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Ge MJ, Chen G, Zhang ZQ, Yu ZH, Shen JX, Pan C, Han F, Xu H, Zhu XL, Lu YP. Chronic restraint stress induces depression-like behaviors and alterations in the afferent projections of medial prefrontal cortex from multiple brain regions in mice. Brain Res Bull 2024; 213:110981. [PMID: 38777132 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) forms output pathways through projection neurons, inversely receiving adjacent and long-range inputs from other brain regions. However, how afferent neurons of mPFC are affected by chronic stress needs to be clarified. In this study, the effects of chronic restraint stress (CRS) on the distribution density of mPFC dendrites/dendritic spines and the projections from the cortex and subcortical brain regions to the mPFC were investigated. METHODS In the present study, C57BL/6 J transgenic (Thy1-YFP-H) mice were subjected to CRS to establish an animal model of depression. The infralimbic (IL) of mPFC was selected as the injection site of retrograde AAV using stereotactic technique. The effects of CRS on dendrites/dendritic spines and afferent neurons of the mPFC IL were investigaed by quantitatively assessing the distribution density of green fluorescent (YFP) positive dendrites/dendritic spines and red fluorescent (retrograde AAV recombinant protein) positive neurons, respectively. RESULTS The results revealed that retrograde tracing virus labeled neurons were widely distributed in ipsilateral and contralateral cingulate cortex (Cg1), second cingulate cortex (Cg2), prelimbic cortex (PrL), infralimbic cortex, medial orbital cortex (MO), and dorsal peduncular cortex (DP). The effects of CRS on the distribution density of mPFC red fluorescence positive neurons exhibited regional differences, ranging from rostral to caudal or from top to bottom. Simultaneously, CRS resulted a decrease in the distribution density of basal, proximal and distal dendrites, as well as an increase in the loss of dendritic spines of the distal dendrites in the IL of mPFC. Furthermore, varying degrees of red retrograde tracing virus fluorescence signals were observed in other cortices, amygdala, hippocampus, septum/basal forebrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, mesencephalon, and brainstem in both ipsilateral and contralateral brain. CRS significantly reduced the distribution density of red fluorescence positive neurons in other cortices, hippocampus, septum/basal forebrain, hypothalamus, and thalamus. Conversely, CRS significantly increased the distribution density of red fluorescence positive neurons in amygdala. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a possible mechanism that CRS leads to disturbances in synaptic plasticity by affecting multiple inputs to the mPFC, which is characterized by a decrease in the distribution density of dendrites/dendritic spines in the IL of mPFC and a reduction in input neurons of multiple cortices to the IL of mPFC as well as an increase in input neurons of amygdala to the IL of mPFC, ultimately causing depression-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Ge
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Geng Chen
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zong-Hao Yu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jun-Xian Shen
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Chuan Pan
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China; Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Wuxiashan West Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Zhu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China; Department of Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, No. 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Ya-Ping Lu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China.
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Davidson TL, Stevenson RJ. Vulnerability of the Hippocampus to Insults: Links to Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1991. [PMID: 38396670 PMCID: PMC10888241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a critical brain substrate for learning and memory; events that harm the hippocampus can seriously impair mental and behavioral functioning. Hippocampal pathophysiologies have been identified as potential causes and effects of a remarkably diverse array of medical diseases, psychological disorders, and environmental sources of damage. It may be that the hippocampus is more vulnerable than other brain areas to insults that are related to these conditions. One purpose of this review is to assess the vulnerability of the hippocampus to the most prevalent types of insults in multiple biomedical domains (i.e., neuroactive pathogens, neurotoxins, neurological conditions, trauma, aging, neurodegenerative disease, acquired brain injury, mental health conditions, endocrine disorders, developmental disabilities, nutrition) and to evaluate whether these insults affect the hippocampus first and more prominently compared to other brain loci. A second purpose is to consider the role of hippocampal blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in either causing or worsening the harmful effects of each insult. Recent research suggests that the hippocampal BBB is more fragile compared to other brain areas and may also be more prone to the disruption of the transport mechanisms that act to maintain the internal milieu. Moreover, a compromised BBB could be a factor that is common to many different types of insults. Our analysis indicates that the hippocampus is more vulnerable to insults compared to other parts of the brain, and that developing interventions that protect the hippocampal BBB may help to prevent or ameliorate the harmful effects of many insults on memory and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L. Davidson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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Sun Q, Li G, Zhao F, Dong M, Xie W, Liu Q, Yang W, Cui R. Role of estrogen in treatment of female depression. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3021-3042. [PMID: 38309292 PMCID: PMC10911346 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a neurological disorder that profoundly affects human physical and mental health, resulting in various changes in the central nervous system. Despite several prominent hypotheses, such as the monoaminergic theory, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis theory, neuroinflammation, and neuroplasticity, the current understanding of depression's pathogenesis remains incomplete. Importantly, depression is a gender-dimorphic disorder, with women exhibiting higher incidence rates than men. Given estrogen's pivotal role in the menstrual cycle, it is reasonable to postulate that its fluctuating levels could contribute to the pathogenesis of depression. Estrogen acts by binding to a diversity of receptors, which are widely distributed in the central nervous system. An abundance of research has established that estrogen and its receptors play a crucial role in depression, spanning pathogenesis and treatment. In this comprehensive review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the fundamental role of estrogen and its receptors in depression, with a focus on neuroinflammation, neuroendocrinology, and neuroplasticity. Furthermore, we discuss potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of estrogen in the treatment of depression, which may pave the way for new antidepressant drug development and alternative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihan Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Guangquan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Fangyi Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Dong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xie
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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Ross CA, Kara S, Ferrer GF. COVID-19 and Psychiatric Admissions: A Comparative Study of Pre-pandemic and Post-pandemic Psychosis Admissions in a South Florida Emergency Department. Cureus 2023; 15:e40989. [PMID: 37503505 PMCID: PMC10370826 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We noticed a subjective increase in psychosis admissions within our emergency department (ED) with the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to identify trends concerning admissions due to psychosis in the ED before and after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed 508 psychiatric admissions through the ED from October 2019 to October 2020, of which 367 cases of psychosis were identified. Statistical analysis was performed using T-tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient. T-testing showed mean psychosis admissions during the pandemic (March 2020 to July 2020) to be greater than admissions occurring during the pre-pandemic period (October 2019 to February 2020) (p = 0.04). Pearson's correlation coefficient identified the relationships between COVID-19 admissions and psychosis admissions during this time as positive (r = 0.5) but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). Therefore, within our time frame, we did see a noted increase in psychosis by 22.9% during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic times. Current research remains conflicted concerning psychiatric ED admissions during COVID-19, with some stating an increase and others finding a decrease. Our data showed a significant statistical increase in the mean number of psychosis cases when comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic admissions. These findings help add pertinent data to understand how psychosis admissions trended before and during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in South Miami, Florida. It also provides a foundation for future studies by providing data points concerning mental illness within the vulnerable population of patients served in our community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam Kara
- Neurology, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, USA
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Behavioral Engagement With Playable Objects Resolves Stress-Induced Adaptive Changes by Reshaping the Reward System. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:676-689. [PMID: 34961622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reward system regulates motivated behavior, and repeated practice of specific motivated behavior might conversely modify the reward system. However, the detailed mechanisms by which they reciprocally regulate each other are not clearly understood. METHODS Mice subjected to chronic restraint stress show long-lasting depressive-like behavior, which is rescued by continual engagement with playable objects. A series of molecular, pharmacological, genetic, and behavioral analyses, combined with microarray, liquid chromatography, and chemogenetic tools, are used to investigate the neural mechanisms of antidepressive effects of playable objects. RESULTS Here, we show that repeated restraint induces dopamine surges into the nucleus accumbens-lateral shell (NAc-lSh), which cause upregulation of the neuropeptide PACAP in the NAc-lSh. As repeated stress is continued, the dopamine surge by stressors is adaptively suppressed without restoring PACAP upregulation, and the resulting enhanced PACAP inputs from NAc-lSh neurons to the ventral pallidum facilitate depressive-like behaviors. Continual engagement with playable objects in mice subjected to chronic stress remediates reduced dopamine response to new stressors, enhanced PACAP upregulation, and depressive-like behaviors. Overactivation of dopamine D1 receptors over the action of D2 receptors in the NAc-lSh promotes depressive-like behaviors. Conversely, inhibition of D1 receptors or PACAP upregulation in the NAc-lSh confers resilience to chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. Histochemical and chemogenetic analyses reveal that engagement with playable objects produces antidepressive effects by reshaping the ventral tegmental area-to-NAc-lSh and NAc-lSh-to-ventral pallidum circuits. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that behavioral engagement with playable objects remediates depressive-like behaviors by resolving stress-induced maladaptive changes in the reward system.
