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Rogers JT, Nolte JA, Strine B, Zackula R, Bianco J, Bhargava T. Short-term Functional Outcomes and Complications of Custom Patellofemoral Arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today 2024; 26:101335. [PMID: 38440287 PMCID: PMC10910228 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2024.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) is a treatment option for isolated patellofemoral arthritis. Custom PFA is an innovative procedure utilizing patient-specific instrumentation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate short-term functional outcomes and complications of the custom PFA in treatment of isolated patellofemoral arthritis. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze patients who received a PFA operation from a single surgeon. Inclusion criteria were surgical patients from 2012 to 2018 who underwent PFA using a custom prosthesis implant. Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS, JR) and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) were collected before and after surgery. Results A total of 79 patients (94 knees) participated in the study; 55 (69.6%) were women. The median age was 57 at the time of index arthroplasty; 15 patients (30 knees) were bilateral. Follow-up rate was 94%. Median follow-up duration was 3.6 years (2-8.9). Overall prefunctional and postfunctional scores differed significantly for both KOOS, JR and LEFS. Postoperative scores increased for KOOS, JR by 27.5 points, and for LEFS, they increased 26.0 points; P < .001 for both. Complications included 6 reoperations (6.7%) related to PFA: 4 conversions (4.4%) to total knee arthroplasty at a median of 2.5 (1.5-3) years after the index procedure, one vastus medialis oblique advancement (1.1%) secondary to patellar maltracking, and one manipulation under anesthesia (1.1%). Conclusions Custom PFA in patients with isolated patellofemoral arthritis showed good short-term functional outcomes and low revision rates with very few complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Rogers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Jack A. Nolte
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Brayden Strine
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Summa Health, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Rosey Zackula
- Department of Research, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Jake Bianco
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Tarun Bhargava
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS, USA
- Mid-America Orthopaedics, Wichita, KS, USA
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Deering TF, Bunch TJ, Lakkireddy D, Liu CF, Piccini JP, Smith AM. Pulsed field ablation: A promise with future broad-based applicability or a pause needing further analysis-Is catheter ablation at a crossroads? A critical appraisal of the new challenger-pulsed field ablation. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02256-2. [PMID: 38548125 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.03.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T Jared Bunch
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - Jonathan P Piccini
- Duke University Medical Center and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
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McKenna DP, McMonagle MP. Plain film of the abdomen remains a low sensitivity test in A&E. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:341-343. [PMID: 37340226 PMCID: PMC10808235 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plain film abdomens (PFA) are frequently used in the emergency department to help guide the management of patients presenting with abdominal symptoms. A plain film abdomen contributes minimally to clinical scenarios due to low sensitivity and specificity. Is a PFA useful in the emergency setting or does it serve to further complicate decision making? AIM We hypothesise that PFAs in the emergency department are over utilised to falsely reassure clinicians and patients alike. METHODS A search of the National Integrated Medical Imaging System (NIMIS) database in an Irish tertiary referral hospital was conducted. All plain film abdominal radiographs requested by the emergency department between 01/01/2022 and 31/08/2022 were identified. Requests where there was suspicion of foreign body were excluded. A retrospective search of the NIMIS database identified subjects who underwent subsequent imaging. RESULTS A total of 619 abdominal films were deemed suitable for inclusion. These comprised of 338 male and 282 female subjects. Subjects had an average age of 64 years. Fifty-seven per cent of PFAs detected no abnormality. Forty-two per cent of subjects had subsequent imaging. The plain film findings correlated with further imaging in only 15% of cases. One case of ruptured aortic aneurysm and 11 perforations were detected on computerised tomography, none of these cases were evident on abdominal X-ray. CONCLUSION Plain film abdomen requests are over utilised in the emergency department. PFAs are not sensitive for detecting acute pathology and should not be used to decide if a patient requires further imaging or a full clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P McKenna
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Waterford, Dunmore Road, Waterford, X91 ER8E, UK.
| | - Morgan P McMonagle
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Waterford, Dunmore Road, Waterford, X91 ER8E, UK
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Avitall B. Have the cake and eat it too: PFA, a case of a technological miracle? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2024; 35:94-96. [PMID: 38031813 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
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Wang MF, Ritter MM, Kullman SW, Muddiman DC. Comparative analysis of sucrose-embedding for whole-body zebrafish MSI by IR-MALDESI. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6389-6398. [PMID: 37640826 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (IR-MALDESI) conventionally utilizes fresh-frozen biological tissues with an ice matrix to improve the detection of analytes. Sucrose-embedding with paraformaldehyde fixation has demonstrated feasibility as an alternative matrix for analysis by IR-MALDESI by preserving tissue features and enhancing ionization of lipids. However, investigating multi-organ systems provides broader context for a biological study and can elucidate more information about a disease state as opposed to a single organ. Danio rerio, or zebrafish, are model organisms for various disease states and can be imaged as a multi-organ sample to analyze morphological and metabolomic preservation as a result of sample preparation. Herein, whole-body zebrafish were imaged to compare sucrose-embedding with paraformaldehyde fixation against conventional fresh-frozen sample preparation. Serial sections were analyzed with and without an ice matrix to evaluate if sucrose functions as an alternative energy-absorbing matrix for IR-MALDESI applications across whole-body tissues. The resulting four conditions were compared in terms of total putative lipid annotations and category diversity, coverage across the entire m/z range, and ion abundance. Ultimately, sucrose-embedded zebrafish had an increase in putative lipid annotations for the combination of putative annotations with and without the application of an ice matrix relative to fresh-frozen tissues which require the application of an ice matrix. Upon the use of an ice matrix, a greater number of high mass putative lipid annotations (e.g., glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and sphingolipids) were identified. Conversely, without an ice matrix, sucrose-embedded sections elucidated more putative annotations in lower molecular weight lipids, including fatty acyls and sterol lipids. Similar to the mouse brain model, sucrose-embedding increased putative lipid annotation and abundance for whole-body zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Wang
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Morgan M Ritter
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Seth W Kullman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Sava MP, Neopoulos G, Leica A, Hirschmann MT. Patellofemoral arthroplasty with onlay prosthesis leads to higher rates of osteoarthritis progression than inlay design implants: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:3927-3940. [PMID: 37005940 PMCID: PMC10435614 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to report the clinical and functional outcomes, complication rates, implant survivorship and the progression of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (OA), after new inlay or onlay patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA), for isolated patellofemoral OA. Comparison of different implant types and models, where it was possible, also represented one of the objectives. METHODS A systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane databases, to identify possible relevant studies, published from the inception of these databases until 11.11.2022. Randomized control trials (RCTs), case series, case control studies and cohort studies, written in English or German, and published in peer-reviewed journals after 2010, were included. Not original studies, case reports, simulation studies, systematic reviews, or studies that included patients who underwent TKA or unicompartmental arthroplasty (UKA) of the medial or lateral compartment of the knee, were excluded. Additionally, only articles that assessed functional and/or clinical outcomes, patient-reported outcomes (PROMs), radiographic progression of OA, complication rates, implant survival rates, pain, as well as conversion to TKA rates in patients treated with PFA, using inlay or onlay trochlea designs, were included. For quality assessment, the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) for non-comparative and comparative clinical intervention studies was used. RESULTS The literature search identified 404 articles. 29 of them met all the inclusion criteria following the selection process. Median MINORS for non-comparative studies value was 12.5 (range 11-14), and for comparative studies 20.1 (range 17-24). In terms of clinical and functional outcomes, no difference between onlay and inlay PFA has been described. Both designs yielded satisfactory results at short, medium and long-term follow-ups. Both designs improved pain postoperatively and no difference between them in terms of postoperative VAS has been noted, although the onlay groups presented a higher preoperative VAS. When comparing the inlay to onlay trochlea designs, the inlay group displayed a lower progression of OA rate. CONCLUSION There is no difference in functional or clinical outcomes after PFA between the new inlay and the onlay designs, with both presenting an improvement in most of the scores that were used. A higher rate of OA progression was observed in the onlay design group. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel-Paul Sava
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland (BruderholzLiestalLaufen), CH-4101, Bruderholz, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Group Michael T. Hirschmann, Regenerative Medicine and Biomechanics, University of Basel, CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Neopoulos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland (BruderholzLiestalLaufen), CH-4101, Bruderholz, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Group Michael T. Hirschmann, Regenerative Medicine and Biomechanics, University of Basel, CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Leica
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland (BruderholzLiestalLaufen), CH-4101, Bruderholz, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Group Michael T. Hirschmann, Regenerative Medicine and Biomechanics, University of Basel, CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael T Hirschmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland (BruderholzLiestalLaufen), CH-4101, Bruderholz, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Group Michael T. Hirschmann, Regenerative Medicine and Biomechanics, University of Basel, CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland.
