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Borgonetti V, Biagi M, Galeotti N, Manetti F, Governa P. Investigation on the neuroprotective effect of a cannabidiol-enriched non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. extract in an in vitro model of excitotoxicity. Fitoterapia 2022; 163:105315. [PMID: 36179898 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of a cannabidiol-enriched non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. extract (CSE) and its main constituents, cannabidiol and β-caryophyllene. An in vitro model of glutamate-induced neuronal excitotoxicity using SH-SY5Y cells was optimized. The impact of CSE on glutamate-impaired cell viability, brain-derived neurotrophic factor release, CB1 protein expression, and ERK levels was evaluated. The involvement of CB1 modulation was verified by the cotreatment with the CB1 antagonist AM4113. CSE was able to significantly protect SH-SY5Y from glutamate-impaired cell viability, and to counteract the changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, with a mechanism of action involving ERK modulation. Moreover, CSE completely reversed the reduction of CB1 receptor expression induced by glutamate, and the presence of the CB1 antagonist AM4113 reduced CSE effectiveness, suggesting that CBr play a role in the modulation of neuronal excitotoxicity. This work demonstrated the in vitro effectiveness of CSE as a neuroprotective agent, proposing the whole cannabis phytocomplex as a more effective strategy, compared to its main constituents alone, and suggested further investigations by using more complex cell models before moving to in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Governa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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2
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Narimatsu E, Kakizaki R, Nomura K, Sawamoto K, Takahashi K, Uemura S, Ishiguro M. Dexmedetomidine improves excessive extracellular glutamate-induced synaptic depression (BRAINRES-D-21-00941). Brain Res 2022; 1789:147949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Marcelino H, Carvalho TMA, Tomás J, Teles FI, Honório AC, Rosa CB, Costa AR, Costa BM, Santos CRA, Sebastião AM, Cascalheira JF. Adenosine Inhibits Cell Proliferation Differently in Human Astrocytes and in Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Neuroscience 2021; 467:122-133. [PMID: 34033870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain primary tumour. Hypoxic regions in GBM are associated to tumour growth. Adenosine accumulates in hypoxic regions and can affect cell proliferation and survival. However, how proliferating GBM cells respond/adapt to increased adenosine levels compared to human astrocytes (HA) is not clarified and was addressed in the present work. GBM cell lines and HA were treated for 3 days with test drugs. Thirty Adenosine (30 µM) caused a 43% ± 5% (P < 0.05) reduction of cell proliferation/viability in HA, through an adenosine receptor-independent mechanism, but had no effect in GBM cell lines U87MG, U373MG and SNB19. Contrastingly, inhibition of adenosine phosphorylation (using the adenosine kinase (ADK) inhibitor 5-iodotubercidin (ITU) (25 µM)), produced a strong and similar decrease on cell proliferation in both HA and GBM cells. The effect of adenosine on HA proliferation/viability was potentiated by 100 µM-homocysteine. Combined application of 30 µM-adenosine and 100 µM-homocysteine reduced the cell proliferation/viability in all three GBM cell lines, but this reduction was much lower than that observed in HA. Adenosine alone did not induce cell death, assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, both in HA and GBM cells, but potentiated the cytotoxic effect of homocysteine in HA and in U87MG and U373MG cells. Results show a strong attenuation of adenosine anti-proliferative effect in GBM cells compared to HA, probably resulting from increased adenosine elimination by ADK, suggesting a proliferative-prone adaptation of tumour cells to increased adenosine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Marcelino
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M A Carvalho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Joana Tomás
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Francisca I Teles
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Honório
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carolina B Rosa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana R Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José F Cascalheira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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The Detrimental Action of Adenosine on Glutamate-Induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells Can Be Shifted towards a Neuroprotective Role through A 1AR Positive Allosteric Modulation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051242. [PMID: 32443448 PMCID: PMC7290574 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate cytotoxicity is implicated in neuronal death in different neurological disorders including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. Adenosine is a nucleoside that plays an important role in modulating neuronal activity and its receptors have been identified as promising therapeutic targets for glutamate cytotoxicity. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the role of adenosine and its receptors on glutamate-induced injury in PC12 cells and to verify the protective effect of the novel A1 adenosine receptor positive allosteric modulator, TRR469. Flow cytometry experiments to detect apoptosis revealed that adenosine has a dual role in glutamate cytotoxicity, with A2A and A2B adenosine receptor (AR) activation exacerbating and A1 AR activation improving glutamate-induced cell injury. The overall effect of endogenous adenosine in PC12 cells resulted in a facilitating action on glutamate cytotoxicity, as demonstrated by the use of adenosine deaminase and selective antagonists. However, enhancing the action of endogenous adenosine on A1ARs by TRR469 completely abrogated glutamate-mediated cell death, caspase 3/7 activation, ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Our results indicate a novel potential therapeutic strategy against glutamate cytotoxicity based on the positive allosteric modulation of A1ARs.