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Choi J, Kwon H, Kim YK, Han PL. Extracellular Vesicles from Gram-positive and Gram-negative Probiotics Remediate Stress-Induced Depressive Behavior in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2715-2728. [PMID: 35171438 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress causes maladaptive changes in the brain that lead to depressive behavior. In the present study, we investigate whether chronic stress alters gut microbiota compositions that are related to stress-induced maladaptive changes in the brain. Mice treated with daily 2-h restraint for 14 days (CRST) exhibit depressive-like behavior. Sequence readings of 16S rRNA genes prepared from fecal samples taken from CRST-treated mice suggest that chronic stress induces gut microbiota changes that are pronounced in the post-stress period, relative to those that occur in the 14-day stress phase. The genus Lactobacillus is one such microbiota substantially changed following chronic stress. In contrast, intraperitoneal injection of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from culture media of the Gram-positive probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum is sufficient to ameliorate stress-induced depressive-like behavior. Interestingly, EVs from the Gram-positive probiotic Bacillus subtilis and EVs from the Gram-negative probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila also produce anti-depressive-like effects. While chronic stress decreases the expression of MeCP2, Sirt1, and/or neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus, EVs from the three selected probiotics differentially restore stress-induced changes of these factors. These results suggest that chronic stress produces persistent changes in gut microbiota composition, whereas purified EVs of certain probiotics can be used for treatment of stress-induced depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Keun Kim
- MD Healthcare Inc, Rm 1303 Woori Technology Bldg, World Cup Buk-ro 56-gil, Mapo-Gu Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Choi J, Kwon HJ, Seoh JY, Han PL. Hyperoxygenation Ameliorates Stress-induced Neuronal and Behavioral Deficits. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:415-429. [PMID: 34983882 PMCID: PMC8752323 DOI: 10.5607/en21029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxygenation therapy remediates neuronal injury and improves cognitive function in various animal models. In the present study, the optimal conditions for hyperoxygenation treatment of stress-induced maladaptive changes were investigated. Mice exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRST) produce persistent adaptive changes in genomic responses and exhibit depressive-like behaviors. Hyperoxygenation treatment with 100% O2 (HO2) at 2.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 1 h daily for 14 days in CRST mice produces an antidepressive effect similar to that of the antidepressant imipramine. In contrast, HO2 treatment at 2.0 ATA for 1 h daily for shorter duration (3, 5, or 7 days), HO2 treatment at 1.5 ATA for 1 h daily for 14 days, or hyperbaric air treatment at 2.0 ATA (42% O2) for 1 h daily for 14 days is ineffective or less effective, indicating that repeated sufficient hyperoxygenation conditions are required to reverse stress-induced maladaptive changes. HO2 treatment at 2.0 ATA for 14 days restores stress-induced reductions in levels of mitochondrial copy number, stress-induced attenuation of synaptophysin-stained density of axon terminals and MAP-2-staining dendritic processes of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus, and stress-induced reduced hippocampal neurogenesis. These results suggest that HO2 treatment at 2.0 ATA for 14 days is effective to ameliorate stress-induced neuronal and behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Seoh
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.,Central Research Laboratory, GI Biome, Inc., Seongnam 13201, Korea
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Lee EH, Park JY, Kwon HJ, Han PL. Repeated exposure with short-term behavioral stress resolves pre-existing stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6682. [PMID: 34795225 PMCID: PMC8602389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces adaptive changes in the brain via the cumulative action of glucocorticoids, which is associated with mood disorders. Here we show that repeated daily five-minute restraint resolves pre-existing stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Repeated injection of glucocorticoids in low doses mimics the anti-depressive effects of short-term stress. Repeated exposure to short-term stress and injection of glucocorticoids activate neurons in largely overlapping regions of the brain, as shown by c-Fos staining, and reverse distinct stress-induced gene expression profiles. Chemogenetic inhibition of neurons in the prelimbic cortex projecting to the nucleus accumbens, basolateral amygdala, or bed nucleus of the stria terminalis results in anti-depressive effects similarly to short-term stress exposure, while only inhibition of neurons in the prelimbic cortex projecting to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis rescues defective glucocorticoid release. In summary, we show that short-term stress can reverse adaptively altered stress gains and resolve stress-induced depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hwa Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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da Silva Teixeira Rech T, Gonçalves Alves A, Nornberg Strelow D, Devantier Krüger L, Carraro Júnior LR, Dos Santos Neto JS, Braga AL, Brüning CA, Folharini Bortolatto C. 2-Phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)benzofuran elicits acute antidepressant-like action in male Swiss mice mediated by modulation of the dopaminergic system and reveals therapeutic efficacy in both sexes. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3013-3024. [PMID: 34312682 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Depression is a psychiatric disorder that constitutes one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. 2-Phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)benzofuran (SeBZF1) has been studied as a potential antidepressant drug, but its pharmacological action needs more investigation. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Our aim was to extend information about the antidepressant-like action of SeBZF1 using the mouse tail suspension test (TST). Initial experiments investigated the mechanisms involved in the acute antidepressant-like action of SeBZF1 in male Swiss mice. For this purpose, males received noradrenergic or dopaminergic receptor antagonists before acute SeBZF1 administration (50 mg/kg, per oral). In parallel, effects of combined treatment with SeBZF1 and bupropion at sub-effective doses (1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively) were tested. The next experiments were designed to determine the acute effects of SeBZF1 in females through a dose-response curve (5-50 mg/kg). Lastly, the efficacy of a 7-day repeated treatment with SeBZF1 (1 and 5 mg/kg) in mice of both sexes and its safety were evaluated. TST and the open-field test (OFT) were employed in all behavioral experiments. RESULTS Pre-administration of dopaminergic antagonists (SCH23390, a selective D1R antagonist; sulpiride, a selective D2/D3R antagonist; and haloperidol, a non-selective antagonist), but not of adrenergic α1, α2, and β-R antagonists, blocked the acute antidepressant-like effects of SeBZF1 in males. Co-administration of sub-effective doses of SeBZF1 and bupropion reduced the depressive phenotype. In addition, acute treatment with SeBZF1 at 50 mg/kg produced a reduction of female immobility. Finally, repeated treatment with SeBZF1 (1 and 5 mg/kg) was effective in causing antidepressant-like effects in both sexes. Locomotor activity, plasma transaminases, and urea levels remained unaltered after SeBZF1 exposure. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence of the involvement of the dopaminergic system in the acutely antidepressant-like action of SeBZF1 in male mice and reveal the compound efficacy when acute or repeatedly administered in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís da Silva Teixeira Rech
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brasil
| | - Amália Gonçalves Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brasil
| | - Dianer Nornberg Strelow
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brasil
| | - Letícia Devantier Krüger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brasil
| | - Luiz Roberto Carraro Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brasil
| | - José Sebastião Dos Santos Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PPGQ), Laboratório de Síntese de Derivados de Selênio E Telúrio (LabSelen), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Brasil
| | - Antonio Luiz Braga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PPGQ), Laboratório de Síntese de Derivados de Selênio E Telúrio (LabSelen), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Brasil
| | - César Augusto Brüning
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brasil.
| | - Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brasil.
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Price JB, Rusheen AE, Barath AS, Rojas Cabrera JM, Shin H, Chang SY, Kimble CJ, Bennet KE, Blaha CD, Lee KH, Oh Y. Clinical applications of neurochemical and electrophysiological measurements for closed-loop neurostimulation. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 49:E6. [PMID: 32610297 DOI: 10.3171/2020.4.focus20167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems represents a significant opportunity for innovation in the clinical application of neurostimulation therapies. Despite the highly dynamic nature of neurological diseases, open-loop DBS applications are incapable of modifying parameters in real time to react to fluctuations in disease states. Thus, current practice for the designation of stimulation parameters, such as duration, amplitude, and pulse frequency, is an algorithmic process. Ideal stimulation parameters are highly individualized and must reflect both the specific disease presentation and the unique pathophysiology presented by the individual. Stimulation parameters currently require a lengthy trial-and-error process to achieve the maximal therapeutic effect and can only be modified during clinical visits. The major impediment to the development of automated, adaptive closed-loop systems involves the selection of highly specific disease-related biomarkers to provide feedback for the stimulation platform. This review explores the disease relevance of neurochemical and electrophysiological biomarkers for the development of closed-loop neurostimulation technologies. Electrophysiological biomarkers, such as local field potentials, have been used to monitor disease states. Real-time measurement of neurochemical substances may be similarly useful for disease characterization. Thus, the introduction of measurable neurochemical analytes has significantly expanded biomarker options for feedback-sensitive neuromodulation systems. The potential use of biomarker monitoring to advance neurostimulation approaches for treatment of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, epilepsy, Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, chronic pain, and depression is examined. Further, challenges and advances in the development of closed-loop neurostimulation technology are reviewed, as well as opportunities for next-generation closed-loop platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron E Rusheen
- 1Department of Neurologic Surgery.,2Medical Scientist Training Program
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin E Bennet
- 1Department of Neurologic Surgery.,3Division of Engineering, and
| | | | - Kendall H Lee
- 1Department of Neurologic Surgery.,4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- 1Department of Neurologic Surgery.,4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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11
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Šimić G, Tkalčić M, Vukić V, Mulc D, Španić E, Šagud M, Olucha-Bordonau FE, Vukšić M, R. Hof P. Understanding Emotions: Origins and Roles of the Amygdala. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060823. [PMID: 34072960 PMCID: PMC8228195 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions arise from activations of specialized neuronal populations in several parts of the cerebral cortex, notably the anterior cingulate, insula, ventromedial prefrontal, and subcortical structures, such as the amygdala, ventral striatum, putamen, caudate nucleus, and ventral tegmental area. Feelings are conscious, emotional experiences of these activations that contribute to neuronal networks mediating thoughts, language, and behavior, thus enhancing the ability to predict, learn, and reappraise stimuli and situations in the environment based on previous experiences. Contemporary theories of emotion converge around the key role of the amygdala as the central subcortical emotional brain structure that constantly evaluates and integrates a variety of sensory information from the surroundings and assigns them appropriate values of emotional dimensions, such as valence, intensity, and approachability. The amygdala participates in the regulation of autonomic and endocrine functions, decision-making and adaptations of instinctive and motivational behaviors to changes in the environment through implicit associative learning, changes in short- and long-term synaptic plasticity, and activation of the fight-or-flight response via efferent projections from its central nucleus to cortical and subcortical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (E.Š.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mladenka Tkalčić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Vana Vukić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (E.Š.); (M.V.)