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Asaoka H, Koido Y, Kawashima Y, Ikeda M, Miyamoto Y, Nishi D. Association Between Attitudes Toward Trauma Informed Care and Psychological First-Aid Training Experience Among Health Care Professionals in Japan. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e443. [PMID: 37533366 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trauma informed care (TIC) is an important approach for people who have experienced trauma. Although psychological first aid (PFA) may be effective training in TIC, no study reported an association between PFA training and TIC. This study aimed to investigate the association between PFA training and attitudes toward TIC among health care professionals in Japan. METHODS Japanese health care professionals were recruited for a survey conducted from May 21 to June 18, 2021. TIC was assessed by the Attitudes Related to Trauma Informed Care Scale 10-item short form (ARTIC-10). A question about PFA training participation was originally developed through discussion among researchers. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between the PFA experience and ARTIC-10. RESULTS In total, 484 (3.6%) health care professionals completed all questions. Among them, 77 (15.9%) had experienced PFA training. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses showed that PFA experience (B = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.02-0.36, P = 0.03; B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.01-0.34, P = 0.04) was significantly associated with ARTIC-10. CONCLUSIONS This study was the first to show an association between PFA training and attitudes toward TIC among health care professionals, which was a significant result for future research on PFA training, TIC, and trauma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Asaoka
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Koido
- DMAT Secretariat, National Hospital Organization, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kawashima
- DMAT Secretariat, National Hospital Organization, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- DPAT Secretariat, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Ikeda
- DPAT Secretariat, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- College of Arts and Sciences, J. F. Oberlin University, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Potter TD. Pulsed-field ablation: a breakthrough treatment for atrial fibrillation. Future Cardiol 2023; 19:371-373. [PMID: 37609904 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2023-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
T De Potter leads the electrophysiology unit of the Cardiovascular Center in Aalst, Belgium, where he has practiced cardiology since 2009. He is actively involved in early-stage clinical research in the field of ablation and has performed the world's first ablation using the J&J pulsed-field ablation platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom De Potter
- Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Moorselbaan 164, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
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Wang MF, Sohn AL, Samal J, Erning K, Segura T, Muddiman DC. Lipidomic Analysis of Mouse Brain to Evaluate the Efficacy and Preservation of Different Tissue Preparatory Techniques by IR-MALDESI-MSI. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2023; 34:869-877. [PMID: 36988291 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous preparatory methods have been developed to preserve the cellular and structural integrity of various biological tissues for different -omics studies. Herein, two preparatory methods for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) were evaluated, fresh-frozen and sucrose-embedded, paraformaldehyde (PFA) fixed, in terms of ion abundance, putative lipid identifications, and preservation of analyte spatial distributions. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI)-MSI was utilized to compare the preparatory methods of interest with and without the use of the conventional ice matrix. There were 2.5-fold and 1.6-fold more lipid species putatively identified in positive- and negative-ion modes, respectively, for sucrose-embedded, PFA-fixed tissues without an ice matrix relative to the current IR-MALDESI-MSI gold-standard, fresh-frozen tissue preparation with an exogenous ice matrix. Furthermore, sucrose-embedded tissues demonstrated improved spatial distribution of ions resulting from the cryo-protective property of sucrose and paraformaldehyde fixation. Evidence from these investigations supports sucrose-embedding without ice matrix as an alternative preparatory technique for IR-MALDESI-MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Alexandria L Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Juhi Samal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Kevin Erning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David C Muddiman
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Ni CF, Lundblad R, Dykeman C, Bolante R, Łabuński W. Content analysis of psychological first aid training manuals via topic modelling. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2230110. [PMID: 37503805 PMCID: PMC10388808 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2230110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Psychological First Aid (PFA) is practiced worldwide. This practice in English is guided through a small collection of training manuals. Despite ubiquitous practice and formal training materials, little is known about what topics are covered and in what depth in these influential manuals. As such, we analyzed the topic structure of these training manuals.Objective: To model the PFA manuals' topics with the goal of identifying a set of topics with recurrent themes and evaluating the extent to which each manual demonstrated those themes.Method: This machine learning study employed an unsupervised topic modelling design using Latent Dirichlet Allocation. The variables are (1) the distribution of a word across documents and (2) the distribution of a word across topics. The level of measurement for all variables is continuous. The unit of analysis is words. Preprocessing and data analysis were carried out using the Orange Data Mining Toolbox (Demšar et al., 2013). This programme is a Python GUI.Results: Results indicated a ten-topic structure to the universe of the English PFA training manuals. These topics were: (1) Refugees, (2) Orientation Activities, (3) Community-Based Applications, (4) PTSD & Other Psychological Issues, (5) Training Materials, (6) Specific Helper Instructions, (7) PFA Scholarship, (8) MHPSS, (9) General Curriculum, and (10) Australian Specific Delivery. The depth of discourse on each topic varied widely between manuals.Conclusions: The Academics of the PFA topic shows a strong representation of the corpus and suggests current training manuals have stayed true to its evidence-supported practice. The topic of Community-Based Applications strongly represents the corpus and suggests that training models incorporate community-based applications. The scientific foundation and practical implementation of the training guides are essential elements. Limitations and implications were also discussed.
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Zhou M, Wang L, Sun P, Liu Y, Chen G, Zeng G. Delineation of molecular characteristics in pediatric PFA ependymoma involving rare osseous and pulmonary metastases: A case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1001118. [PMID: 36457507 PMCID: PMC9706190 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ependymoma is the third most common pediatric primary brain tumor, with its most aggressive subtype being posterior fossa group A (PFA). Extraneural metastasis of pediatric PFA ependymoma is rare. Herein, we present a case of a 9-year-old girl with PFA ependymoma characterized by a lack of trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 and elevated chromosome X open reading frame 67 expression. Despite multiple surgeries and radiotherapies, the patient had a rapid recurrence and developed osseous and pulmonary metastases, which may be attributed to the homozygous deletion of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor 2A/B and CDK12 mutation. Importantly, the CDK12 mutation observed in the patient may be indicative of the need for further work-up to consider chemotherapy rather than administering poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. Taken together, this is the first report of pediatric PFA ependymoma with extraneural metastases, wherein we clarified the diagnostic procedures of this newly identified PFA ependymoma and provided new cues to study the invasiveness of this disease and treatment selection for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mading Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Leiming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gao Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Schoultz M, McGrogan C, Beattie M, Macaden L, Carolan C, Polson R, Dickens G. Psychological first aid for workers in care and nursing homes: systematic review. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:96. [PMID: 35468786 PMCID: PMC9038514 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic has produced unprecedented challenges across all aspects of health and social care sectors globally. Nurses and healthcare workers in care homes have been particularly impacted due to rapid and dramatic changes to their job roles, workloads, and working environments, and residents' multimorbidity. Developed by the World Health Organisation, Psychological First Aid (PFA) is a brief training course delivering social, emotional, supportive, and pragmatic support that can reduce the initial distress after disaster and foster future adaptive functioning. OBJECTIVES This review aimed to synthesise findings from studies exploring the usefulness of PFA for the well-being of nursing and residential care home staff. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across 15 databases (Social Care Online, Kings Fund Library, Prospero, Dynamed, BMJ Best Practice, SIGN, NICE, Ovid, Proquest, Campbell Library, Clinical Trials, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Ebsco CINAHL, and Cochrane Library), identifying peer-reviewed articles published in English language from database inception to 20th June 2021. RESULTS Of the 1,159 articles screened, 1,146 were excluded at title and abstract; the remaining 13 articles were screened at full text, all of which were then excluded. CONCLUSION This review highlights that empirical evidence of the impact of PFA on the well-being of nursing and residential care home staff is absent. PFA has likely been recommended to healthcare staff during the Covid-19 pandemic. The lack of evidence found here reinforces the urgent need to conduct studies which evaluates the outcomes of PFA particularly in the care home staff population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyana Schoultz
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, England.
| | - Claire McGrogan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, England
| | - Michelle Beattie
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Leah Macaden
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Clare Carolan
- University of the Highlands and Islands, Stornoway, Scotland
| | - Rob Polson
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Geoffrey Dickens
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, England
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McDonald LK, Kurmis AP. Patellar button compatibility in the conversion of Patellofemoral Arthroplasty to a Total Knee Arthroplasty: A review of the contemporary literature. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2022; 30:10225536221084147. [PMID: 35282735 DOI: 10.1177/10225536221084147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) is a far less commonly performed operation. However, in carefully selected cohorts, PFA continues to be an appropriate treatment option for end-stage isolated patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis. In the later situation whereby a PFA is considered for conversion to a TKA - often due to disease progression - uncertainty remains regarding optimal management of the in situ patellar button. This review of the contemporary literature aimed to provide a summary of the current evidence to support surgeon decision-making, by evaluating the compatibility, efficacy, and survivorship of retained versus revised patellar buttons in PFA-to-TKA conversion. Specific focus was paid to implant design and technical considerations during revision, plus post-operative patient-reported outcomes and modes of secondary patellar component failure. METHODS A review of the Embase, Cochrane and PubMed databases was performed following PRISMA search principles. RESULTS This investigation highlights that the fate of patellar buttons in PFA-to-TKA conversion has previously been poorly studied, with scant publication data available. Most reports have been of singular cases or small cohort series. Larger formal RCTs and level 1 evidence are lacking. CONCLUSION The findings herein suggest that surgeons can confidently retain well-fixed, undamaged, dome-shaped all-polyethylene patellar buttons in the conversion of a PFA to TKA with the expectation of acceptable mid-term performance and survivorship, as long as congruent tracking with the new tibiofemoral components is achieved. This result is likely translatable to the majority of contemporary, all-polyethylene, dome-shaped patellar buttons, even with manufacturer mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew P Kurmis
- College of Medicine & Public Health, 1065Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.,Discipline of Medical Specialties, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Figueroa RA, Cortés PF, Marín H, Vergés A, Gillibrand R, Repetto P. The ABCDE psychological first aid intervention decreases early PTSD symptoms but does not prevent it: results of a randomized-controlled trial. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2031829. [PMID: 35251529 PMCID: PMC8890535 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2031829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early Psychological First Aid (PFA) has been widely recommended for preventing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, its lack of empirical evidence of safety and effectiveness has been criticized. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of PFA-ABCDE, an original PFA protocol, for preventing PTSD one month after the intervention and decreasing PTSD symptoms at one and six months of follow up. METHODS We assessed the eligibility of 1,140 adult survivors of recent trauma (≤ 72 hours) consulting five emergency departments in Chile. Two hundred twenty-one were randomized to receive either PFA-ABCDE (active listening, breathing retraining, categorization of needs, referral to ancillary services, and psychoeducation) or only psychoeducation. We used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to assess PTSD diagnosis. The Posttraumatic Checklist (PCL), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and a 0-10 points analogue visual scale were used to assess PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and immediate distress relief after the intervention. RESULTS We found no difference between the experimental and control groups in the frequency of PTSD one month after the intervention (PFA-ABCDE = 23/76 [30.3%], psychoeducation = 18/75 [24.0%], adjusted odds ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.63-3.07, p = .408). Immediately after the intervention, participants who received PFA-ABCDE reported greater distress relief (PFA-ABCDE mean = 9.06, psychoeducation mean = 8.55, Cohen's d = 0.30, p = .038). Fewer PTSD symptoms were reported by those who received PFA-ABCDE one month after the intervention (PFA-ABCDE mean = 36.26, psychoeducation mean = 43.62, Cohen's d = 0.42, p = .033). We found no difference in depressive symptoms at one-month follow up (p = .713) nor in PTSD symptoms six months after the intervention (p = .986). CONCLUSIONS PFA-ABCDE does not prevent PTSD diagnosis, but it provides immediate distress relief and decreases PTSD symptoms in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Andrés Figueroa
- Trauma & Dissociation Unit, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Research Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Management (Cigiden), Santiago, Chile, CONICYT/FONDAP/1511007
| | - Paula Francisca Cortés
- Research Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Management (Cigiden), Santiago, Chile, CONICYT/FONDAP/1511007
| | - Humberto Marín
- Research Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Management (Cigiden), Santiago, Chile, CONICYT/FONDAP/1511007
| | - Alvaro Vergés
- Research Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Management (Cigiden), Santiago, Chile, CONICYT/FONDAP/1511007.,Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Gillibrand
- Hospital Del Trabajador, Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Providencia, Chile
| | - Paula Repetto
- Research Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Management (Cigiden), Santiago, Chile, CONICYT/FONDAP/1511007.,Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Chile
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15
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Larrew T, Saway BF, Lowe SR, Olar A. Molecular Classification and Therapeutic Targets in Ependymoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246218. [PMID: 34944845 PMCID: PMC8699461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ependymoma is a biologically diverse tumor wherein molecular classification has superseded traditional histological grading based on its superior ability to characterize behavior, prognosis, and possible targeted therapies. The current, updated molecular classification of ependymoma consists of ten distinct subgroups spread evenly among the spinal, infratentorial, and supratentorial compartments, each with its own distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. In this review, the history, histopathology, standard of care, prognosis, oncogenic drivers, and hypothesized molecular targets for all subgroups of ependymoma are explored. This review emphasizes that despite the varied behavior of the ependymoma subgroups, it remains clear that research must be performed to further elucidate molecular targets for these tumors. Although not all ependymoma subgroups are oncologically aggressive, development of targeted therapies is essential, particularly for cases where surgical resection is not an option without causing significant morbidity. The development of molecular therapies must rely on building upon our current understanding of ependymoma oncogenesis, as well as cultivating transfer of knowledge based on malignancies with similar genomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Larrew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (T.L.); (B.F.S.)
