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Yuan Y, Arige V, Saito R, Mu Q, Brailoiu GC, Pereira GJS, Bolsover SR, Keller M, Bracher F, Grimm C, Brailoiu E, Marchant JS, Yule DI, Patel S. Two-pore channel-2 and inositol trisphosphate receptors coordinate Ca 2+ signals between lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113628. [PMID: 38160394 PMCID: PMC10931537 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are Ca2+ stores mobilized by the second messengers NAADP and IP3, respectively. Here, we establish Ca2+ signals between the two sources as fundamental building blocks that couple local release to global changes in Ca2+. Cell-wide Ca2+ signals evoked by activation of endogenous NAADP-sensitive channels on lysosomes comprise both local and global components and exhibit a major dependence on ER Ca2+ despite their lysosomal origin. Knockout of ER IP3 receptor channels delays these signals, whereas expression of lysosomal TPC2 channels accelerates them. High-resolution Ca2+ imaging reveals elementary events upon TPC2 opening and signals coupled to IP3 receptors. Biasing TPC2 activation to a Ca2+-permeable state sensitizes local Ca2+ signals to IP3. This increases the potency of a physiological agonist to evoke global Ca2+ signals and activate a downstream target. Our data provide a conceptual framework to understand how Ca2+ release from physically separated stores is coordinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Vikas Arige
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ryo Saito
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK; Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Qianru Mu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Gabriela C Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Gustavo J S Pereira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Stephen R Bolsover
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Marco Keller
- Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich, Germany; Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research IIP, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- Department of Neural Sciences and Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK.
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Horvath JD, Casas M, Kutchukian C, Sánchez SC, Pergande MR, Cologna SM, Simó S, Dixon RE, Dickson EJ. α-Synuclein-dependent increases in PIP5K1γ drive inositol signaling to promote neurotoxicity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113244. [PMID: 37838947 PMCID: PMC11010634 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anomalous aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) is a pathological hallmark of many degenerative synucleinopathies including Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite its strong link to disease, the precise molecular mechanisms that link α-Syn aggregation to neurodegeneration have yet to be elucidated. Here, we find that elevated α-Syn leads to an increase in the plasma membrane (PM) phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P2, which precipitates α-Syn aggregation and drives toxic increases in mitochondrial Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species leading to neuronal death. Upstream of this toxic signaling pathway is PIP5K1γ, whose abundance and localization is enhanced at the PM by α-Syn-dependent increases in ARF6. Selective inhibition of PIP5K1γ or knockout of ARF6 in neurons rescues α-Syn aggregation and cellular phenotypes of toxicity. Collectively, our data suggest that modulation of phosphoinositide metabolism may be a therapeutic target to slow neurodegeneration for PD and other related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Horvath
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maria Casas
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Candice Kutchukian
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sara Creus Sánchez
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Barodia SK, Sophronea T, Luthra PM. A 2A R mediated modulation in IP 3 levels altering the [Ca 2+] i through cAMP-dependent PKA signalling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130242. [PMID: 36084905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of A2A receptors (A2A R) coupled to Gs/olf protein activates Adenylyl cyclase (AC) leading to the release of cAMP which activates the cAMP-dependent PKA phosphorylation. The possible role of A2A R in the modulation of free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) involving IP3, cAMP and PKA was investigated in HEK 293-A2A R. The levels of IP3 and cAMP were observed by enzyme immunoassay detection method and [Ca2+]i using Fluo-4 AM. Moreover, cAMP-dependent PKA was determined using the PKA Colorimetric Activity Kit. We observed that the cells pre-treated with A2A R agonist NECA showed increased levels of cAMP, PKA, IP3 and [Ca2+]i levels. However, the reverse effect was observed with A2A R antagonists (ZM241385 and caffeine). Blocking the Gαq/PLC/DAG/IP3 pathway with neomycin, a PLC inhibitor did not affect the modulation of IP3 and [Ca2+]i levels in HEK 293-A2A R cells. To investigate the Gαi/AC/cAMP/PKA, HEK 293-A2A R cells pre-treated with pertussis toxin followed by forskolin in the presence of A2A R agonist (NECA) showed no effect on cAMP levels. Further, Gαs/AC/cAMP/PKA pathway was investigated to elucidate the role of cAMP-dependent PKA in IP3 mediated [Ca2+]i modulation. In the HEK 293-A2A R cells pre-treated with PKA inhibitor KT5720 and treated with NECA led to inhibit the IP3 and [Ca2+]i levels. The study distinctly demonstrated that A2A R modulates IP3 levels to release the [Ca2+]i via cAMP-dependent PKA. The role of A2A R mediated Gαs pathway inducing IP3 mediated [Ca2+]i release may open new avenues in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Barodia
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, North Campus, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Tuithung Sophronea
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, North Campus, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Pratibha Mehta Luthra
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, North Campus, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Cloete I, Corrêa-Velloso JC, Bartlett PJ, Kirk V, Thomas AP, Sneyd J. A Tale of two receptors. J Theor Biol 2021; 518:110629. [PMID: 33607144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) oscillations in hepatocytes have a wide dynamic range. In particular, recent experimental evidence shows that agonist stimulation of the P2Y family of receptors leads to qualitatively diverse Ca2+ oscillations. We present a new model of Ca2+ oscillations in hepatocytes based on these experiments to investigate the mechanisms controlling P2Y-activated Ca2+ oscillations. The model accounts for Ca2+ regulation of the IP3 receptor (IP3R), the positive feedback from Ca2+ on phospholipase C (PLC) and the P2Y receptor phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC). Furthermore, PKC is shown to control multiple cellular substrates. Utilising the model, we suggest the activity and intensity of PLC and PKC necessary to explain the qualitatively diverse Ca2+ oscillations in response to P2Y receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ielyaas Cloete
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Juliana C Corrêa-Velloso
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Paula J Bartlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Vivien Kirk
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - James Sneyd
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Alzugaray ME, Gavazzi MV, Ronderos JR. G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction and Ca 2+ signaling pathways of the allatotropin/orexin system in Hydra. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 300:113637. [PMID: 33017583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Allatotropin is a pleiotropic peptide originally characterized in insects. The existence of AT neuropeptide signaling was proposed in other invertebrates. In fact, we previously proposed the presence of an AT-like system regulating feeding behavior in Hydra sp. Even in insects, the information about the AT signaling pathway is incomplete. The aim of this study is to analyze the signaling cascade activated by AT in Hydra plagiodesmica using a pharmacological approach. The results show the involvement of Ca2+ and IP3 signaling in the transduction pathway of the peptide. Furthermore, we confirm the existence of a GPCR system involved in this pathway, that would be coupled to a Gq subfamily of Gα protein, which activates a PLC, inducing an increase in IP3 and cytosolic Ca2+. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first in vivo approach to study the overall signaling pathway and intracellular events involved in the myoregulatory effect of AT in Hydra sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Alzugaray
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Animal. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Victoria Gavazzi
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Animal. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Jorge Rafael Ronderos
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Animal. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), Argentina.
