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Li X, Wang J, Liao C, Yang X, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Xue Q, Luo Y, Liu X, Liu Z. The binding of PKCε and MEG2 to STAT3 regulates IL-6-mediated microglial hyperalgesia during inflammatory pain. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23590. [PMID: 38656553 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300152rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Studies have suggested that microglial IL-6 modulates inflammatory pain; however, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. We therefore hypothesized that PKCε and MEG2 competitively bind to STAT3 and contribute to IL-6-mediated microglial hyperalgesia during inflammatory pain. Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to induce hyperalgesia model mice and microglial inflammation. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated using von Frey tests in vivo. The interaction among PKCε, MEG2, and STAT3 was determined using ELISA and immunoprecipitation assay in vitro. The PKCε, MEG2, t-STAT3, pSTAT3Tyr705, pSTAT3Ser727, IL-6, GLUT3, and TREM2 were assessed by Western blot. IL-6 promoter activity and IL-6 concentration were examined using dual luciferase assays and ELISA. Overexpression of PKCε and MEG2 promoted and attenuated inflammatory pain, accompanied by an increase and decrease in IL-6 expression, respectively. PKCε displayed a stronger binding ability to STAT3 when competing with MEG2. STAT3Ser727 phosphorylation increased STAT3 interaction with both PKCε and MEG2. Moreover, LPS increased PKCε, MEG2, pSTAT3Tyr705, pSTAT3Ser727, IL-6, and GLUT3 levels and decreased TREM2 during microglia inflammation. IL-6 promoter activity was enhanced or inhibited by PKCε or MEG2 in the presence of STAT3 and LPS stimulation, respectively. In microglia, overexpression of PKCε and/or MEG2 resulted in the elevation of tSTAT3, pSTAT3Tyr705, pSTAT3Ser727, IL-6, and TREM2, and the reduction of GLUT3. PKCε is more potent than MEG2 when competitively binding to STAT3, displaying dual modulatory effects of IL-6 production, thus regulating the GLUT3 and TREM2 in microglia during inflammatory pain sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junliang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changjian Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingsheng Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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Park JH, Hwang Y, Nguyen YND, Kim HC, Shin EJ. Ramelteon attenuates hippocampal neuronal loss and memory impairment following kainate-induced seizures. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12921. [PMID: 37846173 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the neuroprotective effects of melatonin involve both receptor-dependent and -independent actions. However, little is known about the effects of melatonin receptor activation on the kainate (KA) neurotoxicity. This study examined the effects of repeated post-KA treatment with ramelteon, a selective agonist of melatonin receptors, on neuronal loss, cognitive impairment, and depression-like behaviors following KA-induced seizures. The expression of melatonin receptors decreased in neurons, whereas it was induced in astrocytes 3 and 7 days after seizures elicited by KA (0.12 μg/μL) in the hippocampus of mice. Ramelteon (3 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) mitigated KA-induced oxidative stress and impairment of glutathione homeostasis and promoted the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of Nrf2 in the hippocampus after KA treatment. Ramelteon and melatonin also attenuated microglial activation but did not significantly affect astroglial activation induced by KA, despite the astroglial induction of melatonin receptors after KA treatment. However, ramelteon attenuated KA-induced proinflammatory phenotypic changes in astrocytes. Considering the reciprocal regulation of astroglial and microglial activation, these results suggest ramelteon inhibits microglial activation by regulating astrocyte phenotypic changes. These effects were accompanied by the attenuation of the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) induced by KA. Consequently, ramelteon attenuated the KA-induced hippocampal neuronal loss, memory impairment, and depression-like behaviors; the effects were comparable to those of melatonin. These results suggest that ramelteon-mediated activation of melatonin receptors provides neuroprotection against KA-induced neurotoxicity in the mouse hippocampus by activating Nrf2 signaling to attenuate oxidative stress and restore glutathione homeostasis and by inhibiting NFκB signaling to attenuate neuroinflammatory changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Park