| | - Brian Fabian Saway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (T.L.); (B.F.S.)
| | | | - Adriana Olar
- NOMIX Laboratories, Denver, CO 80218, USA
- Correspondence: or
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16
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Gracia Villacampa E, Larsson L, Mirzazadeh R, Kvastad L, Andersson A, Mollbrink A, Kokaraki G, Monteil V, Schultz N, Appelberg KS, Montserrat N, Zhang H, Penninger JM, Miesbach W, Mirazimi A, Carlson J, Lundeberg J. Genome-wide spatial expression profiling in formalin-fixed tissues. Cell Genom 2021; 1:100065. [PMID: 36776149 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2021.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Formalin-fixed paraffin embedding (FFPE) is the most widespread long-term tissue preservation approach. Here, we report a procedure to perform genome-wide spatial analysis of mRNA in FFPE-fixed tissue sections, using well-established, commercially available methods for imaging and spatial barcoding using slides spotted with barcoded oligo(dT) probes to capture the 3' end of mRNA molecules in tissue sections. We applied this method for expression profiling and cell type mapping in coronal sections from the mouse brain to demonstrate the method's capability to delineate anatomical regions from a molecular perspective. We also profiled the spatial composition of transcriptomic signatures in two ovarian carcinosarcoma samples, exemplifying the method's potential to elucidate molecular mechanisms in heterogeneous clinical samples. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the assay to characterize human lung and kidney organoids and a human lung biopsy specimen infected with SARS-CoV-2. We anticipate that genome-wide spatial gene expression profiling in FFPE biospecimens will be used for retrospective analysis of biobank samples, which will facilitate longitudinal studies of biological processes and biomarker discovery.
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17
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Abstract
A disaster is commonly thought of as an occurrence that results in property damage and physical injuries that exceed the response capabilities of local resources. History teaches that disasters also result in a surge in demand for psychological support amongst survivors and disaster responders. This surge quickly exceeds local response capacities and has the potential to exceed even the mental health resources that may be imported from neighbouring jurisdictions and disaster relief agencies. Efficient and effective acute mental health intervention is, therefore, needed. However, the effectiveness of traditional multi-session counselling during and shortly after disasters has been questioned. Instead, the utilization of efficient and effective crisis-focussed psychological interventions has been suggested as acute phase alternatives. This paper asserts psychological first aid (PFA) may be considered a specific crisis-focussed disaster mental health intervention for use during and after disasters. PFA is designed for use in assessing and mitigating acute distress, while serving as a platform for psychological triage complementing more traditional psychological and psychiatric interventions. PFA may be employed by mental health clinicians as well as 'peer responders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Everly
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Asaoka H, Koido Y, Kawashima Y, Ikeda M, Miyamoto Y, Nishi D. Longitudinal Change of Psychological Distress among Healthcare Professionals with and without Psychological First Aid Training Experience during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12474. [PMID: 34886199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare longitudinal change of the psychological distress of a group with psychological first aid (PFA) experience and a group without PFA experience among physicians and other healthcare professionals from before the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to during the pandemic. The baseline survey was conducted in January 2020 (T1). The respondents in T1 were invited to participate in March (T2) and November 2020 (T3). Psychological distress was assessed by the Kessler 6 Scale. Participants were divided into two categories: a group with and a group without PFA experience. Participants were further divided between physicians and healthcare professionals other than physicians, because physicians are more likely to experience morally injurious events. A mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted as an indicator of the group differences. In T1, 398 healthcare professionals participated. The longitudinal analysis of healthcare professionals other than physicians showed that psychological distress was significantly greater in the group without PFA experience than in the group with PFA experience (T1 vs. T3). This study showed psychological distress among healthcare professionals other than physicians was significantly greater in the group without PFA experience than in the group with PFA experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the results were not consistent among physicians.
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19
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Balta I, Stef L, Pet I, Iancu T, Stef D, Corcionivoschi N. Essential Fatty Acids as Biomedicines in Cardiac Health. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1466. [PMID: 34680583 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The destructive impact of cardiovascular diseases on health, including heart failure, peripheral artery disease, atherosclerosis, stroke, and other cardiac pathological conditions, positions these health conditions as leading causes of increased global mortality rates, thereby impacting the human quality of life. The considerable changes in modern lifestyles, including the increase in food intake and the change in eating habits, will unavoidably lead to an unbalanced consumption of essential fatty acids, with a direct effect on cardiovascular health problems. In the last decade, essential fatty acids have become the main focus of scientific research in medical fields aiming to establish their impact for preventing cardiovascular diseases and the associated risk factors. Specifically, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as omega 3 fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids from various sources are mentioned in the literature as having a cardio-protective role, due to various biological mechanisms that are still to be clarified. This review aims to describe the major biological mechanisms of how diets rich in essential fatty acids, or simply essential fatty acid administration, could have anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, anti-arrhythmic, antithrombotic, antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic effects. This review describes findings originating from clinical studies in which dietary sources of FAs were tested for their role in mitigating the impact of heart disorders in human health.
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20
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Duan R, Goldmann L, Brandl R, Spannagl M, Weber C, Siess W, von Hundelshausen P. Effects of the Btk-Inhibitors Remibrutinib (LOU064) and Rilzabrutinib (PRN1008) With Varying Btk Selectivity Over Tec on Platelet Aggregation and in vitro Bleeding Time. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:749022. [PMID: 34631841 PMCID: PMC8498029 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.749022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) are used in B-cell malignancies and in development against various autoimmune diseases. Since Btk is also involved in specific pathways of platelet activation, BTKi might be considered to target platelet GPVI/GPIb-mediated atherothrombosis and platelet FcγRIIA-dependent immune disorders. However, BTKi treatment of patients with B-cell malignancies is frequently associated with mild bleeding events caused possibly by off-target inhibition of Tec. Here, we compared the platelet effects of two novel BTKi that exhibit a high (remibrutinib) or low (rilzabrutinib) selectivity for Btk over Tec. Methods and Results: Remibrutinib and rilzabrutinib were pre-incubated with anticoagulated blood. Platelet aggregation and in vitro bleeding time (closure time) were studied by multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) and platelet-function analyzer-200 (PFA-200), respectively. Both BTKi inhibited atherosclerotic plaque-stimulated GPVI-mediated platelet aggregation, remibrutinib being more potent (IC50 = 0.03 μM) than rilzabrutinib (IC50 = 0.16 μM). Concentrations of remibrutinib (0.1 μM) and rilzabrutinib (0.5 μM), >80% inhibitory for plaque-induced aggregation, also significantly suppressed (>90%) the Btk-dependent pathways of platelet aggregation upon GPVI, von Willebrand factor/GPIb and FcγRIIA activation stimulated by low collagen concentrations, ristocetin and antibody cross-linking, respectively. Both BTKi did not inhibit aggregation stimulated by ADP, TRAP-6 or arachidonic acid. Remibrutinib (0.1 μM) only slightly prolonged closure time and significantly less than rilzabrutinib (0.5 μM). Conclusion: Remibrutinib and rilzabrutinib inhibit Btk-dependent pathways of platelet aggregation upon GPVI, VWF/GPIb, and FcγRIIA activation. Remibrutinib being more potent and showing a better profile of inhibition of Btk-dependent platelet activation vs. hemostatic impairment than rilzabrutinib may be considered for further development as an antiplatelet drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundan Duan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Luise Goldmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Brandl
- Institute for Vascular Surgery and Phlebology am Marienplatz, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Spannagl
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Siess
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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21
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Baroni LV, Sundaresan L, Heled A, Coltin H, Pajtler KW, Lin T, Merchant TE, McLendon R, Faria C, Buntine M, White CL, Pfister SM, Gilbert MR, Armstrong TS, Bouffet E, Kumar S, Taylor MD, Aldape KD, Ellison DW, Gottardo NG, Kool M, Korshunov A, Hansford JR, Ramaswamy V. Ultra high-risk PFA ependymoma is characterized by loss of chromosome 6q. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1360-1370. [PMID: 33580238 PMCID: PMC8328032 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within PF-EPN-A, 1q gain is a marker of poor prognosis, however, it is unclear if within PF-EPN-A additional cytogenetic events exist which can refine risk stratification. METHODS Five independent non-overlapping cohorts of PF-EPN-A were analyzed applying genome-wide methylation arrays for chromosomal and clinical variables predictive of survival. RESULTS Across all cohorts, 663 PF-EPN-A were identified. The most common broad copy number event was 1q gain (18.9%), followed by 6q loss (8.6%), 9p gain (6.5%), and 22q loss (6.8%). Within 1q gain tumors, there was significant enrichment for 6q loss (17.7%), 10q loss (16.9%), and 16q loss (15.3%). The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was strikingly worse in those patients with 6q loss, with a 5-year PFS of 50% (95% CI 45%-55%) for balanced tumors, compared with 32% (95% CI 24%-44%) for 1q gain only, 7.3% (95% CI 2.0%-27%) for 6q loss only and 0 for both 1q gain and 6q loss (P = 1.65 × 10-13). After accounting for treatment, 6q loss remained the most significant independent predictor of survival in PF-EPN-A but is not in PF-EPN-B. Distant relapses were more common in 1q gain irrespective of 6q loss. RNA sequencing comparing 6q loss to 6q balanced PF-EPN-A suggests that 6q loss forms a biologically distinct group. CONCLUSIONS We have identified an ultra high-risk PF-EPN-A ependymoma subgroup, which can be reliably ascertained using cytogenetic markers in routine clinical use. A change in treatment paradigm is urgently needed for this particular subset of PF-EPN-A where novel therapies should be prioritized for upfront therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena V Baroni
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Programme in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lakshmikirupa Sundaresan
- Programme in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ayala Heled
- Programme in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hallie Coltin
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Programme in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas E Merchant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roger McLendon
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claudia Faria
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Molly Buntine
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Terri S Armstrong
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Programme in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Programme in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth D Aldape
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicholas G Gottardo
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jordan R Hansford
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Programme in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Nowland TL, Stanley D, Kirkwood RN, Torok VA, Bajagai YS, Gannon NJ, Plush KJ. Maternal supplementation with phytogenic additives influenced the faecal microbiota and reproductive potential in sows. AMB Express 2021; 11:107. [PMID: 34264424 PMCID: PMC8282833 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sows undergo physiological stress during gestation and lactation, potentially leading to enteric dysbiosis and reduced reproductive potential. Phytogenic additives (PFs) may improve performance via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. This study determined whether the provision of a gestation/lactation diet containing PAs would alter the gastrointestinal microbiota of sows and their piglets, and improve performance. Sows received a commercial diet throughout gestation and lactation (CTR; n = 64), a commercial diet throughout gestation and a diet containing PAs in lactation (CTR-PA; n = 63) or a commercial diet containing PAs in gestation and lactation (PA; n = 90). Sows were weighed and backfat recorded after mating and at entry and exit from the farrowing house and piglets were weighed on days 1 and 21 of life. Faecal samples collected from sows at farrowing house entry and piglets at 21 and 35 d were subjected to 16 S rRNA gene amplicon analysis. The addition of PAs to sow diets resulted in more piglets born (P = 0.03), however, it did not improve the number of liveborn piglets (P = 0.14). There were no differences in sow weight, P2 backfat depth or lactation feed intake observed. PAs had no effect on piglet weight or survival to weaning but did alter the faecal microbiota of sows, and this change was observed in piglets at 21 and 35 d. PA supplementation to sows has the potential to increase litter size, while also potentially influencing gastrointestinal tract health of the sow and piglets reared.