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Abstract
The endothelium is an important regulator of arterial vascular tone, acting to release nitric oxide (NO) and open Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels to relax vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). While agonists acting at endothelial cell (EC) receptors are widely used to assess the ability of the endothelium to reduce vascular tone, the intrinsic EC-dependent mechanisms are less well characterized. In small resistance arteries and arterioles, the presence of heterocellular gap junctions termed myoendothelial gap junctions (MEGJs) allows the passage of not only current, but small molecules including Ca2+ and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). When stimulated to contract, the increase in VSM Ca2+ and IP3 can therefore potentially pass through MEGJs to activate adjacent ECs. This activation releases NO and opens KCa channels, which act to limit contraction. This myoendothelial feedback (MEF) is amplified by EC Ca2+ influx and release pathways, and is dynamically modulated by processes regulating gap junction conductance. There is a remarkable localization of key signaling and regulatory proteins within the EC projection toward VSM, and the intrinsic EC-dependent signaling pathways occurring with this highly specialized microdomain are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish A L Lemmey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kim A Dora
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Tovar-Díaz J, Pomrenze MB, Kan R, Pahlavan B, Morikawa H. Cooperative CRF and α1 Adrenergic Signaling in the VTA Promotes NMDA Plasticity and Drives Social Stress Enhancement of Cocaine Conditioning. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29514102 PMCID: PMC5877815 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful events rapidly trigger activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, driving the formation of aversive memories. However, it remains unclear how stressful experience affects plasticity mechanisms to regulate appetitive learning, such as intake of addictive drugs. Using rats, we show that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and α1 adrenergic receptor (α1AR) signaling enhance the plasticity of NMDA-receptor-mediated glutamatergic transmission in ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons through distinct effects on inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-dependent Ca2+ signaling. We find that CRF amplifies IP3-Ca2+ signaling induced by stimulation of α1ARs, revealing a cooperative mechanism that promotes glutamatergic plasticity. In line with this, acute social defeat stress engages similar cooperative CRF and α1AR signaling in the VTA to enhance learning of cocaine-paired cues. These data provide evidence that CRF and α1ARs act in concert to regulate IP3-Ca2+ signaling in the VTA and promote learning of drug-associated cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Tovar-Díaz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Matthew B Pomrenze
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Russell Kan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Bahram Pahlavan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hitoshi Morikawa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Joseph SK, Booth DM, Young MP, Hajnóczky G. Redox regulation of ER and mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling in cell survival and death. Cell Calcium 2019; 79:89-97. [PMID: 30889512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Physiological signaling by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their pathophysiological role in cell death are well recognized. This review focuses on two ROS targets that are key to local Ca2+ signaling at the ER/mitochondrial interface - notably, inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). Both transport systems are central to molecular mechanisms in cell survival and death. Methods for the measurement of the redox state of these proteins and for the detection of ROS nanodomains are described. Recent results on the redox regulation of these proteins are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Joseph
- MitoCare, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - David M Booth
- MitoCare, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Michael P Young
- MitoCare, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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Usui M, Kaneko K, Oi Y, Kobayashi M. Orexin facilitates GABAergic IPSCs via postsynaptic OX 1 receptors coupling to the intracellular PKC signalling cascade in the rat cerebral cortex. Neuropharmacology 2019; 149:97-112. [PMID: 30763655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Orexin has multiple physiological functions including wakefulness, appetite, nicotine intake, and nociception. The cerebral cortex receives abundant orexinergic projections and expresses both orexinergic receptor 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R). However, little is known about orexinergic regulation of GABA-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission. In the cerebral cortex, there are multiple GABAergic neural subtypes, each of which has its own morphological and physiological characteristics. Therefore, identification of presynaptic GABAergic neural subtypes is critical to understand orexinergic effects on GABAergic connections. We focused on inhibitory synapses at pyramidal neurons (PNs) from fast-spiking GABAergic neurons (FSNs) in the insular cortex by a paired whole-cell patch-clamp technique, and elucidated the mechanisms of orexin-induced IPSC regulation. We found that both orexin A and orexin B enhanced unitary IPSC (uIPSC) amplitude in FSN→PN connections without changing the paired-pulse ratio or failure rate. These effects were blocked by SB-334867, an OX1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist, but not by TCS-OX2-29, an OX2R antagonist. [Ala11, D-Leu15]-orexin B, a selective OX2R agonist, had little effect on uIPSCs. Variance-mean analysis demonstrated an increase in quantal content without a change in release probability or the number of readily releasable pools. Laser photolysis of caged GABA revealed that orexin A enhanced GABA-mediated currents in PNs. Downstream blockade of Gq/11 protein-coupled OX1Rs by IP3 receptor or protein kinase C (PKC) blockers and BAPTA injection into postsynaptic PNs diminished the orexin A-induced uIPSC enhancement. These results suggest that the orexinergic uIPSC enhancement is mediated via postsynaptic OX1Rs, which potentiate GABAA receptors through PKC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Usui
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Department of Anaesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Department of Anaesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Oi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Centre, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Molecular Dynamics Imaging Unit, RIKEN Centre for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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Pecenin MF, Borges-Pereira L, Levano-Garcia J, Budu A, Alves E, Mikoshiba K, Thomas A, Garcia CRS. Blocking IP 3 signal transduction pathways inhibits melatonin-induced Ca 2+ signals and impairs P. falciparum development and proliferation in erythrocytes. Cell Calcium 2018; 72:81-90. [PMID: 29748136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) signaling plays a crucial role in a wide range of eukaryotic processes. In Plasmodium falciparum, IP3 elicits Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores, even though no IP3 receptor homolog has been identified to date. The human host hormone melatonin plays a key role in entraining the P. falciparum life cycle in the intraerythrocytic stages, apparently through an IP3-dependent Ca2+ signal. The melatonin-induced cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) increase and malaria cell cycle can be blocked by the IP3 receptor blocker 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB). However, 2-APB also inhibits store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Therefore, we have used two novel 2-APB derivatives, DPB162-AE and DPB163-AE, which are 100-fold more potent than 2-APB in blocking SOCE in mammalian cells, and appear to act by interfering with clustering of STIM proteins. In the present work we report that DPB162-AE and DPB163-AE block the [Ca2+]cyt rise in response to melatonin in P. falciparum, but only at high concentrations. These compounds also block SOCE in the parasite at similarly high concentrations suggesting that P. falciparum SOCE is not activated in the same way as in mammalian cells. We further find that DPB162-AE and DPB163-AE affect the development of the intraerythrocytic parasites and invasion of new red blood cells. Our efforts to episomally express proteins that compete with native IP3 receptor like IP3-sponge and an IP3 sensor such as IRIS proved to be lethal to P. falciparum during intraerythrocytic cycle. The present findings point to an important role of IP3-induced Ca2+ release in intraerythrocytic stage of P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Fila Pecenin
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Sinalização Celular Patógeno-Hospedeiro (NUSCEP) Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Borges-Pereira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Sinalização Celular Patógeno-Hospedeiro (NUSCEP) Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Levano-Garcia
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Sinalização Celular Patógeno-Hospedeiro (NUSCEP) Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Budu
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Lab. for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Andrew Thomas
- New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | - Celia R S Garcia
- New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Sinalização Celular Patógeno-Hospedeiro (NUSCEP) Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Abstract
Synaptic transmission is mediated by ionotropic and metabotropic receptors that together regulate the rate and pattern of action potential firing. Metabotropic receptors can activate ion channels and modulate other receptors and channels. The present paper examines the interaction between group 1 mGluR-mediated calcium release from stores and GABAB/D2-mediated GIRK currents in rat dopamine neurons of the Substantia Nigra. Transient activation of mGluRs decreased the GIRK current evoked by GABAB and D2 receptors, although less efficaciously for D2. The mGluR-induced inhibition of GIRK current peaked in 1 s and recovered to baseline after 5 s. The inhibition was dependent on release of calcium from stores, was larger for transient than for tonic currents, and was unaffected by inhibitors of PLC, PKC, PLA2, or calmodulin. This inhibition of GABAB IPSCs through release of calcium from stores is a postsynaptic mechanism that may broadly reduce GIRK-dependent inhibition of many central neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Kramer
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - John T Williams
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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12
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Wu D, Wu J, Liu H, Yu M, Tao L, Dong S, Tong X. Role of Pannexin1 channels in the resistance of I-10 testicular cancer cells to cisplatin mediated by ATP/IP 3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:514-22. [PMID: 28780469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP) is the most commonly used drug in testicular cancer. However, drug resistance severely limits its clinical use and the underlying mechanisms need to be further clarified. The aim of present study was to investigate the role of ATP/IP3 pathway mediated by pannexin1 (Panx-1) channels on DDP-induced apoptosis and to reveal the potential mechanisms of DDP-resistance in testicular cancer. We found that the expression of Panx-1 in I-10/DDP cells (DDP-resistance) was decreased compared with parental I-10 cells determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. To further clarify the role of Panx-1 in DDP resistance, Panx-1 function was modulated by overexpression and knockdown of Panx-1 expression. Panx-1 overexpression increased DDP-induced apoptosis, ATP release and IP3 levels. On the contrary, Panx-1 silencing decreased DDP-induced apoptosis, ATP release and IP3 levels. Apyrase (hydrolyzing extracellular ATP) or xestospongin C (antagonizing IP3 receptor) also decreased DDP-induced apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate that Panx-1 is involved in DDP-resistance and ATP/IP3 pathway mediated by Panx-1 channels participates in DDP-induced apoptosis in testicular cancer. Panx-1 modulation may be interesting to amplify the clinical effect of DDP and reverse the resistance of testicular cancer cells to DDP.