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen Nhi Doan Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Rezayof A, Ghasemzadeh Z, Sahafi OH. Addictive drugs modify neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity to impair memory formation through neurotransmitter imbalances and signaling dysfunction. Neurochem Int 2023; 169:105572. [PMID: 37423274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Drug abuse changes neurophysiological functions at multiple cellular and molecular levels in the addicted brain. Well-supported scientific evidence suggests that drugs negatively affect memory formation, decision-making and inhibition, and emotional and cognitive behaviors. The mesocorticolimbic brain regions are involved in reward-related learning and habitual drug-seeking/taking behaviors to develop physiological and psychological dependence on the drugs. This review highlights the importance of specific drug-induced chemical imbalances resulting in memory impairment through various neurotransmitter receptor-mediated signaling pathways. The mesocorticolimbic modifications in the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) impair reward-related memory formation following drug abuse. The contributions of protein kinases and microRNAs (miRNAs), along with the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation have also been considered in memory impairment underlying drug addiction. Overall, we integrate the research on various types of drug-induced memory impairment in distinguished brain regions and provide a comprehensive review with clinical implications addressing the upcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oveis Hosseinzadeh Sahafi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Mood and behavior regulation: interaction of lithium and dopaminergic system. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02437-1. [PMID: 36843130 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Lithium is one of the most effect mood-stabilizing drugs prescribed especially for bipolar disorder. Lithium has wide range effects on different molecular factors and neural transmission including dopaminergic signaling. On the other hand, mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic signaling is significantly involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. This review article aims to study lithium therapeutic mechanisms, dopaminergic signaling, and the interaction of lithium and dopamine. We concluded that acute and chronic lithium treatments often reduce dopamine synthesis and level in the brain. However, some studies have reported conflicting results following lithium treatment, especially chronic treatment. The dosage, duration, and type of lithium administration, and the brain region selected for measuring dopamine level were not significant differences in different chronic treatments used in previous studies. It was suggested that lithium has various mechanisms affecting dopaminergic signaling and mood, and that many molecular factors can be involved, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), β-catenin, protein kinase B (Akt), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β). Thus, molecular effects of lithium can be the most important mechanisms of lithium that also alter neural transmissions including dopaminergic signaling in mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways.
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Phosphorylation at Ser 727 Increases STAT3 Interaction with PKCε Regulating Neuron–Glia Crosstalk via IL-6-Mediated Hyperalgesia In Vivo and In Vitro. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2782080. [PMID: 35125963 PMCID: PMC8816592 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2782080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods A rat hyperalgesia model was induced using an intraplantar injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or an intrathecal injection of IL-6. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated using von Frey filament tests after intrathecal injections of T-5224 (c-Fos/AP-1 inhibitor), minocycline (Mino, a specific microglia inhibitor), L-2-aminoadipic acid (LAA, an astroglial toxin), PKCε inhibitor peptide, APTSTAT3-9R (STAT3 inhibitor), or anti-IL-6 antibody. The c-Fos, GFAP, Iba-1, PKCε, STAT3, pSTAT3Tyr705 and pSTAT3Ser727, and IL-6 expression at the spinal cord level was assessed by Western blot analysis. The interactive effects of PKCε and STAT3 were determined using immunofluorescence staining and immunoprecipitation in vivo and in vitro. Interleukin-6 promoter activity was examined using luciferase assays. Results T-5224, Mino, and LAA attenuated FCA- or IL-6-mediated inflammatory pain, with a decrease in c-Fos, GFAP, Iba-1, PKCε, and IL-6 expression. PKCε inhibitor peptide and APTSTAT3-9R reversed FCA-induced nociceptive behavior, while decreasing pSTAT3Ser727, IL-6, c-Fos, GFAP, and Iba-1 expression and PKCε and STAT3 coexpression. Interleukin-6 promoter activity increased in the presence of PKCε and STAT3. The interaction with PKCε increased on phosphorylating STAT3 at Ser727 but not at Tyr705. Conclusion STAT3 phosphorylation at Ser 727 and the interaction with PKCε contribute to hyperalgesia via the IL-6-mediated signaling pathway, thus regulating neuron–glia crosstalk during inflammatory pain.
