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Barik GK, Sahay O, Mukhopadhyay A, Manne RK, Islam S, Roy A, Nath S, Santra MK. FBXW2 suppresses breast tumorigenesis by targeting AKT-Moesin-SKP2 axis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:623. [PMID: 37736741 PMCID: PMC10517019 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Oncogene Moesin plays critical role in initiation, progression, and metastasis of multiple cancers. It exerts oncogenic activity due to its high-level expression as well as posttranslational modification in cancer. However, factors responsible for its high-level expression remain elusive. In this study, we identified positive as well as negative regulators of Moesin. Our study reveals that Moesin is a cellular target of F-box protein FBXW2. We showed that FBXW2 suppresses breast cancer progression through directing proteasomal degradation of Moesin. In contrast, AKT kinase plays an important role in oncogenic function of Moesin by protecting it from FBXW2-mediated proteasomal degradation. Mechanistically, AKT phosphorylates Moesin at Thr-558 and thereby prevents its degradation by FBXW2 via weakening the association between FBXW2 and Moesin. Further, accumulated Moesin prevents FBXW2-mediated degradation of oncogene SKP2, showing that Moesin functions as an upstream regulator of oncogene SKP2. In turn, SKP2 stabilizes Moesin by directing its non-degradable form of polyubiquitination and therefore AKT-Moesin-SKP2 oncogenic axis plays crucial role in breast cancer progression. Collectively, our study reveals that FBXW2 functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by restricting AKT-Moesin-SKP2 axis. Thus, AKT-Moesin-SKP2 axis may be explored for the development of therapeutics for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Barik
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Osheen Sahay
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Anindya Mukhopadhyay
- Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700063, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Manne
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Sehbanul Islam
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Anup Roy
- Department of Pathology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700014, India
| | - Somsubhra Nath
- Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700063, India
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, New Town, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
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2
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Luo T, Ou JN, Cao LF, Peng XQ, Li YM, Tian YQ. The Autism-Related lncRNA MSNP1AS Regulates Moesin Protein to Influence the RhoA, Rac1, and PI3K/Akt Pathways and Regulate the Structure and Survival of Neurons. Autism Res 2020; 13:2073-2082. [PMID: 33215882 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disease involving multiple genes and multiple sites, and it is closely related to environmental factors. It has been gradually revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may regulate the pathogenesis of ASD at the epigenetic level. In neuronal cells, the lncRNA moesin pseudogene 1 antisense (MSNP1AS) forms a double-stranded RNA with moesin (MSN) to suppress moesin protein expression. MSNP1AS overexpression can activate the RhoA pathway and inhibit the Rac1 and PI3K/Akt pathways; however, the regulation of Rac1 by MSNP1AS is not associated with MSN, and the effect on the RhoA pathway may also be associated with other factors. MSNP1AS can decrease the number and length of neurites, inhibit neuronal cell viability and migration, and promote apoptosis. Downregulation of MSN expression functions similarly to MSNP1AS, and its overexpression can block the above functions of MSNP1AS. In addition, in vivo experiments show that MSN improves social interactions and reduces repetitive behaviors in BTBR mice, decreases the activity of RhoA and restores the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, the abnormal expression of MSNP1AS in ASD patients might influence the structure and survival of neuronal cells through the regulation of moesin protein expression to facilitate the development and progression of ASD. These findings provide new evidence for studying the mechanisms of lncRNAs in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disease and its neurodevelopmental mechanisms have not been elucidated. More and more studies have found that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate the development of central nervous system in many ways and affect the pathogenic process of ASD. Moesin pseudogene 1 antisense (MSNP1AS) is an up-regulated lncRNA in ASD patients. In-depth functional experiments showed that MSNP1AS inhibited moesin protein expression and regulated the activation of multiple signaling pathways, thus decreasing the number and length of neurites, inhibiting neuronal cell viability and migration, and promoting apoptosis. Therefore, MSNP1AS is an important lncRNA related to ASD and can regulate the biological function of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Nan Ou
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Fang Cao
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Peng
- Medical Administration Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Quan Tian
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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3