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13
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Mammano F, Bortolozzi M. Ca 2+ signaling, apoptosis and autophagy in the developing cochlea: Milestones to hearing acquisition. Cell Calcium 2017; 70:117-126. [PMID: 28578918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the sense of hearing arises through a complex sequence of morphogenetic events that drive the sculpting of the auditory sensory epithelium into its terminally functional three-dimensional shape. While the majority of the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, it has become increasingly clear that Ca2+ signaling is at center stage and plays numerous fundamental roles both in the sensory hair cells and in the matrix of non-sensory, epithelial and supporting cells, which embed them and are tightly interconnected by a dense network of gap junctions formed by connexin 26 (Cx26) and connexin 30 (Cx30) protein subunits. In this review, we discuss the intricate interplay between Ca2+ signaling, connexin expression and function, apoptosis and autophagy in the crucial steps that lead to hearing acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mammano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, 35129 Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, (RM), Italy.
| | - Mario Bortolozzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, 35129 Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Italian National Research Council, 80131 Naples (NA), Italy
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Lock JT, Smith IF, Parker I. Comparison of Ca 2+ puffs evoked by extracellular agonists and photoreleased IP 3. Cell Calcium 2016; 63:43-47. [PMID: 28108028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The inositol trisphosphate (IP3) signaling pathway evokes local Ca2+ signals (Ca2+ puffs) that arise from the concerted openings of clustered IP3 receptor/channels in the ER membrane. Physiological activation is triggered by binding of agonists to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the cell surface, leading to cleavage of phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate and release of IP3 into the cytosol. Photorelease of IP3 from a caged precursor provides a convenient and widely employed means to study the final stage of IP3-mediated Ca2+ liberation, bypassing upstream signaling events to enable more precise control of the timing and relative concentration of cytosolic IP3. Here, we address whether Ca2+ puffs evoked by photoreleased IP3 fully replicate those arising from physiological agonist stimulation. We imaged puffs in individual SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells that were sequentially stimulated by picospritzing extracellular agonist (carbachol, CCH or bradykinin, BK) followed by photorelease of a poorly-metabolized IP3 analog, i-IP3. The centroid localizations of fluorescence signals during puffs evoked in the same cells by agonists and photorelease substantially overlapped (within ∼1μm), suggesting that IP3 from both sources accesses the same, or closely co-localized clusters of IP3Rs. Moreover, the time course and spatial spread of puffs evoked by agonists and photorelease matched closely. Because photolysis generates IP3 uniformly throughout the cytoplasm, our results imply that IP3 generated in SH-SY5Y cells by activation of receptors to CCH and BK also exerts broadly distributed actions, rather than specifically activating a subpopulation of IP3Rs that are scaffolded in close proximity to cell surface receptors to form a signaling nanodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Lock
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States.
| | - Ian F Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States.
| | - Ian Parker
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States.
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15
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Lock JT, Parker I, Smith IF. Communication of Ca(2+) signals via tunneling membrane nanotubes is mediated by transmission of inositol trisphosphate through gap junctions. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:266-72. [PMID: 27388952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tunneling membrane nanotubes (TNTs) are thin membrane projections linking cell bodies separated by many micrometers, which are proposed to mediate signaling and even transfer of cytosolic contents between distant cells. Several reports describe propagation of Ca(2+) signals between distant cells via TNTs, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Utilizing a HeLa M-Sec cell line engineered to upregulate TNTs we replicated previous findings that mechanical stimulation elicits robust cytosolic Ca(2+) elevations that propagate to surrounding, physically separate cells. However, whereas this was previously interpreted to involve intercellular communication through TNTs, we found that Ca(2+) signal propagation was abolished - even in TNT-connected cells - after blocking ATP-mediated paracrine signaling with a cocktail of extracellular inhibitors. To then establish whether gap junctions may enable cell-cell signaling via TNTs under these conditions, we expressed sfGFP-tagged connexin-43 (Cx43) in HeLa M-Sec cells. We observed robust communication of mechanically-evoked Ca(2+) signals between distant but TNT-connected cells, but only when both cells expressed Cx43. Moreover, we also observed communication of Ca(2+) signals evoked in one cell by local photorelease of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Ca(2+) responses in connected cells began after long latencies at intracellular sites several microns from the TNT connection site, implicating intercellular transfer of IP3 and subsequent IP3-mediated Ca(2+) liberation, and not Ca(2+) itself, as the mediator between TNT-connected, Cx43-expressing cells. Our results emphasize the need to control for paracrine transmission in studies of cell-cell signaling via TNTs and indicate that, in this cell line, TNTs do not establish cytosolic continuity between connected cells but rather point to the crucial importance of connexins to enable communication of cytosolic Ca(2+) signals via TNTs.