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Rousset F, Nacher-Soler G, Coelho M, Ilmjarv S, Kokje VBC, Marteyn A, Cambet Y, Perny M, Roccio M, Jaquet V, Senn P, Krause KH. Redox activation of excitatory pathways in auditory neurons as mechanism of age-related hearing loss. Redox Biol 2020; 30:101434. [PMID: 32000019 PMCID: PMC7016250 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing (ARHL) loss affects a large part of the human population with a major impact on our aging societies. Yet, underlying mechanisms are not understood, and no validated therapy or prevention exists. NADPH oxidases (NOX), are important sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cochlea and might therefore be involved in the pathogenesis of ARHL. Here we investigate ARHL in a mouse model. Wild type mice showed early loss of hearing and cochlear integrity, while animals deficient in the NOX subunit p22phox remained unaffected up to six months. Genes of the excitatory pathway were down-regulated in p22phox-deficient auditory neurons. Our results demonstrate that NOX activity leads to upregulation of genes of the excitatory pathway, to excitotoxic cochlear damage, and ultimately to ARHL. In the absence of functional NOXs, aging mice conserve hearing and cochlear morphology. Our study offers new insights into pathomechanisms and future therapeutic targets of ARHL. Mice devoid of NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity are protected from age-related hearing loss. Cochlear NOX expression shows a similar pattern in mouse and human. NOX3, the predominant NOX isoform in the cochlea, is mostly expressed in auditory neurons. NOX-deficient auditory neurons show decreased transcription of glutamatergic pathway and are protected from excitotoxicity. NOX-mediated gene regulation within auditory neurons contributes to age-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Rousset
- Hearing and Olfaction Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - German Nacher-Soler
- Hearing and Olfaction Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Coelho
- Hearing and Olfaction Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sten Ilmjarv
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vivianne Beatrix Christina Kokje
- Hearing and Olfaction Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Marteyn
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Cambet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; READS Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Perny
- Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inselspital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marta Roccio
- Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inselspital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; READS Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Senn
- Hearing and Olfaction Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Service of ORL & Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Marcelino H, Nogueira VC, Santos CRA, Quelhas P, Carvalho TMA, Fonseca-Gomes J, Tomás J, Diógenes MJ, Sebastião AM, Cascalheira JF. Adenosine inhibits human astrocyte proliferation independently of adenosine receptor activation. J Neurochem 2019; 153:455-467. [PMID: 31811731 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain adenosine concentrations can reach micromolar concentrations in stressful situations such as stroke, neurodegenerative diseases or hypoxic regions of brain tumours. Adenosine can act by receptor-independent mechanism by reversing the reaction catalysed by S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase, leading to SAH accumulation and inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases. Astrocytes are essential in maintaining brain homeostasis but their pathological activation and uncontrolled proliferation plays a role in neurodegeneration and glioma. Adenosine can affect cell proliferation, but the effect of increased adenosine concentration on proliferation of astrocytes is not clarified and was addressed in present work. Human astrocytes (HA) were treated for 3 days with test drugs. Cell proliferation/viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium assay and by cell counting. Cell death was evaluated by assessing lactate dehydrogenase release and by western blot analysis of αII-Spectrin cleavage. 30 µM-Adenosine caused a 40% ± 3% (p < .05, n = 5) reduction in cell proliferation/viability, an effect reversed by 2U/ml-adenosine deaminase, but unchanged in the presence of antagonists of any of the adenosine receptors. Adenosine alone did not induce cell death. 100 µM-Homocysteine alone caused 16% ± 3% (p < .05) decrease in HA proliferation. Combined action of adenosine and homocysteine decreased HA proliferation by 76% ± 4%, an effect higher (p < .05) than the sum of the effects of adenosine and homocysteine alone (56% ± 5%). The inhibitory effect of adenosine on HA proliferation/viability was mimicked by two adenosine kinase inhibitors and attenuated in the presence of folate (100 µM) or SAM (50-100 µM). The results suggest that adenosine reduces HA proliferation by a receptor-independent mechanism probably involving reversal of SAH hydrolase-catalysed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Marcelino
