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Beattie M, Muirhead K, Gibb R, Ross F, Macaden L. Experience-based Modifications of the Bed Band ReAlised through Co-dEsign (EMBRACE). BMJ Open Qual 2024; 13:e002614. [PMID: 38548330 PMCID: PMC10982799 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper body limitations are a common disability in neurological conditions including stroke and multiple sclerosis. Care of patients with upper body limitations while in bed involves positioning techniques to maximise comfort and independence. The Bed Band is a nurse-led innovation to support people with limited mobility to maintain a comfortable position in bed, thereby promoting comfort and independence with activities of daily living. AIM To co-design and implement adaptations to the Bed Band prototype with recommendations for user instructions towards enhanced product design and future development. METHODS A co-design approach involving collaboration between academic and industry partners. Expert stakeholders provided feedback on the Bed Band via an online focus group before healthy volunteers tested the product in a healthcare simulation suite. Data were thematically analysed and findings sense checked by expert stakeholders who then prioritised adaptations to the Bed Band using a modified Delphi technique. RESULTS Three themes resulted from the analysis: (1) reaction to the Bed Band; (2) potential risks and mitigation; and (3) product adaptations. Simplicity was a strength of the innovation which easily enabled positional support. Adaptations to the Bed Band informed the development of an enhanced prototype for testing in future studies. CONCLUSION Co-design of the Bed Band prototype involving experts and healthy volunteers enabled early identification of potential risks with recommendations to mitigate them and priority adaptations. Further studies are required in hospital patients and community populations with upper mobility issues to determine the efficacy of the Bed Band and optimal duration of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Beattie
- Centre for Rural Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | | | - Roma Gibb
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
- Person Centred Solutions, Dingwall, UK
| | - Fiona Ross
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
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Macaden L, Muirhead K. Dementia Education for Workforce Excellence: Evaluation of a Novel Bichronous Approach. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:590. [PMID: 38470701 PMCID: PMC10931610 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia education and training for workforce development is becoming increasingly important in bridging knowledge gaps among health and social care practitioners in the UK and internationally. Dementia Education for Workforce Excellence (DEWE) was developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, blending both synchronous and asynchronous instruction and delivered across three different contexts: care homes, home care, and nurse education within the UK and India. This study aimed to evaluate DEWE using mixed methods with online survey data analyzed descriptively and interview data analyzed thematically. Integration of survey and interview data aimed toward a comprehensive evaluation of this novel approach for dementia workforce development. Thirty-four social care practitioners and nurse educators completed the online survey demonstrating high-level learner satisfaction, learning gains, behavioral change, and motivation to share new knowledge. Four key themes developed from the analysis of interviews (n = 9) around participants' pursuit of new knowledge; delivery modes in DEWE; learning gains and impact of DEWE; and adaptations for future program implementation. Findings suggest DEWE is an innovative resource that promotes person- and relationship-centered dementia care across all stages of one's dementia journey. Cultural adaptations are recommended for international delivery to ensure contextual alignment and maximum impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Macaden
- Nursing Studies, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Kevin Muirhead
- Nursing Studies, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
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Cooper L, Fuzesi P, Jacob SA, Kamalakannan S, Lennon M, Macaden L, Smith A, Welsh T, Broadfoot K, Watson MC. Assistive technologies and strategies to support the medication management of individuals with hearing and/or visual impairment: A scoping review. Disabil Health J 2023; 16:101500. [PMID: 37481354 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with sensory impairment (visual and/or hearing) experience health inequalities and increased the risk of medication-related iatrogenic disease compared with the general population. Assistive technologies and tailored strategies could support medication management for individuals with sensory impairment to reduce harm and increase the likelihood of therapeutic benefit. OBJECTIVE This scoping review identified assistive technologies and strategies to support medication management of/for people with hearing and/or visual impairment. METHODS Standard scoping review methodology was used to identify studies that evaluated technologies or strategies designed to support people with sensory impairment with independent medicine management. Electronic databases were searched (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ACM, Cochrane) from inception to 18/07/22. Independent duplicate screening, selection, and data extraction were undertaken. RESULTS Of 1231 publications identified, 18 were included, reporting 17 studies, 16 of which evaluated technologies to assist people with visual impairment and one study to assist people with hearing impairment. The range of technologies and devices included: applications for android phones (n = 6); eyedrop-assistance devices (n = 5); audio-prescription labelling/reading systems (n = 2); touch-to-speech devices (n = 2); continuous glucose monitoring system (n = 1); magnifying technology (n = 1). Ten studies tested early-stage prototypes. Most participants could operate the technologies effectively and deemed them to be useful. CONCLUSIONS Despite the increasing number of medicine-related assistive technologies, there has been limited empirical evaluation of their effectiveness for supporting individuals with sensory impairment. Prototypes appear to be useful for people with visual or hearing impairment, however wider 'real-life' testing is needed to confirm the benefits of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Cooper
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Peter Fuzesi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Sabrina Anne Jacob
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Sureshkumar Kamalakannan
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Well-being, Northumbria University, Sutherland Building, 2 Ellison Pl, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Marilyn Lennon
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Leah Macaden
- Nursing Studies, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK.