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Kim WY, Cai WT, Jang JK, Kim JH. Ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins are regulated by Akt-GSK3β signaling in the rat nucleus accumbens core. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:121-126. [PMID: 31908581 PMCID: PMC6940492 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins are a family of membrane-associated proteins known to play roles in cell-shape determination as well as in signaling pathways. We have previously shown that amphetamine decreases phosphorylation levels of these proteins in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), an important neuronal substrate mediating rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. In the present study, we further examined what molecular pathways may be involved in this process. By direct microinjection of LY294002, a PI3 kinase inhibitor, or of S9 peptide, a proposed GSK3β activator, into the NAcc core, we found that phosphorylation levels of ERM as well as of GSK3β in this site are simultaneously decreased. These results indicate that ERM proteins are under the regulation of Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway in the NAcc core. The present findings have a significant implication to a novel signal pathway possibly leading to structural plasticity in relation with drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wha Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Wen Ting Cai
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | | | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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4
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Zhang SS, Hu JQ, Liu XH, Chen LX, Chen H, Guo XH, Huang QB. Role of Moesin Phosphorylation in Retinal Pericyte Migration and Detachment Induced by Advanced Glycation Endproducts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:603450. [PMID: 33312163 PMCID: PMC7708375 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.603450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) involves persistent, uncontrolled formation of premature blood vessels with reduced number of pericytes. Our previous work showed that advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) induced angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, mouse retina, and aortic ring, which was associated with moesin phosphorylation. Here we investigated whether moesin phosphorylation may contribute to pericyte detachment and the development of PDR. Primary retinal microvascular pericytes (RMPs) were isolated, purified from weanling rats, and identified by cellular markers α-SMA, PDGFR-β, NG2, and desmin using immunofluorescence microscopy. Effects of AGE-BSA on proliferation and migration of RMPs were examined using CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell assays. Effects on moesin phosphorylation were examined using western blotting. The RMP response to AGE-BSA was also examined when cells expressed the non-phosphorylatable Thr558Ala mutant or phospho-mimicking Thr558Asp mutant of moesin or were treated with ROCK inhibitor Y27632. Colocalization and interaction between CD44, phospho-moesin, and F-actin were observed. Experiments with cultured primary RMPs showed that AGE-BSA inhibited the proliferation, enhanced the migration, and increased moesin phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AGE-BSA also triggered the rearrangement of F-actin and promoted the interaction of CD44 with phospho-moesin in RMPs. These effects were abrogated in cells expressing the non-phosphorylatable moesin mutant and the application of ROCK inhibitor Y27632 attenuated AGE-induced alteration in cultured RMPs by abolishing the phosphorylation of moesin. However, those AGE-induced pathological process occurred in RMPs expressed the phospho-mimicking moesin without AGE-BSA treatment. It is concluded that AGEs could activate ROCK to mediate moesin phosphorylation at Thr558, and resulting phospho-moesin interacts with CD44 to form CD44 cluster, which might stimulate the migration of RMPs and subsequent RMP detachment in microvessel. This pathway may provide new drug targets against immature neovessel formation in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qing Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Bing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Trauma Care Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Bing Huang,
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5
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Jin EJ, Ko HR, Hwang I, Kim BS, Choi JY, Park KW, Cho SW, Ahn JY. Akt regulates neurite growth by phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of radixin proteasomal degradation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2557. [PMID: 29416050 PMCID: PMC5803261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurite growth is controlled by a complex molecular signaling network that regulates filamentous actin (F-actin) dynamics at the growth cone. The evolutionarily conserved ezrin, radixin, and moesin family of proteins tether F-actin to the cell membrane when phosphorylated at a conserved threonine residue and modulate neurite outgrowth. Here we show that Akt binds to and phosphorylates a threonine 573 residue on radixin. Akt-mediated phosphorylation protects radixin from ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation, thereby enhancing radixin protein stability, which permits proper neurite outgrowth and growth cone formation. Conversely, the inhibition of Akt kinase or disruption of Akt-dependent phosphorylation reduces the binding affinity of radixin to F-actin as well as lowers radixin protein levels, resulting in decreased neurite outgrowth and growth cone formation. Our findings suggest that Akt signaling regulates neurite outgrowth by stabilizing radixin interactions with F-actin, thus facilitating local F-actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Jin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Hyo Rim Ko
