psychostimulant-free ADHD youth with and without a family history of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kim M Cecil
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Blom
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
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Zacharopoulos G, Emir U, Cohen Kadosh R. The cross-sectional interplay between neurochemical profile and brain connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2722-2733. [PMID: 33835605 PMCID: PMC8127145 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurochemical profile and brain connectivity are both critical aspects of brain function. However, our knowledge of their interplay across development is currently poor. We combined single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy and resting functional magnetic resonance imaging in a cross-sectional sample spanning from childhood to adulthood which was reassessed in ~1.5 years (N = 293). We revealed the developmental trajectories of 20 neurochemicals in two key developmental brain regions (the intraparietal sulcus, IPS, and the middle frontal gyrus, MFG). We found that certain neurochemicals exhibited similar developmental trajectories across the two regions, while other trajectories were region-specific. Crucially, we mapped the connectivity of the brain regions IPS and MFG to the rest of the brain across development as a function of regional glutamate and GABA concentration. We demonstrated that glutamate concentration within the IPS is modulated by age in explaining IPS connectivity with frontal, temporal and parietal regions. In mature participants, higher glutamate within the IPS was related to more negative connectivity while the opposite pattern was found for younger participants. Our findings offer specific developmental insights on the interplay between the brain's resting activity and the glutamatergic system both of which are crucial for regulating normal functioning and are dysregulated in several clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Zacharopoulos
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Uzay Emir
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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7
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Vidor MV, Panzenhagen AC, Martins AR, Cupertino RB, Bandeira CE, Rohde LA, Rovaris DL, Bau CHD, Grevet EH. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and brain metabolites from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021; 43:1-8. [PMID: 33681905 PMCID: PMC7932040 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2019-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite major advances in the study of the brain, investigations on neurochemistry in vivo still lack the solid ground of more established methods, such as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a technique that might potentially fill in this gap. Nevertheless, studies using this approach feature great methodological heterogeneity, such as varying voxel of choice, differences on emphasized metabolites, and absence of a standardized unit. In this study, we present a methodology for creating a systematic review and meta-analysis for this kind of scientific evidence using the prototypical case of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Systematic review registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42018112418.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Vinícius Vidor
- Programa de Transtornos de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade em Adultos (ProDAH-A), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Alana Castro Panzenhagen
- Programa de Transtornos de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade em Adultos (ProDAH-A), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica , UFRGS , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Renata Basso Cupertino
- Programa de Transtornos de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade em Adultos (ProDAH-A), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Vermont , Burlington . VT , USA
| | - Cibele Edom Bandeira
- Programa de Transtornos de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade em Adultos (ProDAH-A), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- Departamento de Genética , Instituto de Biociências , UFRGS , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento (INPD), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Programa de Transtornos de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade em Adultos (ProDAH-A), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas , Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- Programa de Transtornos de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade em Adultos (ProDAH-A), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- Departamento de Genética , Instituto de Biociências , UFRGS , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Eugênio Horácio Grevet
- Programa de Transtornos de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade em Adultos (ProDAH-A), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
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8
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Ohta H, Aoki YY, Itahashi T, Kanai C, Fujino J, Nakamura M, Kato N, Hashimoto RI. White matter alterations in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in relation to sensory profile. Mol Autism 2020; 11:77. [PMID: 33070774 PMCID: PMC7570037 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high rates of co-occurrence and share atypical behavioral characteristics, including sensory symptoms. The present diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study was conducted to examine whether and how white matter alterations are observed in adult populations with developmental disorders (DD) and to determine how brain–sensory relationships are either shared between or distinct to ASD and ADHD. Methods We collected DTI data from adult population with DD (a primary diagnosis of ASD: n = 105, ADHD: n = 55) as well as age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) participants (n = 58). Voxel-wise fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity (RD) were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics. The severities of sensory symptoms were assessed using the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). Results Categorical analyses identified voxel clusters showing significant effects of DD on FA and RD in the posterior portion of the corpus callosum and its extension in the right hemisphere. Furthermore, regression analyses using the AASP scores revealed that slopes in relationships of FA or RD with the degree of sensory symptoms were parallel between the two DDs in large parts of the affected corpus callosum regions. A small but significant cluster did exist showing difference in association between an AASP subscale score and RD across ASD and ADHD. Limitations Wide age range of the participants may be oversimplified. Conclusions These results indicate that white matter alteration and their relationships to sensory symptoms are largely shared between ASD and ADHD, with localized abnormalities showing significant between-diagnosis differences within DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhisa Ohta
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11, Kita-Karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8577, Japan
| | - Yuta Y Aoki
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11, Kita-Karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Itahashi
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11, Kita-Karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8577, Japan
| | - Chieko Kanai
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11, Kita-Karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8577, Japan
| | - Junya Fujino
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11, Kita-Karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8577, Japan
| | - Motoaki Nakamura
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11, Kita-Karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8577, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Kato
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11, Kita-Karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8577, Japan
| | - Ryu-Ichiro Hashimoto
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11, Kita-Karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8577, Japan. .,Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan.