| | - Damir Mulc
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (E.Š.); (M.V.)
| | - Marina Šagud
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | - Mario Vukšić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (E.Š.); (M.V.)
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 07305, USA;
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12
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Zhu Y, Wu X, Zhou R, Sie O, Niu Z, Wang F, Fang Y. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-End-Organ Axes: Hormone Function in Female Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1176-1187. [PMID: 33909242 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic hypothalamic-pituitary-end-organ feedback loops - the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA), hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroidal axis (HPTA), and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA) - are associated with the neuroendocrine and immune systems in major depressive disorder (MDD). Female patients with MDD present with evident neuroendocrine and immunological changes. Glucocorticoid, thyroid hormone, and reproductive steroid levels fluctuate with menstrual cycles, which might lead to glucocorticoid receptor resistance, impairment of triiodothyronine conversion, and sex hormone secretion disorders. In this review, we summarize the independent and interactive functions of these three axes in female MDD patients. The similar molecular structure of steroids implies an interrelationship between the hypothalamic-pituitary-end-organ axes and the competitive inhibitory effects at the receptor level, especially when considering the HPAA and HPGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncheng Zhu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Hongkou Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200083, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Rubai Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Oliver Sie
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiang Niu
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Shanghai Yangpu Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Yiru Fang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 201108, China.
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13
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Zou HW, Li ZL, Jing XY, Wang Y, Liu YJ, Li LF. The GABA(B1) receptor within the infralimbic cortex is implicated in stress resilience and vulnerability in mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 406:113240. [PMID: 33727046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is the capacity to maintain normal psychological and physical functions in the face of stress and adversity. Understanding how one can develop and enhance resilience is of great relevance to not only promoting coping mechanisms but also mitigating maladaptive stress responses in psychiatric illnesses such as depression. Preclinical studies suggest that GABA(B) receptors (GABA(B1) and GABA(B2)) are potential targets for the treatment of major depression. In this study, we assessed the functional role of GABA(B) receptors in stress resilience and vulnerability by using a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model in mice. As the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a key role in the top-down modulation of stress responses, we focused our study on this brain structure. Our results showed that only approximately 41.9% of subjects exhibited anxiety- or despair-like behaviors after exposure to CUS. The vulnerable mice showed higher c-Fos expression in the infralimbic cortex (IL) subregion of the mPFC when exposed to a social stressor. Moreover, the expression of GABA(B1) but not GABA(B2) receptors was significantly downregulated in IL subregion of susceptible mice. Finally, we found that intra-IL administration of baclofen, a GABA(B) receptor agonist, rapidly relieved the social avoidance symptoms of the "stress-susceptible" mice. Taken together, our results show that the GABA(B1) receptor within the IL may play an important role in stress resilience and vulnerability, and thus open an avenue to develop novel, personalized approaches to promote stress resilience and treat stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Zou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Jing
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Ying-Juan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China.
| | - Lai-Fu Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China.
