1
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Batran RZ, Sabt A, Dziadek J, Kassem AF. Design, synthesis and computational studies of new azaheterocyclic coumarin derivatives as anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis agents targeting enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA). RSC Adv 2024; 14:21763-21777. [PMID: 38984262 PMCID: PMC11232110 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of coumarin derivatives as antitubercular agents targeting the enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) enzyme. Among the synthesized compounds, the tetrazole derivative 4c showed the most potent antitubercular effect with a minimum inhibitory concentration value (MIC) of 15 μg mL-1 against Mtb H37Rv and could also inhibit the growth of the mutant strain (ΔkatG). Compound 4c was able to penetrate Mtb-infected human macrophages and suppress the intracellular growth of tubercle bacilli. Moreover, the target derivative 4c showed a potent inhibitory effect against InhA enzyme with an IC50 value of 0.565 μM, which was superior to the reference InhA inhibitor triclosan. Molecular docking of compound 4c within the InhA active site revealed the importance of the 4-phenylcoumarin ring system and tetrazole moiety for activity. Finally, the physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters of 4c were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Z Batran
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences Lodz Poland
| | - Asmaa F Kassem
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
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2
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O N, Bodke YD, B T, Venkatesh T, B M. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of heterocyclic compounds containing 4-methylumbelliferone. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Gontijo VS, Viegas FPD, Ortiz CJC, de Freitas Silva M, Damasio CM, Rosa MC, Campos TG, Couto DS, Tranches Dias KS, Viegas C. Molecular Hybridization as a Tool in the Design of Multi-target Directed Drug Candidates for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:348-407. [PMID: 31631821 PMCID: PMC7457438 DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191021124443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDs) are progressive multifactorial neurological pathologies related to neuronal impairment and functional loss from different brain regions. Currently, no effective treatments are available for any NDs, and this lack of efficacy has been attributed to the multitude of interconnected factors involved in their pathophysiology. In the last two decades, a new approach for the rational design of new drug candidates, also called multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy, has emerged and has been used in the design and for the development of a variety of hybrid compounds capable to act simultaneously in diverse biological targets. Based on the polypharmacology concept, this new paradigm has been thought as a more secure and effective way for modulating concomitantly two or more biochemical pathways responsible for the onset and progress of NDs, trying to overcome low therapeutical effectiveness. As a complement to our previous review article (Curr. Med. Chem. 2007, 14 (17), 1829-1852. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986707781058805), herein we aimed to cover the period from 2008 to 2019 and highlight the most recent advances of the exploitation of Molecular Hybridization (MH) as a tool in the rational design of innovative multifunctional drug candidate prototypes for the treatment of NDs, specially focused on AD, PD, HD and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva Gontijo
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Flávia P Dias Viegas
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Cindy Juliet Cristancho Ortiz
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Freitas Silva
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Caio Miranda Damasio
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Mayara Chagas Rosa
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Thâmara Gaspar Campos
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Dyecika Souza Couto
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio Viegas
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
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4
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Selvaraj J, Prabha T, Yadav N. Identification of Drug Candidates for Breast Cancer Therapy Through Scaffold Repurposing: A Brief Review. Curr Drug Res Rev 2020; 13:3-15. [PMID: 32838729 DOI: 10.2174/2589977512666200824103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional drug discovery is a time consuming and expensive expedition with less clinical preference achievement proportion intended for breast cancer therapy. Even if numerous novel approaches to the conformation of drugs have been introduced for breast cancer therapy, they are yet to be implemented in clinical practice. This tempting strategy facilitates a remarkable chance to take the entire benefit of existing drugs. Despite drug repurposing significantly decrease the investigational period and cost, it has got many objections and issues. Scaffold repurposing is an approach that procures a novel significance on the decrepit motto of "to commencement with a pristine drug" . Hence, we move into a probable and nearer approach, the exploitation of scaffolds, which was originally developed for other purposes, including anti-tumor activity. In this review, we summarize different drugs and scaffolds used in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubie Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Thangavelu Prabha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Koorapalayam Pirivu, Pitchandam Palayam Post, Erode-638052, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Neetu Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
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5
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Macklin LJ, Schwans JP. Synthesis, biochemical evaluation, and molecular modeling of organophosphate-coumarin hybrids as potent and selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127213. [PMID: 32381396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A small library of new organophosphorylated warfarins and 3-benzylcoumarins were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cholinesterase inhibition by Ellman's method. Most of the compounds were found to be selective for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) over acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with IC50 values ranging from 0.363 μM to 53.0 μM determined after 15 s of enzyme exposure. Comparison of the most potent compound, 3b with its constitutional isomer 2b revealed the high importance of phosphate positioning. Reversed selectivity and a 100-fold reduction in anti-BChE activity was observed when the organophosphate was attached to the benzyl instead of the coumarin. Docking calculations suggest that 3b binds initially as a transition state mimic with near-optimal phosphate orientation relative to S198 and occupation of the oxyanion hole prior to phosphorylation. These results might inspire the design of a new type of non-neuropathic and irreversible coumarin-based inhibitor against BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Macklin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA 90840-9507, USA
| | - Jason P Schwans
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA 90840-9507, USA.
