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Choudhary AG, Awathale SN, Dudhabhate BB, Pawar N, Jadhav G, Upadhya MA, Khedkar T, Gadhikar YA, Sakharkar AJ, Subhedar NK, Kokare DM. Response of nitrergic system in the brain of rat conditioned to intracranial self-stimulation. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38445395 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The role of nitrergic system in modulating the action of psychostimulants on reward processing is well established. However, the relevant anatomical underpinnings and scope of the involved interactions with mesolimbic dopaminergic system have not been clarified. Using immunohistochemistry, we track the changes in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) containing cell groups in the animals conditioned to intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) via an electrode implanted in the lateral hypothalamus-medial forebrain bundle (LH-MFB) area. An increase in the nNOS immunoreactivity was noticed in the cells and fibers in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh), the primary loci of the reward system. In addition, nNOS was up-regulated in the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC), vertical limb of diagonal band (VDB), locus coeruleus (LC), lateral hypothalamus (LH), superficial gray layer (SuG) of the superior colliculus, and periaqueductal gray (PAG). The brain tissue fragments drawn from these areas showed a change in nNOS mRNA expression, but in opposite direction. Intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of nNOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) showed decreased lever press activity in a dose-dependent manner in ICSS task. While an increase in the dopamine (DA) and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) efflux was noted in the microdialysates collected from the AcbSh of ICSS rats, pre-administration of 7-NI (icv route) attenuated the response. The study identifies nitrergic centers that probably mediate sensory, cognitive, and motor components of the goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit G Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Sanjay N Awathale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Biru B Dudhabhate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Namrata Pawar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Gouri Jadhav
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Manoj A Upadhya
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Trupti Khedkar
- Department of Zoology, Nabira Mahavidyalay, Katol, India
| | - Yashashree A Gadhikar
- Department of Zoology, Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati, India
| | - Amul J Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | - Dadasaheb M Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
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Choi GY, Kim HB, Hwang ES, Park HS, Cho JM, Ham YK, Kim JH, Mun MK, Maeng S, Park JH. Naringin enhances long-term potentiation and recovers learning and memory deficits of amyloid-beta induced Alzheimer's disease-like behavioral rat model. Neurotoxicology 2023; 95:35-45. [PMID: 36549596 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the most typical type of dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive learning and memory impairment. It is known that the main causes of AD are the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) containing hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Naringin is a flavonoid from citrus fruits, especially in grapefruit, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective activities. However, the effect of naringin in AD caused by Aβ has not been clearly studied, and there are few studies on the electrophysiological aspect. Thus, we investigated the ex vivo neuroprotective effect of naringin through the long-term potentiation (LTP) on organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. We evaluated the in vivo effects of naringin (100 mg/kg/day) orally treated for 20 days on learning, memory, and cognition which was impaired by bilateral CA1 subregion injection of Aβ. Cognitive behaviors were measured 2 weeks after Aβ injection using behavioral tests and the hippocampal expression of apoptotic and neurotrophic regulators were measured by immunoblotting. In hippocampal tissue slices, naringin dose-dependently increased the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) after theta burst stimulation and attenuated Aβ-induced blockade of fEPSP in the hippocampal CA1 area. In Aβ injected rats, naringin improved object recognition memory in the novel object test, avoidance memory in the passive avoidance test and spatial recognition memory in the Morris water maze test. In the hippocampus, naringin attenuated the Aβ-induced cyclooxygenase-2, Bax activation and Bcl-2, CREB, BDNF and TrkB inhibition. These results suggest that naringin has therapeutic potential to reduce neuronal inflammation and apoptosis induced by Aβ related with the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Young Choi
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Bum Kim
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eun-Sang Hwang
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sub Park
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Cho
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Ham
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Mun
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Patricio-Martínez A, Sánchez-Zavaleta R, Angulo-Cruz I, Gutierrez-Praxedis L, Ramírez E, Martínez-García I, Limón ID. The Acute Activation of the CB1 Receptor in the Hippocampus Decreases Neurotoxicity and Prevents Spatial Memory Impairment in Rats Lesioned with β-Amyloid 25-35. Neuroscience 2019; 416:239-254. [PMID: 31400487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Given their anti-inflammatory properties, cannabinoids have been shown to be neuroprotective agents and to reduce excitotoxicity, through the activation of the Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1r). These properties have led to CB1r being proposed as pharmacological targets for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. Amyloid-β 25-35 (Aβ25-35) induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increases nitric oxide (NO●) levels. It has been observed that increased NO● concentrations trigger biochemical pathways that contribute to neuronal death and cognitive damage. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of an acute activation of CB1r on spatial memory and its impact on iNOS protein expression, NO● levels, gliosis and the neurodegenerative process induced by the injection of Aβ(25-35) into the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. ACEA [1 μM/1 μL] and Aβ(25-35) [100 μM/1 μL] and their respective vehicle groups were injected into the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. The animals were tested for spatial learning and memory in the eight-arm radial maze, with the results revealing that the administration of ACEA plus Aβ(25-35) improves learning and memory processes, in contrast with the Aβ(25-35) group. Moreover, ACEA plus Aβ(25-35) prevented both the increase in iNOS protein and NO● levels and the reactive gliosis induced by Aβ(25-35). Importantly, neurodegeneration was significantly reduced by the administration of ACEA plus Aβ(25-35) in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. The data obtained in the present research suggest that the acute early activation of CB1r is crucial for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleidy Patricio-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Sánchez-Zavaleta
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Isael Angulo-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Liliana Gutierrez-Praxedis
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eleazar Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Isabel Martínez-García
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ilhuicamina Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
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Functions and dysfunctions of nitric oxide in brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1949-1967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ramírez E, Sánchez-Maldonado C, Mayoral MA, Mendieta L, Alatriste V, Patricio-Martínez A, Limón ID. Neuroinflammation induced by the peptide amyloid-β (25-35) increase the presence of galectin-3 in astrocytes and microglia and impairs spatial memory. Neuropeptides 2019; 74:11-23. [PMID: 30795916 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are animal lectins that bind to β-galactosides, such as lactose and N-acetyllactosamine, contained in glycoproteins or glycolipids. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) are involved in pathologies associated with the inflammatory process, cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. Recent evidence has shown that the administration of Amyloid-β 25-35 (Aβ25-35) into the hippocampus of rats increases the inflammatory response that is associated with memory impairment and neurodegeneration. Galectins could participate in the modulation of the neuroinflammation induced by the Aβ25-35. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the neuroinflammation induced by administration of Aβ25-35 into the hippocampus and to examine spatial memory in the Morris water maze. After the administration of Aβ25-35, animals were tested for learning and spatial memory in the Morris water maze. Behavioral performance showed that Aβ25-35 didn't affect spatial learning but did impair memory, with animals taking longer to find the platform. On the day 32, hippocampus was examined for astrocytes (GFAP), microglia (Iba1), Gal-1 and Gal-3 via immunohistochemical analysis, and the cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ by ELISA. This study's results showed a significant increase in the expression of Gal-3 in the microglia and astrocytes, while Gal-1 didn't increase in the dorsal hippocampus. The expression of galectins is associated with increased cytokines in the hippocampal formation of Aβ25-35 treated rats. These findings suggest that Gal-3 could participate in the inflammation induced by administration of Aβ25-35 and could be involved in the neurodegeneration progress and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, 105 C-FCQ BUAP, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | | | - Liliana Mendieta
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, 105 C-FCQ BUAP, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Aleidy Patricio-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, 105 C-FCQ BUAP, Puebla, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, BUAP, Puebla, Mexico
| | - I Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, 105 C-FCQ BUAP, Puebla, Mexico.
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Gupta P, Sil S, Ghosh R, Ghosh A, Ghosh T. Intracerebroventricular Aβ-Induced Neuroinflammation Alters Peripheral Immune Responses in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:572-586. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gulyaeva NV, Bobkova NV, Kolosova NG, Samokhin AN, Stepanichev MY, Stefanova NA. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease: Studies on Rodent Models in vivo. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1088-1102. [PMID: 29037130 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review, recent data are presented on molecular and cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis of the most widespread (about 95%) sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease obtained on in vivo rodent models. Although none of the available models can fully reproduce the human disease, several key molecular mechanisms (such as dysfunction of neurotransmitter systems, especially of the acetylcholinergic system, β-amyloid toxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbances in neurotrophic systems) are confirmed with different models. Injection models, olfactory bulbectomy, and senescence accelerated OXYS rats are reviewed in detail. These three approaches to in vivo modeling of sporadic Alzheimer's disease have demonstrated a considerable similarity in molecular and cellular mechanisms of pathology development. Studies on these models provide complementary data, and each model possesses its specific advantages. A general analysis of the data reported for the three models provides a multifaceted and the currently most complete molecular picture of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. This is highly relevant also from the practical viewpoint because it creates a basis for elaboration and preclinical studies of means for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia.