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16
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Abstract
The chemokine system mediates leukocyte migration during homeostatic and inflammatory processes. Traditionally, it is described as redundant and promiscuous, with a single chemokine ligand binding to different receptors and a single receptor having several ligands. Signaling of chemokine receptors occurs via two major routes, G protein- and β-arrestin-dependent, which can be preferentially modulated depending on the ligands or receptors involved, as well as the cell types or tissues in which the signaling event occurs. The preferential activation of a certain signaling pathway to the detriment of others has been termed signaling bias and can accordingly be grouped into ligand bias, receptor bias, and tissue bias. Bias has so far been broadly overlooked in the process of drug development. The low number of currently approved drugs targeting the chemokine system, as well as the broad range of failed clinical trials, reflects the need for a better understanding of the chemokine system. Thus, understanding the character, direction, and consequence of biased signaling in the chemokine system may aid the development of new therapeutics. This review describes experiments to assess G protein-dependent and -independent signaling in order to quantify chemokine system bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana-Maria Amarandi
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Gertrud Malene Hjortø
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Karlshøj
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Zhang X, Shen Z, Sun J, Yu Y, Deng S, Li Z, Sun C, Zhang J, Zhao R, Shen X, Chen S. NaCl-elicited, vacuolar Ca(2+) release facilitates prolonged cytosolic Ca(2+) signaling in the salt response of Populus euphratica cells. Cell Calcium 2015. [PMID: 25840638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.03.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High environmental salt elicits an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]cyt) in plants, which is generated by extracellular Ca(2+) influx and Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores, such as vacuole and endoplasmic reticulum. This study aimed to determine the physiological mechanisms underlying Ca(2+) release from vacuoles and its role in ionic homeostasis in Populus euphratica. In vivo Ca(2+) imaging showed that NaCl treatment induced a rapid elevation in [Ca(2+)]cyt, which was accompanied by a subsequent release of vacuolar Ca(2+). In cell cultures, NaCl-altered intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization was abolished by antagonists of inositol (1, 4, 5) trisphosphate (IP3) and cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) signaling pathways, but not by slow vacuolar (SV) channel blockers. Furthermore, the NaCl-induced vacuolar Ca(2+) release was dependent on extracellular ATP, extracellular Ca(2+) influx, H2O2, and NO. In vitro Ca(2+) flux recordings confirmed that IP3, cADPR, and Ca(2+) induced substantial Ca(2+) efflux from intact vacuoles, but this vacuolar Ca(2+) flux did not directly respond to ATP, H2O2, or NO. Moreover, the IP3/cADPR-mediated vacuolar Ca(2+) release enhanced the expression of salt-responsive genes that regulated a wide range of cellular processes required for ion homeostasis, including cytosolic K(+) maintenance, Na(+) and Cl(-) exclusion across the plasma membrane, and Na(+)/H(+) and Cl(-)/H(+) exchanges across the vacuolar membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University (Box 162), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zedan Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University (Box 162), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yicheng Yu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shurong Deng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University (Box 162), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunhua Sun
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University (Box 162), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University (Box 162), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University (Box 162), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Zhang X, Shen Z, Sun J, Yu Y, Deng S, Li Z, Sun C, Zhang J, Zhao R, Shen X, Chen S. NaCl-elicited, vacuolar Ca(2+) release facilitates prolonged cytosolic Ca(2+) signaling in the salt response of Populus euphratica cells. Cell Calcium 2015; 57:348-65. [PMID: 25840638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
High environmental salt elicits an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]cyt) in plants, which is generated by extracellular Ca(2+) influx and Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores, such as vacuole and endoplasmic reticulum. This study aimed to determine the physiological mechanisms underlying Ca(2+) release from vacuoles and its role in ionic homeostasis in Populus euphratica. In vivo Ca(2+) imaging showed that NaCl treatment induced a rapid elevation in [Ca(2+)]cyt, which was accompanied by a subsequent release of vacuolar Ca(2+). In cell cultures, NaCl-altered intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization was abolished by antagonists of inositol (1, 4, 5) trisphosphate (IP3) and cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) signaling pathways, but not by slow vacuolar (SV) channel blockers. Furthermore, the NaCl-induced vacuolar Ca(2+) release was dependent on extracellular ATP, extracellular Ca(2+) influx, H2O2, and NO. In vitro Ca(2+) flux recordings confirmed that IP3, cADPR, and Ca(2+) induced substantial Ca(2+) efflux from intact vacuoles, but this vacuolar Ca(2+) flux did not directly respond to ATP, H2O2, or NO. Moreover, the IP3/cADPR-mediated vacuolar Ca(2+) release enhanced the expression of salt-responsive genes that regulated a wide range of cellular processes required for ion homeostasis, including cytosolic K(+) maintenance, Na(+) and Cl(-) exclusion across the plasma membrane, and Na(+)/H(+) and Cl(-)/H(+) exchanges across the vacuolar membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University (Box 162), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zedan Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University (Box 162), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yicheng Yu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shurong Deng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University (Box 162), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunhua Sun
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University (Box 162), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University (Box 162), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University (Box 162), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Vervloessem T, Yule DI, Bultynck G, Parys JB. The type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, emerging functions for an intriguing Ca²⁺-release channel. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1853:1992-2005. [PMID: 25499268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) type 2 (IP3R2) is an intracellular Ca²⁺-release channel located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). IP3R2 is characterized by a high sensitivity to both IP3 and ATP and is biphasically regulated by Ca²⁺. Furthermore, IP3R2 is modulated by various protein kinases. In addition to its regulation by protein kinase A, IP3R2 forms a complex with adenylate cyclase 6 and is directly regulated by cAMP. Finally, in the ER, IP3R2 is less mobile than the other IP3R isoforms, while its functional properties appear dominant in heterotetramers. These properties make the IP3R2 a Ca²⁺ channel with exquisite properties for setting up intracellular Ca²⁺ signals with unique characteristics. IP3R2 plays a crucial role in the function of secretory cell types (e.g. pancreatic acinar cells, hepatocytes, salivary gland, eccrine sweat gland). In cardiac myocytes, the role of IP3R2 appears more complex, because, together with IP3R1, it is needed for normal cardiogenesis, while its aberrant activity is implicated in cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmias. Most importantly, its high sensitivity to IP3 makes IP3R2 a target for anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g. Bcl-2) in B-cell cancers. Disrupting IP3R/Bcl-2 interaction therefore leads in those cells to increased Ca²⁺ release and apoptosis. Intriguingly, IP3R2 is not only implicated in apoptosis but also in the induction of senescence, another tumour-suppressive mechanism. These results were the first to unravel the physiological and pathophysiological role of IP3R2 and we anticipate that further progress will soon be made in understanding the function of IP3R2 in various tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vervloessem
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David I Yule
- University of Rochester, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium.
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20