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23
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Rostam N, Dosch R. Glyoxal Fixation as an Alternative for Zebrafish Embryo Immunostaining. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2218:245-252. [PMID: 33606236 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0970-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry has been widely used as a robust technique to determine the cellular and subcellular localization of proteins. This information ultimately helps to understand the function of these proteins and how biological processes are regulated. Antibodies applicable for labeling in zebrafish are limited, making immuno-staining challenging. Recently glyoxal fixation was rediscovered in tissue culture, mouse, rat, and Drosophila, expanding the list of effective antibodies for these species. Here, we compare a protocol for zebrafish staining using glyoxal as a fixative agent with PFA. We demonstrate that glyoxal fixation improves the antigenicity of some epitopes thereby increasing the number of useful antibodies in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rostam
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani (UoS), Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.
| | - Roland Dosch
- Institute for Developmental Biochemistry, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
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24
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Jeong SH, Schneider B, Pyne AS, Tishelman JC, Strickland SM. Patellofemoral Arthroplasty Surgical Technique: Lateral or Medial Parapatellar Approach. J Arthroplasty 2020; 35:2429-2434. [PMID: 32444231 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) is an emerging treatment for patients with isolated patellofemoral compartment osteoarthritis. The medial parapatellar approach is the standard arthrotomy but has been shown in total knee arthroplasty to damage the patellar blood supply and increase postoperative patellar instability. The lateral parapatellar approach is an alternative that may reduce the risk of these outcomes. The purpose of this study is to compare the radiographic measures of patellar tracking and patient-reported outcomes of the medial and lateral parapatellar approaches in PFA. METHODS Between 2012 and 2019, a retrospective review was performed of 136 knees undergoing PFA at a single institution. Patients were separated by preoperative congruence angle and then surgical approach into 3 cohorts. Preoperative and postoperative patellar tilt and congruence angle were measured. Preoperative and minimum 6-month postoperative patient-reported outcomes scores were collected. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the mean postoperative congruence angle and postoperative patient-reported outcomes among the 3 cohorts. Mean postoperative patellar tilt was normalized only in the abnormal congruence angle/lateral approach group to 2.80° (standard error, 1.85). CONCLUSION Congruence angle was improved regardless of surgical approach. Patellar tilt was normalized only for the lateral approach in patients with abnormal preoperative congruence angle. There were no significant differences in preoperative and postoperative scores between groups except for preoperative 12-item Short Form Mental Health Survey scores. This study supports that the lateral approach offers improved postoperative patellar tilt compared to a medial approach for PFA while achieving similar patient-reported outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy H Jeong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon Schneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abigail S Pyne
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jared C Tishelman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabrina M Strickland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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Dahella SS, Briggs JS, Coombes P, Farajidavar N, Meredith P, Bonnici T, Darbyshire JL, Watkinson PJ. Implementing a system for the real-time risk assessment of patients considered for intensive care. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:161. [PMID: 32677936 PMCID: PMC7366315 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-01176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delay in identifying deterioration in hospitalised patients is associated with delayed admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and poor outcomes. For the HAVEN project (HICF ref.: HICF-R9-524), we have developed a mathematical model that identifies deterioration in hospitalised patients in real time and facilitates the intervention of an ICU outreach team. This paper describes the system that has been designed to implement the model. We have used innovative technologies such as Portable Format for Analytics (PFA) and Open Services Gateway initiative (OSGi) to define the predictive statistical model and implement the system respectively for greater configurability, reliability, and availability. RESULTS The HAVEN system has been deployed as part of a research project in the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. The system has so far processed > 164,000 vital signs observations and > 68,000 laboratory results for > 12,500 patients and the algorithm generated score is being evaluated to review patients who are under consideration for transfer to ICU. No clinical decisions are being made based on output from the system. The HAVEN score has been computed using a PFA model for all these patients. The intent is that this score will be displayed on a graphical user interface for clinician review and response. CONCLUSIONS The system uses a configurable PFA model to compute the HAVEN score which makes the system easily upgradable in terms of enhancing systems' predictive capability. Further system enhancements are planned to handle new data sources and additional management screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simarjot S Dahella
- Centre for Healthcare Modelling and Informatics, University of Portsmouth, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth, PO1 3HE, UK
| | - James S Briggs
- Centre for Healthcare Modelling and Informatics, University of Portsmouth, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth, PO1 3HE, UK.
| | - Paul Coombes
- IM&T, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nazli Farajidavar
- Department of Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Paul Meredith
- Research & Innovation, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, PO6 3LY, UK
| | - Timothy Bonnici
- Critical Care Department, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Julie L Darbyshire
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Peter J Watkinson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Ping NPT, Shoesmith WD, James S, Nor Hadi NM, Yau EKB, Lin LJ. Ultra Brief Psychological Interventions for COVID-19 Pandemic: Introduction of a Locally-Adapted Brief Intervention for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Service. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:51-56. [PMID: 32788841 PMCID: PMC7409577 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultra-brief psychological interventions (UBPI) was created in 2018 to empower healthcare providers with psychological skills that can be delivered within a short period. Techniques used within UBPI were adopted from a variety of well established psychotherapies and distilled into its core essentials. This enabled practitioners of UBPI to deliver specific psychological skills in the appropriate context to the client within a period of 15-20 min. UBPI was also manualised to standardised training of practitioners. During the novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, UBPI was modified to suit the unique psychological demands of the pandemic. This article presents how UBPI was adapted and used with healthcare providers dealing with COVID-19 and also with the public who required psychological first aid (PFA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandi James
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Noor Melissa Nor Hadi
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Eugene Koh Boon Yau
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Loo Jiann Lin
- Queensway Clinic, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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Dejour D, Saffarini M, Malemo Y, Pungitore M, Valluy J, Nover L, Demey G. Early outcomes of an anatomic trochlear-cutting patellofemoral arthroplasty: patient selection is key. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:2297-2302. [PMID: 30721343 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to report outcomes of a recent anatomic trochlear-cutting patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) system at > 3 years. The hypothesis was that its functional scores and revision rates would be at least equivalent to those reported for other 'trochlear-cutting' implants in the literature. METHODS Twenty-eight consecutive patients that had received PFA using the same anatomic trochlear-cutting implant (KneeTech PFJ, Corin-Tornier, Montbonnot, France) with a dome-shaped patellar button and had systematic lateral facetectomy without lateral release were enrolled. Radiographic parameters collected pre-operatively included: trochlear dysplasia type and patellar height, TT-TG, patellar tilt and shape. Clinical scores collected pre-operatively and at > 3 years included: Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Knee Society Score (KSS). RESULTS The initial cohort comprised 23 women (82%) and five men (18%), aged 63.3 ± 14.7 years, of which 23 had trochlear dysplasia (82%). One patient (4%) could not be reached, and three (11%) were revised to TKA due to arthritic progression, aged 77, 80 and 83 years at index operation, only one of which had trochlear dysplasia (type A). At final follow-up, none of the remaining 24 patients had complications; their OKS was 35.0 ± 10.3 and KSS symptoms and function were 19.8 ± 5.0 and 71.7 ± 13.6. CONCLUSION The anatomic trochlear-cutting PFA granted satisfactory scores and prevented mechanical complications, but the high incidence of early revisions, all due to spread of arthritis hence to improper patient selection. PFA should be restricted to patients with trochlear dysplasia, in whom arthritis was triggered by patellar instability and maltracking rather than degenerative or age-related diseases. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series, Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dejour
- Ramsay Général de Santé, Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, 29 avenue des Sources, 69009, Lyon, France
| | - Mo Saffarini
- ReSurg SA, Chemin de Vuarpilliere 35, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland.