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Inwoo Hwang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Byeong-Seong Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Choi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jee-Yin Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea. .,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea. .,Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
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6
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Galán A, Jmaeff S, Barcelona PF, Brahimi F, Sarunic MV, Saragovi HU. In retinitis pigmentosa TrkC.T1-dependent vectorial Erk activity upregulates glial TNF-α, causing selective neuronal death. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3222. [PMID: 29242588 PMCID: PMC5870594 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In some diseases the TrkC.T1 isoform is upregulated in glia, associated with glial TNF-α production and neuronal death. What remains unknown are the activating signals in glia, and how paracrine signals may be selective for a targeted neuron while sparing other proximate neurons. We studied these questions in the retina, where Müller glia contacts photoreceptors on one side and retinal ganglion cells on the other. In a mutant Rhodopsin mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) causing progressive photoreceptor death—but sparing retinal ganglion cells—TrkC.T1 and NT-3 ligand are upregulated in Müller glia. TrkC.T1 activity generates p-Erk, which causes increased TNF-α. These sequential events take place predominantly in Müller fibers contacting stressed photoreceptors, and culminate in selective death. Each event and photoreceptor death can be prevented by reduction of TrkC.T1 expression, by pharmacological antagonism of TrkC or by pharmacological inhibition Erk. Unmasking the sequence of non-cell autologous events and mechanisms causing selective neuronal death may help rationalize therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Galán
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sean Jmaeff
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pablo F Barcelona
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Fouad Brahimi
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Marinko V Sarunic
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - H Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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7
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Freymuth PS, Fitzsimons HL. The ERM protein Moesin is essential for neuronal morphogenesis and long-term memory in Drosophila. Mol Brain 2017; 10:41. [PMID: 28851405 PMCID: PMC5576258 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Moesin is a cytoskeletal adaptor protein that plays an important role in modification of the actin cytoskeleton. Rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton drives both neuronal morphogenesis and the structural changes in neurons that are required for long-term memory formation. Moesin has been identified as a candidate memory gene in Drosophila, however, whether it is required for memory formation has not been evaluated. Here, we investigate the role of Moesin in neuronal morphogenesis and in short- and long-term memory formation in the courtship suppression assay, a model of associative memory. We found that both knockdown and overexpression of Moesin led to defects in axon growth and guidance as well as dendritic arborization. Moreover, reduction of Moesin expression or expression of a constitutively active phosphomimetic in the adult Drosophila brain had no effect on short term memory, but prevented long-term memory formation, an effect that was independent of its role in development. These results indicate a critical role for Moesin in both neuronal morphogenesis and long-term memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Freymuth
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Helen L Fitzsimons
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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8
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Feng M, Hu X, Li N, Hu F, Chang F, Xu HF, Liu YJ. Distinctive roles of Rac1 and Rab29 in LRRK2 mediated membrane trafficking and neurite outgrowth. J Biomed Res 2017; 32:145-156. [PMID: 29336357 PMCID: PMC5895569 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20170039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutants have shown pathogenic effects on variety of subcellular processes.Two small GTPases Rac1 and Rab29 have been indicated as possible downstream effectors participating in LRRK2 signaling but their detail mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we have used biochemical and cell biology approaches to address whether two GTPases interact with LRRK2 and hence function differently in LRRK2 mediated pathogenesis.Here we show thatRac1 and Rab29 specifically interact with LRRK2with higher affinity for Rab29and with different preference in functional domain binding. Mutant Rab29 but not Rac1 alters theendosome-to-TGN retrograde trafficking of a cargo protein cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR) and its stability. On the other hand, overexpressedwild type Rab29 but not Rac1 rescue the altered retrograde membrane trafficking induced by the pathogenic mutant LRRK2G2019S. Furthermore, both Rac1 and Rab29 can rescue the neurite shortening in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells induced by LRRK2G2019S. Our study strongly suggests that Rac1 and Rab29 are involved in the distinct functions as downstream effectors in LRRK2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Department of Physiology, Analyticaland Testing Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Physiology, Analyticaland Testing Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Physiology, Analyticaland Testing Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Analyticaland Testing Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Physiology, Analyticaland Testing Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hong-Fei Xu
- Department of Physiology, Analyticaland Testing Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yong-Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology, Analyticaland Testing Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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9
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Xu Q, Liu J, Wang Z, Guo X, Zhou G, Liu Y, Huang Q, Su L. Heat stress-induced disruption of endothelial barrier function is via PAR1 signaling and suppressed by Xuebijing injection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118057. [PMID: 25693178 PMCID: PMC4334482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability leading to acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is central to the pathogenesis of heatstroke. Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), the receptor for thrombin, plays a key role in disruption of endothelial barrier function in response to extracellular stimuli. However, the role of PAR1 in heat stress-induced endothelial hyper-permeability is unknown. In this study, we measured PAR1 protein expression in heat-stressed human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs), investigated the influences of PAR1 on endothelial permeability, F-actin rearrangement, and moesin phosphorylation by inhibiting PAR1 with its siRNA, neutralizing antibody (anti-PAR1), specific inhibitor(RWJ56110), and Xuebijing injection (XBJ), a traditional Chinese medicine used for sepsis treatment, and evaluated the role of PAR1 in heatstroke-related ALI/ARDS in mice by suppressing PAR1 with RWJ56110, anti-PAR1and XBJ. We found that heat stress induced PAR1 protein expression 2h after heat stress in endothelial cells, caused the release of endothelial matrix metalloprotease 1, an activator of PAR1, after 60 or 120 min of heat stimulation, as well as promoted endothelial hyper-permeability and F-actin rearrangement, which were inhibited by suppressing PAR1 with RWJ56110, anti-PAR1 and siRNA. PAR1 mediated moesin phosphorylation, which caused F-actin rearrangement and disruption of endothelial barrier function. To corroborate findings from in vitro experiments, we found that RWJ56110 and the anti-PAR1 significantly decreased lung edema, pulmonary microvascular permeability, protein exudation, and leukocytes infiltrations in heatstroke mice. Additionally, XBJ was found to suppress PAR1-moesin signal pathway and confer protective effects on maintaining endothelial barrier function both in vitro and in vivo heat-stressed model, similar to those observed above with the inhibition of PAR1. These results suggest that PAR1 is a potential therapeutic target in heatstroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Xu
- Department of ICU, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Guangzhou, China
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Huabo Bio-pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhenglian Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengbiao Zhou
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (QH); (LS)
| | - Lei Su
- Department of ICU, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (QH); (LS)
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10
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An in vitro study of the impact of 4mT static magnetic field to modify the differentiation rate of rat bone marrow stem cells into primordial germ cells. Differentiation 2014; 87:230-7. [PMID: 25037498 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was performed to evaluate the differentiation capacity and alteration in genes expression patterns during in vitro differentiation of bone marrow stem cells into primordial germ cells using static magnetic field (4mT) and BMP-4 (25ng/ml). The rate of differentiation was investigated using the Real Time-PCR method for tracing expression of differentiation markers (Oct-4, Nanog, C-Myc, Fragilis, Mvh and Stella). Then, immunocytochemical reaction was carried out for detection of marker proteins (Oct4 and Mvh). Increasing of the exposure time of the 4mT SMF (24 and 48h) and treatment time with 25ng/ml BMP4 (48 and 96h) indicated a marked decrease in expression of pluripotency genes (Oct-4, Nanog and C-Myc) and Oct4 protein and increase in primordial germ cell-specific genes (Fragilis, Mvh and Stella) and Mvh protein compared with the control group. Final results showed that in a synergistic manner, the combination of SMF with BMP4 exaggerates the differentiation potential of BMSCs to PGCs by activating the MAPK pathway and altering the Ca(2+) concentration.