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Itahashi T, Fujino J, Hashimoto RI, Tachibana Y, Sato T, Ohta H, Nakamura M, Kato N, Eickhoff SB, Cortese S, Aoki YY. Transdiagnostic subtyping of males with developmental disorders using cortical characteristics. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102288. [PMID: 32526684 PMCID: PMC7284124 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Overlapping diagnosis and within-diagnosis heterogeneity was often reported in ASD. ASD and ADHD were subtyped regardless of diagnosis using cortical characteristics. The analysis revealed the number of subtypes as two. The boundary of the subtypes did not match the diagnostic boundary. The membership of subtypes was robust against the choice of an atlas.
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are biologically heterogeneous and often co-occur. As within-diagnosis heterogeneity and overlapping diagnoses are challenging for researchers and clinicians, identifying biologically homogenous subgroups, independent of diagnosis, is an urgent need. Methods MRI data from 148 adult males with developmental disorders (99 primary ASD, mean age = 31.7 ± 8.0, 49 primary ADHD; mean age = 31.7 ± 9.6) and 105 neurotypical controls (NTC; mean age = 30.6 ± 6.8) were analyzed. We extracted mean cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) values using a functional atlas. Then, we conducted HeterogeneitY through DiscRiminant Analysis (HYDRA) to transdiagnostically cluster and classify individuals. Differences in diagnostic likelihood and clinical symptoms between subtypes were tested. Sensitivity analyses tested the stability of the number of subtypes and their membership by excluding 13 participants diagnosed with both ASD and ADHD and by using a different atlas. Results In relation to both CT and SA, HYDRA identified two subtypes. The likelihood of ASD or ADHD was not significantly different from the chance of belonging to any of these two subtypes. Clinical characteristics did not differ between subtypes in either CT or SA based analyses. The high consistency in membership was replicated when utilizing a different atlas or excluding people with dual diagnoses in CT (dice coefficients > 0.94) and in SA (>0.88). Conclusion Although the brain-derived subtypes do not match diagnostic groups, individuals with developmental disorders were successfully and stably subtyped using either CT or SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Itahashi
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Fujino
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu-Ichiro Hashimoto
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tachibana
- Division of Infant and Toddler Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Sato
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Ohta
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Nakamura
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Kato
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Samuele Cortese
- New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Innovation in Mental Health, Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yuta Y Aoki
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Endres D, Tebartz van Elst L, Maier SJ, Feige B, Goll P, Meyer SA, Matthies S, Domschke K, Lange T, Sobanski E, Philipsen A, Nickel K, Perlov E. Neurochemical sex differences in adult ADHD patients: an MRS study. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:50. [PMID: 31665071 PMCID: PMC6821019 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Relevant sex differences in symptomatology are discussed. This study compared brain neurometabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left cerebellar hemisphere in age- and IQ-matched adult male (mADHD) and female (fADHD) ADHD patients. METHODS We studied 48 (ACC) and 42 (cerebellum) male/female pairs of stimulant-free patients with adult ADHD. Single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to investigate creatine (Cre), total choline (t-Cho), glutamate + glutamine (Glx), N-acetylaspartate, and myo-inositol. The mADHD and fADHD groups were compared using robust linear regression. The level of significance was corrected for multiple tests using the Benjamini-Hochberg approach. RESULTS For the ACC, the signals of Cre (p = 0.008) and t-Cho (p = 0.004) showed significant effects of the age covariate as well as an interaction of sex and age (Cre: p = 0.033; t-Cho: p = 0.040). For the Glx signal, an interaction of sex and age could also be observed (p = 0.033). For cerebellar neurometabolites, the signals of t-Cho (p = 0.049) and Glx (p = 0.049) showed significant effects of the factor sex. CONCLUSION This is the largest study yet to analyze sex differences in brain neurochemistry in adult patients with ADHD. Different age-dependent t-Cho signals in the ACC might be associated with delayed myelinization in mADHD. Further MRS studies in adult ADHD, accounting for possible sex effects, are warranted to validate the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Endres
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon J. Maier
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Goll
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon A. Meyer
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Swantje Matthies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther Sobanski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Clinical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evgeniy Perlov
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic for Psychiatry Luzern, St. Urban, Switzerland