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Mitochondrial Ferritin Deletion Exacerbates β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1020357. [PMID: 28191272 PMCID: PMC5278219 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is a mitochondrial iron storage protein which protects mitochondria from iron-induced oxidative damage. Our previous studies indicate that FtMt attenuates β-amyloid- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. To explore the protective effects of FtMt on β-amyloid-induced memory impairment and neuronal apoptosis and the mechanisms involved, 10-month-old wild-type and Ftmt knockout mice were infused intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with Aβ25–35 to establish an Alzheimer's disease model. Knockout of Ftmt significantly exacerbated Aβ25–35-induced learning and memory impairment. The Bcl-2/Bax ratio in mouse hippocampi was decreased and the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP were increased. The number of neuronal cells undergoing apoptosis in the hippocampus was also increased in Ftmt knockout mice. In addition, the levels of L-ferritin and FPN1 in the hippocampus were raised, and the expression of TfR1 was decreased. Increased MDA levels were also detected in Ftmt knockout mice treated with Aβ25–35. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the neurological impairment induced by Aβ25–35 was exacerbated in Ftmt knockout mice and that this may relate to increased levels of oxidative stress.
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Balog J, Mehta SL, Vemuganti R. Mitochondrial fission and fusion in secondary brain damage after CNS insults. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:2022-2033. [PMID: 27677674 PMCID: PMC5363672 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16671528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamically active organelles, regulated through fission and fusion events to continuously redistribute them across axons, dendrites, and synapses of neurons to meet bioenergetics requirements and to control various functions, including cell proliferation, calcium buffering, neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. However, following acute or chronic injury to CNS, altered expression and function of proteins that mediate fission and fusion lead to mitochondrial dynamic imbalance. Particularly, if the fission is abnormally increased through pro-fission mediators such as Drp1, mitochondrial function will be impaired and mitochondria will become susceptible to insertion of proapototic proteins. This leads to the formation of mitochondrial transition pore, which eventually triggers apoptosis. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction is a major promoter of neuronal death and secondary brain damage after an insult. This review discusses the implications of mitochondrial dynamic imbalance in neuronal death after acute and chronic CNS insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Balog
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA .,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular & Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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Amyloid Beta Peptides Affect Pregnenolone and Pregnenolone Sulfate Levels in PC-12 and SH-SY5Y Cells Depending on Cholesterol. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1700-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Getting to NO Alzheimer's Disease: Neuroprotection versus Neurotoxicity Mediated by Nitric Oxide. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:3806157. [PMID: 26697132 PMCID: PMC4677236 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3806157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the loss of neurons in the brain which leads to progressive memory loss and behavioral changes. To date, there are only limited medications for AD and no known cure. Nitric oxide (NO) has long been considered part of the neurotoxic insult caused by neuroinflammation in the Alzheimer's brain. However, focusing on early developments, prior to the appearance of cognitive symptoms, is changing that perception. This has highlighted a compensatory, neuroprotective role for NO that protects synapses by increasing neuronal excitability. A potential mechanism for augmentation of excitability by NO is via modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity (Kv7 and Kv2). Identification of the ionic mechanisms and signaling pathways that mediate this protection is an important next step for the field. Harnessing the protective role of NO and related signaling pathways could provide a therapeutic avenue that prevents synapse loss early in disease.
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Ma B, Meng X, Wang J, Sun J, Ren X, Qin M, Sun J, Sun G, Sun X. Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates amyloid-β-induced damage in neurons by inhibiting reactive oxygen species and modulating MAPK activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:151-9. [PMID: 24975829 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ increases free radical production in neuronal cells, leading to oxidative stress and cell death. An intervention that would reduce Aβ-related neurotoxicity through free radical reduction could advance the treatment of AD. Notoginsenoside R1 (NR1), the major and most active ingredient in the herb Panax notoginseng, can reduce reactive oxygen species and confer some neuroprotective effects. Here, NR1 was applied in a cell-based model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell viability, cell death, reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed in cultured PC12 neuronal cells incubated with Aβ(25-35). In this model, Aβ was neurotoxic and induced necrosis and apoptosis; however, NR1 significantly counteracted the effects of Aβ by increasing cell viability, reducing oxidative damage (including apoptosis), restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppressing stress-activated MAPK signaling pathways. These results promise a great potential agent for Alzheimer's disease and other Aβ pathology-related neuronal degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; Eastern Liaoning University, No. 325 Wenhua Street, Yuanbao District, Dandong Liaoning 118003, PR China