| | - Annetta Smith
- University of the Highlands and Islands, 12b Ness Walk, Inverness IV3 5SQ, UK.
| | - Tomas Welsh
- RICE, The Research Institute for the Care of Older People, 8, The RICE Centre Royal United Hospital, Combe Park, Bath BA1 3NG, UK.
| | - Kirsten Broadfoot
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Margaret C Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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Washington M, Macaden L, Smith A, Selvam S, Mony PK. Determinants of Kangaroo Mother Care Uptake for Small Babies Along the Health Facility to Community Continuum in Karnataka, India. Glob Health Sci Pract 2023; 11:e2200457. [PMID: 37348942 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kangaroo mother care (KMC) scale-up is a proposed strategy to accelerate reduction in neonatal mortality rates. We aimed to identify determinants of KMC uptake for small babies (less than 2,000 g birth weight) along the health facility to community continuum in Karnataka, India. METHODS From June 2017 to March 2020, data on characteristics of health facilities and health care workers (HCWs) from 8 purposively selected health facilities were assessed. Knowledge, attitude, and support the mothers received for KMC uptake were assessed once between 4 weeks and 8 weeks unadjusted age of the cohort of babies. Secondary data on KMC were obtained from the district-wide implementation research project database. Bivariate analysis was used to assess the association of characteristics of health facilities, HCWs, mothers, and small babies with the day of KMC initiation and its duration. Log-binomial regression analysis was then computed to identify determinants of KMC. RESULTS We recruited 227 (91.5%) of 248 babies eligible to participate with a mean unadjusted age of 35.6 days (±7.5) and 1,693.9 g (±263.1 g) birth weight. KMC was initiated for 95.2% of 227 babies at the health facility; initiated at 3 days or earlier of life for 59.6% of 226 babies; and babies continued to receive KMC for more than 4 weeks (30.2 days [±8.4]) at home. Determinants of KMC initiation were HCWs' attitudes, initiation support at the health facility, and place of hospitalization. Determinants of KMC maintenance at the health facility were HCWs' skills and support the mother received at the facility after initiating KMC. Place of hospitalization and HCWs' knowledge determined KMC duration at home 1 week after discharge. CONCLUSION These findings emphasize the importance of competent HCWs and support for mothers at the health facility for initiation and maintenance of KMC within the health facility and 1 week after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryann Washington
- Division of Epidemiology and Population Health, St. Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
| | - Leah Macaden
- Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Annetta Smith
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Sumithra Selvam
- Division of Epidemiology and Population Health, St. Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Prem K Mony
- Division of Epidemiology and Population Health, St. Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India
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Schoultz M, McGrogan C, Beattie M, Macaden L, Carolan C, Dickens GL. Uptake and effects of psychological first aid training for healthcare workers' wellbeing in nursing homes: A UK national survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277062. [PMID: 36327237 PMCID: PMC9632887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Psychological First Aid is a brief intervention based on international guidance from the World Health Organisation. Free to access online training in the intervention was introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in UK. We aimed to determine the uptake of Psychological First Aid training among healthcare workers in care homes in the UK and to assess its effects on their wellbeing. Design This was a sequential mixed methods design. Methods Healthcare workers (nurses and carers) working in care homes in the UK were surveyed about their uptake of Psychological First Aid, their stress, coping efficacy and the key concepts of Psychological First Aid (safety, calmness, hopefulness, connectedness, and accomplishment). Those that completed the Psychological First Aid training were asked to share their experiences via qualitative survey. Data collection was conducted between June and October 2021. Analyses included descriptive statistics and regression analysis. A six step thematic analysis was used to interpret the qualitative data. Results 388 participants responded to the survey. The uptake of Psychological First Aid training was 37 (9.5%). Psychological first aid was a significant predictor for coping efficacy (β = 17.54, p = .001). Participants with a physical or mental health condition experienced higher stress and lower coping regardless of PFA training. Four themes were identified from the qualitative analysis: self-awareness and growth, relationships with others, overcoming stress and accessibility. Conclusion While this study suggests some benefits to healthcare workers in care home settings undergoing PFA the poor uptake of the training warrants further investigation. Impact Care home staff need psychological support. This gap remains as few completed PFA training. This is the first study in UK and worldwide to look at the effects of psychological first aid on stress and coping in this population and it warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyana Schoultz
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Claire McGrogan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Beattie
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Leah Macaden
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Clare Carolan
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Geoffrey L. Dickens
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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Beattie M, Carolan C, Macaden L, Maciver A, Dingwall L, Macgilleeathain R, Schoultz M. Care home workers experiences of stress and coping during COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods study. Nurs Open 2022; 10:687-703. [PMID: 35986662 PMCID: PMC9538533 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to explore the stress and coping experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) in care home settings in Scotland during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN A cross-sectional mixed methods study was conducted using an online survey and interviews. METHODS Mean scores were calculated for both stress and coping and t-tests used to explore possible links to demographics. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using Braun and Clarke's method. RESULTS For 52 survey participants, the mean score for the PSS was M = 39.75 and CSE-M = 150.6 indicating high stress and medium coping skills. From the t-test, only absence of health issues was associated with higher levels of coping. Thirteen HCWs participated in one-to-one interviews. Qualitative data analysis generated four themes contributing to stress: 1. personal factors, 2. changed care environment, 3. amplified scrutiny and 4. psychological responses. Coping was represented as three main themes: 1. personal factors, 2. organizational culture and 3. safety and security. There is a critical need for a strategic approach to provide psychological support to care home staff both during and beyond the context of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Beattie
