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Kar SS, Cetin H, Abraham J, Srivastava SK, Whitney J, Madabhushi A, Ehlers JP. Novel Fractal-Based Sub-RPE Compartment OCT Radiomics Biomarkers Are Associated With Subfoveal Geographic Atrophy in Dry AMD. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:2914-2921. [PMID: 37097804 PMCID: PMC10581743 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3270201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to quantitatively characterize the shape of the sub-retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE, i.e., space bounded by RPE and Bruch's membrane) compartment on SD-OCT using fractal dimension (FD) features and evaluate their impact on risk of subfoveal geographic atrophy (sfGA) progression. METHODS This was an IRB-approved retrospective study of 137 subjects with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with subfoveal GA. Based on sfGA status at year five, eyes were categorized as "Progressors" and "Non-progressors". FD analysis allows quantification of the degree of shape complexity and architectural disorder associated with a structure. To characterize the structural irregularities along the sub-RPE surface between the two groups of patients, a total of 15 shape descriptors of FD were extracted from the sub-RPE compartment of baseline OCT scans. The top four features were identified using minimum Redundancy maximum Relevance (mRmR) feature selection method and evaluated with Random Forest (RF) classifier using three-fold cross validation from the training set (N = 90). Classifier performance was subsequently validated on the independent test set (N = 47). RESULTS Using the top four FD features, a RF classifier yielded an AUC of 0.85 on the independent test set. Mean fractal entropy (p-value = 4.8e-05) was identified as the most significant biomarker; higher values of entropy being associated with greater shape disorder and risk for sfGA progression. CONCLUSIONS FD assessment holds promise for identifying high-risk eyes for GA progression. SIGNIFICANCE With further validation, FD features could be potentially used for clinical trial enrichment and assessments for therapeutic response in dry AMD patients.
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Firouznia M, Feeny AK, LaBarbera MA, McHale M, Cantlay C, Kalfas N, Schoenhagen P, Saliba W, Tchou P, Barnard J, Chung MK, Madabhushi A. Machine Learning-Derived Fractal Features of Shape and Texture of the Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins From Cardiac Computed Tomography Scans Are Associated With Risk of Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation Postablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2021; 14:e009265. [PMID: 33576688 DOI: 10.1161/circep.120.009265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Firouznia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.F., A.M.), Case Western Reserve University
| | - Albert K Feeny
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine (A.K.F., M.A.L., P.S., M.K.C.), Case Western Reserve University
| | - Michael A LaBarbera
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine (A.K.F., M.A.L., P.S., M.K.C.), Case Western Reserve University
| | - Meghan McHale
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute (M.M., P.S., W.S., P.T., M.K.C.).,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute (M.M., C.C., N.K., M.K.C.), Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Catherine Cantlay
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute (M.M., C.C., N.K., M.K.C.), Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Natalie Kalfas
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute (M.M., C.C., N.K., M.K.C.), Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Paul Schoenhagen
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine (A.K.F., M.A.L., P.S., M.K.C.), Case Western Reserve University.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute (M.M., P.S., W.S., P.T., M.K.C.).,Imaging Institute (P.S.), Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Walid Saliba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute (M.M., P.S., W.S., P.T., M.K.C.)
| | - Patrick Tchou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute (M.M., P.S., W.S., P.T., M.K.C.)
| | - John Barnard
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute (J.B.), Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Mina K Chung
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine (A.K.F., M.A.L., P.S., M.K.C.), Case Western Reserve University.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute (M.M., P.S., W.S., P.T., M.K.C.)
| | - Anant Madabhushi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.F., A.M.), Case Western Reserve University.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute (M.M., C.C., N.K., M.K.C.), Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, OH (A.M.)
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Online Visual Tracking of Weighted Multiple Instance Learning via Neutrosophic Similarity-Based Objectness Estimation. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An online neutrosophic similarity-based objectness tracking with a weighted multiple instance learning algorithm (NeutWMIL) is proposed. Each training sample is extracted surrounding the object location, and the distribution of these samples is symmetric. To provide a more robust weight for each sample in the positive bag, the asymmetry of the importance of the samples is considered. The neutrosophic similarity-based objectness estimation with object properties (super straddling) is applied. The neutrosophic theory is a new branch of philosophy for dealing with incomplete, indeterminate, and inconsistent information. By considering the surrounding information of the object, a single valued neutrosophic set (SVNS)-based segmentation parameter selection method is proposed, to produce a well-built set of superpixels which can better explain the object area at each frame. Then, the intersection and shape-distance criteria are proposed for weighting each superpixel in the SVNS domain, mainly via three membership functions, T (truth), I (indeterminacy), and F (falsity), for each criterion. After filtering out the superpixels with low response, the newly defined neutrosophic weights are utilized for weighting each sample. Furthermore, the objectness estimation information is also applied for estimating and alleviating the problem of tracking drift. Experimental results on challenging benchmark video sequences reveal the superior performance of our algorithm when confronting appearance changes and background clutters.
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