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11
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Qiu T, Yin Y, Li B, Xie L, Yan Q, Dai H, Wang X, Li S. PDLLA/PRGD/β-TCP conduits build the neurotrophin-rich microenvironment suppressing the oxidative stress and promoting the sciatic nerve regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 102:3734-43. [PMID: 24408878 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel nerve guidance conduit comprising poly{(lactic acid)-co-[(glycolic acid)-alt-(l-lysine)]} (PRGD), poly (d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was constructed to facilitate the peripheral nerve regeneration. From the comparative study, PDLLA/PRGD/β-TCP conduit achieved the best recovery in regard of the ultrastructure observation and the SFI evaluation. At the first stage of the injury (7 days), the maximum expression augments in ZnSOD (6.4 folds) and GPX4 (6.8 folds) were observed in PDLLA/PRGD/β-TCP group; while striking rise in actin (6.8 folds), tubulin (5.6 folds), and ERM components expressions were observed later (35 days). Meanwhile, compared with PDLLA and PDLLA/PRGD conduits, PDLLA/PRGD/β-TCP conduits achieved the highest local nerve growth factor (NGF) content and an accumulating BDNF content. We speculated that addition of RGD and β-TCP in the composites were the main positive factors to build the microenvironment rich in NGF and BDNF, which help to counteract with the oxidative stress and to boost the cytoskeletal protein expressions. Therefore, PDLLA/PRGD/β-TCP could be promising composites used in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qiu
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zuo H, Lin T, Wang D, Peng R, Wang S, Gao Y, Xu X, Li Y, Wang S, Zhao L, Wang L, Zhou H. Neural cell apoptosis induced by microwave exposure through mitochondria-dependent caspase-3 pathway. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:426-35. [PMID: 24688304 PMCID: PMC3970093 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether microwave (MW) radiation induces neural cell apoptosis, differentiated PC12 cells and Wistar rats were exposed to 2.856 GHz for 5 min and 15 min, respectively, at an average power density of 30 mW/cm². JC-1 and TUNEL staining detected significant apoptotic events, such as the loss of mitochondria membrane potential and DNA fragmentation, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy and Hoechst staining were used to observe chromatin ultrastructure and apoptotic body formation. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to quantify the level of apoptosis. The expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3 and PARP were examined by immunoblotting or immunocytochemistry. Caspase-3 activity was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation in neural cells 6h after microwave exposure. Moreover, the mitochondria membrane potential decreased, DNA fragmentation increased, leading to an increase in the apoptotic cell percentage. Furthermore, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, expression of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3 and PARP all increased. In conclusion, microwave radiation induced neural cell apoptosis via the classical mitochondria-dependent caspase-3 pathway. This study may provide the experimental basis for further investigation of the mechanism of the neurological effects induced by microwave radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zuo
- 1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tao Lin
- 1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China; ; 2. High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Material Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, 350, Shushanhu Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Dewen Wang
- 1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- 1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shuiming Wang
- 1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yabing Gao
- 1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- 1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Li
- 1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shaoxia Wang
- 1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Li Zhao
- 1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- 1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- 3. Department of Radiation Protection and Health Physics, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
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Hur J, Jeong H, Park J, Jeon S. Chloride channel 4 is required for nerve growth factor-induced TrkA signaling and neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and cortical neurons. Neuroscience 2013; 253:389-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Kim WY, Jang JK, Shin JK, Kim JH. Amphetamine dephosphorylates ERM proteins in the nucleus accumbens core and lithium attenuates its effects. Neurosci Lett 2013; 552:103-7. [PMID: 23932889 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins have been implicated not only in cell-shape determination but also in cellular signaling pathway. We have previously shown that cocaine decreases phosphorylation levels of these proteins in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), an important brain area mediating addictive behaviors. Here we further revealed that the phosphorylation levels of ERM were decreased in the NAcc core, but not in the shell, by a single injection of amphetamine (AMPH) (2 mg/kg, i.p.). When lithium (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was co-administered with AMPH, the decreases of phosphorylation levels for ERM by AMPH were recovered back to basal levels in the NAcc core. Together, these results suggest that psychomotor stimulants like AMPH regulate phosphorylation levels of ERM in the NAcc core and lithium-involved signaling pathway has a regulatory role in the opposite direction in this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wha Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Ibrahim IAH, Nakaya M, Kurose H. Ezrin, Radixin, and Moesin Phosphorylation in NIH3T3 Cells Revealed Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Cell-Type–Dependent Biased Signaling. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 122:1-9. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12288fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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16