- Department of Nursing, Centre for Health ScienceUniversity of the Highlands and Islands, Highland CampusInvernessUK
| | - Clare Carolan
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery (Western Isles Campus), School of Health, Social Care and WellbeingUniversity of Highlands and IslandsStornowayUK
| | - Leah Macaden
- Department of Nursing, Centre for Health ScienceUniversity of the Highlands and Islands, Highland CampusInvernessUK
| | - Alison Maciver
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery (Western Isles Campus), School of Health, Social Care and WellbeingUniversity of Highlands and IslandsStornowayUK
| | | | - Rebecah Macgilleeathain
- Division of Rural Health and Wellbeing, Centre for Health ScienceUniversity of the Highlands and IslandsInvernessUK
| | - Mariyana Schoultz
- Faculty of Health and Life SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
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Macaden L, Broadfoot K, Carolan C, Muirhead K, Neylon S, Keen J. Last Aid Training Online: Participants’ and Facilitators’ Perceptions from a Mixed-Methods Study in Rural Scotland. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050918. [PMID: 35628055 PMCID: PMC9141240 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Palliative and end-of-life care services are increasingly gaining centre stage in health and social care contexts in the UK and globally. Death and dying need are relational processes. Building personal and community capacity along with resilience is vital to support families and communities to normalise death and dying. Last Aid Training (LAT) is one such innovative educational initiative which teaches the general public about the fundamentals of palliative care and promotes public discussion about death and dying. The Highland Hospice [HH] in Scotland has pioneered delivery of LAT in face-to-face settings since March 2019 and online since March 2020 to accommodate pandemic restrictions. (2) Methods: This study used a mixed-methods approach, combining an online survey with LAT participants followed by individual semi-structured qualitative interviews with both LAT participants and facilitators. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of LAT for participants at the individual, family, and community levels, as well as explore participant and facilitator experiences and perspectives of LAT in an online environment. (3) Results: Overall, this evaluation demonstrates that provision of foundational death literacy education in social contexts enhances the personal knowledge, skills, and confidence of individual community members and supports the notion that this personal growth could lead to strengthened community action. (4) Conclusions: Findings from this study concluded that there is potential to include LAT as the foundational core training to promote death literacy in communities with further exploration to integrate/align LAT with other national/global end-of-life care frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Macaden
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, University of the Highlands & Islands, Inverness IV3 5SQ, UK; (L.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Kirsten Broadfoot
- Sterena Consultancy, Cromarty IV11 8XA, UK; or
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Clare Carolan
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, University of the Highlands & Islands, Inverness IV3 5SQ, UK; (L.M.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kevin Muirhead
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, University of the Highlands & Islands, Inverness IV3 5SQ, UK; (L.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Siobhan Neylon
- Highland Hospice, Inverness IV19 1AF, UK; (S.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeremy Keen
- Highland Hospice, Inverness IV19 1AF, UK; (S.N.); (J.K.)
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Schoultz M, McGrogan C, Beattie M, Macaden L, Carolan C, Polson R, Dickens G. Psychological first aid for workers in care and nursing homes: systematic review. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:96. [PMID: 35468786 PMCID: PMC9038514 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic has produced unprecedented challenges across all aspects of health and social care sectors globally. Nurses and healthcare workers in care homes have been particularly impacted due to rapid and dramatic changes to their job roles, workloads, and working environments, and residents' multimorbidity. Developed by the World Health Organisation, Psychological First Aid (PFA) is a brief training course delivering social, emotional, supportive, and pragmatic support that can reduce the initial distress after disaster and foster future adaptive functioning. OBJECTIVES This review aimed to synthesise findings from studies exploring the usefulness of PFA for the well-being of nursing and residential care home staff. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across 15 databases (Social Care Online, Kings Fund Library, Prospero, Dynamed, BMJ Best Practice, SIGN, NICE, Ovid, Proquest, Campbell Library, Clinical Trials, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Ebsco CINAHL, and Cochrane Library), identifying peer-reviewed articles published in English language from database inception to 20th June 2021. RESULTS Of the 1,159 articles screened, 1,146 were excluded at title and abstract; the remaining 13 articles were screened at full text, all of which were then excluded. CONCLUSION This review highlights that empirical evidence of the impact of PFA on the well-being of nursing and residential care home staff is absent. PFA has likely been recommended to healthcare staff during the Covid-19 pandemic. The lack of evidence found here reinforces the urgent need to conduct studies which evaluates the outcomes of PFA particularly in the care home staff population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyana Schoultz
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, England.