| | - Meng Qin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Choi YY, Maeda T, Fujii H, Yokozawa T, Kim HY, Cho EJ, Shibamoto T. Oligonol improves memory and cognition under an amyloid β(25-35)-induced Alzheimer's mouse model. Nutr Res 2014; 34:595-603. [PMID: 25150118 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an age-dependent progressive neurodegenerative disorder that results in impairments of memory and cognitive function. It is hypothesized that oligonol has ameliorative effects on memory impairment and reduced cognitive functions in mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by amyloid β(25-35) (Aβ(25-35)) injection. The protective effect of an oligonol against Aβ(25-35)-induced memory impairment was investigated in an in vivo Alzheimer's mouse model. The aggregation of Aβ25-35 was induced by incubation at 37°C for 3 days before injection into mice brains (5 nmol/mouse), and then oligonol was orally administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight for 2 weeks. Memory and cognition were observed in T-maze, object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. The group injected with Aβ(25-35) showed impairments in both recognition and memory. However, novel object recognition and new route awareness abilities were dose dependently improved by the oral administration of oligonol. In addition, the results of the Morris water maze test indicated that oligonol exerted protective activity against cognitive impairment induced by Aβ(25-35). Furthermore, nitric oxide formation and lipid peroxidation were significantly elevated by Aβ(25-35), whereas oligonol treatment significantly decreased nitric oxide formation and lipid peroxidation in the brain, liver, and kidneys. The present results suggest that oligonol improves Aβ(25-35)-induced memory deficit and cognition impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Food Science Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hajime Fujii
- Amino Up Chemical, Co, Ltd, Sapporo 004-0839, Japan
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
| | - Takayuki Shibamoto
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Díaz A, Rojas K, Espinosa B, Chávez R, Zenteno E, Limón D, Guevara J. Aminoguanidine treatment ameliorates inflammatory responses and memory impairment induced by amyloid-beta 25-35 injection in rats. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:153-9. [PMID: 24703968 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by accumulation of the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) in neuritic plaques. Its neurotoxic mechanisms are associated with inflammatory responses and nitrosative stress generation that promote expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increased nitric oxide causing neuronal death and memory impairment. Studies suggest that treatment with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agents decreases the risk of developing AD. Aminoguanidine (AG) is an iNOS inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, we evaluated the effects of systemic administration of AG (100 mg/kg/day for 4 days) on spatial memory and inflammatory responses induced by an injection of Aβ(25-35) [100 μM] into the temporal cortex (TCx) of rats. A significant improvement of spatial memory was evident in the Aβ(25-35)-treated group at day 30 post-injection subjected to AG treatment; this effect was correlated with decreases in reactive gliosis, IL-1β, TNF-α, and nitrite levels, as well as a reduction in neurodegeneration in the TCx and hippocampus (Hp). These results suggest that AG treatment inhibited glia activation and cytokine release, which may help to counteract neurodegenerative events induced by the toxicity of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, BUAP, Puebla, PL, Mexico; Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, INNN-MVS, Mexico, DF, Mexico; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Karla Rojas
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, INNN-MVS, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | | | - Raúl Chávez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Daniel Limón
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, BUAP, Puebla, PL, Mexico
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
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15
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Transient disturbances in contextual fear memory induced by Aβ(25–35) in rats are accompanied by cholinergic dysfunction. Behav Brain Res 2014; 259:152-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Stepanichev MY, Onufriev MV, Piskunov AK, Moiseeva YV, Lazareva NA, Moiseenok AG, Gusev PV, Gulyaeva NV. The effects of derivatives of pantothenic acid on free-radical processes and the corticosterone level in the hippocampus and neocortex of rats after interoceptive stress. NEUROCHEM J+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712413020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Wu WS, Zhao YS, Shi ZH, Chang SY, Nie GJ, Duan XL, Zhao SM, Wu Q, Yang ZL, Zhao BL, Chang YZ. Mitochondrial ferritin attenuates β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity: reduction in oxidative damage through the Erk/P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:158-69. [PMID: 22746342 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial ferritin (MtFt), which was recently discovered, plays an important role in preventing neuronal damage in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinsonism by maintaining mitochondrial iron homeostasis. Disruption of iron regulation also plays a key role in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To explore the potential neuroprotective roles of MtFt, rats and cells were treated with Aβ(25-35) to establish an AD model. RESULTS We report that knockdown of MtFt expression significantly enhanced Aβ(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity as shown by dysregulation of iron homeostasis, enhanced oxidative stress, and increased cell apoptosis. Opposite results were obtained when MtFt was overexpressed in SH-SY5Y cells prior to treatment with Aβ(25-35). Further, MtFt inhibited Aβ(25-35)-induced P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) signaling. INNOVATION MtFt attenuated Aβ(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity and reduced oxidative damage through Erk/P38 kinase signaling. CONCLUSION Our results show a protective role of MtFt in AD and suggest that regulation of MtFt expression in neuronal cells may provide a new neuroprotective strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shuang Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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18