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Yu Y, Zhang C. Purinergic signaling negatively regulates activity of an olfactory receptor in an odorant-dependent manner. Neuroscience 2014; 275:89-101. [PMID: 24928349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular purines and pyrimidines are important signaling molecules that mediate diverse biological functions via cell surface purinergic receptors. Although purinergic modulation to olfactory activity has been reported, cell-specific expression and action of purinergic receptors deserve further exploration. We physiologically characterized expression of purinergic receptors in a set of olfactory sensory neurons that are responsive to both acetophenone and benzaldehyde (AB-OSNs). Sparsely distributed in the most ventral olfactory receptor zone, AB-OSNs were activated by P2 purinergic receptor agonists but not by P1 purinergic receptor agonist adenosine. Both P2X-selective agonist α,β-methylene ATP and P2Y-selective agonist uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) were stimulatory to AB-OSNs, indicating expression of both P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors in AB-OSNs. Pharmacological characterization of receptor specificity using various P2X and P2Y agonists and antagonists illustrated that P2X1 and P2Y2 receptors played major roles in purinergic signaling in AB-OSNs. Interestingly, the results of purinergic modulation to acetophenone-evoked responses were different from those to benzaldehyde-evoked responses within the same neurons. Activation of P2X1 receptors had more profound inhibitory effects on benzaldehyde-evoked intracellular calcium elevation than on acetophenone-evoked responses within the same neurons, and the reverse was true when P2Y2 receptors were activated. Cross-adaptation data showed that acetophenone and benzaldehyde bound to the same olfactory receptor. Thus, our study has demonstrated that purinergic signaling of P2X and P2Y receptors has different effects on olfactory transduction mediated by a defined olfactory receptor and the consequences of purinergic modulation of olfactory activity might depend on stereotypic structures of the odorant-receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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21
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Morioka N, Tokuhara M, Nakamura Y, Idenoshita Y, Harano S, Zhang FF, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y. Primary cultures of rat cortical microglia treated with nicotine increases in the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (GLAST) via the activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Neuroscience 2013; 258:374-84. [PMID: 24300109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the clearance of glutamate from the synapse under physiological conditions is performed by astrocytic glutamate transporters, their expression might be diminished under pathological conditions. Microglia glutamate transporters, however, might serve as a back-up system when astrocytic glutamate uptake is impaired, and could have a prominent neuroprotective function under pathological conditions. In the current study, the effect of nicotine, well known as a neuroprotective molecule, on the function of glutamate transporters in cultured rat cortical microglia was examined. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and pharmacological approaches demonstrated that, glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST), not glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), is the major functional glutamate transporter in cultured cortical microglia. Furthermore, the α7 subunit was demonstrated to be the key subunit comprising nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors in these cells. Treatment of cortical microglia with nicotine led to a significant increase of GLAST mRNA expression and (14)C-glutamate uptake in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which were markedly inhibited by pretreatment with methyllycaconitine, a selective α7 nACh receptor antagonist. The nicotine-induced expression of GLAST mRNA and protein is mediated through an inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) depend intracellular pathway, since pretreatment with either xestospongin C, an IP3 receptor antagonist, or KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, blocked GLAST expression. Together, these findings indicate that activation of nACh receptors, specifically those expressing the α7 subunit, on cortical microglia could be a key mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of nACh receptor ligands such as nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - M Tokuhara
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Y Idenoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - S Harano
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - F F Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - K Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Y Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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22
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Acquaviva A, Vecchio D, Arezzini B, Comporti M, Gardi C. Signaling pathways involved in isoprostane-mediated fibrogenic effects in rat hepatic stellate cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:201-207. [PMID: 23792773 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence supporting a potential role for F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoP's) in liver fibrosis, their signaling mechanisms are poorly understood. We have previously provided evidence that F2-IsoP's stimulate hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation and collagen hyperproduction by activation of a modified form of isoprostane receptor homologous to the classic thromboxane receptor (TP). In this paper, we examined which signal transduction pathways are set into motion by F2-IsoP's to exert their fibrogenic effects. HSCs were isolated from rat liver, cultured to their activated myofibroblast-like phenotype, and then treated with the isoprostane 15-F2t-isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP). Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels were determined using commercial kits. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cyclin D1 expression was assessed by Western blotting. Cell proliferation and collagen synthesis were determined by measuring [(3)H]thymidine and [(3)H]proline incorporation, respectively. 15-F2t-IsoP elicited an activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), which are known to be also regulated by G-protein-coupled receptors. Preincubation with specific ERK (PD98059), p38 (SB203580), or JNK (SP600125) inhibitors prevented 15-F2t-IsoP-induced cell proliferation and collagen synthesis. 15-F2t-IsoP decreased cAMP levels within 30 min, suggesting binding to the TPβ isoform and activation of Giα protein. Also, 15-F2t-IsoP increased IP3 levels within a few minutes, suggesting that the Gq protein pathway is also involved. In conclusion, the fibrogenic effects of F2-IsoP's in HSCs are mediated by downstream activation of MAPKs, through TP binding that couples via both Gqα and Giα proteins. Targeting TP receptor, or its downstream pathways, may contribute to preventing oxidative damage in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Acquaviva
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arezzini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Comporti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Concetta Gardi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
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Futosi K, Fodor S, Mócsai A. Reprint of Neutrophil cell surface receptors and their intracellular signal transduction pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1185-97. [PMID: 24263067 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in the host defense against bacterial and fungal infections, but their inappropriate activation also contributes to tissue damage during autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils express a large number of cell surface receptors for the recognition of pathogen invasion and the inflammatory environment. Those include G-protein-coupled chemokine and chemoattractant receptors, Fc-receptors, adhesion receptors such as selectins/selectin ligands and integrins, various cytokine receptors, as well as innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors and C-type lectins. The various cell surface receptors trigger very diverse signal transduction pathways including activation of heterotrimeric and monomeric G-proteins, receptor-induced and store-operated Ca(2+) signals, protein and lipid kinases, adapter proteins and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Here we provide an overview of the receptors involved in neutrophil activation and the intracellular signal transduction processes they trigger. This knowledge is crucial for understanding how neutrophils participate in antimicrobial host defense and inflammatory tissue damage and may also point to possible future targets of the pharmacological therapy of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Kim JS, Wang JH, Biel TG, Kim DS, Flores-Toro JA, Vijayvargiya R, Zendejas I, Behrns KE. Carbamazepine suppresses calpain-mediated autophagy impairment after ischemia/reperfusion in mouse livers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013;273:600-610. [PMID: 24126417 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) plays a causative role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Current therapeutic strategies for reducing reperfusion injury remain disappointing. Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated, catabolic process that timely eliminates abnormal or damaged cellular constituents and organelles such as dysfunctional mitochondria. I/R induces calcium overloading and calpain activation, leading to degradation of key autophagy-related proteins (Atg). Carbamazepine (CBZ), an FDA-approved anticonvulsant drug, has recently been reported to increase autophagy. We investigated the effects of CBZ on hepatic I/R injury. Hepatocytes and livers from male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to simulated in vitro, as well as in vivo I/R, respectively. Cell death, intracellular calcium, calpain activity, changes in autophagy-related proteins (Atg), autophagic flux, MPT and mitochondrial membrane potential after I/R were analyzed in the presence and absence of 20 μM CBZ. CBZ significantly increased hepatocyte viability after reperfusion. Confocal microscopy revealed that CBZ prevented calcium overloading, the onset of the MPT and mitochondrial depolarization. Immunoblotting and fluorometric analysis showed that CBZ blocked calpain activation, depletion of Atg7 and Beclin-1 and loss of autophagic flux after reperfusion. Intravital multiphoton imaging of anesthetized mice demonstrated that CBZ substantially reversed autophagic defects and mitochondrial dysfunction after I/R in vivo. In conclusion, CBZ prevents calcium overloading and calpain activation, which, in turn, suppresses Atg7 and Beclin-1 depletion, defective autophagy, onset of the MPT and cell death after I/R.