| | - Claire McGrogan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, England
| | - Michelle Beattie
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Leah Macaden
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Clare Carolan
- University of the Highlands and Islands, Stornoway, Scotland
| | - Rob Polson
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Geoffrey Dickens
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, England
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Muirhead K, Macaden L, Smyth K, Chandler C, Clarke C, Polson R, O'Malley C. The characteristics of effective technology-enabled dementia education: a systematic review and mixed research synthesis. Syst Rev 2022; 11:34. [PMID: 35197109 PMCID: PMC8865181 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia education is required to address gaps in dementia-specific knowledge among health and social care practitioners amidst increasing dementia prevalence. Harnessing technology for dementia education may remove obstacles to traditional education and empower large communities of learners. This systematic review aimed to establish the technological and pedagogical characteristics associated with effective technology-enabled dementia education for health and social care practitioners. METHODS MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, ERIC and OVID Nursing Database were searched from January 2005 until February 2020. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies were eligible for inclusion. Study quality was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Quantitative evidence was categorised based on Kirkpatrick's Model. Qualitative data was synthesised thematically and integrated with quantitative findings before conclusions were drawn. RESULTS Twenty-one published papers were identified. Participants were acute, primary and long-term care practitioners, or were students in higher education. Most training was internet-based; CD-ROMs, simulations and tele-mentoring were also described. Technology-enabled dementia education was predominantly associated with positive effects on learning outcomes. Case-based instruction was the most frequently described instructional strategy and videos were common modes of information delivery. Qualitative themes emerged as existing strengths and experience; knowledge gaps and uncertainty; developing core competence and expertise; involving relevant others; and optimising feasibility. DISCUSSION Technology-enabled dementia education is likely to improve dementia knowledge, skills and attitudes among health and social care practitioners from multiple practice contexts. Confidence in the results from quantitative studies was undermined by multiple confounding factors that may be difficult to control in the educational research context. Convenience and flexibility are key benefits of technology-enabled instructive and simulated pedagogy that can support the application of theory into practice. More research is required to understand the role of online learning networks and provisions for equitable engagement. A future emphasis on organisational and environmental factors may elucidate the role of technology in ameliorating obstacles to traditional dementia education. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO ( CRD42018115378 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Muirhead
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, School of Health, Social Care & Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK.
| | - Leah Macaden
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, School of Health, Social Care & Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Keith Smyth
- Learning and Teaching Academy, University of the Highlands and Islands, An Lòchran, Inverness Campus, Inverness, IV2 5NA, UK
| | - Colin Chandler
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9LN, UK
| | - Charlotte Clarke
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Health, Durham University, Arthur Holmes Building, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Rob Polson
- Highland Health Sciences Library, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Chris O'Malley
- Highland Health Sciences Library, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
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Muirhead K, Macaden L, Smyth K, Chandler C, Clarke C, Polson R, O'Malley C. Establishing the effectiveness of technology-enabled dementia education for health and social care practitioners: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2021; 10:252. [PMID: 34548101 PMCID: PMC8452826 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia prevalence is increasing globally and yet evidence suggest that gaps exist in dementia-specific knowledge among health and social care practitioners. Technological modes of educational delivery may be as effective as traditional education and can provide practitioners with increased accessibility to dementia training. Benefits of digitally based dementia education have been established including pedagogical strategies that influence dementia knowledge and care attitudes. This review aimed to appraise and synthesise contemporary experimental evidence that evaluated technology-enabled dementia education for health and social care practitioners. Outcomes based on Kirkpatrick's Model were learner satisfaction; knowledge, skills, and attitudes; behaviours; and results. METHODS MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science were among 8 bibliographic databases searched from January 2005 until February 2020. Keywords included dementia and education (and terms for technological modes of education, learning, or training). We included experimental and quasi-experimental studies. Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument established the overall quality of included studies and pragmatic application of Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool established individual study quality and highlighted methodological features of educational research. Narrative synthesis was conducted as heterogeneous outcome data precluded meta-analysis. RESULTS We identified 21 relevant studies: 16 evaluated online dementia education and 5 evaluated computer-based approaches. Most studies used before-after designs and study quality was moderate overall. Most studies reported knowledge-based outcomes with statistically significant findings favouring the training interventions. Positive effects were also observed in studies measuring skills and attitudinal change. Fewer studies reported significant findings for behavioural change and results due to training. Case-based instruction was a frequently described instructional strategy in online dementia education and videos were common information delivery modes. CD-ROM training and simulation activities were described in computer-based dementia education. DISCUSSION Future emphasis must be placed on teaching and learning methods within technology-enabled dementia education which should be role relevant and incorporate active and interactive learning strategies. Future evaluations will require contextually relevant research methodologies with capacity to address challenges presented by these complex educational programmes and multi-component characteristics. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This systematic review is based on a protocol registered with PROSPERO ( CRD42018115378 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Muirhead
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, School of Health, Social Care & Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK.
