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Aishworiya R, Chi MH, Zafarullah M, Mendoza G, Ponzini MD, Kim K, Biag HMB, Thurman AJ, Abbeduto L, Hessl D, Randol JL, Bolduc FV, Jacquemont S, Lippé S, Hagerman P, Hagerman R, Schneider A, Tassone F. Intercorrelation of Molecular Biomarkers and Clinical Phenotype Measures in Fragile X Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:1920. [PMID: 37508583 PMCID: PMC10377864 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study contributes to a greater understanding of the utility of molecular biomarkers to identify clinical phenotypes of fragile X syndrome (FXS). Correlations of baseline clinical trial data (molecular measures-FMR1 mRNA, CYFIP1 mRNA, MMP9 and FMRP protein expression levels, nonverbal IQ, body mass index and weight, language level, NIH Toolbox, adaptive behavior rating, autism, and other mental health correlates) of 59 participants with FXS ages of 6-32 years are reported. FMR1 mRNA expression levels correlated positively with adaptive functioning levels, expressive language, and specific NIH Toolbox measures. The findings of a positive correlation of MMP-9 levels with obesity, CYFIP1 mRNA with mood and autistic symptoms, and FMR1 mRNA expression level with better cognitive, language, and adaptive functions indicate potential biomarkers for specific FXS phenotypes. These may be potential markers for future clinical trials for targeted treatments of FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Aishworiya
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (R.A.); (M.D.P.); (H.M.B.B.)
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Mei-Hung Chi
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (R.A.); (M.D.P.); (H.M.B.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Marwa Zafarullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (G.M.)
| | - Guadalupe Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (G.M.)
| | - Matthew Dominic Ponzini
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (R.A.); (M.D.P.); (H.M.B.B.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (R.A.); (M.D.P.); (H.M.B.B.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hazel Maridith Barlahan Biag
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (R.A.); (M.D.P.); (H.M.B.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Angela John Thurman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (R.A.); (M.D.P.); (H.M.B.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (R.A.); (M.D.P.); (H.M.B.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - David Hessl
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (R.A.); (M.D.P.); (H.M.B.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jamie Leah Randol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (G.M.)
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics Graduate Group, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- UC Davis Biotechnology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Francois V. Bolduc
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Genetics, Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippé
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Paul Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (R.A.); (M.D.P.); (H.M.B.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (G.M.)
| | - Randi Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (R.A.); (M.D.P.); (H.M.B.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Andrea Schneider
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (R.A.); (M.D.P.); (H.M.B.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Flora Tassone
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (R.A.); (M.D.P.); (H.M.B.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (G.M.)
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Zeidler S, Severijnen LA, de Boer H, van der Toorn EC, Ruivenkamp CAL, Bijlsma EK, Willemsen R. A missense variant in the nuclear export signal of the FMR1 gene causes intellectual disability. Gene 2020; 768:145298. [PMID: 33181255 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common monogenetic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. Mostly, FXS is caused by transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene due to a repeat expansion in the 5' UTR, and consequently lack of the protein product FMRP. However, in rare cases FXS is caused by other types of variants in the FMR1 gene. We describe a missense variant in the FMR1 gene, identified through whole-exome sequencing, in a boy with intellectual disability and behavioral problems. The variant is located in the FMRP's nuclear export signal (NES). We performed expression and localization studies of the variant in hair roots and HEK293 cells. Our results show normal expression but significant retention of the FMRP in the cells' nucleus. This finding suggests a possible FMRP reduction at its essential functional sites in the dendrites and the synaptic compartments and possible interference of other cellular processes in the nucleus. Together, this might lead to a FXS phenotype in the boy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimriet Zeidler
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Helen de Boer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Claudia A L Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emilia K Bijlsma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abnormal repetitive behaviors in zebrafish and their relevance to human brain disorders. Behav Brain Res 2019; 367:101-110. [PMID: 30926483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal repetitive behaviors (ARBs) are a prominent symptom of numerous human brain disorders and are commonly seen in rodent models as well. While rodent studies of ARBs continue to dominate the field, mounting evidence suggests that zebrafish (Danio rerio) also display ARB-like phenotypes and may therefore be a novel model organism for ARB research. In addition to clear practical research advantages as a model species, zebrafish share high genetic and physiological homology to humans and rodents, including multiple ARB-related genes and robust behaviors relevant to ARB. Here, we discuss a wide spectrum of stereotypic repetitive behaviors in zebrafish, data on their genetic and pharmacological modulation, and the overall translational relevance of fish ARBs to modeling human brain disorders. Overall, the zebrafish is rapidly emerging as a new promising model to study ARBs and their underlying mechanisms.