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14
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Jiang T, Hu S, Dai S, Yi Y, Wang T, Li X, Luo M, Li K, Chen L, Wang H, Xu D. Programming changes of hippocampal miR-134-5p/SOX2 signal mediate the susceptibility to depression in prenatal dexamethasone-exposed female offspring. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:69-86. [PMID: 33619658 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder and has intrauterine developmental origins. This study aimed to confirm the depression susceptibility in offspring rats induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) and to further explore the intrauterine programming mechanism. Wistar rats were injected with dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg·d) subcutaneously during the gestational days 9-20 and part of the offspring was given chronic stress at postnatal weeks 10-12. Behavioral results showed that the adult PDE female offspring was susceptible to depression, accompanied by increased hippocampal miR-134-5p expression and decreased sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) expression, as well as disorders of neural progenitor cells proliferation and hippocampal neurogenesis. The PDE female fetal rats presented consistent changes with the adult offspring, accompanied by the upregulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and decreased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression. We further found that the H3K9ac level of the miR-134-5p promoter was significantly increased in the PDE fetal hippocampus, as well as in adult offspring before and after chronic stress. In vitro, the changes of GR/SIRT1/miR-134-5p/SOX2 signal by dexamethasone were consistent with in vivo experiments, which could be reversed by GR receptor antagonist, SIRT1 agonist, and miR-134-5p inhibitor. This study confirmed that PDE led to an increased expression level as well as H3K9ac level of miR-134-5p by activating the GR/SIRT1 pathway in the fetal hippocampus and then inhibited the SOX2 expression. The programming effect mediated by the abnormal epigenetic modification could last from intrauterine to adulthood, which constitutes the intrauterine programming mechanism leading to hippocampal neurogenesis disorders and depression susceptibility in female offspring. Intrauterine programming mechanism for the increased depressive susceptibility in adult female offspring by prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE). GR, glucocorticoid receptor; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; SOX2, sex-determining region Y-box 2; NPCs, neuroprogenitor cells; H3K9ac, histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation; GRE, glucocorticoid response element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuwei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shiyun Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yiwen Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mingcui Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ke Li
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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15
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Abstract
The therapeutic onset of traditional antidepressants is delayed by several weeks and many depressed patients fail to respond to treatment altogether. In contrast, subanesthetic ketamine can rapidly alleviate symptoms of depression within hours of a single administration, even in patients who are considered treatment-resistant. Ketamine is thought to exert these effects by restoring the integrity of neural circuits that are compromised in depression. This hypothesis stems in part from preclinical observations that ketamine can strengthen synaptic connections by increasing glutamate-mediated neurotransmission and promoting rapid neurotrophic factor release. An improved understanding of how ketamine, and other novel rapid-acting antidepressants, give rise to these processes will help foster future therapeutic innovation. Here, we review the history of antidepressant treatment advances that preceded the ketamine discovery, critically examine mechanistic hypotheses for how ketamine may exert its antidepressant effects, and discuss the impact this knowledge has had on ongoing drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lace M Riggs
- Program in Neuroscience and Training Program in Integrative Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA;
| | - Todd D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; .,Departments of Pharmacology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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16
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Siodłak D, Nowak G, Mlyniec K. Interaction between zinc, the GPR39 zinc receptor and the serotonergic system in depression. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:146-154. [PMID: 33549699 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc signalling has a crucial impact on the proper functioning of the brain. Disturbances within the zincergic system may lead to neuropsychological disorders, including major depression. Studying this disease and designing effective treatment is hampered by its heterogeneous etiology and the diversified nature of the symptoms. Over the years, studies have shown that zinc deficiency and disturbances in the expression profile of the zinc receptor - GPR39 - might be a useful neurobiological indicator of a pathological state. Zinc levels and the zinc receptor are altered by classic antidepressant treatment, which indicates possible reciprocity between the monoaminergic system and zinc signalling. Disruptions in this specific interplay might be a cause of a pathological depressive state, and restoring balance and cooperation between those systems might be key to a successful form of pharmacotherapy. In this review, we aim to describe interactions between the serotonergic and zincergic systems and to highlight their significance in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Siodłak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Krakow, Poland; Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mlyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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17
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Liu J, Fan Y, Ling-Li Zeng, Liu B, Ju Y, Wang M, Dong Q, Lu X, Sun J, Zhang L, Guo H, Futao Zhao, Weihui Li, Zhang L, Li Z, Liao M, Zhang Y, Hu D, Li L. The neuroprogressive nature of major depressive disorder: evidence from an intrinsic connectome analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:102. [PMID: 33542206 PMCID: PMC7862649 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevailing chronic mental disorder with lifetime recurring episodes. Recurrent depression (RD) has been reported to be associated with greater severity of depression, higher relapse rate and prominent functioning impairments than first-episode depression (FED), suggesting the progressive nature of depression. However, there is still little evidence regarding brain functional connectome. In this study, 95 medication-free MDD patients (35 with FED and 60 with RD) and 111 matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. After six months of treatment with paroxetine, 56 patients achieved clinical remission and finished their second scan. Network-based statistics analysis was used to explore the changes in functional connectivity. The results revealed that, compared with HCs, patients with FED exhibited hypoconnectivity in the somatomotor, default mode and dorsal attention networks, and RD exhibited hyperconnectivity in the somatomotor, salience, executive control, default mode and dorsal attention networks, as well as within and between salience and executive control networks. Moreover, the disrupted components in patients with current MDD did not change significantly when the patients achieved remission after treatment, and sub-hyperconnectivity and sub-hypoconnectivity were still found in those with remitted RD. Additionally, the hypoconnectivity in FED and hyperconnectivity in RD were associated with the number of episodes and total illness duration. This study provides initial evidence supporting that impairment of intrinsic functional connectivity across the course of depression is a progressive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yiming Fan
- grid.412110.70000 0000 9548 2110College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Ling-Li Zeng
- grid.412110.70000 0000 9548 2110College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Mi Wang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Qiangli Dong
