1
|
Sekita A, Okazaki Y, Katayama T. Dietary phytic acid prevents fatty liver by reducing expression of hepatic lipogenic enzymes and modulates gut microflora in rats fed a high-sucrose diet. Nutrition 2016; 32:720-2. [PMID: 27038764 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of phytic acid (PA) on fatty liver and gut microflora in rats fed a high-sucrose (HSC) diet. METHODS Three groups of rats were fed a high-starch (HSR) diet or an HSC diet with or without 1.02% sodium PA for 12 d. We evaluated hepatic weight, total lipids, and triacylglycerol (TG) levels, the activities and expression of hepatic lipogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme 1, and fatty acid synthetase), and fecal microflora. RESULTS The HSC diet significantly increased hepatic total lipids and TG levels, and the activities and expression of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes compared with the HSR diet. These upregulations were clearly suppressed by dietary PA. Consumption of PA elevated the fecal ratio of Lactobacillus spp. and depressed the ratio of Clostridium cocoides, and suppressed the elevation in the ratio of C. leptum induced by the HSC diet. CONCLUSION This work showed that dietary PA ameliorates sucrose-induced fatty liver through reducing the expression of hepatic lipogenesis genes and modulates gut microflora in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Sekita
- Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Fuji Women's University, Ishikari, Japan
| | - Yukako Okazaki
- Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Fuji Women's University, Ishikari, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonzalez Malagon SG, Melidoni AN, Hernandez D, Omar BA, Houseman L, Veeravalli S, Scott F, Varshavi D, Everett J, Tsuchiya Y, Timms JF, Phillips IR, Shephard EA. The phenotype of a knockout mouse identifies flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 (FMO5) as a regulator of metabolic ageing. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 96:267-77. [PMID: 26049045 PMCID: PMC4509511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the production and metabolic phenotype of a mouse line in which the Fmo5 gene is disrupted. In comparison with wild-type (WT) mice, Fmo5(-/-) mice exhibit a lean phenotype, which is age-related, becoming apparent after 20 weeks of age. Despite greater food intake, Fmo5(-/-) mice weigh less, store less fat in white adipose tissue (WAT), have lower plasma glucose and cholesterol concentrations and enhanced whole-body energy expenditure, due mostly to increased resting energy expenditure, with no increase in physical activity. An increase in respiratory exchange ratio during the dark phase, the period in which the mice are active, indicates a switch from fat to carbohydrate oxidation. In comparison with WT mice, the rate of fatty acid oxidation in Fmo5(-/-) mice is higher in WAT, which would contribute to depletion of lipid stores in this tissue, and lower in skeletal muscle. Five proteins were down regulated in the liver of Fmo5(-/-) mice: aldolase B, ketohexokinase and cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) are involved in glucose or fructose metabolism and GPD1 also in production of glycerol 3-phosphate, a precursor of triglyceride biosynthesis; HMG-CoA synthase 1 is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis; and malic enzyme 1 catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate, in the process producing NADPH for use in lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis. Down regulation of these proteins provides a potential explanation for the reduced fat deposits and lower plasma cholesterol characteristic of Fmo5(-/-) mice. Our results indicate that disruption of the Fmo5 gene slows metabolic ageing via pleiotropic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna N Melidoni
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Diana Hernandez
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Bilal A Omar
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Lyndsey Houseman
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sunil Veeravalli
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Flora Scott
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Dorsa Varshavi
- Medway Metabonomics Research Group, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Jeremy Everett
- Medway Metabonomics Research Group, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Yugo Tsuchiya
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John F Timms
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ian R Phillips
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Shephard
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dahlhoff M, Pfister S, Blutke A, Rozman J, Klingenspor M, Deutsch MJ, Rathkolb B, Fink B, Gimpfl M, Hrabě de Angelis M, Roscher AA, Wolf E, Ensenauer R. Peri-conceptional obesogenic exposure induces sex-specific programming of disease susceptibilities in adult mouse offspring. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014. [PMID: 24275555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.ll.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Vulnerability of the fetus upon maternal obesity can potentially occur during all developmental phases. We aimed at elaborating longer-term health outcomes of fetal overnutrition during the earliest stages of development. We utilized Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice to induce pre-conceptional and gestational obesity and followed offspring outcomes in the absence of any postnatal obesogenic influences. Male adult offspring developed overweight, insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, hyperuricemia and hepatic steatosis; all these features were not observed in females. Instead, they showed impaired fasting glucose and a reduced fat mass and adipocyte size. Influences of the interaction of maternal diet∗sex concerned offspring genes involved in fatty liver disease, lipid droplet size regulation and fat mass expansion. These data suggest that a peri-conceptional obesogenic exposure is sufficient to shape offspring gene expression patterns and health outcomes in a sex- and organ-specific manner, indicating varying developmental vulnerabilities between sexes towards metabolic disease in response to maternal overnutrition.