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Darmellah A, Rayah A, Auger R, Cuif MH, Prigent M, Arpin M, Alcover A, Delarasse C, Kanellopoulos JM. Ezrin/radixin/moesin are required for the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R)-dependent processing of the amyloid precursor protein. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:34583-95. [PMID: 22891241 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) can be cleaved by α-secretases in neural cells to produce the soluble APP ectodomain (sAPPα), which is neuroprotective. We have shown previously that activation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) triggers sAPPα shedding from neural cells. Here, we demonstrate that the activation of ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) proteins is required for the P2X7R-dependent proteolytic processing of APP leading to sAPPα release. Indeed, the down-regulation of ERM by siRNA blocked the P2X7R-dependent shedding of sAPPα. We also show that P2X7R stimulation triggered the phosphorylation of ERM. Thus, ezrin translocates to the plasma membrane to interact with P2X7R. Using specific pharmacological inhibitors, we established the order in which several enzymes trigger the P2X7R-dependent release of sAPPα. Thus, a Rho kinase and the MAPK modules ERK1/2 and JNK act upstream of ERM, whereas a PI3K activity is triggered downstream. For the first time, this work identifies ERM as major partners in the regulated non-amyloidogenic processing of APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaria Darmellah
- Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 8619, France
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Activation of ezrin/radixin/moesin mediates attractive growth cone guidance through regulation of growth cone actin and adhesion receptors. J Neurosci 2012; 32:282-96. [PMID: 22219290 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4794-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a functioning neural network relies on responses of axonal growth cones to molecular guidance cues that are encountered en route to their target tissue. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 serve as attractive cues for chick embryo sensory growth cones in vitro and in vivo, but little is known about the actin-binding proteins necessary to mediate this response. The evolutionarily conserved ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of proteins can tether actin filaments to the cell membrane when phosphorylated at a conserved threonine residue. Here we show that acute neurotrophin stimulation rapidly increases active phospho-ERM levels in chick sensory neuron growth cone filopodia, coincident with an increase in filopodial L1 and β-integrin. Disrupting ERM function with a dominant-negative construct (DN-ERM) results in smaller and less motile growth cones with disorganized actin filaments. Previously, we found that NGF treatment increases actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin activity and growth cone F-actin (Marsick et al., 2010). Here, we show this F-actin increase, as well as attractive turning to NGF, is blocked when ERM function is disrupted despite normal activation of ADF/cofilin. We further show that DN-ERM expression disrupts leading edge localization of active ADF/cofilin and free F-actin barbed ends. Moreover, filopodial phospho-ERM levels are increased by incorporation of active ADF/cofilin and reduced by knockdown of L1CAM.Together, these data suggest that ERM proteins organize actin filaments in sensory neuron growth cones and are crucial for neurotrophin-induced remodeling of F-actin and redistribution of adhesion receptors.
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Nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor but not granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, nimodipine and dizocilpine, require ATP for neuroprotective activity after oxygen-glucose deprivation of primary neurons. Brain Res 2012; 1448:20-6. [PMID: 22386494 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In previous work, we have demonstrated by radiolabeling, mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis that nerve growth factor (NGF) as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) are capable of ATP-binding and that this binding appears to be essential for their neuroprotective activity. In this study, we attempted to shed some light on the question whether ATP is a general prerequisite for neuroprotection. Therefore, we used the non-ATP-binding granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), the calcium antagonist nimodipine and the NMDA antagonist dizocilpine to find out whether they need ATP for neuroprotection comparable to NGF and BDNF. However, ATP was not necessary for the neuroprotective effects of GCSF, nimodipine and dizocilpine on primary cultures of rat cortical neurons damaged by oxygen-glucose deprivation whereas neuroprotection was demonstrable for NGF and BDNF only when ATP was present in the culture medium at a concentration higher than ca. 0.4nmol/l. In circular dichroism studies ATP caused changes of the secondary structure of NGF but not of GCSF. Taken together, we suggest that ATP is not a general prerequisite for neuroprotectivity but some growth factors like NGF and BDNF can stimulate their receptors only if they have bound ATP.