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Tishkina A, Rukhlenko A, Stepanichev M, Levshina I, Pasikova N, Onufriev M, Moiseeva Y, Piskunov A, Gulyaeva N. Region-specific changes in activities of cell death-related proteases and nitric oxide metabolism in rat brain in a chronic unpredictable stress model. Metab Brain Dis 2012; 27:431-41. [PMID: 23010934 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Effects of a chronic combined unpredictable stress on activities of two cell death-related proteases, calpain and cathepsin B, were studied along with indices of nitrergic system in rat brain structures. Male Wistar rats were subjected to a 2-week-long combined stress (combination of unpaired flash light and moderate footshock associated with a white noise session). Stress resulted in a significant loss in the body and thymus weight and increased defecation in the open field test, though neither motor and exploratory activity, nor plasma corticosterone differed from the respective control levels. Decreased calpain activity and increased cathepsin B activity were demonstrated in the hippocampus of stressed rats (previously we have shown that caspase-3 activity was significantly suppressed in the brain of rats subjected to same type of stress). A significant reduction in the number of NOS-containing neurons was accompanied by a chronic stressinduced decline in NOS activity in the neocortex. Similar changes were observed in the hippocampus. However, levels of NO metabolites were elevated in both structures. Thus, stress-induced structural modifications in the brain may be mediated by disturbances in the nitrergic system and increased lysosomal proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tishkina
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova str., 5A, Moscow, 117485, Russia
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19
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Nitric oxide inactivation mechanisms in the brain: role in bioenergetics and neurodegeneration. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:391914. [PMID: 22719764 PMCID: PMC3376480 DOI: 10.1155/2012/391914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades nitric oxide ((•)NO) has emerged as a critical physiological signaling molecule in mammalian tissues, notably in the brain. (•)NO may modify the activity of regulatory proteins via direct reaction with the heme moiety, or indirectly, via S-nitrosylation of thiol groups or nitration of tyrosine residues. However, a conceptual understanding of how (•)NO bioactivity is carried out in biological systems is hampered by the lack of knowledge on its dynamics in vivo. Key questions still lacking concrete and definitive answers include those related with quantitative issues of its concentration dynamics and diffusion, summarized in the how much, how long, and how far trilogy. For instance, a major problem is the lack of knowledge of what constitutes a physiological (•)NO concentration and what constitutes a pathological one and how is (•)NO concentration regulated. The ambient (•)NO concentration reflects the balance between the rate of synthesis and the rate of breakdown. Much has been learnt about the mechanism of (•)NO synthesis, but the inactivation pathways of (•)NO has been almost completely ignored. We have recently addressed these issues in vivo on basis of microelectrode technology that allows a fine-tuned spatial and temporal measurement (•)NO concentration dynamics in the brain.
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20
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Badun GA, Chernysheva MG, Ksenofontov AL. Increase in the specific radioactivity of tritium-labeled compounds obtained by tritium thermal activation method. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2012. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2012.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A method of tritium introduction into different types of organic molecules that is based on the interaction of atomic tritium with solid organic target is described. Tritium atoms are formed on the hot W-wire, which is heated by the electric current. Such an approach is called “tritium thermal activation method”. Here we summarize the results of labeling globular proteins (lysozyme, human and bovine serum albumins); derivatives of pantothenic acid and amino acids; ionic surfactants (sodium dodecylsulfate and alkyltrimethylammonium bromides) and nonionic high-molecular weight surfactants – pluronics. For the first time it is observed that if the target-compound is fixed and its radicals are stable the specific radioactivity of the labeled product can be drastically increased (up to 400 times) when the target temperature is ca. 295 K compared with the results obtained at 77 K. The influence of labeling parameters as tritium gas pressure, exposure time and W-wire temperature was tested for each target temperature that results in the optimum labeling conditions with high specific radioactivity and chemical yield of the resulting compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. G. Chernysheva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Radiochemistry Division, Moscow, Russische Föderation
| | - A. L. Ksenofontov
- Lomonosow Moscow State University, N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biolog, Moscow, 119991, Russische Föderation
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21
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Bagheri M, Roghani M, Joghataei MT, Mohseni S. Genistein inhibits aggregation of exogenous amyloid-beta1–40 and alleviates astrogliosis in the hippocampus of rats. Brain Res 2012; 1429:145-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ prevents loss of spatial memory retention and early neuropathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 2011; 31:15703-15. [PMID: 22049413 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0552-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the ability of the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ (mitoquinone mesylate: [10-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,6-dioxo-1,4-cycloheexadienl-yl) decyl triphenylphosphonium methanesulfonate]) to prevent AD-like pathology in mouse cortical neurons in cell culture and in a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD). MitoQ attenuated β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity in cortical neurons and also prevented increased production of reactive species and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ(m)) in them. To determine whether the mitochondrial protection conferred by MitoQ was sufficient to prevent the emergence of AD-like neuropathology in vivo, we treated young female 3xTg-AD mice with MitoQ for 5 months and analyzed the effect on the progression of AD-like pathologies. Our results show that MitoQ prevented cognitive decline in these mice as well as oxidative stress, Aβ accumulation, astrogliosis, synaptic loss, and caspase activation in their brains. The work presented herein suggests a central role for mitochondria in neurodegeneration and provides evidence supporting the use of mitochondria-targeted therapeutics in diseases involving oxidative stress and metabolic failure, namely AD.