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Vieira de Melo BB, Trigueiro MJ, Rodrigues PP. Systematic overview of neuroanatomical differences in ADHD: Definitive evidence. Dev Neuropsychol 2017; 43:52-68. [DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2017.1414821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bastos Vieira de Melo
- Occupational Therapy Department, Higher School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Vigo
| | - Maria João Trigueiro
- Occupational Therapy Department, Higher School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pereira Rodrigues
- CINTESIS & Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Aoki Y, Cortese S, Tansella M. Neural bases of atypical emotional face processing in autism: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 16:291-300. [PMID: 25264291 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2014.957719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to outline the neural correlates of atypical emotional face processing in individuals with ASD. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted through electronic databases to identify functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of whole brain analysis with emotional-face processing tasks in individuals with ASD. The Signed Differential Mapping with random effects model was used to conduct meta-analyses. Identified fMRI studies were further divided into sub-groups based on contrast ("emotional-face vs. non-emotional-face" or "emotional-face vs. non-face") to confirm the results of a meta-analysis of the whole studies. RESULTS Thirteen studies with 226 individuals with ASD and 251 typically developing people were identified. We found ASD-related hyperactivation in subcortical structures, including bilateral thalamus, bilateral caudate, and right precuneus, and ASD-related hypoactivation in the hypothalamus during emotional-face processing. Sub-analyses with more homogeneous contrasts preserved the findings of the main analysis such as hyperactivation in sub-cortical structure. Jackknife analyses showed that hyperactivation of the left caudate was the most robust finding. CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in the subcortical structures, such as amygdala, hypothalamus and basal ganglia, are associated with atypical emotional-face processing in individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Aoki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
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Castellanos FX, Aoki Y. Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Science in Development. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2016; 1:253-261. [PMID: 27713929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) without an explicit task, i.e., resting state fMRI, of individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is growing rapidly. Early studies were unaware of the vulnerability of this method to even minor degrees of head motion, a major concern in the field. Recent efforts are implementing various strategies to address this source of artifact along with a growing set of analytical tools. Availability of the ADHD-200 Consortium dataset, a large-scale multi-site repository, is facilitating increasingly sophisticated approaches. In parallel, investigators are beginning to explicitly test the replicability of published findings. In this narrative review, we sketch out broad, overarching hypotheses being entertained while noting methodological uncertainties. Current hypotheses implicate the interplay of default, cognitive control (frontoparietal) and attention (dorsal, ventral, salience) networks in ADHD; functional connectivities of reward-related and amygdala-related circuits are also supported as substrates for dimensional aspects of ADHD. Before these can be further specified and definitively tested, we assert the field must take on the challenge of mapping the "topography" of the analytical space, i.e., determining the sensitivities of results to variations in acquisition, analysis, demographic and phenotypic parameters. Doing so with openly available datasets will provide the needed foundation for delineating typical and atypical developmental trajectories of brain structure and function in neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD when applied to large-scale multi-site prospective longitudinal studies such as the forthcoming Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Xavier Castellanos
- The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY
| | - Yuta Aoki
- The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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Ozturk O, Alacam H, Basay BK, Basay O, Buber A, Ay OI, Agladıoglu K, Erdal ME, Herken H. The Effect of Single Dose Methylphenidate on Neurometabolites according to COMT Gene Val158Met Polymorphism in the Patient with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Study Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 14:184-93. [PMID: 27121430 PMCID: PMC4857871 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2016.14.2.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the effects of a single dose of methylphenidate (Mph) on neurometabolite levels according to polymorphisms of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene. METHODS This study evaluated the neurometabolite levels including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), and choline (Cho) of ADHD patients, before and after treatment with Mph (10 mg) according to the presence of COMT polymorphisms. The spectra were obtained from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), cerebellum, and striatum. RESULTS The NAA levels of the val/val and val genotype carriers (val/val and val/met genotypes) increased in the DLPFC and ACC, respectively, following Mph treatment. The NAA/Cr ratio was lower in the DLPFC of val carriers than in the met/met genotype carriers prior to Mph administration. The Cho levels of the val/met genotype and val carriers increased in the striatum following Mph treatment. Following Mph treatment, the Cr levels of the met/met genotype carriers were higher than those of the val/met genotype and val carriers. Additionally, after Mph treatment, there was a significant increase in Cr levels in the DLPFC of the met/met genotype carriers but a significant decrease in such levels in the striatum of val/val genotype carriers. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that polymorphisms of the COMT gene can account for individual differences in neurochemical responses to Mph among ADHD patients. Therefore, further studies are needed to fully characterize the effects of the Val158met polymorphism of the COMT gene on treatment outcomes in patients with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Ozturk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Alacam
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Burge Kabukcu Basay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Omer Basay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Buber
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Izci Ay
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kadir Agladıoglu
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli
| | - Mehmet Emin Erdal
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hasan Herken
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Başay Ö, Kabukcu Basay B, Alacam H, Ozturk O, Buber A, Gorucu Yilmaz S, Kıroğlu Y, Erdal ME, Herken H. The impact of synapsin III gene on the neurometabolite level alterations after single-dose methylphenidate in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:1141-9. [PMID: 27274248 PMCID: PMC4869780 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the neurometabolite level changes according to synapsin III gene rs133945G>A and rs133946C>G polymorphisms by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Fifty-seven adults diagnosed with ADHD were recruited for the study. The participants were examined by single-voxel (1)H MRS when medication naïve and 30 minutes after oral administration of 10 mg methylphenidate (Mph). Those who had been on a stimulant discontinued the medication 48 hours before MRS imaging. Spectra were taken from the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum, and N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline, and creatine levels were examined. For genotyping of the synapsin III gene polymorphisms, DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. The effects of age, sex, and ADHD subtypes were controlled in the analyses. RESULTS After a single dose of Mph, choline levels increased significantly in the striatum of rs133945G>A polymorphism-GG genotypes (P=0.020) and NAA levels rose in the anterior cingulate cortex of rs133946C>G polymorphism-CG genotypes (P=0.014). Both rs133945G>A and rs133946C>G polymorphisms were found to statistically significantly affect the alteration of NAA levels in response to Mph in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with two-way repeated measure of analysis of variance. Post hoc comparisons revealed a significant difference between CG and GG genotypes of rs133946C>G polymorphisms after Bonferroni adjustment (P=0.016). CONCLUSION Synapsin III gene polymorphisms may be affecting the changes in neurometabolite levels in response to Mph in adult ADHD patients. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Başay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Burge Kabukcu Basay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Alacam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Onder Ozturk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Buber
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Senay Gorucu Yilmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Kıroğlu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Erdal
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hasan Herken
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Endres D, Perlov E, Maier S, Feige B, Nickel K, Goll P, Bubl E, Lange T, Glauche V, Graf E, Ebert D, Sobanski E, Philipsen A, Tebartz van Elst L. Normal Neurochemistry in the Prefrontal and Cerebellar Brain of Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:242. [PMID: 26441572 PMCID: PMC4585345 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. In an attempt to extend earlier neurochemical findings, we organized a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study as part of a large, government-funded, prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of specific psychotherapy with counseling and stimulant treatment with placebo treatment (Comparison of Methylphenidate and Psychotherapy Study). We report the baseline neurochemical data for the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the cerebellum in a case–control setting. For the trial, 1,480 adult patients were contacted for participation, 518 were assessed for eligibility, 433 were randomized, and 187 were potentially eligible for neuroimaging. The control group included 119 healthy volunteers. Single-voxel proton MRS was performed. In the patient group, 113 ACC and 104 cerebellar spectra fulfilled all quality criteria for inclusion in statistical calculations, as did 82 ACC and 78 cerebellar spectra in the control group. We did not find any significant neurometabolic differences between the ADHD and control group in the ACC (Wilks’ lambda test: p = 0.97) or in the cerebellum (p = 0.62). Thus, we were unable to replicate earlier findings in this methodologically sophisticated study. We discuss our findings in the context of a comprehensive review of other MRS studies on ADHD and a somewhat skeptical neuropsychiatric research perspective. As in other neuropsychiatric disorders, the unclear nosological status of ADHD might be an explanation for false-negative findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Endres