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Vanda C Nogueira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Quelhas
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M A Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Fonseca-Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Tomás
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José F Cascalheira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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7
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Antonazzo M, Botta M, Bengoetxea H, Ruiz-Ortega JÁ, Morera-Herreras T. Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids as neuroprotective agents for damaged cells conducing to movement disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 146:229-257. [PMID: 31349929 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG), an organized network of nuclei that integrates cortical information, play a crucial role in controlling motor function. In fact, movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD) are caused by the degeneration of specific structures within the BG. There is substantial evidence supporting the idea that cannabinoids may constitute novel promising compounds for the treatment of movement disorders as neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agents. This potential therapeutic role of cannabinoids is based, among other qualities, on their capacity to reduce oxidative injury and excitotoxicity, control calcium influx and limit the toxicity of reactive microglia. The mechanisms involved in these effects are related to CB1 and CB2 receptor activation, although some of the effects are CB receptor independent. Thus, taking into account the aforementioned properties, compounds that act on the endocannabinoid system could be useful as a basis for developing disease-modifying therapies for PD and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Antonazzo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María Botta
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Harkaitz Bengoetxea
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - José Ángel Ruiz-Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
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8
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Yakoub KM, Lazzarino G, Amorini AM, Caruso G, Scazzone C, Ciaccio M, Tavazzi B, Lazzarino G, Belli A, Di Pietro V. Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Protects Hippocampal Rat Slices from NMDA Excitotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092239. [PMID: 31067671 PMCID: PMC6540300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-P2) towards N-methyl-d-aspartate NMDA excitotoxicity were evaluated in rat organotypic hippocampal brain slice cultures (OHSC) challenged for 3 h with 30 μM NMDA, followed by incubations (24, 48, and 72 h) without (controls) and with F-1,6-P2 (0.5, 1 or 1.5 mM). At each time, cell necrosis was determined by measuring LDH in the medium. Energy metabolism was evaluated by measuring ATP, GTP, ADP, AMP, and ATP catabolites (nucleosides and oxypurines) in deproteinized OHSC extracts. Gene expressions of phosphofructokinase, aldolase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were also measured. F-1,6-P2 dose-dependently decreased NMDA excitotoxicity, abolishing cell necrosis at the highest concentration tested (1.5 mM). Additionally, F-1,6-P2 attenuated cell energy imbalance caused by NMDA, ameliorating the mitochondrial phosphorylating capacity (increase in ATP/ADP ratio) Metabolism normalization occurred when using 1.5 mM F-1,6-P2. Remarkable increase in expressions of phosphofructokinase, aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (up to 25 times over the values of controls) was also observed. Since this phenomenon was recorded even in OHSC treated with F-1,6-P2 with no prior challenge with NMDA, it is highly conceivable that F-1,6-P2 can enter into intact cerebral cells producing significant benefits on energy metabolism. These effects are possibly mediated by changes occurring at the gene level, thus opening new perspectives for F-1,6-P2 application as a useful adjuvant to rescue mitochondrial metabolism of cerebral cells under stressing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal M Yakoub
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela M Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Oasi Research Institute⁻IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina (EN), Italy.