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FERREIRA JORGEF, BATISTA JACQUELINES, FANTIN CLEITON. Screening for FMR1 expanded alleles in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Manaus, Northern Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20180882. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Melancia F, Trezza V. Modelling fragile X syndrome in the laboratory setting: A behavioral perspective. Behav Brain Res 2018; 350:149-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Faundez V, De Toma I, Bardoni B, Bartesaghi R, Nizetic D, de la Torre R, Cohen Kadosh R, Herault Y, Dierssen M, Potier MC. Translating molecular advances in Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome into therapies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:675-690. [PMID: 29887288 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing treatments for genetic developmental disorders of the central nervous system are mostly symptomatic and do not correct the genetic cause. Recent identification of common mechanisms between diseases has suggested that new therapeutic targets could be applied across intellectual disabilities with potential disease-modifying properties. The European Down syndrome and other genetic developmental disorders (DSG2D) network joined basic and clinical scientists to foster this research and carry out clinical trials. Here we discuss common mechanisms between several intellectual disabilities from genetic origin including Down's and Fragile X syndromes: i) how to model these complex diseases using neuronal cells and brain organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells; ii) how to integrate genomic, proteomic and interactome data to help defining common mechanisms and boundaries between diseases; iii) how to target common pathways for designing clinical trials and assessing their efficacy; iv) how to bring new neuro-therapies, such as noninvasive brain stimulations and cognitive training to clinical research. The basic and translational research efforts of the last years have utterly transformed our understanding of the molecular pathology of these diseases but much is left to be done to bring them to newborn babies and children to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ilario De Toma
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CIBERER, Spain
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Valbonne, France
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dean Nizetic
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrated Pharmacology and Neurosciences Systems Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CIBERER, Spain.
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France.
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Ballantyne CJ, Núñez M, Manoussaki K. Visuo-spatial construction trajectories in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): Evidence of cognitive heterogeneity within neurodevelopmental conditions. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 70:113-125. [PMID: 28923376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There have been discrepancies reported in visuo-spatial construction ability in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), fragile X Syndrome (FXS) and those with a comorbid diagnosis of FXS and ASD (AFXS). This study aimed to provide a better understanding of the visuo-spatial processing styles in these heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. METHODS AND PROCEDURE Navon-type tasks were used to assess visuo-spatial construction ability across 5 groups of children: typically developing, FXS, AFXS, ASD children who scored low-moderate (HFA) and ASD children that scored severe (LFA) on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Analyses of their developmental trajectories compared the performance of these groups. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Each group produced their own distinct trajectory. HFA achieved higher scores from an earlier age than the TD group, while the LFA group's performance was driven by a bias in local processing. The FXS performance was normalised by using mental age as a predictor while neither mental nor chronological age predicted the AFXS group performance. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The study showed unique processing styles. These findings highlight the importance of taking comorbidity and the severity of symptoms within each condition into account in order to understand cognitive abilities and cognitive profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Ballantyne
- Department of Psychology, School of Media, Culture and Society, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, High Street, PA1 2BE, United Kingdom.
| | - María Núñez
- Department of Psychology, School of Media, Culture and Society, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, High Street, PA1 2BE, United Kingdom.
| | - Kallia Manoussaki
- Department of Psychology, School of Media, Culture and Society, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, High Street, PA1 2BE, United Kingdom.
