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Sha A, Chen H, Zhang Y. Expression profile and immunomodulatory roles of methionine-enkephalin and delta opioid receptor in Octopus ocellatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109637. [PMID: 38754647 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the expressions and distributions of methionine-enkephalin (Met-enk) and δ opioid receptor in the nervous system of Octopus ocellatus, and the immune regulatory mechanisms of Met-enk on O. ocellatus were explored. The distributions and expressions of Met-enk and δ opioid receptor were assessed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. UV-spectrophotometer, microplate reader, and flow cytometer were used to examine the effects of different concentrations of Met-enk on phagocytosis, antioxidant effects, and body surface mucus immunity of O. ocellatus hemocytes. The data were used to study the mechanisms of Met-enk immunity regulation in O. ocellatus. According to the results, the expression levels of Met-enk and δ opioid receptor in O. ocellatus lymphocytes were higher than those in hemocytes. The expression levels of Met-enk in the ganglia of O. ocellatus decreased in the following order: pedal ganglia > cerebral ganglia > visceral ganglia > optic ganglia > stellate ganglia. Moreover, the phagocytic activity of O. ocellatus hemocytes was enhanced with increasing Met-enk concentration. With increasing Met-enk concentration, the expressions of nitric oxide, total nitric oxide synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, catalase, hydrogen peroxide, myeloperoxidase, reduced glutathione, α-naphthy acetate esterase, and methionine aminopeptidases decreased in serums of O. ocellatus in the experimental group compared to the blank group. Similarly, the content of reduced glutathione in the hemocytes of O. ocellatus was also lower in the experimental group than in the blank group; however, the expressions of other substances were higher compared to the blank group. Furthermore, α-naphthy acetate esterase, myeloperoxidase, and hydrogen peroxide expressions in mucus immunity trials of the body surface were lower in the experimental group compared to the blank group. These results indicate that the distributions and expressions of Met-enk and δ opioid receptor in the nervous system of O. ocellatus were related to axoplasmic transport and immune regulation mechanisms. Met-enk participates in cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and mucus immunity in the form of neurotransmitters, thereby regulating the immune response of O. ocellatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailong Sha
- School of Teacher Education, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404120, China; School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404120, China.
| | - Hongrun Chen
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404120, China
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2
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Cintado E, Tezanos P, De Las Casas M, Muela P, McGreevy KR, Fontán-Lozano Á, Sacristán-Horcajada E, Pignatelli J, de Ceballos ML, Del Hierro MJ, Fernández-Punzano J, Montoliu L, Trejo JL. Grandfathers-to-Grandsons Transgenerational Transmission of Exercise Positive Effects on Cognitive Performance. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2061232024. [PMID: 38719448 PMCID: PMC11154851 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2061-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is a robust lifestyle intervention known for its enhancement of cognitive abilities. Nevertheless, the extent to which these benefits can be transmitted across generations (intergenerational inheritance to F1, and transgenerational to F2 and beyond) remains a topic of limited comprehension. We have already shown that cognitive improvements resulting from physical exercise can be inherited from parents to their offspring, proving intergenerational effects. So, we set out to explore whether these enhancements might extend transgenerationally, impacting the F2 generation. In this study, we initially examined the behavioral traits of second generation (F2) male mice, whose grandfathers (F0) had an exercise intervention. Our findings revealed that F2 mice with physically active grandpaternal F0 progenitors displayed significantly improved memory recall, encompassing both spatial and non-spatial information when compared to their counterparts from sedentary F0 progenitors, and proving for the first time the transgenerational inheritance of physical exercise induced cognitive enhancement. Surprisingly, while F2 memory improved (as was the case with F1), adult hippocampal neurogenesis remained unchanged between experimental and control groups (unlike in F1). Additionally, our analysis of small RNA sequences in the hippocampus identified 35 differentially expressed miRNAs linked to important brain function categories. Notably, two of these miRNAs, miRNA-144 and miRNA-298, displayed a robust negative correlation with cognitive performance. These findings highlight the enduring transgenerational transmission of cognitive benefits associated with exercise, even after two generations, suggesting that moderate exercise training can have lasting positive effects, possibly orchestrated by a specific set of miRNAs that exert their influence across multiple generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cintado
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Patricia Tezanos
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Manuela De Las Casas
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, CSIC-UMH, Alicante 03550, Spain
| | - Pablo Muela
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Kerry R McGreevy
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid 28049, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ángela Fontán-Lozano
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Eva Sacristán-Horcajada
- Laboratory of Omic Technologies and Bioinformatics, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Laboratory of Omic Technologies and Bioinformatics, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - María L de Ceballos
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - María Jesús Del Hierro
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Julia Fernández-Punzano
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Lluís Montoliu
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - José Luis Trejo
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
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Crean AJ, Senior AM, Freire T, Clark TD, Mackay F, Austin G, Pulpitel TJ, Nobrega MA, Barrès R, Simpson SJ. Paternal dietary macronutrient balance and energy intake drive metabolic and behavioral differences among offspring. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2982. [PMID: 38582785 PMCID: PMC10998877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Paternal diet can influence the phenotype of the next generation, yet, the dietary components inducing specific responses in the offspring are not identified. Here, we use the Nutritional Geometry Framework to determine the effects of pre-conception paternal dietary macronutrient balance on offspring metabolic and behavioral traits in mice. Ten isocaloric diets varying in the relative proportion of protein, fats, and carbohydrates are fed to male mice prior to mating. Dams and offspring are fed standard chow and never exposed to treatment diets. Body fat in female offspring is positively associated with the paternal consumption of fat, while in male offspring, an anxiety-like phenotype is associated to paternal diets low in protein and high in carbohydrates. Our study uncovers that the nature and the magnitude of paternal effects are driven by interactions between macronutrient balance and energy intake and are not solely the result of over- or undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Jane Crean
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alistair McNair Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Therese Freire
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas Daniel Clark
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Flora Mackay
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Gracie Austin
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tamara Jayne Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK, 2200, Denmark.