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25
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Isshiki M, Nishimoto M, Mizuno R, Fujita T. FRET-based sensor analysis reveals caveolae are spatially distinct Ca2+ stores in endothelial cells. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:395-403. [PMID: 24120096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+-regulating and Ca2+-dependent molecules enriched in caveolae are typically shaped as plasmalemmal invaginations or vesicles. Caveolae structure and subcellular distribution are critical for Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores and for Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space into the cell. However, Ca2+ dynamics inside caveolae have never been directly measured and remain uncharacterized. To target the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Ca2+ sensing protein D1, a mutant of cameleon, to the intra-caveolar space, we made a cDNA construct encoding a chimeric protein of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) and D1 (LOXD1). Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that a significant portion of LOXD1 was localized with caveolin-1 at morphologically apparent caveolar vesicles in endothelial cells. LOXD1 detected ATP-induced transient Ca2+ decreases by confocal FRET imaging in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+. This ATP-induced Ca2+ decrease was abolished following knockdown of caveoin-1, suggesting an association with caveolae. The X-ray spectra obtained by the spot analysis of electron-opaque pyroantimonate precipitates further confirmed that ATP-induced calcium decreases in intra-caveolar vesicles. In conclusion, subplasmalemmal caveolae function as Ca2+-releasable Ca2+ stores in response to ATP. This intracellular local Ca2+ delivery system may contribute to the complex spatiotemporal organization of Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Isshiki
- Department of Molecular Vascular Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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26
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Zuloaga R, Fuentes EN, Molina A, Valdés JA. The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is activated by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and regulates myostatin gene expression in skeletal myoblast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:258-64. [PMID: 24064350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin, a member of the Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, plays an important role as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth and differentiation. We have previously reported that IGF-1 induces a transient myostatin mRNA expression, through the activation of the Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) in an IP3/calcium-dependent manner. Here we examined the activation of CREB transcription factor as downstream targets of IGF-1 during myoblast differentiation and its role as a regulator of myostatin gene expression. In cultured skeletal myoblast, IGF-1 induced the phosphorylation and transcriptional activation of CREB via IGF-1 Receptor/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Phospholipase C gamma (PLC γ), signaling pathways. Also, IGF-1 induced calcium-dependent molecules such as Calmodulin Kinase II (CaMK II), Extracellular signal-regulated Kinases (ERK), Protein Kinase C (PKC). Additionally, we examined myostatin mRNA levels and myostatin promoter activity in differentiated myoblasts stimulated with IGF-1. We found a significant increase in mRNA contents of myostatin and its reporter activity after treatment with IGF-1. The expression of myostatin in differentiated myoblast was downregulated by the transfection of siRNA-CREB and by pharmacological inhibitors of the signaling pathways involved in CREB activation. By using pharmacological and genetic approaches together these data demonstrate that IGF-1 regulates the myostatin gene expression via CREB transcription factor during muscle cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zuloaga
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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27
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Abate C, Selivanova SV, Müller A, Krämer SD, Schibli R, Marottoli R, Perrone R, Berardi F, Niso M, Ametamey SM. Development of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one derivatives for the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of σ₂ receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:920-30. [PMID: 24161678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
σ₂ Receptors are promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis given the relationship between the proliferative status of tumors and their density. With the aim of contributing to the research of σ₂ receptor Positron Emission Tomography (PET) probes, we developed 2-[3-[6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]propyl]-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one (3), with optimal σ₂ pharmacological properties and appropriate lipophilicity. Hence, 3 served as the lead compound for the development of a series of dihydroisoquinolinones amenable to radiolabeling. Radiosynthesis for compound 26, which displayed the most appropriate σ₂ profile, was developed and σ₂ specific binding for the corresponding [(18)F]-26 was confirmed by in vitro autoradiography on rat brain slices. Despite the excellent in vitro properties, [(18)F]-26 could not successfully image σ₂ receptors in the rat brain in vivo, maybe because of its interaction with P-gp. Nevertheless, [(18)F]-26 may still be worthy of further investigation for the imaging of σ₂ receptors in peripheral tumors devoid of P-gp overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
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28
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Frégeau MO, Carrier M, Guillemette G. Mechanism of dopamine D2 receptor-induced Ca(2+) release in PC-12 cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2871-7. [PMID: 24055909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) levels are tightly regulated in the neuronal system. The loss of Ca(2+) homeostasis is associated with many neurological diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and schizophrenia. We investigated the mechanisms involved in intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in PC-12 cells. The stimulation of NGF-differentiated PC-12 cells with 3μM ATP caused an early Ca(2+) release followed by a delayed Ca(2+) release. The delayed Ca(2+) release was dependent on prior ATP priming and on dopamine secretion by PC-12 cells. Delayed Ca(2+) release was abolished in the presence of spiperone, suggesting that it is due to the activation of D2 dopamine receptors (D2R) by dopamine secreted by PC-12 cells. This was shown to be independent of PKA activation but dependent on PLC activity. An endocytosis step was required for inducing the delayed Ca(2+) release. Given the importance of calcyon in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, we verified the role of this protein in the delayed Ca(2+) release phenomenon. siRNA targeting of calcyon blocked the delayed Ca(2+) release, decreased ATP-evoked IP3R-mediated Ca(2+) release, and impaired subsequent Ca(2+) oscillations. Our results suggested that calcyon is involved in an unknown mechanism that causes a delayed IP3R-mediated Ca(2+) release in PC-12 cells. In schizophrenia, Ca(2+) dysregulation may depend on the upregulation of calcyon, which maintains elevated Ca(2+) levels as well as dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Olivier Frégeau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4 Canada
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29
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Futosi K, Fodor S, Mócsai A. Neutrophil cell surface receptors and their intracellular signal transduction pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:638-50. [PMID: 23994464 PMCID: PMC3827506 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in the host defense against bacterial and fungal infections, but their inappropriate activation also contributes to tissue damage during autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils express a large number of cell surface receptors for the recognition of pathogen invasion and the inflammatory environment. Those include G-protein-coupled chemokine and chemoattractant receptors, Fc-receptors, adhesion receptors such as selectins/selectin ligands and integrins, various cytokine receptors, as well as innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors and C-type lectins. The various cell surface receptors trigger very diverse signal transduction pathways including activation of heterotrimeric and monomeric G-proteins, receptor-induced and store-operated Ca2 + signals, protein and lipid kinases, adapter proteins and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Here we provide an overview of the receptors involved in neutrophil activation and the intracellular signal transduction processes they trigger. This knowledge is crucial for understanding how neutrophils participate in antimicrobial host defense and inflammatory tissue damage and may also point to possible future targets of the pharmacological therapy of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils are crucial players in innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophils also participate in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Various neutrophil receptors recognize pathogens and the inflammatory environment. The various cell surface receptors trigger diverse intracellular signaling. Neutrophil receptors and signaling are potential targets in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabina Fodor
- Department of Computer Science, Corvinus University of Budapest, 1093 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Corresponding author at: Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Tűzoltó utca 37–47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary. Tel.: + 36 1 459 1500x60 409; fax: + 36 1 266 7480.
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30
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Kim MH, Seo JB, Burnett LA, Hille B, Koh DS. Characterization of store-operated Ca2+ channels in pancreatic duct epithelia. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:266-75. [PMID: 23968882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs) are activated by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores following agonist-mediated Ca2+ release. Previously we demonstrated that Ca2+ influx through SOCs elicits exocytosis efficiently in pancreatic duct epithelial cells (PDEC). Here we describe the biophysical, pharmacological, and molecular properties of the duct epithelial SOCs using Ca2+ imaging, whole-cell patch-clamp, and molecular biology. In PDEC, agonists of purinergic, muscarinic, and adrenergic receptors coupled to phospholipase C activated SOC-mediated Ca2+ influx as Ca2+ was released from intracellular stores. Direct measurement of [Ca2+] in the ER showed that SOCs greatly slowed depletion of the ER. Using IP3 or thapsigargin in the patch pipette elicited inwardly rectifying SOC currents. The currents increased ∼8-fold after removal of extracellular divalent cations, suggesting competitive permeation between mono- and divalent cations. The current was completely blocked by high doses of La3+ and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) but only partially depressed by SKF-96365. In polarized PDEC, SOCs were localized specifically to the basolateral membrane. RT-PCR screening revealed the expression of both STIM and Orai proteins for the formation of SOCs in PDEC. By expression of fluorescent STIM1 and Orai1 proteins in PDEC, we confirmed that colocalization of the two proteins increases after store depletion. In conclusion, basolateral Ca2+ entry through SOCs fills internal Ca2+ stores depleted by external stimuli and will facilitate cellular processes dependent on cytoplasmic Ca2+ such as salt and mucin secretion from the exocrine pancreatic ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mean-Hwan Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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31
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Di Prisco S, Merega E, Milanese M, Summa M, Casazza S, Raffaghello L, Pistoia V, Uccelli A, Pittaluga A. CCL5-glutamate interaction in central nervous system: Early and acute presynaptic defects in EAE mice. Neuropharmacology 2013; 75:337-46. [PMID: 23958452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the CCL5-glutamate interaction in the cortex and in the spinal cord from mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) at 13 and 21/30 days post immunization (d.p.i.), representing the onset and the peak of the disease, respectively. An early reduction of the KCl-evoked glutamate release was observed in cortical terminals from EAE mice at 13 d.p.i., persisting until 21/30 d.p.i. A concomitant reduction of the depolarization-evoked cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), but not of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) cortical production also occurred at 13 d.p.i, that still was detectable at the acute stage of disease (21 dp.i.). Inasmuch, the CCL5-mediated inhibition of glutamate exocytosis observed in control mice turned to facilitation in EAE mouse cortex at 13 d.p.i., then becoming undetectable at 21/30 d.p.i. Differently, glutamate exocytosis, as well as IP3 and cAMP productions were unaltered in spinal cord synaptosomes from EAE mice at 13 d.p.i., but significantly increased at 21/30 d.p.i., while the presynaptic CCL5-mediated facilitation of glutamate exocytosis observed in control mice remained unchanged. In both CNS regions, the presynaptic defects were parallelled by increased CCL5 availability. Inasmuch, the presynaptic defects so far described in EAE mice were reminiscent of the effects acute CCL5 exerts in control conditions. Based on these observations we propose that increased CCL5 bioavailability could have a role in determining the abovedescribed impaired presynaptic impairments in both CNS regions. These presynaptic defects could be relevant to the onset of early cognitive impairments and acute neuroinflammation and demyelinating processes observed in multiple sclerosis patients.