Collapse
Key Words
- ANOVA
- ATP citrate lyase
- AUC
- Acaca
- Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase 1
- Acly
- Actb
- Analysis of variance
- Area under the curve
- B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2
- BW
- Bax
- Bcl2
- Bcl2-associated X protein
- Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2 (also known as seipin)
- Beta-actin
- Body weight
- Bscl2
- CD
- CET
- CT
- Carbon dioxide production
- Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1
- Cd36
- Cd36 antigen
- Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunit-like effector A
- Central European Time
- Cidea
- Computed tomography
- Control diet
- Cpt1
- Day post coitum
- EEC
- European Economic Commission
- Exposure to maternal control diet
- Exposure to maternal high-fat, high-calorie diet
- FA
- Fabp4
- Fasn
- Fatty acid
- Fatty acid binding protein 4
- Fatty acid synthase
- GR
- GTT
- Glucocorticoid receptor
- Glucose tolerance test
- H&E
- HFD
- HMW
- HOMA-IR
- HP
- Hairy and enhancer of split 1
- Heat production
- Hematoxylin–eosin
- Hes1
- High-fat, high-calorie diet
- High-molecular-weight
- Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
- Lep
- Leptin
- MD
- MDA
- MRI
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Maintenance diet
- Malic enzyme 1
- Malondialdehyde
- Me1
- Mesoderm-specific transcript/imprinted paternally expressed gene 1 (also known as Peg1)
- Mest
- N
- NAFLD
- NEFA
- NMRI
- NRL
- Naval Medical Research Institute
- Nitrogen
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Non-esterified fatty acid
- Nose–rump-length
- Nr1h3
- Nr3c1
- Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3 (also known as Lxra, liver X receptor alpha)
- Nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (also known as Gr, glucocorticoid receptor)
- Obesity
- Offspring
- Oxygen consumption
- PFA
- Paraformaldehyde
- Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (also known as Atgl, adipose triglyceride lipase)
- Peptidylprolyl isomerase A
- Peri-conceptional
- Perilipin 2
- Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha
- Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma
- Plin2
- Pnpla2
- Ppara
- Pparg
- Ppia
- Pregnancy
- Programming
- RER
- ROI
- Region of interest
- Respiratory exchange ratio
- S.e.m.