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaowen Lu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jinrong Sun
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Liang Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Hua Guo
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan China
| | - Futao Zhao
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan China
| | - Weihui Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Li Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Zexuan Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Mei Liao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yan Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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18
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Metabolic changes in the brain and blood of rats following acoustic trauma, tinnitus and hyperacusis. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 262:399-430. [PMID: 33931189 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been increasingly recognized that tinnitus is likely to be generated by complex network changes. Acoustic trauma that causes tinnitus induces significant changes in multiple metabolic pathways in the brain. However, it is not clear whether those metabolic changes in the brain could also be reflected in blood samples and whether metabolic changes could discriminate acoustic trauma, hyperacusis and tinnitus. We analyzed brain and serum metabolic changes in rats following acoustic trauma or a sham procedure using metabolomics. Hearing levels were recorded before and after acoustic trauma and behavioral measures to quantify tinnitus and hyperacusis were conducted at 4 weeks following acoustic trauma. Tissues from 11 different brain regions and serum samples were collected at about 3 months following acoustic trauma. Among the acoustic trauma animals, eight exhibited hyperacusis-like behavior and three exhibited tinnitus-like behavior. Using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis, significant metabolic changes were found in acoustic trauma animals in both the brain and serum samples with a number of metabolic pathways significantly perturbated. Furthermore, metabolic changes in the serum were able to differentiate sham from acoustic trauma animals, as well as sham from hyperacusis animals, with high accuracy. Our results suggest that serum metabolic profiling in combination with machine learning analysis may be a promising approach for identifying biomarkers for acoustic trauma, hyperacusis and potentially, tinnitus.
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19
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Di Nicola M, Dattoli L, Moccia L, Pepe M, Janiri D, Fiorillo A, Janiri L, Sani G. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and psychological distress symptoms in patients with affective disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 122:104869. [PMID: 32956989 PMCID: PMC7489337 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to stress worldwide, especially in vulnerable people like those suffering from mental illness. This study aims to investigate the psychological distress perceived by a cohort of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or Bipolar Disorder (BD) after a seven-week period of lockdown measures, and to analyze serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels as a potential predictor of distress severity. METHODS Fifty-nine remitted MDD and fifty-three euthymic BD patients were enrolled. An online dedicated survey was administered to obtain lockdown-related information and to evaluate COVID-19 related distress by using the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Patients' medical records were reviewed to collect sociodemographic and clinical data, including serum 25(OH)D levels dosed in the three months preceding the outbreak. A multivariate general linear model was adopted to test the effect of factors of interest on psychological distress. RESULTS In our sample (n = 112), 29 subjects (25.9 %) reported no likelihood of psychological distress, whereas 35 (31.2 %) and 48 (42.9 %) displayed mild and moderate-to-severe likelihood of psychological distress, respectively. Low serum 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.005) and MDD diagnosis (p = 0.001) specifically predicted the severity of psychological distress. Living alone during the lockdown, a longer duration of illness, and smoking habits were more frequently detected in subjects with COVID-19 related distress. CONCLUSIONS Low serum 25(OH)D levels and MDD diagnosis predicted an increased vulnerability to the stressful impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. Our results suggest that vitamin D may represent a biological factor mediating the psychological response to stress in individuals with affective disorders and provide further insight into tailoring intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Nicola
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luigi Dattoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pepe
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Delfina Janiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Min BK, Hämäläinen MS, Pantazis D. New Cognitive Neurotechnology Facilitates Studies of Cortical-Subcortical Interactions. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:952-962. [PMID: 32278504 PMCID: PMC7442676 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Most of the studies employing neuroimaging have focused on cortical and subcortical signals individually to obtain neurophysiological signatures of cognitive functions. However, understanding the dynamic communication between the cortex and subcortical structures is essential for unraveling the neural correlates of cognition. In this quest, magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) are the methods of choice because they are noninvasive electrophysiological recording techniques with high temporal resolution. Sophisticated MEG/EEG source estimation techniques and network analysis methods, developed recently, can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms of fundamental cognitive processes. Used together with noninvasive modulation of cortical-subcortical communication, these approaches may open up new possibilities for expanding the repertoire of noninvasive cognitive neurotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Kyong Min
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Matti S Hämäläinen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dimitrios Pantazis
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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21
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Structural brain networks in remitted psychotic depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1223-1231. [PMID: 32109935 PMCID: PMC7235256 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder with psychotic features (psychotic depression) is a severe disorder. Compared with other psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, relatively few studies on the neurobiology of psychotic depression have been pursued. Neuroimaging studies investigating psychotic depression have provided evidence for distributed structural brain abnormalities implicating the insular cortex and limbic system. We examined structural brain networks in participants (N = 245) using magnetic resonance imaging. This sample included healthy controls (n = 159) and the largest cross-sectional sample of patients with remitted psychotic depression (n = 86) collected to date. All patients participated in the Study of Pharmacotherapy of Psychotic Depression II randomized controlled trial. We used a novel, whole-brain, data-driven parcellation technique-non-negative matrix factorization-and applied it to cortical thickness data to derive structural covariance networks. We compared patients with remitted psychotic depression to healthy controls and found that patients had significantly thinner cortex in five structural covariance networks (insular-limbic, occipito-temporal, temporal, parahippocampal-limbic, and inferior fronto-temporal), confirming our hypothesis that affected brain networks would incorporate cortico-limbic regions. We also found that cross-sectional depression and severity scores at the time of scanning were associated with the insular-limbic network. Furthermore, the insular-limbic network predicted future severity scores that were collected at the time of recurrence of psychotic depression or sustained remission. Overall, decreased cortical thickness was found in five structural brain networks in patients with remitted psychotic depression and brain-behavior relationships were observed, particularly between the insular-limbic network and illness severity.