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23
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Zara S, Di Stefano A, Nasuti C, Rapino M, Patruno A, Pesce M, Sozio P, Cerasa LS, Cataldi A. NOS-mediated morphological and molecular modifications in rats infused with Aβ (1-40), as a model of Alzheimer's disease, in response to a new lipophilic molecular combination codrug-1. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:273-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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The role of NOS in the impairment of spatial memory and damaged neurons in rats injected with amyloid beta 25–35 into the temporal cortex. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 98:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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25
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Han S, Rudd JA, Hu ZY, Zhang L, Yew DT, Fang M. Analysis of neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression and increasing astrogliosis in the brain of senescence-accelerated-prone 8 mice. Int J Neurosci 2010; 120:602-8. [PMID: 20707635 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2010.503911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) is an autogenic senile murine model characterized by early cognitive impairment and age-related deterioration of learning and memory. The present study investigated the alternations of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in frontal cortex and hippocampus in the aging process of SAM-prone 8 (SAMP8) and SAM-resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. The results demonstrated that the expression of nNOS was upregulated in the frontal cortex, but downregulated in the hippocampus in SAMP8. Further, age-related increases of astrogliosis were seen in the cortex and hippocampi of aged SAMP8 and SAMR1, as revealed by the expression of the astrocyte specific marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Indeed, astrogliosis in aged SAMP8 was significantly greater than that of aged SAMR1. Our results suggest the possibility of a correlation between the downregulation of nitric oxide (NO) in the hippocampus and reported learning and memory deficits in SAMP8. However, the toxic effects of NO and age-related increases of astrogliosis, may have contributed to abnormal alterations in metabolism and neurochemical mechanisms in aged SAMP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Han
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, China
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26
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Bobba A, Petragallo VA, Marra E, Atlante A. Alzheimer's proteins, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction interplay in a neuronal model of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20862336 PMCID: PMC2939402 DOI: 10.4061/2010/621870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the interplay between beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, Tau fragments, oxidative stress, and mitochondria in the neuronal model of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) in which the molecular events reminiscent of AD are activated. The identification of the death route and the cause/effect relationships between the events leading to death could be helpful to manage the progression of apoptosis in neurodegeneration and to define antiapoptotic treatments acting on precocious steps of the death process. Mitochondrial dysfunction is among the earliest events linked to AD and might play a causative role in disease onset and progression. Recent studies on CGNs have shown that adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) impairment, due to interaction with toxic N-ter Tau fragment, contributes in a significant manner to bioenergetic failure and mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings open a window for new therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving and/or improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bobba
- Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, CNR, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
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27
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Furini CR, Rossato JI, Bitencourt LL, Medina JH, Izquierdo I, Cammarota M. Beta-adrenergic receptors link NO/sGC/PKG signaling to BDNF expression during the consolidation of object recognition long-term memory. Hippocampus 2010; 20:672-83. [PMID: 19533679 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)/protein kinase G (PKG) pathway is important for memory processing, but the identity of its downstream effectors as well as its actual participation in the consolidation of nonaversive declarative long-term memory (LTM) remain unknown. Here, we show that training rats in an object recognition (OR) learning task rapidly increased nitrites/nitrates (NOx) content in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus while posttraining intra-CA1 microinfusion of the neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) inhibitor L-NN hindered OR LTM retention without affecting memory retrieval or other behavioral variables. The amnesic effect of L-NN was not state dependent, was mimicked by the sGC inhibitor LY83583 and the PKG inhibitor KT-5823, and reversed by coinfusion of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and the PKG activator 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8Br-cGMP). SNAP did not affect the amnesic effect of LY83583 and KT-5823. Conversely, 8Br-cGMP overturned the amnesia induced by LY83583 but not that caused by KT-5823. Intra-CA1 infusion of the beta-adrenergic receptor blocker timolol right after training hindered OR LTM and, although coadministration of noradrenaline reversed the amnesia caused by L-NN, LY83583, and KT5823, the amnesic effect of timolol was unaffected by coinfusion of 8Br-cGMP or SNAP, indicating that hippocampal beta-adrenergic receptors act downstream NO/sGC/PKG signaling. We also found that posttraining intra-CA1 infusion of function-blocking anti-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) antibodies hampered OR LTM retention, whereas OR training increased CA1 BDNF levels in a nNOS- and beta-adrenergic receptor-dependent manner. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NO/sGC/PKG signaling in the hippocampus is essential for OR memory consolidation and suggest that beta-adrenergic receptors link the activation of this pathway to BDNF expression during the consolidation of declarative memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane R Furini