| | - Leah Macaden
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, School of Health, Social Care & Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Keith Smyth
- Learning and Teaching Academy, University of the Highlands and Islands, An Lòchran, Inverness Campus, Inverness, IV2 5NA, UK
| | - Colin Chandler
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9LN, UK
| | - Charlotte Clarke
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Health, Durham University, Arthur Holmes Building, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Rob Polson
- Highland Health Sciences Library, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Chris O'Malley
- Highland Health Sciences Library, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
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Muirhead K, Macaden L, Clarke C, Smyth K, Polson R, O'Malley C. The characteristics of effective technology-enabled dementia education for health and social care practitioners: protocol for a mixed studies systematic review. Syst Rev 2019; 8:316. [PMID: 31810480 PMCID: PMC6896733 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of people living with dementia is expected to increase exponentially and yet evidence suggests gaps in dementia-specific knowledge amongst practitioners. Evidence-based learning approaches can support educators and learners who are transitioning into new educational paradigms resulting from technological advances. Technology-enabled learning is increasingly being used in health care education and may be a feasible approach to dementia education. METHODS This protocol aims to describe the methodological and analytical approaches for undertaking a systematic review of the current evidence based on technology-enabled approaches to dementia education for health and social care practitioners. The design and methodology were informed by guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. DISCUSSION The evidence generated from a systematic review of the current evidence is intended to inform the design and implementation of technology-enabled dementia education programmes and to advance the current academic literature at a time of unprecedented demographic and technological transition. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42018115378.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Muirhead
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Health, Social Care & Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK.
| | - Leah Macaden
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Health, Social Care & Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Charlotte Clarke
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Keith Smyth
- Learning and Teaching Academy, University of the Highlands and Islands, Ness Walk, Inverness, IV3 5SQ, UK
| | - Rob Polson
- Highland Health Sciences Library, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Chris O'Malley
- Highland Health Sciences Library, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
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Smith A, Macaden L, Kroll T, Alhusein N, Taylor A, Killick K, Stoddart K, Watson M. A qualitative exploration of the experiences of community dwelling older adults with sensory impairment/s receiving polypharmacy on their pharmaceutical care journey. Age Ageing 2019; 48:895-902. [PMID: 31389566 PMCID: PMC6814090 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most developed countries have increasing numbers of community dwelling older people with both multi-morbidity and sensory impairment that includes visual, hearing or dual impairment. Older people with sensory impairment are more likely to have chronic health conditions and to be in receipt of polypharmacy (>4 medicines). It is important to understand their experience of pharmaceutical care provision to facilitate a safe, appropriate and person centred approach. AIM this study explored the pharmaceutical care experiences and perspectives of older people with sensory impairment receiving polypharmacy. DESIGN AND SETTING exploratory qualitative study with semi-structured telephone or face-to-face interviews with community dwelling older adults with sensory impairment receiving polypharmacy in Scotland in 2016. METHODS in total, 23 interviews were conducted with older people from seven of the 14 Scottish Health Board areas. SUBJECTS over half the participants (n = 12) had dual sensory impairment, six had visual impairment and five had hearing impairment. RESULTS three overarching themes were identified reflecting different stages of participants' pharmaceutical care journey: ordering and collection of prescriptions; medicine storage; and administration. At each stage of their journey, participants identified barriers and facilitators associated with their pharmaceutical care. CONCLUSIONS this is the first comprehensive, in-depth exploration of the pharmaceutical care journey needs of older people with sensory impairment. As the number of community dwelling older people with sensory impairment and polypharmacy increases there is a requirement to identify challenges experienced by this population and offer solutions for safe and effective pharmaceutical care provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annetta Smith
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highland and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Leah Macaden
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highland and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Thilo Kroll
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nour Alhusein
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Andrea Taylor
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Kathleen Stoddart
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Margaret Watson
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Mathews R, O'Malley C, Hall JM, Macaden L, MacRury S. Diabetes, Care Homes, and the Influence of Technology on Practice and Care Delivery in Care Homes: Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis. JMIR Diabetes 2019; 4:e11526. [PMID: 31008705 PMCID: PMC6658297 DOI: 10.2196/11526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is increasing in prevalence and complexity in the care home setting, affecting up to a quarter of care home residents. Health outcomes for these residents are impacted by management of the disease, health care professionals (HCPs)' decision-making skills within the care home setting, and access to specialist services. The use of technology has the potential to recognize opportunities for early intervention that enables efficient responsive care, taking a fundamental role in linking the care home community to wider multidisciplinary teams for support. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to identify evidence that explores factors relevant to the use of technology in and around the care home setting to aid in the management of diabetes. METHODS Databases searched using a structured prespecified approach included: PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), OVID Nursing database, Scopus, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and the King's Fund from 2012 to 2017: handsearching was undertaken additionally for any gray literature. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocol was used as protocol with Risk of Bias in Systematic reviews a tool to assess the risk of bias across studies. Studies had to include interventions that combined technology to or from the care home setting to support residents living with diabetes. RESULTS The combined search strategy identified a total of 493 electronic records. Of these, 171 papers were screened for eligibility, 66 full papers were accessed, and 13 have been included in this study. Qualitative synthesis has identified different strands of research evidence in what and how technology is currently being used in and around care homes to enhance diabetes management. New initiatives and implementations of technology and emerging models of care that included the use of technology have also been included. CONCLUSIONS By triangulating the perspectives of HCPs, practitioners, specialists, and members of the care home community, the authors anticipate that this review will represent an up-to-date, evidence-based overview of the potential for using technology within the care home setting for diabetes management as well as stimulate research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mathews