| | - Yves Malemo
- Ramsay Général de Santé, Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, 29 avenue des Sources, 69009, Lyon, France
| | - Marco Pungitore
- Ramsay Général de Santé, Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, 29 avenue des Sources, 69009, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremy Valluy
- ReSurg SA, Chemin de Vuarpilliere 35, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Luca Nover
- ReSurg SA, Chemin de Vuarpilliere 35, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Demey
- Ramsay Général de Santé, Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, 29 avenue des Sources, 69009, Lyon, France
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Khan MI, Abbas YM, Fares G. Simplex-Lattice Hydration Prediction and Microstructure Verification of Cementitious Systems. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E490. [PMID: 30764508 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation, the age-dependent hydration development of blended pastes containing Portland cement (PC), pulverized fuel ash (PFA) and silica fume (SF) was assessed by quantifying the amount of CH and non-evaporable water using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Microstructure was investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was observed that the amount of liberated CH increases up to three-days in PC-PFA binary blended pastes, after which it progressively decreases and this reduction was proportional to the PFA dosage. The introduction of SF to PC-PFA binary mixtures to form ternary blended pastes has caused an early reduction of CH at one day where the majority of SF has been consumed during the first seven-days. The incorporation of 10% SF to PC-PFA pastes altered the low rate of hydration at early age. In addition, the presence of PFA showed insignificant influence on the non-evaporable water content until three-days then its effect became significant after seven-days. On the other hand, SF increased the non-evaporable water content from early ages up to seven-days. However, beyond 28 days, the presence of SF did not exhibit further pozzolanic activity. Furthermore, the ternary blended systems significantly increased the non-evaporable water content within three to seven days compared to the reference paste. Moreover, prediction nonlinear models of these hydration parameters were developed using the simplex-lattice design and validated against the experimental results. The latter have been further supported with SEM microstructural analysis showing good agreement between the predicted and realistic hydration.
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Ye Q, Zhang J, Guo P, Fan H, Shchukin D, Wei B, Wang H. Wet-Chemical Synthesis of Surface-Passivated Halide Perovskite Microwires for Improved Optoelectronic Performance and Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:43850-43856. [PMID: 30525368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) halide perovskite materials with intrinsic high carrier mobility and long diffusion length hold great promises for high-performance optoelectronic devices, in which the passivation of the surface defects is of significance for further boosting its optoelectronic performance as well as its moisture stability. Herein, we demonstrate a simple room-temperature wet-chemical synthetic protocol for perovskite microwires with controlled morphologies and passivated surface states. This strategy allows for facile assembly of hydrophobic 1 H,1 H-perfluorooctylamine (PFA) molecules on the surface of the perovskite microwires owing to the coordination binding between the amino groups of PFA and Pb2+. Both steady and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements revealed that the passivation of PFA greatly benefit for the inhibition of the photogenerated carriers recombination. The constructed perovskite microwire-based photodetectors have shown increased detectivity of 4.99 × 1011 jones and responsivity of 1.27 A/W (light power density of 1 mW/cm2). Moreover, the hydrophobic fluorocarbon alkyl chains endow the perovskite microwires with higher resistance toward moisture. Such coating of a water-resisting layer resulted in greatly enhanced stability of perovskite microwires under the humidity of 55 ± 5% over 30 days. We thus believe that our work is of importance for the development of 1D halide perovskite photodetectors with highly improved performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU) , Xi'an 710072 , P. R. China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen , P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU) , Xi'an 710072 , P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU) , Xi'an 710072 , P. R. China
| | - Haibo Fan
- School of Physics , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Dmitry Shchukin
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , U.K
- NPU-UoL International Joint Lab of Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy Applications , Xi'an 710072 , P. R. China
| | - Bingqing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU) , Xi'an 710072 , P. R. China
- NPU-UoL International Joint Lab of Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy Applications , Xi'an 710072 , P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU) , Xi'an 710072 , P. R. China
- NPU-UoL International Joint Lab of Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy Applications , Xi'an 710072 , P. R. China
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Fiedler IAK, Casanova M, Keplinger T, Busse B, Müller R. Effect of short-term formaldehyde fixation on Raman spectral parameters of bone quality. J Biomed Opt 2018; 23:1-6. [PMID: 30499261 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.11.116504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Medical knowledge of the skeleton including its structures has improved constantly over the past decades. Advanced imaging methods, mechanical testing and optical techniques have revealed insights into bone architecture and composition. Most of these advancements were possible due to the ex vivo investigation of biological tissues. Investigations of fresh tissue are generally preferred over preserved or fixed samples. However, chemical fixation is sometimes inevitable due to histological procedures or logistical reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate whether short-term chemical fixation with formaldehyde affects bone quality parameters obtained from Raman spectroscopy and if these effects last for intermediate sample storage of several hours. As formaldehyde induces cross-links to the organic components in bone tissue, we hypothesized that collagen-related parameters are particularly affected. Femurs of eight 17-week-old C57BL/6 mice were extracted and divided into two groups (N = 8 / group). Samples of the first group were fixed by immersion in 4% formaldehyde (PFA-solution) for 12 h at 4°C (fixed group) while samples of the second group were left untreated (unfixed group). Raman spectroscopy was performed, and repeated after 4 h, to assess whether intermediate storage time influenced the obtained results. Based on resultant spectra, mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, carbonate-to-amide I ratio, mineral crystallinity and collagen maturity were determined. Carbonate-to-phosphate ratio was the only parameter showing a significant difference between the first and the subsequent measurements. For both groups, ratios showed a decrease in carbonate substitution compared to the first measurement (percentage decrease: 3.1% in fixed, 4.7% in unfixed). Collagen maturity of samples, which were short-term fixed with formaldehyde, was significantly lower than of fresh, unfixed samples (percentage difference: 3.8%). Our study shows that Raman spectroscopy is able to detect changes in collagen structure initiated by formaldehyde and that changes in short-term fixed samples are minimally influencing bone material properties measured with Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke A K Fiedler
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomechanics, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Keplinger
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Building Materials, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Björn Busse
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Müller
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomechanics, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cavalli FMG, Hübner JM, Sharma T, Luu B, Sill M, Zapotocky M, Mack SC, Witt H, Lin T, Shih DJH, Ho B, Santi M, Emery L, Hukin J, Dunham C, McLendon RE, Lipp ES, Gururangan S, Grossbach A, French P, Kros JM, van Veelen MC, Rao AAN, Giannini C, Leary S, Jung S, Faria CC, Mora J, Schüller U, Alonso MM, Chan JA, Klekner A, Chambless LB, Hwang EI, Massimino M, Eberhart CG, Karajannis MA, Lu B, Liau LM, Zollo M, Ferrucci V, Carlotti C, Tirapelli DPC, Tabori U, Bouffet E, Ryzhova M, Ellison DW, Merchant TE, Gilbert MR, Armstrong TS, Korshunov A, Pfister SM, Taylor MD, Aldape K, Pajtler KW, Kool M, Ramaswamy V. Heterogeneity within the PF-EPN-B ependymoma subgroup. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:227-37. [PMID: 30019219 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Posterior fossa ependymoma comprise three distinct molecular variants, termed PF-EPN-A (PFA), PF-EPN-B (PFB), and PF-EPN-SE (subependymoma). Clinically, they are very disparate and PFB tumors are currently being considered for a trial of radiation avoidance. However, to move forward, unraveling the heterogeneity within PFB would be highly desirable. To discern the molecular heterogeneity within PFB, we performed an integrated analysis consisting of DNA methylation profiling, copy-number profiling, gene expression profiling, and clinical correlation across a cohort of 212 primary posterior fossa PFB tumors. Unsupervised spectral clustering and t-SNE analysis of genome-wide methylation data revealed five distinct subtypes of PFB tumors, termed PFB1-5, with distinct demographics, copy-number alterations, and gene expression profiles. All PFB subtypes were distinct from PFA and posterior fossa subependymomas. Of the five subtypes, PFB4 and PFB5 are more discrete, consisting of younger and older patients, respectively, with a strong female-gender enrichment in PFB5 (age: p = 0.011, gender: p = 0.04). Broad copy-number aberrations were common; however, many events such as chromosome 2 loss, 5 gain, and 17 loss were enriched in specific subtypes and 1q gain was enriched in PFB1. Late relapses were common across all five subtypes, but deaths were uncommon and present in only two subtypes (PFB1 and PFB3). Unlike the case in PFA ependymoma, 1q gain was not a robust marker of poor progression-free survival; however, chromosome 13q loss may represent a novel marker for risk stratification across the spectrum of PFB subtypes. Similar to PFA ependymoma, there exists a significant intertumoral heterogeneity within PFB, with distinct molecular subtypes identified. Even when accounting for this heterogeneity, extent of resection remains the strongest predictor of poor outcome. However, this biological heterogeneity must be accounted for in future preclinical modeling and personalized therapies.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe current indications, implants, economic benefits, comparison to TKA, and functional and patient-reported outcomes of patellofemoral arthroplasty. RECENT FINDINGS Modern onlay implants and improved patient selection have allowed for recent improvements in short- and long-term outcomes after patellofemoral joint replacement surgery. Patellofemoral arthroplasty has become an increasingly utilized technique for the successful treatment of isolated patellofemoral arthritis. Advances in patient selection, implant design, and surgical technique have resulted in improved performance and longevity of these implants. Although short- and mid-term data for modern patellofemoral arthroplasties appear promising, further long-term clinical studies are needed to evaluate how new designs and technologies will affect patient outcomes and long-term implant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M Strickland
- The Patellofemoral Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Mackenzie L Bird
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA
| | - Alexander B Christ
- Division of Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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Jolhe PD, Bhanvase BA, Patil VS, Sonawane SH, Potoroko I. Ultrasound assisted synthesis of performic acid in a continuous flow microstructured reactor. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 39:153-159. [PMID: 28732932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work establishes in depth study of ultrasound assisted preparation of performic acid (PFA) in a continuous flow microstructured reactor. The influence of various parameters viz. formic acid: hydrogen peroxide molar ratio, flow rate, temperature and catalyst loading on the PFA formation were studied in a continuous flow microstructured reactor. In a continuous microstructured reactor in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation, the formation of PFA was found to be dependent on the molar ratio of formic acid: hydrogen peroxide, flow rate of reactants, temperature and catalyst loading (Amberlite IR-120H). The optimized parameter values are 1:1M ratio, 50mL/h, 40°C and 471mg/cm3 respectively. Further, the performance of Amberlite IR-120H catalyst was evaluated for three successive cycles in continuous microstructured reactor. The performance of catalyst was found to be decreased with the usage of the catalyst and is attributed to neutralization of the sulfonic acid groups, catalyst shrinkage, or loss in pore sites. The experimental results revealed that, for an ultrasound assisted synthesis of PFA in continuous microstructured reactor the observed reaction time was even less than 10min. The observed intensification in the PFA synthesis process can be attributed to the intense collapse of the cavities formed at low temperature during ultrasonic irradiations, which further improved the heat and mass transfer rates with the formation of H2O2 during the reaction. The combined use of ultrasound and a continuous flow microstructured reactor has proved beneficial process of performic acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Jolhe
- University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, MS, India
| | - B A Bhanvase
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, MS, India
| | - V S Patil
- University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, MS, India
| | - S H Sonawane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, Telangana State, India.