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22
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Zheng Y, McTavish J, Smith PF. Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs in Animal Models of Tinnitus. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 51:51-82. [PMID: 33590458 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the pressing need for effective drug treatments for tinnitus, currently, there is no single drug that is approved by the FDA for this purpose. Instead, a wide range of unproven over-the-counter tinnitus remedies are available on the market with little or no benefit for tinnitus but with potential harm and adverse effects. Animal models of tinnitus have played a critical role in exploring the pathophysiology of tinnitus, identifying therapeutic targets and evaluating novel and existing drugs for tinnitus treatment. This review summarises and compares the studies on pharmacological evaluation of tinnitus treatment in different animal models based on the pharmacological properties of the drug and provides insights into future directions for tinnitus drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. .,Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. .,Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jessica McTavish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul F Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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23
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Sleep therapeutics and neuropsychiatric illness. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:166-175. [PMID: 31376815 PMCID: PMC6879486 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in sleep are extremely common in patients with neuropsychiatric illness. In addition, sleep disorders such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and circadian rhythm disorders commonly occur at a rate greater than the general population in neuropsychiatric conditions. Historically, sleep problems have been viewed as symptoms of associated neuropsychiatric disorders. However, there is increasing evidence suggesting a complex inter-relationship with possible bidirectional causality. The inter-relatedness of these conditions represents an opportunity for understanding mechanisms and improving clinical treatment. To the extent that sleep problems affect neuropsychiatric conditions, it may be possible to address sleep problems and have a positive impact on the course of neuropsychiatric illnesses. Further, some treatments for sleep disorders have direct effects on neuropsychiatric illnesses that may be unrelated to their effects on sleep disorders. Similarly, neuropsychiatric conditions and their treatments can affect sleep and sleep disorders. This article reviews available evidence on the effects of therapies for sleep disorders on neuropsychiatric conditions and also secondarily considers the impacts of therapies for neuropsychiatric conditions on sleep. Primary goals of this review are to identify gaps in current research, to determine the extent to which the cross-therapeutic effects of these treatments help to elucidate therapeutic or pathological mechanisms, and to assist clinicians in optimizing therapeutic choice in patients with sleep disorders and neuropsychiatric conditions.
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24
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Li H, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liang J, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Zhai T, Yang Q, Yang M, Ning Y, He H, Wu K, Chen F, Wu F, Zhang X. The Relationship Between Symptoms of Anxiety and Somatic Symptoms in Health Professionals During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:3153-3161. [PMID: 33376331 PMCID: PMC7755336 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s282124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a threat to global health. Increasing studies have shown that the mental health status of health professionals is very poor during the COVID-19 epidemic. At present, the relationship between somatic symptoms and symptoms of anxiety of health professionals during the COVID-19 has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency of somatic symptoms and its related factors in health professionals with symptoms of anxiety during COVID-19 in China. METHODS A total of 606 health professionals were assessed online with the Chinese version of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the somatization subscale of Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). RESULTS The percentage of symptoms of anxiety, somatic symptoms and insomnia in all health professionals was 45.4%, 12.0%, and 32%, respectively. The frequency of somatic symptoms in health professionals with symptoms of anxiety was 22.9%. The SCL-90 somatization subscale score was significantly positively correlated with history of somatic diseases, GAD-7 score and ISI score in participants with symptoms of anxiety. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19, symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptoms are commonly observed in health professionals. Insomnia and symptoms of anxiety are independently associated with somatic symptoms of health professionals with symptoms of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Zhai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (scUT), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- Department of Medical, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Tsai SJ. Aged garlic extract supplement helps relieve acute stress. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:677-678. [PMID: 31305351 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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