- Division of Rural Health and Wellbeing, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Chris O'Malley
- Highland Health Sciences Library, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny M Hall
- Division of Rural Health and Wellbeing, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Leah Macaden
- Department of Nursing, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra MacRury
- Division of Rural Health and Wellbeing, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
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Alhusein N, Killick K, Macaden L, Smith A, Stoddart K, Taylor A, Kroll T, Watson MC. "We're really not ready for this": A qualitative exploration of community pharmacy personnel's perspectives on the pharmaceutical care of older people with sensory impairment. Disabil Health J 2018; 12:242-248. [PMID: 30392961 PMCID: PMC6436755 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background In most developed countries there is an increasing ageing population living in the community with long-term conditions and sensory impairment (sight; hearing; dual impairment). Community pharmacy personnel are key providers of pharmaceutical care to this patient population. Objective This study explored community pharmacy personnel's experiences with providing pharmaceutical care for older people with sensory impairment. Methods Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with community pharmacy personnel across Scotland between 2015 and 2016. Results Thirty interviews were completed with community pharmacists (n = 17) and other pharmacy personnel (n = 13). Two overarching themes emerged: safety and communication. Interviewees reported patients' reluctance to disclose their impairment “patients are very good at hiding it” and had considerable safety concerns “it's a fear that they're going to take too much … accidentally taking the same medicine twice”. Difficulties in communication were cited “no matter what you do or how you label things, leaflets and telling people, things can go wrong”. Additionally, interviewees identified training needs to increase their disability awareness and to identify strategies to provide safe and reliable pharmaceutical care to this vulnerable group “We don't specifically have anything in place to deal with anyone with impairments of that kind”. Conclusions This is the first in-depth exploration of providing pharmaceutical care to older people with sensory impairment from the perspective of community pharmacy personnel. Strategies are needed to encourage older people to disclose their sensory impairment. Education and training are also needed to optimise the provision of pharmaceutical care to this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alhusein
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA27AY, England, UK.
| | - K Killick
- NMAHP Research Unit, Unit 13 Scion House, University of Stirling Innovation Park, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4NF, UK.
| | - L Macaden
- Department of Nursing, University of the Highlands & Islands, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, Scotland, UK.
| | - A Smith
- Department of Nursing, University of the Highlands & Islands, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, Scotland, UK.
| | - K Stoddart
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - A Taylor
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA27AY, England, UK.
| | - T Kroll
- Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - M C Watson
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA27AY, England, UK.
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Smith A, Shepherd A, Macaden L, Macleod KL. Raising awareness of sensory impairment among community nurses: a brief intervention in a remote island setting. Rural Remote Health 2018; 18:4548. [PMID: 30126288 DOI: 10.22605/rrh4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of sensory impairment that includes sight and/or hearing impairment is projected to rise worldwide given the strong correlation between sensory impairment, older age and the demographic structure of the global population. Sensory impairment and associated disability is thus a significant global health concern. The prevalence rates for sensory impairment in Scotland are significant: as more people live into older age and as the age distribution in rural areas is markedly different with a higher proportion of older people, the extent of sensory impairment in the rural population will increase proportionally. In rural areas community nurses have a key role in recognising sensory impairment and directing people to sensory services to reduce the debilitating impact of sensory impairment. However, there is limited evidence about the utility of educational interventions to enhance healthcare professionals' knowledge, skills and attitudes about sensory impairment and subsequent impact on referral practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a brief educational intervention with community nurses. The educational intervention was a training workshop that included simulation practice, information on assessment and referral pathways. The study was conducted in a remote island community health setting in the Western Isles of Scotland. The study evaluated nurses' perceptions of the training on their knowledge, attitudes and practice. METHODS Mixed method, longitudinal design was implemented in three phases. Phase 1 was a pre- and post-workshop questionnaire, phase 2 a postal questionnaire 3 months post-workshop and phase 3 a qualitative focus group interview 6 months post-workshop. Kirkpatrick's model of training evaluation provided a framework for data evaluation. RESULTS A total of 41 community based healthcare professionals who were mostly nurses participated in the study. Participants described increased awareness of the potential for their patients to have a sensory impairment, greater understanding and empathy with patients who experience sensory impairment, more robust patient assessment to identify impairment, and increased likelihood to inform of, and refer to, sensory services. CONCLUSIONS Community nurses are often well placed to identity disabilities and patients at risk of injury because of sensory impairment. Participation in simulation training can help to develop greater awareness of the impact of that sensory impairment. Knowledge of specialist services will increase the opportunities for referral to services and impact positively on the lives of older people living in rural settings. Provision of accessible education on sensory impairment for health and social care professionals can enhance care delivery to older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annetta Smith
- University of the Highlands and Islands, 12b Ness Walk, Inverness, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Leah Macaden
- University of the Highlands and Islands, 12b Ness Walk, Inverness, Scotland, UK