- Scd2
- Secreted frizzled-related sequence protein 5
- Sex-specificity
- Sfrp5
- Srebf1
- Standard error of the mean
- Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 2
- Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1
- TBARS
- Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
- Ube2d2
- Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D 2
- VCO(2)
- VO(2)
- dpc
- mat-CD
- mat-HFD
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Dahlhoff
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - S Pfister
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - A Blutke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - J Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else-Kröner Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - M Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else-Kröner Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - M J Deutsch
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - B Rathkolb
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - B Fink
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - M Gimpfl
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - M Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354 Freising, Germany; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - A A Roscher
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - E Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - R Ensenauer
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dahlhoff M, Pfister S, Blutke A, Rozman J, Klingenspor M, Deutsch MJ, Rathkolb B, Fink B, Gimpfl M, Hrabě de Angelis M, Roscher AA, Wolf E, Ensenauer R. Peri-conceptional obesogenic exposure induces sex-specific programming of disease susceptibilities in adult mouse offspring. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:304-17. [PMID: 24275555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerability of the fetus upon maternal obesity can potentially occur during all developmental phases. We aimed at elaborating longer-term health outcomes of fetal overnutrition during the earliest stages of development. We utilized Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice to induce pre-conceptional and gestational obesity and followed offspring outcomes in the absence of any postnatal obesogenic influences. Male adult offspring developed overweight, insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, hyperuricemia and hepatic steatosis; all these features were not observed in females. Instead, they showed impaired fasting glucose and a reduced fat mass and adipocyte size. Influences of the interaction of maternal diet∗sex concerned offspring genes involved in fatty liver disease, lipid droplet size regulation and fat mass expansion. These data suggest that a peri-conceptional obesogenic exposure is sufficient to shape offspring gene expression patterns and health outcomes in a sex- and organ-specific manner, indicating varying developmental vulnerabilities between sexes towards metabolic disease in response to maternal overnutrition.
Collapse
Key Words
- ANOVA
- ATP citrate lyase
- AUC
- Acaca
- Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase 1
- Acly
- Actb
- Analysis of variance
- Area under the curve
- B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2
- BW
- Bax
- Bcl2
- Bcl2-associated X protein
- Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2 (also known as seipin)
- Beta-actin
- Body weight
- Bscl2
- CD
- CET
- CT
- Carbon dioxide production
- Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1
- Cd36
- Cd36 antigen
- Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunit-like effector A
- Central European Time
- Cidea
- Computed tomography
- Control diet
- Cpt1
- Day post coitum
- EEC
- European Economic Commission
- Exposure to maternal control diet
- Exposure to maternal high-fat, high-calorie diet
- FA
- Fabp4
- Fasn
- Fatty acid
- Fatty acid binding protein 4
- Fatty acid synthase
- GR
- GTT
- Glucocorticoid receptor
- Glucose tolerance test
- H&E
- HFD
- HMW
- HOMA-IR
- HP
- Hairy and enhancer of split 1
- Heat production
- Hematoxylin–eosin
- Hes1
- High-fat, high-calorie diet
- High-molecular-weight
- Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
- Lep
- Leptin
- MD
- MDA
- MRI
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Maintenance diet
- Malic enzyme 1
- Malondialdehyde
- Me1
- Mesoderm-specific transcript/imprinted paternally expressed gene 1 (also known as Peg1)
- Mest
- N
- NAFLD
- NEFA
- NMRI
- NRL
- Naval Medical Research Institute
- Nitrogen
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Non-esterified fatty acid
- Nose–rump-length
- Nr1h3
- Nr3c1
- Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3 (also known as Lxra, liver X receptor alpha)
- Nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (also known as Gr, glucocorticoid receptor)
- Obesity
- Offspring
- Oxygen consumption
- PFA
- Paraformaldehyde
- Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (also known as Atgl, adipose triglyceride lipase)
- Peptidylprolyl isomerase A
- Peri-conceptional
- Perilipin 2
- Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha
- Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma
- Plin2
- Pnpla2
- Ppara
- Pparg
- Ppia
- Pregnancy
- Programming
- RER
- ROI
- Region of interest
- Respiratory exchange ratio
- S.e.m.
- Scd2
- Secreted frizzled-related sequence protein 5
- Sex-specificity
- Sfrp5
- Srebf1
- Standard error of the mean
- Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 2
- Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1
- TBARS
- Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
- Ube2d2
- Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D 2
- VCO(2)
- VO(2)
- dpc
- mat-CD
- mat-HFD
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Dahlhoff
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - S Pfister
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - A Blutke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - J Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else-Kröner Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - M Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else-Kröner Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - M J Deutsch
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - B Rathkolb
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - B Fink
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - M Gimpfl
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - M Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354 Freising, Germany; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - A A Roscher
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - E Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - R Ensenauer
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|