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Abstract
Great progress has recently been made in structural and functional research of phospholipase C (PLC)-β. We now understand how PLC-β isoforms (β1-β4) are activated by GTP-bound Gαq downstream of G protein-coupled receptors. Numerous studies indicate that PLC-βs participate in the differentiation and activation of immune cells that control both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The PLC-β3 isoform also interplays with tyrosine kinase-based signaling pathways, to inhibit Stat5 activation by recruiting the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, with which PLC-β3 and Stat5 form a multi-molecular signaling platform, named SPS complex. The SPS complex has important regulatory roles in tumorigenesis and immune cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Laboratory of Allergic Disease, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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33
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Sticozzi C, Belmonte G, Meini A, Carbotti P, Grasso G, Palmi M. IL-1β induces GFAP expression in vitro and in vivo and protects neurons from traumatic injury-associated apoptosis in rat brain striatum via NFκB/Ca²⁺-calmodulin/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Neuroscience 2013; 252:367-83. [PMID: 23928073 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis, a feature of neuro-inflammation is induced by a number of endogenous mediators including cytokines. Despite interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) stands out as the major inducer of this process, the underlying mechanism and its role on neuronal viability remain elusive. We investigated in human astrocytoma cells and the rat brain striatum, the role of the nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) calmodulin (CaM) and extracellular regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK1/2) in IL-1β-induced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuronal apoptosis associated to a brain trauma. Cell data showed that IL-1β (1 ng/ml) increased NF-kB, pERK1/2 and GFAP expression. Nevertheless, further increase in IL-1β levels reversed progressively these responses. Preventing ERK1/2 activation with 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-aminophenylthiol]-butadiene antagonized IL-1β-induced GFAP expression while inhibiting selectively nuclear translocation of NF-kB with caffeic-acid phenethyl-ester down-regulated both ERK1/2 and GFAP expression induced by IL-1β. The GFAP response was also prevented by antagonizing selectively increase in [Ca(2+)]i, CaM activity or inducible nitric oxide synthase expression with respectively ryanodine plus 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl-borate, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalensulfonamide hydrochloride and N-[(3-(aminomethyl)-phenyl]methyl]-ethanimidamide dihydrochloride. Data in vivo supported these findings and showed that GFAP expression induced by IL-1β (50 ng/ml) correlated with attenuated glial scar formation and reduced neuronal apoptosis. Our data identified the NF-kB/Ca(2+)-CaM/ERK signaling pathway as a novel in vivo key regulator of IL-1β-induced astrogliosis which may represent a potential target in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sticozzi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via L. Bersari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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34
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Pokotylo I, Kolesnikov Y, Kravets V, Zachowski A, Ruelland E. Plant phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipases C: variations around a canonical theme. Biochimie 2013; 96:144-57. [PMID: 23856562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) cleaves, in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI-4,5-P2) into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3). PI-PLCs are multidomain proteins that are structurally related to the PI-PLCζs, the simplest animal PI-PLCs. Like these animal counterparts, they are only composed of EF-hand, X/Y and C2 domains. However, plant PI-PLCs do not have a conventional EF-hand domain since they are often truncated, while some PI-PLCs have no EF-hand domain at all. Despite this simple structure, plant PI-PLCs are involved in many essential plant processes, either associated with development or in response to environmental stresses. The action of PI-PLCs relies on the mediators they produce. In plants, IP3 does not seem to be the sole active soluble molecule. Inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) and inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) also transmit signals, thus highlighting the importance of coupling PI-PLC action with inositol-phosphate kinases and phosphatases. PI-PLCs also produce a lipid molecule, but plant PI-PLC pathways show a peculiarity in that the active lipid does not appear to be DAG but its phosphorylated form, phosphatidic acid (PA). Besides, PI-PLCs can also act by altering their substrate levels. Taken together, plant PI-PLCs show functional differences when compared to their animal counterparts. However, they act on similar general signalling pathways including calcium homeostasis and cell phosphoproteome. Several important questions remain unanswered. The cross-talk between the soluble and lipid mediators generated by plant PI-PLCs is not understood and how the coupling between PI-PLCs and inositol-kinases or DAG-kinases is carried out remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
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35
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Park SJ, Lee KP, Kang S, Chung HY, Bae YS, Okajima F, Im DS. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine utilizes LPA(1) and CD97 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2147-54. [PMID: 23838008 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) is a lyso-type metabolite of phosphatidylethanolamine (a plasma membrane component), and its intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) increasing actions may be mediated through G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). However, GPCRs for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a structurally similar representative lipid mediator, have not been implicated in LPE-mediated activities in SK-OV3 or OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells or in receptor over-expression systems. In the present study, LPE-induced [Ca(2+)]i increase was observed in MDA-MB-231 cells but not in other breast cancer cell lines. In addition, LPE- and LPA-induced responses showed homologous and heterologous desensitization. Furthermore, VPC32183 and Ki16425 (antagonists of LPA1 and LPA3) inhibited LPE-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases, and knockdown of LPA1 by transfection with LPA1 siRNA completely inhibited LPE-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases. Furthermore, the involvement of CD97 (an adhesion GPCR) in the action of LPA1 in MDA-MB-231 cells was demonstrated by siRNA transfection. Pertussis toxin (a specific inhibitor of Gi/o proteins), edelfosine (an inhibitor of phospholipase C), or 2-APB (an inhibitor of IP3 receptor) completely inhibited LPE-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases, whereas HA130, an inhibitor of autotaxin/lysophospholipase D, did not. Therefore, LPE is supposed to act on LPA1-CD97/Gi/o proteins/phospholipase C/IP3/Ca(2+) rise in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Orexins - orexin-A and orexin-B - are neuropeptides with significant role in regulation of fundamental physiological processes such as sleep-wakefulness cycle. Orexins act via G-protein-coupled OX1 and OX2 receptors, which are found, in addition to the central nervous system, also in a number of peripheral organs. Orexin receptors show high degree of signaling promiscuity. One particularly prominent way of signaling for these receptors is via phospholipase cascades, including the phospholipase C, phospholipase D and phospholipase A2 cascades, and also diacylglycerol lipase and phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathways. Most analyses have been performed in recombinant cells; there are indications of some of these cascades in native cells while the significance of other cascades remains to be shown. In this review, I present these pathways, their activation mechanisms and their physiological significance.