- Centro de Memória, Instituto do Cérebro, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul and Instituto Nacional de Neurociência Translacional, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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28
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Bergin D, Liu P. Agmatine protects against β-amyloid25-35-induced memory impairments in the rat. Neuroscience 2010; 169:794-811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Noschang CG, Krolow R, Fontella FU, Arcego DM, Diehl LA, Weis SN, Arteni NS, Dalmaz C. Neonatal handling impairs spatial memory and leads to altered nitric oxide production and DNA breaks in a sex specific manner. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1083-91. [PMID: 20369293 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Early life events lead to behavioral and neurochemical changes in adulthood. The aim of this study is to verify the effects of neonatal handling on spatial memory, nitric oxide (NO) production, antioxidant enzymatic activities and DNA breaks in the hippocampus of male and female adult rats. Litters of rats were non-handled or handled (10 min/day, days 1-10 after birth). In adulthood they were subjected to a Morris water maze or used for biochemical evaluations. Female handled rats showed impairment in spatial learning. They also showed decreased NO production, while no effects were observed in these parameters in male rats. No effects were observed on the number of hippocampal NADPH diaphorase positive cells. In the Comet Assay, male handled rats showed increased DNA breaks index when compared to non-handled ones. We conclude that neonatal handling impairs learning performance in a sex-specific manner, what may be related to NO decreased levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristie Grazziotin Noschang
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básica da Saúde, ICBS, UFRGS (Saúde), Ramiro Barcellos, 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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30
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Stevanović ID, Jovanović MD, Čolić M, Jelenković A, Bokonjić D, Ninković M. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors protect cholinergic neurons against AlCl3 excitotoxicity in the rat brain. Brain Res Bull 2010; 81:641-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists on alpha-synuclein-evoked neuronal nitric oxide synthase activation in the rat brain. Pharmacol Rep 2010; 61:1078-85. [PMID: 20081243 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Synuclein (ASN), a small presynaptic protein that is abundant in the brain, is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The central domain of alpha-synuclein, the non-amyloid beta component of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid (NAC) is probably responsible for its toxicity. However, the molecular mechanism of alpha-synuclein action remains largely elusive. The present study examined the effect of alpha-synuclein and the NAC peptide on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in rat brain cortical and hippocampal slices using a radiochemical technique. Moreover, nitrite levels in brain slices incubated in the presence of alpha-synuclein were measured using the Griess reaction. ASN and the NAC stimulated NOS activity by about 70% and 40%, respectively. beta-Synuclein, a homologous protein of ASN that lacks the NAC domain, had no effect on NOS activity. Under the same experimental conditions, alpha-synuclein increased nitrite levels by 27%. alpha-Synuclein and the NAC affected the activity of constitutive neuronal isoform of NOS, but had no impact on the endothelial or inducible NOS isoforms. The effect of alpha-synuclein and the NAC peptide on NOS activity was inhibited by MK-801 and APV, antagonists of the NMDA receptor. These results indicate that the NMDA receptor plays an important role in alpha-synuclein-evoked nitric oxide synthesis. We suggest that nitric oxide liberated by the over-activated neuronal isoform of NOS could react with superoxide to form peroxynitrite, which modulates the function of a variety of biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and DNA.
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32
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Gulyaeva NV, Stepanichev MY. Abeta(25-35) as proxyholder for amyloidogenic peptides: in vivo evidence. Exp Neurol 2010; 222:6-9. [PMID: 20043907 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity & Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerov Street, Moscow 117485, Russia.
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33
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Toda N, Ayajiki K. [Alzheimer's disease, cerebral blood flow, and nitric oxide]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2010; 135:20-24. [PMID: 20075566 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.135.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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The amyloid-β25–35 injection into the CA1 region of the neonatal rat hippocampus impairs the long-term memory because of an increase of nitric oxide. Neurosci Lett 2010; 468:151-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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The effect of aminoguanidine, an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on AlCl3 toxicity in the rat hippocampus. ARCH BIOL SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.2298/abs1004981s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The presented experiment was carried out to determine the effectiveness of
the inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor - aminoguanidine in modulating
the toxicity of aluminum chloride on the nitrite levels, malondialdehyde
concentration, reduced glutathione content, as well as cytochrome c oxidase
activity of Wistar rats. The animals were killed 3 h and 30 days after
treatment and the hippocampus was removed. The biochemical results show that
aluminum acts as a pro-oxidant, while aminoguanidine exerts an antioxidant
action in aluminum chloride-treated animals. We have also applied
immunohistochemical techniques to identify iNOS expression after the
treatment. Our data suggest that aminoguanidine can be effective in the
protection of toxicity induced by aluminum chloride.