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6
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Obaiah N, Bodke YD, Telkar S. Synthesis of 3‐[(1H‐Benzimidazol‐2‐ylsulfanyl)(aryl)methyl]‐4‐hydroxycoumarin Derivatives as Potent Bioactive Molecules. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Obaiah
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Jnana sahyadriKuvempu University, Shankaraghatta- 577451 Karnataka India
| | - Yadav D. Bodke
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry, Jnana sahyadriKuvempu University, Shankaraghatta- 577451 Karnataka India
| | - Sandeep Telkar
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jnana sahyadriKuvempu University, Shankaraghatta- 577 451 Karnataka India
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7
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Design, synthesis and molecular modeling of new 4-phenylcoumarin derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors targeting MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3474-3490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Batran RZ, Dawood DH, El-Seginy SA, Maher TJ, Gugnani KS, Rondon-Ortiz AN. Coumarinyl pyranopyrimidines as new neuropeptide S receptor antagonists; design, synthesis, homology and molecular docking. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:274-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Batran RZ, Dawood DH, El-Seginy SA, Ali MM, Maher TJ, Gugnani KS, Rondon-Ortiz AN. New Coumarin Derivatives as Anti-Breast and Anti-Cervical Cancer Agents Targeting VEGFR-2 and p38α MAPK. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Z. Batran
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds; Division of Pharmaceutical Industries Research; National Research Center; Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Dina H. Dawood
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products; Division of Pharmaceutical Industries Research; National Research Center Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Samia A. El-Seginy
- Department of Green Chemistry; Division of Chemical Industries Research; National Research Center; Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry; Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research; National Research Center; Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Timothy J. Maher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Boston MA USA
| | - Kuljeet S. Gugnani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Boston MA USA
| | - Alejandro N. Rondon-Ortiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Boston MA USA
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10
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Dar AA, Hussain S, Dutta D, Iyer PK, Khan AT. One-pot synthesis of functionalized 4-hydroxy-3-thiomethylcoumarins: detection and discrimination of Co2+ and Ni2+ ions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09152g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of 4-hydroxy-3-thiomethylcoumarin derivatives were synthesized via a one-pot three-component reaction catalysed by l-proline at room temperature. One of the derivative was used as fluorescence probe to monitor and distinguish Co2+ and Ni2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A. Dar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039
- India
| | - Sameer Hussain
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039
- India
| | - Debasish Dutta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039
- India
| | - Parameswar K. Iyer
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039
- India
| | - Abu T. Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039
- India
- Aliah University
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11
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Sashidhara KV, Modukuri RK, Jadiya P, Rao KB, Sharma T, Haque R, Singh DK, Banerjee D, Siddiqi MI, Nazir A. Discovery of 3-Arylcoumarin-tetracyclic Tacrine Hybrids as Multifunctional Agents against Parkinson's Disease. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1099-103. [PMID: 25313319 DOI: 10.1021/ml500222g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of multifunctional directed 3-arylcoumarin-tetracyclic tacrine derivatives was designed and synthesized for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). A number of derivatives (18, 19, 20, 21, and 24) demonstrated significant reduction of aggregation of "human" alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) protein, expressing on transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model NL5901. Moreover, compounds 16, 18, and 24 also exhibited good antioxidant properties and significantly increased the dopamine (DA) content in N2 and NL5901 strains of C. elegans. Interestingly, the protective efficacy of these hybrids seems to be mediated via activation of longevity promoting transcription factor DAF-16. In addition, molecular modeling studies have evidenced the exquisite interaction of most active compounds 18 and 24 with α-synuclein protein. Taken together, the data indicate that the derivatives may be useful leads against aging and age associated PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koneni V. Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, ‡Laboratory of Functional Genomics