| | - I Potoroko
- Graduate School of Medical and Biological Head, The Department of Food and Biotechnology FGAOU VO "South Ural State University" (NIU), Russia
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van der List JP, Chawla H, Zuiderbaan HA, Pearle AD. Survivorship and functional outcomes of patellofemoral arthroplasty: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:2622-31. [PMID: 26590562 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Historically poor results of survivorship and functional outcomes of patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) have been reported in the setting of isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis. More recently, however, fairly good results of PFA were reported, but the current status of PFA outcomes is unknown. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to assess overall PFA survivorship and functional outcomes. METHODS A search was performed using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane systems, and the registries were searched. Twenty-three cohort studies and one registry reported survivorship using Kaplan-Meier curve, while 51 cohort studies reported functional outcomes of PFA. RESULTS Twelve studies were level II studies, while 45 studies were level III or IV studies. Heterogeneity was mainly seen in type of prosthesis and year the cohort started. Nine hundred revisions in 9619 PFAs were reported yielding 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-year PFA survivorships of 91.7, 83.3, 74.9 and 66.6 %, respectively, and an annual revision rate of 2.18. Functional outcomes were reported in 2587 PFAs with an overall score of 82.2 % of the maximum score. KSS and Knee Function Score were 87.5 and 81.6 %, respectively. CONCLUSION This systematic review showed that fairly good results of PFA survivorship and functional outcomes were reported at short- and midterm follow-up in the setting of isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Heterogeneity existed mainly in prosthesis design and year the cohort started. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results provide a clear overview of the current status of PFA in the setting of isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the tail of histone H3 (K27M) are frequently found in pediatric midline high-grade glioma's but have rarely been reported in other malignancies. Recently, recurrent somatic nucleotide variants in histone H3 (H3 K27M) have been reported in group A posterior fossa ependymoma (EPN_PFA), an entity previously described to have no recurrent mutations. However, the true incidence of H3 K27M mutations in EPN_PFA is unknown. METHODS In order to discern the frequency of K27M mutations in histone H3 in EPN_PFA, we analyzed 151 EPN_PFA previously profiled with genome-wide methylation arrays using a validated droplet digital PCR assay. RESULTS We identified only 1 case out of 151 EPN_PFA harboring the K27M mutation indicating that histone mutations are extremely rare in EPN_PFA. Morphologically, this single mutated case is clearly consistent with an ependymoma, and the presence of the K27M mutation was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. DISCUSSION K27M mutations are extremely rare in EPN_PFA. Routine evaluation of K27M mutations in EPN_PFA is of limited utility, and is unlikely to have any bearing on prognosis and/or future risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ryall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miguel Guzman
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Pathology Department, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samer K Elbabaa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Betty Luu
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michal Zapotocky
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Reserch Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Zhu H, Reynolds LB, Menassa R. A hyper-thermostable α-amylase from Pyrococcus furiosus accumulates in Nicotiana tabacum as functional aggregates. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:53. [PMID: 28629346 PMCID: PMC5477289 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha amylase hydrolyzes α-bonds of polysaccharides such as starch and produces malto-oligosaccharides. Its starch saccharification applications make it an essential enzyme in the textile, food and brewing industries. Commercially available α-amylase is mostly produced from Bacillus or Aspergillus. A hyper-thermostable and Ca 2++ independent α-amylase from Pyrococcus furiosus (PFA) expressed in E.coli forms insoluble inclusion bodies and thus is not feasible for industrial applications. RESULTS We expressed PFA in Nicotiana tabacum and found that plant-produced PFA forms functional aggregates with an accumulation level up to 3.4 g/kg FW (fresh weight) in field conditions. The aggregates are functional without requiring refolding and therefore have potential to be applied as homogenized plant tissue without extraction or purification. PFA can also be extracted from plant tissue upon dissolution in a mild reducing buffer containing SDS. Like the enzyme produced in P. furiosus and in E. coli, plant produced PFA preserves hyper-thermophilicity and hyper-thermostability and has a long shelf life when stored in lyophilized leaf tissue. With tobacco's large biomass and high yield, hyper-thermostable α-amylase was produced at a scale of 42 kg per hectare. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco may be a suitable bioreactor for industrial production of active hyperthermostable alpha amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario Canada
| | - L. Bruce Reynolds
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario Canada
| | - Rima Menassa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada
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Alisic E, Tyler MP, Giummarra MJ, Kassam-Adams R, Gouweloos J, Landolt MA, Kassam-Adams N. Trauma-informed care for children in the ambulance: international survey among pre-hospital providers. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2017; 8:1273587. [PMID: 28326162 PMCID: PMC5328382 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2016.1273587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pre-hospital providers, such as paramedics and emergency medical technicians, are in a position to provide key emotional support to injured children and their families. Objective: Our goal was to examine (a) pre-hospital providers' knowledge of traumatic stress in children, attitudes towards psychosocial aspects of care, and confidence in providing psychosocial care, (b) variations in knowledge, attitudes, and confidence according to demographic and professional characteristics, and (c) training preferences of pre-hospital providers regarding psychosocial care to support paediatric patients and their families. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional, online survey among an international sample of 812 pre-hospital providers from high-income countries. The questionnaire was adapted from a measure for a similar study among Emergency Department staff, and involved 62 items in 7 main categories (e.g. personal and work characteristics, knowledge of paediatric traumatic stress, and confidence regarding 18 elements of psychosocial care). The main analyses comprised descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses. Results: On average, respondents answered 2.7 (SD = 1.59) out of seven knowledge questions correctly. Respondents with higher knowledge scores were more often female, parent of a child under 17, and reported that at least 10% of their patients were children. A majority of participants (83.5%) saw all 18 aspects of psychosocial care as part of their job. Providers felt moderately confident (M = 3.2, SD = 0.45) regarding their skills in psychosocial care, which was predicted by gender (female), having more experience, having a larger proportion of child patients, and having received training in psychosocial care in the past five years. Most respondents (89.7%) wanted to gain more knowledge and skills regarding psychosocial care for injured children. In terms of training format, they preferred an interactive website or a one-off group training. Conclusions: There appears to be both a need and an opportunity for education initiatives regarding paediatric traumatic stress in the pre-hospital context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Alisic
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark P Tyler
- School of Psychological Science and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; School of Psychology and Public Health, Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melita J Giummarra
- Institute of Safety, Compensation & Recovery Research, Melbourne, Australia; Caulfield Pain Management & Research Centre, Caulfield Hospital, Caulfield, Australia; Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rahim Kassam-Adams
- College of Science and Technology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Juul Gouweloos
- Impact, National Knowledge and Advice Centre for Psychosocial Care Concerning Critical Incidents, Partner in Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus A Landolt
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nancy Kassam-Adams
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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van der List JP, Chawla H, Villa JC, Pearle AD. Why do patellofemoral arthroplasties fail today? A systematic review. Knee 2017; 24:2-8. [PMID: 27825938 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically poor results of patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) were reported in the setting of isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA). In order to lower PFA failure rates, it is important to identify failure modes using a standardized method. In this systematic review, PFA failure modes were assessed and compared in early vs. late failures and older vs. recent studies. METHODS Databases of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane and annual registries were searched for studies reporting PFA failures. Failure modes in studies with mean follow-up <5years were classified as early failures while >5years were classified late failures. Cohorts started before 2000 were classified as older studies and started after 2000 as recent studies. RESULTS Thirty-nine cohort studies (10 level II and 29 level III or IV studies) and three registries were included with overall low quality of studies (GRADE criteria). A total of 938 PFA failures were included and were caused by OA progression (38%), pain (16%), aseptic loosening (14%) and patellar maltracking (10%). Pain was responsible for most early failures (31%), while OA progression was most common in late failures (46%). In older studies, OA progression was more commonly reported as failure mode than in more recent studies (53% vs. 39%, p=0.005). CONCLUSION This level IV systematic review with low quality of studies identified OA progression and pain as major failure modes. Reviewing these studies, appropriate patient selection could prevent PFA failures in select cases. Future studies assessing the role of PFA in isolated patellofemoral OA are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P van der List
- Computer Assisted Surgery Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - H Chawla
- Computer Assisted Surgery Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - J C Villa
- Computer Assisted Surgery Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - A D Pearle
- Computer Assisted Surgery Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
Posterior fossa ependymoma comprises two distinct molecular entities, ependymoma_posterior fossa A (EPN_PFA) and ependymoma_posterior fossa B (EPN_PFB), with differentiable gene expression profiles. As yet, the response of the two entities to treatment is unclear. To determine the relationship between the two molecular subgroups of posterior fossa ependymoma and treatment, we studied a cohort of 820 patients with molecularly profiled, clinically annotated posterior fossa ependymomas. We found that the strongest predictor of poor outcome in patients with posterior fossa ependymoma across the entire age spectrum was molecular subgroup EPN_PFA, which was recently reported in the paper entitled “Therapeutic impact of cytoreductive surgery and irradiation of posterior fossa ependymoma in the molecular era: a retrospective multicohort analysis” in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Patients with incompletely resected EPN_PFA tumors had a very poor outcome despite receiving adjuvant radiation therapy, whereas a substantial proportion of patients with EPN_PFB tumors can be cured with surgery alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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Watanabe T, Kato A, Terashima H, Matsubara K, Chen YJ, Adachi K, Mizuno H, Suzuki M. The PFA-AMeX method achieves a good balance between the morphology of tissues and the quality of RNA content in DNA microarray analysis with laser-capture microdissection samples. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 28:43-9. [PMID: 26023261 PMCID: PMC4337499 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2014-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, large-scale gene expression profiling is often performed using RNA extracted from unfixed frozen or formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples. However, both types of samples have drawbacks in terms of the morphological preservation and RNA quality. In the present study, we investigated 30 human prostate tissues using the PFA-AMeX method (fixation using paraformaldehyde (PFA) followed by embedding in paraffin by AMeX) with a DNA microarray combined with laser-capture microdissection. Morphologically, in contrast to the case of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, loss of basal cells in prostate adenocarcinomas was as obvious in PFA-AMeX samples as in FFPE samples. As for quality, the loss of rRNA peaks 18S and 28S on the capillary electropherograms from both FFPE and PFA-AMeX samples showed that the RNA was degraded equally during processing. However, qRT-PCR with 3' and 5' primer sets designed against human beta-actin revealed that, although RNA degradation occurred in both methods, it occurred more mildly in the PFA-AMeX samples. In conclusion, the PFA-AMeX method is good with respect to morphology and RNA quality, which makes it a promising tool for DNA microarrays combined with laser-capture microdissection, and if the appropriate RNA quality criteria are used, the capture of credible GeneChip data is well over 80% efficient, at least in human prostate specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Watanabe
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Inc., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Kato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Terashima
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsubara
- PharmaLogicals Research, Pte. Ltd., 11 Biopolis Way, #05-08/09 Helios, 138667, Singapore
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-11 to 17 Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Yu Jau Chen
- PharmaLogicals Research, Pte. Ltd., 11 Biopolis Way, #05-08/09 Helios, 138667, Singapore
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-11 to 17 Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Kenji Adachi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Hideaki Mizuno
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Masami Suzuki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
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Dahlhoff M, Pfister S, Blutke A, Rozman J, Klingenspor M, Deutsch MJ, Rathkolb B, Fink B, Gimpfl M, Hrabě de Angelis M, Roscher AA, Wolf E, Ensenauer R. Peri-conceptional obesogenic exposure induces sex-specific programming of disease susceptibilities in adult mouse offspring. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014. [PMID: 24275555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.ll.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Vulnerability of the fetus upon maternal obesity can potentially occur during all developmental phases. We aimed at elaborating longer-term health outcomes of fetal overnutrition during the earliest stages of development. We utilized Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice to induce pre-conceptional and gestational obesity and followed offspring outcomes in the absence of any postnatal obesogenic influences. Male adult offspring developed overweight, insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, hyperuricemia and hepatic steatosis; all these features were not observed in females. Instead, they showed impaired fasting glucose and a reduced fat mass and adipocyte size. Influences of the interaction of maternal diet∗sex concerned offspring genes involved in fatty liver disease, lipid droplet size regulation and fat mass expansion. These data suggest that a peri-conceptional obesogenic exposure is sufficient to shape offspring gene expression patterns and health outcomes in a sex- and organ-specific manner, indicating varying developmental vulnerabilities between sexes towards metabolic disease in response to maternal overnutrition.