| | - Karen L Macleod
- NHS Western Isles, 37 South Beach St, Stornoway, Isle of Lewis, UK
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Alhusein N, Macaden L, Smith A, Stoddart KM, Taylor AJ, Killick K, Kroll T, Watson MC. 'Has she seen me? ': a multiple methods study of the pharmaceutical care needs of older people with sensory impairment in Scotland. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023198. [PMID: 30082364 PMCID: PMC6078270 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the pharmaceutical care needs of, and service provision to, older people with sensory impairment (visual, hearing and dual impairment) on prescribed polypharmacy (≥4 medicines) in Scotland. DESIGN Interviews were conducted with older people with sensory impairment and community pharmacy personnel, which informed the content of a subsequent national cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists. SETTING Scotland, 2015-2016. PARTICIPANTS Older people with sensory impairment and community pharmacy personnel. RESULTS Interviews were completed with 23 older people with sensory impairment (dual impairment n=13, visual or hearing impairment n=5 of each) and 30 community pharmacy personnel from eight of 14 Scottish Health Boards. A total of 171 survey responses were received.Older people reported that they did not always disclose their sensory impairment to pharmacy personnel. They also reported that medicines were difficult to identify particularly when their name, shape or colour changed. Pharmacy personnel relied on visible cues such as white canes or guide dogs to identify visual impairment and suggested that hearing loss was less visible and more difficult to identify. Many assistive aids in support of medicine management, such as dosette boxes, seemed inadequate for complex medication regimens. Few community pharmacy personnel reported receiving training in the care of people with sensory impairment. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive, multistakeholder, in-depth exploration of the pharmaceutical care needs of older people with sensory impairment. Strategies are needed to enable people with sensory impairment to disclose their impairment to pharmacy personnel (and other healthcare providers). Community pharmacy personnel require training to deliver person-centred pharmaceutical care for older people with sensory impairment particularly regarding communication with individuals in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Alhusein
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Leah Macaden
- Department of Nursing, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highland and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Annetta Smith
- Department of Nursing, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highland and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | | | - Andrea J Taylor
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Kirsty Killick
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thilo Kroll
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret C Watson
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Alhusein N, Killick K, Macaden L, Smith A, Stoddart K, Taylor A, Kroll T, Watson M. A multiple methods study on the pharmaceutical care needs of older people with sensory impairment and polypharmacy. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Killick K, Macaden L, Smith A, Kroll T, Stoddart K, Watson MC. A scoping review of the pharmaceutical care needs of people with sensory loss. Int J Pharm Pract 2018; 26:380-386. [PMID: 29920822 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This scoping review collated evidence of the pharmaceutical care needs of people with sensory loss (SL). METHODS Electronic databases were searched with no limit on year of publication: Medline (1946); Embase; Cinahl (1979); and Web of Science (1985). Search terms included the following: pharmacy; sight/hearing/dual impairment. Studies were included if they involved people with SL requiring pharmaceutical care and/or pharmacists/pharmacy support staff providing pharmaceutical care for people with SL. All study designs were eligible. This was a scoping review, and as such, the quality of studies was not formally evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Eleven studies were included. People with SL had lower levels of medication knowledge than their peers without SL. People with SL were identified as being at higher risk of iatrogenic harm than people without SL. Communication was a barrier to the provision of pharmaceutical care for people with hearing loss, with pharmacists relying on the provision of written information. The prevalence of SL increases with age, yet only two studies included older people. No studies involved family or carers of people with SL, people with dual loss or people with SL receiving polypharmacy. CONCLUSIONS There is a paucity of data regarding the pharmaceutical care needs of people with SL. Unmet pharmaceutical care needs put people with SL at increased risk of harm from their medicines. A detailed understanding of the needs of people with SL is required which will inform future delivery of pharmaceutical care for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Killick
- Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Leah Macaden
- Department of Nursing, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Annetta Smith
- Department of Nursing, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Thilo Kroll
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, UCD Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kathleen Stoddart
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Macaden
- Lecturer, Department of Nursing, School of Health, Social Care and Life Sciences, University of the Highlands & Islands, Inverness
| | - Annetta Smith
- Senior Lecturer and Head of Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of Health, Social Care and Life Sciences, University of the Highlands & Islands, Inverness
| | - Suzanne Croy
- Lecturer, Division of Mental Health Nursing and Counselling, School of Social and Health Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee
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Kyle RG, Medford W, Blundell J, Webster E, Munoz SA, Macaden L. Learning and unlearning dignity in care: Experiential and experimental educational approaches. Nurse Educ Pract 2017; 25:50-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Macaden L, Kyle RG, Medford W, Blundell J, Munoz SA, Webster E. Student nurses' perceptions of dignity in the care of older people. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 26:274-280. [DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2017.26.5.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Macaden
- Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling (Highland Campus)
| | - Richard G Kyle
- Reader, School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University
| | - Wayne Medford
- Research Fellow, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, University of Durham
| | - Julie Blundell
- Professional Doctorate Student in Health and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge
| | - Sarah-Anne Munoz
- Senior Lecturer, Division of Health Research, University of the Highlands and Islands
| | - Elaine Webster
- Lecturer, Centre for the Study of Human Rights Law, University of Strathclyde
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22