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Key Words
- 2-AG
- 2-arachidonoylglycerol
- AA
- CNS
- DAG
- DAG lipase
- DAGL
- DOG
- ERK
- Endocannabinoid
- G-protein-coupled receptor
- GPCR
- GPL
- Hypocretin
- IP(3)
- Ion fluxes
- KB-R7943
- MAFP
- N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine
- N-arachidonoylethanolamine
- NAPE
- NSCC
- OX(1)
- OX(2)
- Orexin
- PA
- PC
- PC-PLC
- PC-specific PLC
- PDK1
- PI
- PI3K
- PIP
- PIP(2)
- PIP(3)
- PIs
- PKB, PKC and PKD
- PLA(1), PLA(2), PLB, PLC and PLD
- Phospholipase
- TRP (channel)
- U73122
- a NCX inhibitor
- a PLC inhibitor
- a cPLA(2)α/ζ inhibitor
- anandamide
- arachidonic acid
- cPLA(2) and iPLA(2)
- central nervous system
- cytosolic (Ca(2+)-dependent) and intracellular (Ca(2+)-independent) PLA(2), respectively
- diacylglycerol
- dioctanoylglycerol
- extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- glycerophospholipid
- inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate
- lyso(glycero)phospholipid
- lysoGPL
- lysoPA
- lysophosphatidic acid
- methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate
- non-selective cation channel
- orexin 1 receptor
- orexin 2 receptor
- phosphatidic acid
- phosphatidylcholine
- phosphatidylinositol
- phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
- phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
- phosphatidylinositolmonophosphate
- phosphatidylinositols (including differentially phosphorylated species PI, PIP, PIP(2) and PIP(3))
- phosphoinositide-3-kinase
- phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1
- phospholipase A(1), A(2), B, C and D, respectively
- protein kinase B, C and D, respectively
- pyrrophenone
- transient receptor potential (channel)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyrki P Kukkonen
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, POB 66, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Haas M, Ben-Moshe I, Fischer B, Reiser G. Sp-2-propylthio-ATP-α-B and Sp-2-propylthio-ATP-α-B,β-γ-dichloromethylene are novel potent and specific agonists of the human P2Y₁₁ receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:645-55. [PMID: 23810430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human P2Y₁₁ nucleotide receptor mRNA was found in virtually all human tissues, and the receptor serves many physiological roles, such as immune response regulation. The Ala-87-Thr-P2Y₁₁ receptor single nucleotide polymorphism was linked to increased risk for acute myocardial infarction. To facilitate the development of new therapeutic applications involving cells expressing several P2 receptor subtypes, the availability of specific and potent agonists is mandatory. Here, we synthesized a series of novel adenine nucleotide derivatives, based upon the potent P2Y₁₁ receptor agonists AR-C67085. Features of the novel nucleotide derivatives are a propylthio substitution at C2-adenine and a Pα-borano or Pα-thio substitution of non-bridging oxygen atom. The latter substitutions introduce a chiral center at the α-phosphate. Sp-isomers of Pα-borano- and Rp-isomers of Pα-thio-substituted nucleotides are preferred by the P2Y₁₁ receptor. As recently reported by us, diastereoselectivity of the P2Y₁₁ receptor is opposite to that of the P2Y₁ receptor. Therefore, we exploit this characteristic to increase nucleotide selectivity. At the P2Y₁₁ receptor, the Sp-isomers of 2-propylthio-ATP-α-B (2B) and 2-propylthio-ATP-α-B,β-γ-dichloromethylene (4B) were the most potent of the novel nucleotide series, with EC₅₀ values of 0.03 μM for both, being ca. 80-fold more potent than 2-propylthio-ATP and ATP (EC₅₀ = 2.6 μM). We conclude that the borano-substitution at the α-phosphate of 2-propylthio-ATP enhances nucleotide potency at the P2Y₁₁ receptor. The combination with a Pβ-Pγ-dichloromethylene group in 4B results in a nucleotide, which shows higher selectivity for the P2Y₁₁ receptor over the P2Y₁₁ receptor than 2B making it the most promising of the novel P2Y₁₁ receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haas
- Institute for Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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38
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Aleshin S, Strokin M, Sergeeva M, Reiser G. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ, a possible nexus of PPARα- and PPARγ-dependent molecular pathways in neurodegenerative diseases: Review and novel hypotheses. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:322-30. [PMID: 23811400 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, -β/δ and -γ) are lipid-activated transcription factors. Synthetic PPARα and PPARγ ligands have neuroprotective properties. Recently, PPARβ/δ activation emerged as the focus of a novel approach for the treatment of a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. To fill the gap of knowledge about the role of PPARβ/δ in brain, new hypotheses about PPARβ/δ involvement in neuropathological processes are requested. In this paper, we describe a novel hypothesis, claiming the existence of tight interactions between the three PPAR isotypes, which we designate the "PPAR triad". We propose that PPARβ/δ has a central control of the PPAR triad. The majority of studies analyze the regulation only by one of the PPAR isotypes. A few reports describe the mutual regulation of expression levels of all three PPAR isotypes by PPAR agonists. Analysis of these studies where pairwise interactions of PPARs were described allows us to support the existence of the PPAR triad with central role for PPARβ/δ. In the present review, we propose the hypothesis that in a wide range of brain disorders, PPARβ/δ plays a central role between PPARα and PPARγ. Finally, we prove the advantages of the PPAR triad concept by describing hypotheses of PPARβ/δ involvement in the regulation of myelination, glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, and signaling pathways of reactive oxygen species/NO/Ca(2+).
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39
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Bambi-Nyanguile SM, Hanson J, Ooms A, Alpan L, Kolh P, Dogné JM, Pirotte B. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-aryloxy/arylamino-5-cyanobenzenesulfonylureas as novel thromboxane A₂ receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 65:32-40. [PMID: 23688698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
New series of original 2-aryloxy/arylamino-5-cyanobenzenesulfonylureas were synthesized and evaluated as thromboxane A2 receptor (TP receptor) antagonists. A functional pharmacological test was used, which consisted of measuring the inhibition of intracellular calcium mobilization in a model of mammalian cell line that specifically over-expressed the individual TPα or TPβ isoforms. 2-Arylamino-5-cyanobenzenesulfonylureas exhibited virtually identical affinity and/or functional activity than 2-aryloxy-5-cyanobenzenesulfonylureas for both TPα and TPβ, but some 2-aryloxy-substituted compounds showed increased selectivity for TPβ relative to TPα. Several compounds were found to be as potent as the 2-arylamino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonylurea reference compound BM-573, supporting the view that the bioisosteric replacement of the nitro group by a cyano group was tolerated. TP receptor antagonist activity of the most promising molecules was confirmed in a platelet aggregation assay using the TP receptor agonist U-46619 as a proaggregant. Three compounds (7e, 7h and 8h) were identified as leads for further non-clinical pharmacological and toxicological studies.
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40
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Wakabayashi S, Hisamitsu T, Nakamura TY. Regulation of the cardiac Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger in health and disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 61:68-76. [PMID: 23429007 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Na(+) gradient produced across the cardiac sarcolemma by the ATP-dependent Na(+)-pump is a constant source of energy for Na(+)-dependent transporters. The plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) is one such secondary active transporter, regulating intracellular pH, Na(+) concentration, and cell volume. NHE1, the major isoform found in the heart, is activated in response to a variety of stimuli such as hormones and mechanical stress. This important characteristic of NHE1 is intimately linked to heart diseases, including maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and subsequent heart failure, as well as acute ischemic-reperfusion injury. NHE1 activation results in elevation of pH and intracellular Na(+) concentration, which potentially enhance downstream signaling cascades in the myocardium. Therefore, in addition to determining the mechanism underlying regulation of NHE1 activity, it is important to understand how the ionic signal produced by NHE1 is transmitted to the downstream targets. Extensive studies have identified many accessory factors that interact with NHE1. Here, we have summarized the recent progress on understanding the molecular mechanism underlying NHE1 regulation and have shown a possible signaling pathway leading to cardiac remodeling, which is initiated from NHE1. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Na(+) Regulation in Cardiac Myocytes".
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