| | - Concetta Scazzone
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Belli
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
| | - Valentina Di Pietro
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
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Bucolo C, Platania CBM, Drago F, Bonfiglio V, Reibaldi M, Avitabile T, Uva M. Novel Therapeutics in Glaucoma Management. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:978-992. [PMID: 28925883 PMCID: PMC6120119 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170915142727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell death and alterations of visual field. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered the main risk factor of glaucoma, even though other factors cannot be ruled out, such as epigenetic mechanisms. OBJECTIVE An overview of the ultimate promising experimental drugs to manage glaucoma has been provided. RESULTS In particular, we have focused on purinergic ligands, KATP channel activators, gases (nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide), non-glucocorticoid steroidal compounds, neurotrophic factors, PI3K/Akt activators, citicoline, histone deacetylase inhibitors, cannabinoids, dopamine and serotonin receptors ligands, small interference RNA, and Rho kinase inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS The review has been also endowed of a brief chapter on last reports about potential neuroprotective benefits of anti-glaucoma drugs already present in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bucolo
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; Tel: +39 095 4781196;
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10
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The endocannabinoid system, a novel and key participant in acupuncture's multiple beneficial effects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:340-357. [PMID: 28412017 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture and its modified forms have been used to treat multiple medical conditions, but whether the diverse effects of acupuncture are intrinsically linked at the cellular and molecular level and how they might be connected have yet to be determined. Recently, an emerging role for the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the regulation of a variety of physiological/pathological conditions has been identified. Overlap between the biological and therapeutic effects induced by ECS activation and acupuncture has facilitated investigations into the participation of ECS in the acupuncture-induced beneficial effects, which have shed light on the idea that the ECS may be a primary mediator and regulatory factor of acupuncture's beneficial effects. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature concerning the role of endocannabinoid signaling in the various effects of acupuncture, and suggests a novel notion that acupuncture may restore homeostasis under different pathological conditions by regulating similar networks of signaling pathways, resulting in the activation of different reaction cascades in specific tissues in response to pathological insults.
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Mouro FM, Batalha VL, Ferreira DG, Coelho JE, Baqi Y, Müller CE, Lopes LV, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM. Chronic and acute adenosine A 2A receptor blockade prevents long-term episodic memory disruption caused by acute cannabinoid CB 1 receptor activation. Neuropharmacology 2017; 117:316-327. [PMID: 28235548 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid-mediated memory impairment is a concern in cannabinoid-based therapies. Caffeine exacerbates cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R)-induced memory deficits through an adenosine A1 receptor-mediated mechanism. We now evaluated how chronic or acute blockade of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) affects long-term episodic memory deficits induced by a single injection of a selective CB1R agonist. Long-term episodic memory was assessed by the novel object recognition (NOR) test. Mice received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the CB1/CB2 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (1 mg/kg) immediately after the NOR training, being tested for novelty recognition 24 h later. Anxiety levels were assessed by the Elevated Plus Maze test, immediately after the NOR. Mice were also tested for exploratory behaviour at the Open Field. For chronic A2AR blockade, KW-6002 (istradefylline) (3 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 30 days; acute blockade of A2ARs was assessed by i.p. injection of SCH 58261 (1 mg/kg) administered either together with WIN 55,212-2 or only 30 min before the NOR test phase. The involvement of CB1Rs was assessed by using the CB1R antagonist, AM251 (3 mg/kg, i.p.). WIN 55,212-2 caused a disruption in NOR, an action absent in mice also receiving AM251, KW-6002 or SCH 58261 during the encoding/consolidation phase; SCH 58251 was ineffective if present during retrieval only. No effects were detected in the Elevated Plus maze or Open Field Test. The finding that CB1R-mediated memory disruption is prevented by antagonism of adenosine A2ARs, highlights a possibility to prevent cognitive side effects when therapeutic application of CB1R drugs is desired.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Benzoxazines/pharmacology