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Munoz SA, Macaden L, Kyle R, Webster E. Revealing student nurses' perceptions of human dignity through curriculum co-design. Soc Sci Med 2017; 174:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Macaden L, Washington M, Smith A, Thooya V, P. Selvam S, George N, K. Mony P. Continuing Professional Development: Needs, Facilitators and Barriers of Registered Nurses in India in Rural and Remote Settings: Findings from a Cross Sectional Survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ojn.2017.78069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Schoultz M, Macaden L, Watson AJM. Co-designing inflammatory bowel disease (Ibd) services in Scotland: findings from a nationwide survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:231. [PMID: 27391695 PMCID: PMC4939055 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Scottish Government’s ambition is to ensure that health services are co-designed with the communities they serve. Crohn’s and Colitis UK and the Scottish Government acknowledged the need to review and update the current IBD care model. An online survey was conducted asking IBD patients about their experiences of the NHS care they receive. This survey was the first step of co-designing and developing a national strategy for IBD service improvement in Scotland. Aim: To explore IBD patients’ experiences of current services and make recommendations for future service development. Methods This study was part of a wider cross-sectional on-line survey. Participants were patients with IBD across Scotland. 777 people with IBD took part in the survey. Thematic analysis of all data was conducted independently by two researchers. Results Three key themes emerged: Quality of life: Participants highlighted the impact the disease has on quality of life and the desperate need for IBD services to address this more holistically. IBD clinicians and access: Participants recognised the need for more IBD nurses and gastroenterologists along with better access to them. Those with a named IBD nurse reported to be more satisfied with their care. An explicit IBD care pathway: Patients with IBD identified the need of making the IBD care pathway more explicit to service users. Conclusions Participants expressed the need for a more holistic approach to their IBD care. This includes integrating psychological, counselling and dietetic services into IBD care with better access to IBD clinicians and a more explicit IBD care pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1490-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyana Schoultz
- School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Highland Campus, Inverness, UK.
| | - Leah Macaden
- School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Highland Campus, Inverness, UK
| | - Angus J M Watson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Highland Campus, Inverness, UK
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25
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Schoultz M, Macaden L, Hubbard G. Participants' perspectives on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a qualitative study nested within a pilot randomised controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2016; 2:3. [PMID: 27965824 PMCID: PMC5153874 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-015-0041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mindfulness-based interventions have shown to improve depression and anxiety symptoms as well as quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, little is known about the experiences of this group of patients participating in mindfulness interventions. This paper sets out to explore the perspectives of patients with IBD recruited to a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) about the intervention. Methods In a qualitative study nested within a parallel two-arm pilot RCT of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for patients with IBD, two focus group interviews (using the same schedule) and a free text postal survey were conducted. Data from both were analysed using thematic analysis. Data and investigator triangulation was performed to enhance confidence in the ensuing findings. Forty-four patients with IBD were recruited to the pilot RCT from gastroenterology outpatient clinics from two Scottish NHS boards. Eighteen of these patients (ten from mindfulness intervention and eight from control group) also completed a postal survey and participated in two focus groups after completing post intervention assessments. Results The major themes that emerged from the data were the following: perceived benefits of MBCT for IBD, barriers to attending MBCT and expectations about MBCT. Participants identified MBCT as a therapeutic, educational and an inclusive process as key benefits of the intervention. Key barriers included time and travel constraints. Conclusions This qualitative study has demonstrated the acceptability of MBCT in a group of patients with IBD. Participants saw MBCT as a therapeutic and educational initiative that transformed their relationship with the illness. The inclusive process and shared experience of MBCT alleviated the sense of social isolation commonly associated with IBD. However, time commitment and travel were recognised as a barrier to MBCT which could potentially influence the degree of therapeutic gain from MBCT for some participants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40814-015-0041-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyana Schoultz
- School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Highland Campus, Inverness, UK
| | - Leah Macaden
- School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Highland Campus, Inverness, UK
| | - Gill Hubbard
- School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Highland Campus, Inverness, UK
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Macaden L. Being Dementia Smart (BDS): A Dementia Nurse Education Journey in Scotland. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh 2016; 13:/j/ijnes.2016.13.issue-1/ijnes-2015-0019/ijnes-2015-0019.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/ijnes-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThere is a global demographic transition secondary to population ageing. The number of older people living with multimorbidities including dementia has been significantly rising both in developed and developing countries. It is estimated that there would be 74.7 million people living with dementia by 2030 that would escalate to 135.46 million by 2050. 62 % of people with dementia currently live in low and middle income countries that are very poorly resourced to cope with this epidemic. Dementia is now duly recognised as a national priority within the UK and a global priority at the 2013 G8 Summit. Management and care of an individual with dementia requires a multidisciplinary approach with expertise and a competent skill base. Nurses are central to the delivery of dementia care delivery in hospitals, community and residential care settings. It is against this background that this pre-registration integrated dementia curriculum was developed to build capacity and capability with dementia expertise among the future nursing workforce in Scotland in line with the National Dementia Strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Macaden
- 1School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Centre for Health Science Old Perth Road, Inverness IV2 3JH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibi C Varghese
- Tutor, St. Theresa of Child Jesus School of Nursing, Chennai, South India
| | - Leah Macaden
- Lecturer in Older Person's Care, School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health, University of Stirling, Scotland
| | | | | | - Saravanan Kumar
- Research Fellow, Department of Biostatistics; Christian Medical College, Vellore, South India
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