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Curtis KM, Gomez LA, Schiller PC. Rac1b regulates NT3-stimulated Mek-Erk signaling, directing marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible (MIAMI) cells toward an early neuronal phenotype. Mol Cell Neurosci 2012; 49:138-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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20
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Ferenz KB, Rose K, König S, Krieglstein J. ATP-NGF-complex, but not NGF, is the neuroprotective ligand. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:989-95. [PMID: 21930174 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that nerve growth factor (NGF) requires only low nanomolar ATP concentrations in the cell culture medium to protect cortical rat neurons (CRN) from cellular damage induced by staurosporine (STS). We have also demonstrated before that NGF and other growth factors form stable non-covalent complexes with ATP. Here we demonstrated that 8N(1)ATP-NGF, but not NGF, protected CRN against damage. The photo-reactive ATP derivative 8N(3)ATP was incubated with NGF and was trapped in its position by UV irradiation forming a covalent bond. The cross-link with a molar ratio of 1:1 (8N(1)ATP:NGF) was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Circular dichroism experiments revealed that 8N(1)ATP altered the secondary structure of NGF in the same way as ATP did. Covalently bound 8N(1)ATP-NGF was shown to be stable in the presence of the ATP-hydrolyzing enzyme alkaline phosphatase while the non-covalent ATP-NGF-complex dissociated with the removal of free ATP from the solution. 8N(1)ATP-NGF protected CRN against damage by STS independently of free ATP in the culture medium. These results suggest that the ATP-NGF-complex, but not NGF, is the active ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Bettina Ferenz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie, Germany
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21
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Jeong HJ, Kim JH, Jeon S. Amphetamine-induced ERM Proteins Phosphorylation Is through PKCβ Activation in PC12 Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:245-9. [PMID: 21994482 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.4.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Amphetamine, a synthetic psychostimulant, is transported by the dopamine transporter (DAT) to the cytosol and increases the exchange of extracellular amphetamine by intracellular dopamine. Recently, we reported that the phosphorylation levels of ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins are regulated by psychostimulant drugs in the nucleus accumbens, a brain area important for drug addiction. However, the significance of ERM proteins phosphorylation in response to drugs of abuse has not been fully investigated. In this study, using PC12 cells as an in vitro cell model, we showed that amphetamine increases ERM proteins phosphorylation and protein kinase C (PKC) β inhibitor, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) inhibitors, abolished this effect. Further, we observed that DAT inhibitor suppressed amphetamine-induced ERM proteins phosphorylation in PC12 cells. These results suggest that PKCβ-induced DAT regulation may be involved in amphetmaine-induced ERM proteins phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Jin Jeong
- Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Seoul 100-715, Korea
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22
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Antoine-Bertrand J, Ghogha A, Luangrath V, Bedford FK, Lamarche-Vane N. The activation of ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins is regulated by netrin-1 through Src kinase and RhoA/Rho kinase activities and mediates netrin-1-induced axon outgrowth. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:3734-46. [PMID: 21849478 PMCID: PMC3183026 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-11-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) mediates the attractive response of axons to the guidance cue netrin-1 during development. On netrin-1 stimulation, DCC is phosphorylated and induces the assembly of signaling complexes within the growth cone, leading to activation of cytoskeleton regulators, namely the GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. The molecular mechanisms that link netrin-1/DCC to the actin machinery remain unclear. In this study we seek to demonstrate that the actin-binding proteins ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) are effectors of netrin-1/DCC signaling in embryonic cortical neurons. We show that ezrin associates with DCC in a netrin-1-dependent manner. We demonstrate that netrin-1/DCC induces ERM phosphorylation and activation and that the phosphorylation of DCC is required in that context. Moreover, Src kinases and RhoA/Rho kinase activities mediate netrin-1-induced ERM phosphorylation in neurons. We also observed that phosphorylated ERM proteins accumulate in growth cone filopodia, where they colocalize with DCC upon netrin-1 stimulation. Finally, we show that loss of ezrin expression in cortical neurons significantly decreases axon outgrowth induced by netrin-1. Together, our findings demonstrate that netrin-1 induces the formation of an activated ERM/DCC complex in growth cone filopodia, which is required for netrin-1-dependent cortical axon outgrowth.