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Key Words
- ANOVA
- ATP citrate lyase
- AUC
- Acaca
- Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase 1
- Acly
- Actb
- Analysis of variance
- Area under the curve
- B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2
- BW
- Bax
- Bcl2
- Bcl2-associated X protein
- Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2 (also known as seipin)
- Beta-actin
- Body weight
- Bscl2
- CD
- CET
- CT
- Carbon dioxide production
- Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1
- Cd36
- Cd36 antigen
- Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunit-like effector A
- Central European Time
- Cidea
- Computed tomography
- Control diet
- Cpt1
- Day post coitum
- EEC
- European Economic Commission
- Exposure to maternal control diet
- Exposure to maternal high-fat, high-calorie diet
- FA
- Fabp4
- Fasn
- Fatty acid
- Fatty acid binding protein 4
- Fatty acid synthase
- GR
- GTT
- Glucocorticoid receptor
- Glucose tolerance test
- H&E
- HFD
- HMW
- HOMA-IR
- HP
- Hairy and enhancer of split 1
- Heat production
- Hematoxylin–eosin
- Hes1
- High-fat, high-calorie diet
- High-molecular-weight
- Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
- Lep
- Leptin
- MD
- MDA
- MRI
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Maintenance diet
- Malic enzyme 1
- Malondialdehyde
- Me1
- Mesoderm-specific transcript/imprinted paternally expressed gene 1 (also known as Peg1)
- Mest
- N
- NAFLD
- NEFA
- NMRI
- NRL
- Naval Medical Research Institute
- Nitrogen
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Non-esterified fatty acid
- Nose–rump-length
- Nr1h3
- Nr3c1
- Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3 (also known as Lxra, liver X receptor alpha)
- Nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (also known as Gr, glucocorticoid receptor)
- Obesity
- Offspring
- Oxygen consumption
- PFA
- Paraformaldehyde
- Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (also known as Atgl, adipose triglyceride lipase)
- Peptidylprolyl isomerase A
- Peri-conceptional
- Perilipin 2
- Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha
- Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma
- Plin2
- Pnpla2
- Ppara
- Pparg
- Ppia
- Pregnancy
- Programming
- RER
- ROI
- Region of interest
- Respiratory exchange ratio
- S.e.m.
- Scd2
- Secreted frizzled-related sequence protein 5
- Sex-specificity
- Sfrp5
- Srebf1
- Standard error of the mean
- Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 2
- Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1
- TBARS
- Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
- Ube2d2
- Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D 2
- VCO(2)
- VO(2)
- dpc
- mat-CD
- mat-HFD
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dahlhoff
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - S Pfister
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - A Blutke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - J Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else-Kröner Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - M Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else-Kröner Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - M J Deutsch
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - B Rathkolb
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - B Fink
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - M Gimpfl
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - M Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354 Freising, Germany; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - A A Roscher
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - E Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - R Ensenauer
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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Ward RE, Huang W, Kostusiak M, Pallier PN, Michael-Titus AT, Priestley JV. A characterization of white matter pathology following spinal cord compression injury in the rat. Neuroscience 2013; 260:227-39. [PMID: 24361176 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory has previously described the characteristics of neuronal injury in a rat compression model of spinal cord injury (SCI), focussing on the impact of this injury on the gray matter. However, white matter damage is known to play a critical role in functional outcome following injury. Therefore, in the present study, we used immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to examine the alterations to the white matter that are initiated by compression SCI applied at T12 vertebral level. A significant loss of axonal and dendritic cytoskeletal proteins was observed at the injury epicenter within 1day of injury. This was accompanied by axonal dysfunction, as demonstrated by the accumulation of β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP), with a peak at 3days post-SCI. A similar, acute loss of cytoskeletal proteins was observed up to 5mm away from the injury epicenter and was particularly evident rostral to the lesion site, whereas β-APP accumulation was prominent in tracts proximal to the injury. Early myelin loss was confirmed by myelin basic protein (MBP) immunostaining and by electron microscopy, which also highlighted the infiltration of inflammatory and red blood cells. However, 6weeks after injury, areas of new Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte myelination were observed. This study demonstrates that substantial white matter damage occurs following compression SCI in the rat. Moreover, the loss of cytoskeletal proteins and accumulation of β-APP up to 5mm away from the lesion site within 1day of injury indicates the rapid manner in which the axonal damage extends in the rostro-caudal axis. This is likely due to both Wallerian degeneration and spread of secondary cell death, with the latter affecting axons both proximal and distal to the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Ward
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - W Huang
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; The Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medical Science, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - M Kostusiak
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - P N Pallier
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - A T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - J V Priestley
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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Chen J, Huang J, Wei YY, Sun XX, Wang W, Bai L, Wang YY, Kaneko T, Li YQ, Wu SX. Birth-date dependent arrangement of spinal enkephalinergic neurons: evidence from the preproenkephalin-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice. Neuroscience 2013; 260:47-58. [PMID: 24333967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enkephalin (ENK) has been postulated to play important roles in modulating nociceptive transmission, and it has been proved that ENKergic neurons acted as a critical component of sensory circuit in the adult spinal cord. Revealing the developmental characteristics of spinal ENKergic neurons will be helpful for understanding the formation and alteration of the sensory circuit under pain status. However, the relationship between the embryonic birth date and the adult distribution of ENKergic neurons has remained largely unknown due to the difficulties in visualizing the ENKergic neurons clearly. Taking advantage of the preproenkephalin-green fluorescent protein (PPE-GFP) transgenic mice in identifying ENKergic neurons, we performed the current birth-dating study and examined the spinal ENKergic neurogenesis. The ENKergic neurons born on different developmental stages and their final location during adulthood were investigated by combining bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and GFP labeling. The spinal ENKergic neurogenesis was restricted at E9.5 to E14.5, and fitted in the same pattern of spinal neurogenesis. Further comparative analysis revealed that spinal ENKergic neurons underwent heterogeneous characteristics. Our study also indicated that the laminar arrangement of ENKergic neurons in the superficial spinal dorsal horn depended on the neurogenesis stages. Taken together, the present study suggested that the birth date of ENKergic neurons is one determinant for their arrangement and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - J Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Y-Y Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - X-X Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - L Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Y-Y Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - T Kaneko
- Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Y-Q Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - S-X Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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Wang YL, Li Q, Xie J, Zhu M, Sun WJ, He L, Wang Q. Involvement of the single Cul4 gene of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis in spermatogenesis. Gene 2013; 536:9-17. [PMID: 24334119 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cullin-RING finger ligases (CRLs) are involved in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of cell cycle regulators and play an important role in gametogenesis. Cullin 4 (CUL4) is a conserved core component of a new class of ubiquitin E3 ligase, and participates in the proteolysis of several regulatory proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The mammals encode two paralogs of CUL4, CUL4A and CUL4B, and the two Cul4 genes are functionally redundant. However, Drosophila or other metazoans only contain one Cul4 gene. Here we cloned the Cul4 gene and confirmed that there is only one protein of CUL4 in Eriocheir sinensis, a full length Cul4 comprised of 2777 nucleotides, an open-reading frame of 2373bp encoding 790 amino acid residues. The expression level of Cul4 mRNAs, as demonstrated by quantitative real-time PCR, varied significantly during testis development, with the greatest transcript levels found at an early stage. Localization analysis using antibodies against CUL4A/4B in the reproductive system showed that EsCUL4 mainly distribute in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes, and gradually reduced during the development and maturation of sperm. The results indicated that a single CUL4 protein may play a role in spermatogenesis in E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Li Wang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Juan Sun
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Iwasaki T, Terrill J, Shavlakadze T, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. Visualizing and quantifying oxidized protein thiols in tissue sections: a comparison of dystrophic mdx and normal skeletal mouse muscles. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1408-1416. [PMID: 24095851 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only a cause of oxidative stress in a range of disease conditions but are also important regulators of physiological pathways in vivo. One mechanism whereby ROS can regulate cell function is by modification of proteins through the reversible oxidation of their thiol groups. An experimental challenge has been the relative lack of techniques to probe the biological significance of protein thiol oxidation in complex multicellular tissues and organs. We have developed a sensitive and quantitative fluorescence labeling technique to detect and localize protein thiol oxidation in histological tissue sections. In our technique, reduced and oxidized protein thiols are visualized and quantified on two consecutive tissue sections and the extent of protein thiol oxidation is expressed as a percentage of total protein thiols (reduced plus oxidized). We tested the application of this new technique using muscles of dystrophic (mdx) and wild-type C57Bl/10Scsn (C57) mice. In mdx myofibers, protein thiols were consistently more oxidized (19 ± 3%) compared with healthy myofibers (10 ± 1%) in C57 mice. A striking observation was the localization of intensive protein thiol oxidation (70 ± 9%) within myofibers associated with necrotic damage. Oxidative stress is an area of active investigation in many fields of research, and this technique provides a useful tool for locating and further understanding protein thiol oxidation in normal, damaged, and diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Iwasaki
