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Cavallieri F, Lucchi C, Grisanti S, Monfrini E, Fioravanti V, Toschi G, Di Rauso G, Rossi J, Di Fonzo A, Biagini G, Valzania F. Neurosteroid Levels in GBA Mutated and Non-Mutated Parkinson's Disease: A Possible Factor Influencing Clinical Phenotype? Biomolecules 2024; 14:1022. [PMID: 39199409 PMCID: PMC11352262 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurosteroids are pleiotropic molecules involved in various neurodegenerative diseases with neuroinflammation. We assessed neurosteroids' serum levels in a cohort of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients with heterozygous glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations (GBA-PD) compared with matched cohorts of consecutive non-mutated PD (NM-PD) patients and healthy subjects with (GBA-HC) and without (NM-HC) GBA mutations. A consecutive cohort of GBA-PD was paired for age, sex, disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr stage, and comorbidities with a cohort of consecutive NM-PD. Two cohorts of GBA-HC and HC were also considered. Clinical assessment included the Movement Disorder Society revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Serum samples were processed and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with the triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Twenty-two GBA-PD (males: 11, age: 63.68), 22 NM-PD (males: 11, age: 63.05), 14 GBA-HC (males: 8; age: 49.36), and 15 HC (males: 4; age: 60.60) were studied. Compared to NM-PD, GBA-PD showed more hallucinations and psychosis (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test) and higher MDS-UPDRS part-II (p < 0.05). Most of the serum neurosteroids were reduced in both GBA-PD and NM-PD compared to the respective control cohorts, except for 5α-dihydroprogesterone. Allopregnanolone was the only neurosteroid significantly lower (p < 0.01, Dunn's test) in NM-PD compared to GBA-PD patients. Only in GBA-PD, allopregnanolone, and pregnanolone levels correlated (Spearman) with a more severe MDS-UPDRS part-III. Allopregnanolone levels also negatively correlated with MoCA scores, and pregnanolone levels correlated with more pronounced bradykinesia. This pilot study provides the first observation of changes in neurosteroid peripheral levels in GBA-PD. The involvement of the observed changes in the development of neuropsychological and motor symptoms of GBA-PD deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cavallieri
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.C.); (V.F.); (G.T.); (G.D.R.); (J.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Chiara Lucchi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Sara Grisanti
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Monfrini
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Valentina Fioravanti
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.C.); (V.F.); (G.T.); (G.D.R.); (J.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Giulia Toschi
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.C.); (V.F.); (G.T.); (G.D.R.); (J.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Giulia Di Rauso
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.C.); (V.F.); (G.T.); (G.D.R.); (J.R.); (F.V.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Jessica Rossi
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.C.); (V.F.); (G.T.); (G.D.R.); (J.R.); (F.V.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Biagini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Franco Valzania
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.C.); (V.F.); (G.T.); (G.D.R.); (J.R.); (F.V.)
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Melcangi RC. Role of Neuroactive Steroids in Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:941. [PMID: 39199329 PMCID: PMC11352212 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Steroidogenesis occurs not only in endocrine peripheral glands (i [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Wang M, Hu S, Fu X, Zhou H, Yang S, Yang C. Neurosteroids: A potential target for neuropsychiatric disorders. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 239:106485. [PMID: 38369032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Neurosteroids are steroids produced by endocrine glands and subsequently entering the brain, and also include steroids synthesis in the brain. It has been widely known that neurosteroids influence many neurological functions, including neuronal signaling, synaptic adaptations, and neuroprotective effects. In addition, abnormality in the synthesis and function of neurosteroids has been closely linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), schizophrenia (SZ), and epilepsy. Given their important role in brain pathophysiology and disorders, neurosteroids offer potential therapeutic targets for a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases, and that therapeutic strategies targeting neurosteroids probably exert beneficial effects. We therefore summarized the role of neurosteroids in brain physiology and neuropsychiatric disorders, and introduced the recent findings of synthetic neurosteroid analogues for potential treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, thereby providing insights for further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Suwan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xinghuo Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Huixuan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Tsokkou S, Kavvadas D, Georgaki MN, Papadopoulou K, Papamitsou T, Karachrysafi S. Genetic and Epigenetic Factors Associated with Postpartum Psychosis: A 5-Year Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:964. [PMID: 38398277 PMCID: PMC10888625 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13040964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Postpartum psychosis (PPP) is a serious mental health illness affecting women post-parturition. Around 1 in 1000 women are affected by postpartum psychosis, and the symptoms usually appear within 2 weeks after birth. Postpartum mental disorders are classified into 3 main categories starting from the least to most severe types, including baby blues, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, genetic and epigenetic factors associated with postpartum psychosis are discussed. A PRISMA flow diagram was followed, and the following databases were used as main sources: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Additional information was retrieved from external sources and organizations. The time period for the articles extracted was 5 years. Results: Initially, a total of 2379 articled were found. After the stated criteria were applied, 58 articles were identified along with 20 articles from additional sources, which were then narrowed down to a final total of 29 articles. Conclusions: It can be concluded that there is an association between PPP and genetic and epigenetic risk factors. However, based on the data retrieved and examined, the association was found to be greater for genetic factors. Additionally, the presence of bipolar disorder and disruption of the circadian cycle played a crucial role in the development of PPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Tsokkou
- Research Team “Histologistas”, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program “Health and Environmental Factors”, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (D.K.); (M.-N.G.); (K.P.); (T.P.)
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kavvadas
- Research Team “Histologistas”, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program “Health and Environmental Factors”, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (D.K.); (M.-N.G.); (K.P.); (T.P.)
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria-Nefeli Georgaki
- Research Team “Histologistas”, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program “Health and Environmental Factors”, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (D.K.); (M.-N.G.); (K.P.); (T.P.)
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Papadopoulou
- Research Team “Histologistas”, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program “Health and Environmental Factors”, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (D.K.); (M.-N.G.); (K.P.); (T.P.)
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- A’ Neurosurgery University Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Research Team “Histologistas”, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program “Health and Environmental Factors”, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (D.K.); (M.-N.G.); (K.P.); (T.P.)
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Karachrysafi
- Research Team “Histologistas”, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program “Health and Environmental Factors”, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (D.K.); (M.-N.G.); (K.P.); (T.P.)
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Yoon S, Kim YK. Endocrinological Treatment Targets for Depressive Disorder. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1456:3-25. [PMID: 39261421 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-4402-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Depressive disorder exhibits heterogeneity in clinical presentation, progression, and treatment outcomes. While conventional antidepressants based on the monoamine hypothesis benefit many patients, a significant proportion remains unresponsive or fails to fully recover. An individualized integrative treatment approach, considering diverse pathophysiologies, holds promise for these individuals. The endocrine system, governing physiological regulation and organ homeostasis, plays a pivotal role in central nervous system functions. Dysregulations in endocrine system are major cause of depressive disorder due to other medical conditions. Subtle endocrine abnormalities, such as subclinical hypothyroidism, are associated with depression. Conversely, depressive disorder correlates with endocrine-related biomarkers. Fluctuations in sex hormone levels related to female reproduction, elevate depression risk in susceptible subjects. Consequently, extensive research has explored treatment strategies involving the endocrine system. Treatment guidelines recommend tri-iodothyronine augmentation for resistant depression, while allopregnanolone analogs have gained approval for postpartum depression, with ongoing investigations for broader depressive disorders. This book chapter will introduce the relationship between the endocrine system and depressive disorders, presenting clinical findings on neuroendocrinological treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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