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Wang Y, Yang F, Fu Y, Huang X, Wang W, Jiang X, Gritsenko MA, Zhao R, Monore ME, Pertz OC, Purvine SO, Orton DJ, Jacobs JM, Camp DG, Smith RD, Klemke RL. Spatial phosphoprotein profiling reveals a compartmentalized extracellular signal-regulated kinase switch governing neurite growth and retraction. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:18190-201. [PMID: 21454597 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.236133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain development and spinal cord regeneration require neurite sprouting and growth cone navigation in response to extension and collapsing factors present in the extracellular environment. These external guidance cues control neurite growth cone extension and retraction processes through intracellular protein phosphorylation of numerous cytoskeletal, adhesion, and polarity complex signaling proteins. However, the complex kinase/substrate signaling networks that mediate neuritogenesis have not been investigated. Here, we compare the neurite phosphoproteome under growth and retraction conditions using neurite purification methodology combined with mass spectrometry. More than 4000 non-redundant phosphorylation sites from 1883 proteins have been annotated and mapped to signaling pathways that control kinase/phosphatase networks, cytoskeleton remodeling, and axon/dendrite specification. Comprehensive informatics and functional studies revealed a compartmentalized ERK activation/deactivation cytoskeletal switch that governs neurite growth and retraction, respectively. Our findings provide the first system-wide analysis of the phosphoprotein signaling networks that enable neurite growth and retraction and reveal an important molecular switch that governs neuritogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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24
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Advanced glycation end products induce moesin phosphorylation in murine brain endothelium. Brain Res 2011; 1373:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Jang ER, Lee CS. 7-ketocholesterol induces apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells via reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of NF-κB and Akt pathways. Neurochem Int 2010; 58:52-9. [PMID: 21035514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol oxidation products formed under the enhanced oxidative stress in the brain are suggested to induce neuronal cell death. However, it is still unknown whether oxysterol-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells is mediated by Akt and NF-κB pathways. We assessed the apoptotic effect of 7-ketocholesterol against differentiated PC12 cells in relation to activation of the reactive oxygen species-dependent nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which is mediated by the Akt pathway. 7-Ketocholesterol induced a decrease in cytosolic Bid and Bcl-2 levels, increase in cytosolic Bax levels, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation and upregulation of p53. 7-Ketocholesterol induced an increase in phosphorylated inhibitory κB-α, NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p50 levels, binding of NF-κB p65 to DNA, and activation of Akt. Treatment with Bay 11-7085 (an inhibitor of NF-κB activation) and oxidant scavengers, including N-acetylcysteine, prevented the 7-ketocholesterol-induced formation of reactive oxygen species, activation of NF-κB, Akt and apoptosis-related proteins, and cell death. Results from this study suggest that 7-ketocholesterol may exert an apoptotic effect against PC12 cells by inducing activation of the caspase-8-dependent pathway as well as activation of the mitochondria-mediated cell death pathway, leading to activation of caspases, via the reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of NF-κB, which is mediated by the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ra Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Fazeli G, Oli RG, Schupp N, Stopper H. The role of the dopamine transporter in dopamine-induced DNA damage. Brain Pathol 2010; 21:237-48. [PMID: 20875051 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2010.00440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine causes DNA damage, oxidative stress and is involved in the pathology of neurological diseases. To elucidate this potential link we investigated the mechanism of dopamine-induced DNA damage. We studied the role of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in MDCK and MDCK-DAT cells, containing the human DAT gene. After treatment with dopamine, only MDCK-DAT cells showed elevated chromosomal damage and dopamine uptake. Although stimulation of dopamine type 2 receptor (D(2)R) with quinpirole in the absence of dopamine did not induce genotoxicity in rat neuronal PC12 cells, interference with D(2)R signaling by inhibition of G-proteins, phosphoinositide 3 kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinases reduced dopamine-induced genotoxicity and affected the ability of DAT to take up dopamine. Furthermore, the D(2)R antagonist sulpiride inhibited the dopamine-induced migration of DAT from cytosol to cell membrane. To determine whether oxidation of dopamine by monoamine oxidase (MAO) is relevant in its genotoxicity, we inhibited MAO, which reduced the formation of micronuclei and of the oxidative DNA adduct 8-oxodG. Overall, dopamine exerted its genotoxicity in vitro upon transport into the cells and oxidation by MAO. D(2)R signaling was involved in the genotoxicity of dopamine by affecting activation and cell surface expression of DAT and hence modulating dopamine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Fazeli
- Department of Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacherstr. 9, Wuerzburg, Germany
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