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36
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Significant negative correlations between capillary expressed eNOS and Alzheimer lesion burden. Neurosci Lett 2009; 463:244-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Limón ID, Mendieta L, Díaz A, Chamorro G, Espinosa B, Zenteno E, Guevara J. Neuroprotective effect of alpha-asarone on spatial memory and nitric oxide levels in rats injected with amyloid-beta((25-35)). Neurosci Lett 2009; 453:98-103. [PMID: 19356601 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemical alpha-asarone is an important active substance of the Acori graminei rhizome (AGR). It has pharmacological effects that include antihyperlipidemic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant activity. Our aim was to study the effects alpha-asarone on nitric oxide (NO) levels in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of the rat after injection of the fraction 25-35 from amyloid-beta (Abeta((25-35))). In addition we examined the working spatial memory in an eight-arm radial maze. Our results showed a significant increase of nitrites in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of Abeta((25-35))-treated rats. Other evidence of neuronal damage was the expression of a glial-fibrillar-acid protein and a silver staining. There were impairments in the spatial memory evaluated in the eight-arm radial maze. We wanted to determine whether alpha-asarone improves the memory correlated with NO overproduction and neuronal damage caused by the injection of Abeta((25-35)) into rats. Then animals received a 16-day treatment of alpha-asarone before the Abeta((25-35)) injection. Our results show a significant decrease of nitrite levels in the hippocampus and temporal cortex, without astrocytosis and silver-staining cells, which correlates with memory improvement in the alpha-asarone-treated group. Our results suggest that alpha-asarone may protect neurons against Abeta((25-35))-caused neurotoxicity by inhibiting the effects of NO overproduction in the hippocampus and temporal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhuicamina Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Pregnenolone protects the PC-12 cell line against amyloid beta peptide toxicity but its sulfate ester does not. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 177:65-70. [PMID: 18926803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pregnenolone (P), the main precursor of the steroids, and its sulfate ester, pregnenolone sulfate (PS), are the major neurosteroids produced in the neural tissue. Many neuroendocrinological studies stressed the neuroprotective role of neurosteroids although it has been suggested that the inhibition of P and PS synthesis can delay neuronal cell death. The potential roles of P and PS in vital neuronal functions and in amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) toxicity are not clearly identified. This work aims to investigate the effects of P and PS on cell viability and Abeta peptide toxicity in a concentration and exposure time-dependent manner in rat PC-12 cells. The cells were treated with 20muM Abeta peptide 25-35 and variable concentrations of P and PS ranging from 0.5muM to 100muM. To examine the effects of steroid treatment on Abeta peptide toxicity, 0.5muM (low) and 50muM (high) neurosteroids were used. The cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase release of cells were evaluated after 24, 48 and 72h. Morphological changes of cells were also examined. The treatment with higher than 1muM concentrations of P and PS significantly decreased the cell viability comparing to untreated cells. At lower concentrations, P and PS had no toxic actions until 72h. The Abeta treatment resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability comparing to untreated cells. P showed a dose-dependent protective effect against Abeta peptide in PC-12 cells. But its sulfate ester did not have the same effect on Abeta peptide toxicity, even it significantly decreased cell viability in Abeta-treated cells. Consequently, the discrepant effects of P and PS on Abeta peptide toxicity may provide insight on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Ye H, Jalini S, Mylvaganam S, Carlen P. Activation of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels depresses basal synaptic transmission in the hippocampal CA1 area in APP (swe/ind) TgCRND8 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 31:591-604. [PMID: 18547679 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels regulate synaptic transmission by contributing to the repolarization phase of the action potential that invades the presynaptic terminal. BK channels are prone to activation under pathological conditions, such as brain ischemia and epilepsy. It is unclear if activation of these channels contributes to the depression of synaptic transmission observed in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we recorded the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in the hippocampus CA1 region of brain slices from 6 to 9 weeks (pre-plaque) TgCRND8 mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease that harbors a double amyloid precursor mutation (KM670N/671L "Swedish" and V717F "Indiana"). Compared to age-matched controls, the fEPSPs in these animals are significantly depressed. This depression is largely mediated by the activation of presynaptic BK channels in the CA1 area. Both BK channel blockers (charybdotoxin and paxilline), and the fast binding calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, enhance the fEPSP by deactivating the BK channels. Repetitive stimulation to the afferent pathway enhances fEPSP. This enhancement is more prominent when BK channel blockers are added in Tg slices, suggesting that repetitive stimulation further promotes BK channel activation in Tg slices. The potential candidates that mediate the activation of BK channels in these pre-plaque Alzheimer's disease model mice might involve impaired calcium homeostasis and AD related over-generation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada.
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