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur & Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Valbonne, 06560, France.
| | - Stephen James Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Carpenter RE, Sabirzhanov B, Summers TR, Clark TG, Keifer J, Summers CH. Anxiolytic reversal of classically conditioned / chronic stress-induced gene expression and learning in the Stress Alternatives Model. Behav Brain Res 2023; 440:114258. [PMID: 36521572 PMCID: PMC9872777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Social decision-making is critically influenced by neurocircuitries that regulate stress responsiveness. Adaptive choices, therefore, are altered by stress-related neuromodulatory peptide systems, such as corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). Experimental designs that take advantage of ecologically salient fear-inducing stimuli allow for revelation of neural mechanisms that regulate the balance between pro- and anti-stress responsiveness. To accomplish this, we developed a social stress and conditioning protocol, the Stress Alternatives Model (SAM), that utilizes a simple dichotomous choice, and produces distinctive behavioral phenotypes (Escape or Stay). The experiments involve repeated social aggression, a potent unconditioned stimulus (US), from a novel larger conspecific (a 3X larger Rainbow trout). Prior to the social interaction, the smaller test fish is presented with an auditory conditioning stimulus (water off = CS). During the social aggression, an escape route is available, but is only large enough for the smaller test animal. Surprisingly, although the new aggressor provides vigorous attacks each day, only 50% of the test fish choose Escape. Stay fish, treated with the CRF1 antagonist antalarmin, a potent anxiolytic drug, on day 4, promotes Escape behavior for the last 4 days of the SAM protocol. The results suggest that the decision to Escape, required a reduction in stress reactivity. The Stay fish that chose Escape following anxiolytic treatment, learned how to use the escape route prior to stress reduction, as the Escape latency in these fish was significantly faster than first time escapers. In Escape fish, the use of the escape route is learned over several days, reducing the Escape latency over time in the SAM. Fear conditioning (water off + aggression) resulted in elevated hippocampal (DL) Bdnf mRNA levels, with coincident reduction in the AMPA receptor subunit Glua1 expression, a result that is reversed following a one-time treatment (during SAM aggression on day 4) with the anxiolytic CRF1 receptor antagonist antalarmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russ E Carpenter
- University Writing Program, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Boris Sabirzhanov
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Tangi R Summers
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA; Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA; Veterans Affairs Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Timothy G Clark
- Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Joyce Keifer
- Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Cliff H Summers
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA; Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA; Veterans Affairs Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
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Korzan WJ, Summers CH. Evolution of stress responses refine mechanisms of social rank. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100328. [PMID: 33997153 PMCID: PMC8105687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Social rank functions to facilitate coping responses to socially stressful situations and conditions. The evolution of social status appears to be inseparably connected to the evolution of stress. Stress, aggression, reward, and decision-making neurocircuitries overlap and interact to produce status-linked relationships, which are common among both male and female populations. Behavioral consequences stemming from social status and rank relationships are molded by aggressive interactions, which are inherently stressful. It seems likely that the balance of regulatory elements in pro- and anti-stress neurocircuitries results in rapid but brief stress responses that are advantageous to social dominance. These systems further produce, in coordination with reward and aggression circuitries, rapid adaptive responding during opportunities that arise to acquire food, mates, perch sites, territorial space, shelter and other resources. Rapid acquisition of resources and aggressive postures produces dominant individuals, who temporarily have distinct fitness advantages. For these reasons also, change in social status can occur rapidly. Social subordination results in slower and more chronic neural and endocrine reactions, a suite of unique defensive behaviors, and an increased propensity for anxious and depressive behavior and affect. These two behavioral phenotypes are but distinct ends of a spectrum, however, they may give us insights into the troubling mechanisms underlying the myriad of stress-related disorders to which they appear to be evolutionarily linked.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cliff H Summers
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA.,Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.,Veterans Affairs Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA
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