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jessica Terrill
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tea Shavlakadze
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peter G Arthur
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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Rivadeneyra L, Carestia A, Etulain J, Pozner RG, Fondevila C, Negrotto S, Schattner M. Regulation of platelet responses triggered by Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 ligands is another non-genomic role of nuclear factor-kappaB. Thromb Res 2013; 133:235-43. [PMID: 24331207 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platelets express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognise molecular components of pathogens and, in nucleated cells, elicit immune responses through nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation. We have shown that NF-κB mediates platelet activation in response to classical agonists, suggesting that this transcription factor exerts non-genomic functions in platelets. The aim of this study was to determine whether NF-κB activation is a downstream signal involved in TLR2 and 4-mediated platelet responses. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aggregation and ATP release were measured with a Lumi-aggregometer. Fibrinogen binding, P-selectin and CD40 ligand (CD40L) levels and platelet-neutrophil aggregates were measured by cytometry. I kappa B alpha (IκBα) degradation and p65 phosphorylation were determined by Western blot and von Willebrand factor (vWF) by ELISA. RESULTS Platelet stimulation with Pam3CSK4 or LPS resulted in IκBα degradation and p65 phosphorylation. These responses were suppressed by TLR2 and 4 blocking and synergised by thrombin. Aggregation, fibrinogen binding and ATP and vWF release were triggered by Pam3CSK4. LPS did not induce platelet responses per se, except for vWF release, but it did potentiate thrombin-induced aggregation, fibrinogen binding and ATP secretion. Pam3CSK4, but not LPS, induced P-selectin and CD40L expression and mixed aggregate formation. All of these responses, except for CD40L expression, were inhibited in platelets treated with the NF-κB inhibitors BAY 11-7082 or Ro 106-9920. CONCLUSION TLR2 and 4 agonists trigger platelet activation responses through NF-κB. These data show another non-genomic function of NF-κB in platelets and highlight this molecule as a potential target to prevent platelet activation in inflammatory or infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Rivadeneyra
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine (CONICET), National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agostina Carestia
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine (CONICET), National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia Etulain
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine (CONICET), National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto G Pozner
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine (CONICET), National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Fondevila
- Service of Hematology, Bazterrica Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Negrotto
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine (CONICET), National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Schattner
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine (CONICET), National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Scavone M, Germanovich K, Femia EA, Cattaneo M. Usefulness of the INNOVANCE PFA P2Y test cartridge for the detection of patients with congenital defects of the platelet P2Y₁₂ receptor for adenosine diphosphate. Thromb Res 2013; 133:254-6. [PMID: 24331208 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The platelet function analyzer (PFA)-100 is used in clinical practice to screen patients with bleeding diathesis and suspected defects of primary hemostasis. A new cartridge, INNOVANCE PFA P2Y, has been specifically developed to monitor patients' response to drugs inhibiting the platelet P2Y₁₂ receptor for ADP. In this study, we compared the ability of INNOVANCE PFA P2Y to detect congenital defects of the platelet P2Y₁₂ receptor to that of standard cartridge formulations currently in clinical use. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied two patients with severe P2Y₁₂ deficiency, one patient with heterozygous P2Y₁₂ deficiency and one with dysfunctional P2Y₁₂ receptor. Closure times were measured using 3 cartridges: collagen/ADP, collagen/epinephrine, and INNOVANCE PFA P2Y. The results obtained in the four patients with P2Y₁₂ defects were compared to those obtained for 20 healthy controls. RESULTS In 2 patients with severe P2Y₁₂ deficiency, closure times of INNOVANCE PFA P2Y and collagen/ADP cartridges were >300 s, while those of collagen/epinephrine cartridge were variable (186s and >300 s). In the patient with dysfunctional P2Y₁₂, closure time of INNOVANCE PFA P2Y was >300 s, while closure times of collagen/ADP and collagen/epinephrine were normal. Closure times of all cartridges were normal in the patient with heterozygous P2Y₁₂ deficiency. CONCLUSION Our study provides the first evidence that INNOVANCE PFA P2Y cartridge is sensitive to congenital severe and moderate defects of the platelet P2Y₁₂ receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Scavone
- Divisione di Medicina 3, Ospedale San Paolo - Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ksenia Germanovich
- Divisione di Medicina 3, Ospedale San Paolo - Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eti A Femia
- Divisione di Medicina 3, Ospedale San Paolo - Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cattaneo
- Divisione di Medicina 3, Ospedale San Paolo - Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Dun Y, Vargas J, Brot N, Finnemann SC. Independent roles of methionine sulfoxide reductase A in mitochondrial ATP synthesis and as antioxidant in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1340-1351. [PMID: 24120970 PMCID: PMC3859712 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is highly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a support tissue for neighboring photoreceptors. MsrA protein levels correlate with sensitivity of RPE in culture to experimental oxidative stress. To investigate whether and how MsrA affects RPE functionality regardless of oxidative stress, we tested the effects of acute silencing or overexpression of MsrA on the phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment fragments (POS), a demanding, daily function of the RPE that is essential for vision. Endogenous MsrA localized to mitochondria and cytosol of rat RPE in culture. RPE cells manipulated to express higher or lower levels of MsrA than control cells showed no signs of cell death but increased or decreased, respectively, POS binding as well as engulfment. These effects of altered MsrA protein concentration on phagocytosis were independent of the levels of oxidative stress. However, altering MsrA expression had no effect on phagocytosis when mitochondrial respiration was inhibited. Furthermore, ATP content directly correlated with MsrA protein levels in RPE cells that used mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for ATP synthesis but not in RPE cells that relied on glycolysis alone. Overexpressing MsrA was sufficient to increase specifically the activity of complex IV of the respiratory chain, whereas activity of complex II and mitochondrial content were unaffected. Thus, MsrA probably enhances ATP synthesis by increasing complex IV activity. Such contribution of MsrA to energy metabolism is independent of its function in protection from elevated oxidative stress but contributes to routine but vital photoreceptor support by RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases, and Gene Regulation, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Jade Vargas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases, and Gene Regulation, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Nathan Brot
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Silvia C Finnemann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases, and Gene Regulation, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
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Ding Y, Li J, Liu Q. Retina-specific gene excision by targeted expression of Cre recombinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:777-81. [PMID: 24211578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of Cre recombinase for conditional targeting permits the controlled removal or activation of genes in specific tissues and at specific times of development. The Rho-Cre mice provide an improved tool for studying gene ablation in rod photoreceptor cells. To establish a robust expression of Rho-Cre transgenic mice that would be useful for the study of various protein functions in photoreceptor cells, a total 11,987 kb fragment (pNCHS4 Rho-NLS-cre) containing human rhodopsin promoter was cloned. The Rho-Cre plasmid was digested with EcoR1 and I Ceu-1, and the 9.316 kb fragment containing the hRho promoter and Cre recombinase gel was purified. To generate transgenic mice, the purified DNA fragment was injected into fertilized oocytes according to standard protocols. ROSA26R reported the steady expression of Rho-Cre especially in photoreceptor cells, allowing further excising proteins in rod photoreceptors across the retina. This Rho-Cre transgenic line should thus prove useful as a general deletor line for genetic analysis of diverse aspects of retinopathy.
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Imbe H, Kimura A, Donishi T, Kaneoke Y. Repeated forced swim stress enhances CFA-evoked thermal hyperalgesia and affects the expressions of pCREB and c-Fos in the insular cortex. Neuroscience 2013; 259:1-11. [PMID: 24291670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Stress affects brain activity and promotes long-term changes in multiple neural systems. Exposure to stressors causes substantial effects on the perception and response to pain. In several animal models, chronic stress produces lasting hyperalgesia. The insular (IC) and anterior cingulate cortices (ACC) are the regions exhibiting most reliable pain-related activity. And the IC and ACC play an important role in pain modulation via the descending pain modulatory system. In the present study we examined the expression of phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) and c-Fos in the IC and ACC after forced swim stress (FS) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection to clarify changes in the cerebral cortices that affect the activity of the descending pain modulatory system in the rats with stress-induced hyperalgesia. FS (day 1, 10min; days 2-3, 20min) induced an increase in the expression of pCREB and c-Fos in the anterior IC (AIC). CFA injection into the hindpaw after the FS shows significantly enhanced thermal hyperalgesia and induced a decrease in the expression of c-Fos in the AIC and the posterior IC (PIC). Quantitative image analysis showed that the numbers of c-Fos-immunoreactive neurons in the left AIC and PIC were significantly lower in the FS+CFA group (L AIC, 95.9±6.8; L PIC, 181.9±23.1) than those in the naive group (L AIC, 151.1±19.3, p<0.05; L PIC, 274.2±37.3, p<0.05). These findings suggest a neuroplastic change in the IC after FS, which may be involved in the enhancement of CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia through dysfunction of the descending pain modulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Imbe
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan.
| | - A Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan
| | - T Donishi
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan
| | - Y Kaneoke
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan
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