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/toxicity
- Exploratory Behavior/drug effects
- Exploratory Behavior/physiology
- Male
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Maze Learning/physiology
- Memory Disorders/chemically induced
- Memory Disorders/metabolism
- Memory Disorders/prevention & control
- Memory, Episodic
- Memory, Long-Term/drug effects
- Memory, Long-Term/physiology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Purines/administration & dosage
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Recognition, Psychology/drug effects
- Recognition, Psychology/physiology
- Triazoles/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Mouro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vânia L Batalha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana G Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana E Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Younis Baqi
- Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Pharmazeutische Chemie I, University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Pharmazeutische Chemie I, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Luísa V Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim A Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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12
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Zhang B, Zhang JW, Wang WP, Dong RF, Tian S, Zhang C. Effect of lamotrigine on epilepsy-induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in pentylenetetrazole-kindled animal model. Synapse 2016; 71. [PMID: 27733018 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province; The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang 050000 China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province; The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang 050000 China
| | - Wei-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province; The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang 050000 China
| | - Rui-Fang Dong
- Department of Neurology; Cangzhou central Hospital; Cangzhou 061000 China
| | - Shuang Tian
- Department of Neurology; the First Hospital of Shijiazhuang; Shijiazhuang 050000 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurology; the First Hospital of Shijiazhuang; Shijiazhuang 050000 China
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13
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Pinto I, Serpa A, Sebastião AM, Cascalheira JF. The Role of cGMP on Adenosine A 1 Receptor-mediated Inhibition of Synaptic Transmission at the Hippocampus. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:103. [PMID: 27148059 PMCID: PMC4840265 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Both adenosine A1 receptor and cGMP inhibit synaptic transmission at the hippocampus and recently it was found that A1 receptor increased cGMP levels in hippocampus, but the role of cGMP on A1 receptor-mediated inhibition of synaptic transmission remains to be established. In the present work we investigated if blocking the NOS/sGC/cGMP/PKG pathway using nitric oxide synthase (NOS), protein kinase G (PKG), and soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitors modify the A1 receptor effect on synaptic transmission. Neurotransmission was evaluated by measuring the slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) evoked by electrical stimulation at hippocampal slices. N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA, 15 nM), a selective A1 receptor agonist, reversibly decreased the fEPSPs by 54 ± 5%. Incubation of the slices with an inhibitor of NOS (L-NAME, 200 μM) decreased the CPA effect on fEPSPs by 57 ± 9% in female rats. In males, ODQ (10 μM), an sGC inhibitor, decreased the CPA inhibitory effect on fEPSPs by 23 ± 6%, but only when adenosine deaminase (ADA,1 U/ml) was present; similar results were found in females, where ODQ decreased CPA-induced inhibition of fEPSP slope by 23 ± 7%. In male rats, the presence of the PKG inhibitor (KT5823, 1 nM) decreased the CPA effect by 45.0 ± 9%; similar results were obtained in females, where KT5823 caused a 32 ± 9% decrease on the CPA effect. In conclusion, the results suggest that the inhibitory action of adenosine A1 receptors on synaptic transmission at hippocampus is, in part, mediated by the NOS/sGC/cGMP/PKG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Pinto
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior Covilhã, Portugal
| | - André Serpa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of LisbonLisboa, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of LisbonLisboa, Portugal
| | - José F Cascalheira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira InteriorCovilhã, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Beira InteriorCovilhã, Portugal
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