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Evgeniy Perlov
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Simon Maier
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Peter Goll
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Emanuel Bubl
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany ; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Volkmar Glauche
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Erika Graf
- Clinical Trials Unit, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Dieter Ebert
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Esther Sobanski
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute for Mental Health Mannheim , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
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Aoki Y, Cortese S. Mitochondrial Aspartate/Glutamate Carrier SLC25A12 and Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Meta-Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1579-1588. [PMID: 25663199 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies investigating the possible association between ASD and polymorphism in SLC25A12, which encodes the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier, have yielded inconsistent results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of such studies to elucidate if and which SLC25A12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with ASD. We searched PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and ERIC databases through September 20th, 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) were aggregated using random effect models. Sensitivity analyses were conducted based on study design (family-based or case-control). Fifteen out of 79 non-duplicate records were retained for qualitative synthesis. We pooled 10 datasets from 9 studies with 2001 families, 735 individuals with ASD and 632 typically developing (TD) individuals for the meta-analysis of rs2292813, as well as 11 datasets from 10 studies with 2016 families, 852 individuals with ASD and 1058 TD individuals for the meta-analysis of rs2056202. We found a statistically significant association between ASD and variant in rs2292813 (OR = 1.190, 95% CI 1.052-1.346, P = 0.006) as well as in rs2056202 (OR = 1.206, 95% CI 1.035-1.405, P = 0.016). Sensitivity analyses including only studies with family-based design demonstrated significant association between ASD and polymorphism in rs2292813 (OR = 1.216, 95% CI 1.075-1.376, P = 0.002) and rs2056202 (OR = 1.267, 95% CI 1.041-1.542, P = 0.018). In contrast, sensitivity analyses including case-control design studies only failed to find a significant association. Further research on the role of SLC25A12 and ASD may pave the way for potential innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Aoki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK and the Centre for ADHD and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across the Lifespan, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA
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Wiguna T, Guerrero APS, Wibisono S, Sastroasmoro S. The Amygdala's Neurochemical Ratios after 12 Weeks Administration of 20 mg Long-acting Methylphenidate in Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study Using (1)H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 12:137-41. [PMID: 25191504 PMCID: PMC4153860 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2014.12.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Recent pediatric studies have suggested a correlation between decreased amygdala volume and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, including the emotional dysregulation. To investigate the hypothesis that medication treatment of ADHD specifically improves amygdala function, we used 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to study the effect of 12 weeks of treatment with daily 20 mg long-acting methylphenidate on the Glu/Cr, NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and mI/Cr ratios in the amygdala of medication-naïve children with ADHD. Methods This was a prospective study, using a pre- and post-test design, on a single group of 21 children (average age 8.52 years, 17 males and 4 females) diagnosed with ADHD. Low Time Echo MRS scans sampled voxels of interest (1.5×1.5×2.0) from both the right and left amygdala. Results There was significant clinical improvement after 12 weeks of treatment with 20 mg long-acting methylphenidate. On 1H MRS, there were no statistical significant differences of NAA/Cr ratio, Cho/Cr ratio, mI/Cr ratio before and after 12 weeks administration of 20 mg long-acting methylphenidate both in the right and left amygdala. In addition, Glu/Cr ratio decreased 14.1% in the right amygdala (p=0.029) and 11.4% in the left amygdala (p=0.008). Standardized mean effect sizes ranged from 0.14-0.32. Conclusion The findings are consistent with the possibility that hyperglutamatergic processes in the amygdale are related to the hyperactive-impulsive symptoms of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjhin Wiguna
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. ; Consultation-Lialison Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anthony Paul Sison Guerrero
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, USA
| | - Sasanto Wibisono
- Consultation-Lialison Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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