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Stasolla F, Perilli V, Damiani R, Albano V. Assistive technology to promote occupation and reduce mouthing by three boys with fragile X syndrome. Dev Neurorehabil 2017; 20:185-193. [PMID: 27054947 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2015.1133724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To extend the use of assistive technology (AT) for promoting a new adaptive response and to reduce hand mouthing, by three boys with fragile X syndrome. To monitor the effects of the intervention program on the positive mood. To carry out a three month follow-up phases. To conduct a social validation assessment involving 30 parents of children who presented multiple disabilities as raters. METHODS The study was implemented according to an ABAB experimental design, where A represented baseline phases (technology available but inactive) and B represented intervention phases (the technology ensured 7 s of positive stimulation). RESULTS All participants improved and consolidated their performance. Parents involved in the social validation assessment rated positively the use of such technology. CONCLUSION AT-based program was useful, affordable, and effective for enhancing constructive engagement, self-determination, and for improving quality of life by children with fragile X syndrome and severe to profound developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rita Damiani
- c Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication , University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Vincenza Albano
- c Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication , University of Bari , Bari , Italy
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de Diego-Otero Y, Calvo-Medina R, Quintero-Navarro C, Sánchez-Salido L, García-Guirado F, del Arco-Herrera I, Fernández-Carvajal I, Ferrando-Lucas T, Caballero-Andaluz R, Pérez-Costillas L. A combination of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol to test the effectiveness and safety in the fragile X syndrome: study protocol for a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:345. [PMID: 25187257 PMCID: PMC4168067 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited neurodevelopmental condition characterised by behavioural, learning disabilities, phisical and neurological symptoms. In addition, an important degree of comorbidity with autism is also present. Considered a rare disorder affecting both genders, it first becomes apparent during childhood with displays of language delay and behavioural symptoms. Main aim: To show whether the combination of 10 mg/kg/day of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and 10 mg/kg/day of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) reduces FXS symptoms among male patients ages 6 to 18 years compared to placebo treatment, as measured on the standardized rating scales at baseline, and after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Secondary aims: To assess the safety of the treatment. To describe behavioural and cognitive changes revealed by the Developmental Behaviour Checklist Short Form (DBC-P24) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised. To describe metabolic changes revealed by blood analysis. To measure treatment impact at home and in an academic environment. Methods/Design A phase II randomized, double-blind pilot clinical trial. Scope: male children and adolescents diagnosed with FXS, in accordance with a standardized molecular biology test, who met all the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria. Instrumentation: clinical data, blood analysis, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised, Conners parent and teacher rating scale scores and the DBC-P24 results will be obtained at the baseline (t0). Follow up examinations will take place at 12 weeks (t1) and 24 weeks (t2) of treatment. Discussion A limited number of clinical trials have been carried out on children with FXS, but more are necessary as current treatment possibilities are insufficient and often provoke side effects. In the present study, we sought to overcome possible methodological problems by conducting a phase II pilot study in order to calculate the relevant statistical parameters and determine the safety of the proposed treatment. The results will provide evidence to improve hyperactivity control and reduce behavioural and learning problems using ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E). The study protocol was approved by the Regional Government Committee for Clinical Trials in Andalusia and the Spanish agency for drugs and health products. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01329770 (29 March 2011)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda de Diego-Otero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Civil, Pabellón 2 bajo, Plaza del Hospital Civil S/N, 29009 Málaga, Spain.
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Klaiman C, Quintin EM, Jo B, Lightbody AA, Hazlett HC, Piven J, Hall SS, Reiss AL, Reiss AL. Longitudinal profiles of adaptive behavior in fragile X syndrome. Pediatrics 2014; 134:315-24. [PMID: 25070318 PMCID: PMC4187230 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine longitudinally the adaptive behavior patterns in fragile X syndrome. METHOD Caregivers of 275 children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome and 225 typically developing children and adolescents (2-18 years) were interviewed with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales every 2 to 4 years as part of a prospective longitudinal study. RESULTS Standard scores of adaptive behavior in people with fragile X syndrome are marked by a significant decline over time in all domains for males and in communication for females. Socialization skills are a relative strength as compared with the other domains for males with fragile X syndrome. Females with fragile X syndrome did not show a discernible pattern of developmental strengths and weaknesses. CONCLUSIONS This is the first large-scale longitudinal study to show that the acquisition of adaptive behavior slows as individuals with fragile X syndrome age. It is imperative to ensure that assessments of adaptive behavior skills are part of intervention programs focusing on childhood and adolescence in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Klaiman
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia;Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;
| | - Eve-Marie Quintin
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Psychology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Booil Jo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Brain Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Amy A. Lightbody
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Brain Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Heather Cody Hazlett
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott S. Hall
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Brain Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Allan L. Reiss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Brain Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California;,Departments of Radiology, and,Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; and
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Brain Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California;Departments of Radiology, andPediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; and
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He H, Peng X, Huang M, Chang G, Zhang X, Wang S. An electrochemical impedance sensor based on a small molecule modified Au electrode for the recognition of a trinucleotide repeat. Analyst 2014; 139:5482-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00853g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A small molecule modified sensor was developed for the detection of XGG trinucleotide repeats (X = C, T) by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanping He
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Hubei University
- Wuhan, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Xiaoqian Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Min Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Hubei University
- Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Hubei University
- Wuhan, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Shengfu Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Hubei University
- Wuhan, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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