and Molecular Toxicology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, (CSIR-CDRI), BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ram K. Modukuri
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, ‡Laboratory of Functional Genomics
and Molecular Toxicology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, (CSIR-CDRI), BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, ‡Laboratory of Functional Genomics
and Molecular Toxicology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, (CSIR-CDRI), BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - K. Bhaskara Rao
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, ‡Laboratory of Functional Genomics
and Molecular Toxicology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, (CSIR-CDRI), BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Tanuj Sharma
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, ‡Laboratory of Functional Genomics
and Molecular Toxicology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, (CSIR-CDRI), BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, ‡Laboratory of Functional Genomics
and Molecular Toxicology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, (CSIR-CDRI), BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Deependra Kumar Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, ‡Laboratory of Functional Genomics
and Molecular Toxicology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, (CSIR-CDRI), BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Dibyendu Banerjee
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, ‡Laboratory of Functional Genomics
and Molecular Toxicology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, (CSIR-CDRI), BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, ‡Laboratory of Functional Genomics
and Molecular Toxicology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, (CSIR-CDRI), BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, ‡Laboratory of Functional Genomics
and Molecular Toxicology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, (CSIR-CDRI), BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
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12
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Frégeau MO, Carrier M, Guillemette G. Mechanism of dopamine D2 receptor-induced Ca(2+) release in PC-12 cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2871-7. [PMID: 24055909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) levels are tightly regulated in the neuronal system. The loss of Ca(2+) homeostasis is associated with many neurological diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and schizophrenia. We investigated the mechanisms involved in intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in PC-12 cells. The stimulation of NGF-differentiated PC-12 cells with 3μM ATP caused an early Ca(2+) release followed by a delayed Ca(2+) release. The delayed Ca(2+) release was dependent on prior ATP priming and on dopamine secretion by PC-12 cells. Delayed Ca(2+) release was abolished in the presence of spiperone, suggesting that it is due to the activation of D2 dopamine receptors (D2R) by dopamine secreted by PC-12 cells. This was shown to be independent of PKA activation but dependent on PLC activity. An endocytosis step was required for inducing the delayed Ca(2+) release. Given the importance of calcyon in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, we verified the role of this protein in the delayed Ca(2+) release phenomenon. siRNA targeting of calcyon blocked the delayed Ca(2+) release, decreased ATP-evoked IP3R-mediated Ca(2+) release, and impaired subsequent Ca(2+) oscillations. Our results suggested that calcyon is involved in an unknown mechanism that causes a delayed IP3R-mediated Ca(2+) release in PC-12 cells. In schizophrenia, Ca(2+) dysregulation may depend on the upregulation of calcyon, which maintains elevated Ca(2+) levels as well as dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Olivier Frégeau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4 Canada
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13
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Abdelhafez OM, Amin KM, Ali HI, Abdalla MM, Batran RZ. Synthesis of New 7-Oxycoumarin Derivatives As Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10424-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301014y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omaima M. Abdelhafez
- Chemistry of Natural Products
Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Kamelia M. Amin
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hamed I. Ali
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
| | | | - Rasha Z. Batran
- Chemistry of Natural Products
Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
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