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Magee CP, Le BD, Siripathane YH, Wilkins DG, Hanson GR, Fleckenstein AE. Methcathinone decreases dopamine transporter function: Role of protein kinase C. J Neurochem 2021; 159:116-127. [PMID: 34320222 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methcathinone (MCAT) is a psychostimulant of abuse that can cause both persistent striatal dopaminergic and serotonergic, as well as hippocampal serotonergic, deficits. Evidence suggests that the rapid effects of stimulants that are structurally and mechanistically similar to MCAT on monoamine transporter function may contribute to the abuse liability and/or persistent monoaminergic deficits caused by these agents. Thus, effects of MCAT on 1) striatal dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT); and 2) striatal and hippocampal serotonin transporter (SERT) function, as determined in tissues from adult male rats, were assessed. As reported previously, a single administration of MCAT rapidly (within 1 hr) decreases striatal [3 H]DA uptake. Similarly, incubation of rat synaptosomes with MCAT at 37℃ (but not 4˚C) decreased striatal [3 H]DA uptake. Incubation with MCAT likewise decreased [3 H]5HT but not vesicular [3 H]DA uptake. MCAT incubation in vitro was without effect on [3 H]DA uptake in striatal synaptosomes prepared from MCAT-treated rats. The decrease in [3 H]DA uptake caused by MCAT incubation: (a) reflected a decrease in Vmax , with minimal change in Km , and (b) was attenuated by co-incubation with the cell-permeable calcium chelator, N,N'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-phenylene)]bis[N-[2-[(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-1,1'-bis[(acetyloxy)methyl] ester-glycine (BAPTA-AM), as well as the non-selective protein kinase-C (PKC) inhibitors bisindolylmaleimide-1 (BIM-1) and 2-[1-3(Aminopropyl)indol-3-yl]-3(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)maleimide (or Bisindolylmaleimide VIII; Ro-31-7549). Taken together, these results suggest that in vitro MCAT incubation may model important aspects of MCAT administration in vivo, and that calcium and PKC contribute to the in vitro effects of MCAT on DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte P Magee
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - BaoMinh D Le
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Diana G Wilkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Glen R Hanson
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Annette E Fleckenstein
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Shin EJ, Jeong JH, Nguyen BT, Sharma N, Nah SY, Chung YH, Lee Y, Byun JK, Nabeshima T, Ko SK, Kim HC. Ginsenoside Re Protects against Serotonergic Behaviors Evoked by 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodo-amphetamine in Mice via Inhibition of PKCδ-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137219. [PMID: 34281274 PMCID: PMC8268959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been recognized that serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A) agonist 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-amphetamine (DOI) impairs serotonergic homeostasis. However, the mechanism of DOI-induced serotonergic behaviors remains to be explored. Moreover, little is known about therapeutic interventions against serotonin syndrome, although evidence suggests that ginseng might possess modulating effects on the serotonin system. As ginsenoside Re (GRe) is well-known as a novel antioxidant in the nervous system, we investigated whether GRe modulates 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOI-induced serotonin impairments. We proposed that protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) mediates serotonergic impairments. Treatment with GRe or 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL11939 significantly attenuated DOI-induced serotonergic behaviors (i.e., overall serotonergic syndrome behaviors, head twitch response, hyperthermia) by inhibiting mitochondrial translocation of PKCδ, reducing mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mitochondrial oxidative stress in wild-type mice. These attenuations were in line with those observed upon PKCδ inhibition (i.e., pharmacologic inhibitor rottlerin or PKCδ knockout mice). Furthermore, GRe was not further implicated in attenuation mediated by PKCδ knockout in mice. Our results suggest that PKCδ is a therapeutic target for GRe against serotonergic behaviors induced by DOI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea; (E.-J.S.); (B.-T.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Bao-Trong Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea; (E.-J.S.); (B.-T.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea; (E.-J.S.); (B.-T.N.); (N.S.)
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Yoon Hee Chung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Yi Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science & Technology, Chungbuk National University, Chungju 28644, Korea;
| | - Jae Kyung Byun
- Korea Society of Forest Environmental Research, Namyanju 12106, Korea;
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Sung Kwon Ko
- Department of Oriental Medical Food and Nutrition, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.K.K.); (H.-C.K.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6917 (H.-C.K.); Fax: +82-33-259-5631 (H.-C.K.)
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea; (E.-J.S.); (B.-T.N.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.K.); (H.-C.K.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6917 (H.-C.K.); Fax: +82-33-259-5631 (H.-C.K.)
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Limanaqi F, Busceti CL, Celli R, Biagioni F, Fornai F. Autophagy as a gateway for the effects of methamphetamine: From neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 204:102112. [PMID: 34171442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a major eukaryotic cell clearing machinery, autophagy grants cell proteostasis, which is key for neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival. In line with this, besides neuropathological events, autophagy dysfunctions are bound to synaptic alterations that occur in mental disorders, and early on, in neurodegenerative diseases. This is also the case of methamphetamine (METH) abuse, which leads to psychiatric disturbances and neurotoxicity. While consistently altering the autophagy machinery, METH produces behavioral and neurotoxic effects through molecular and biochemical events that can be recapitulated by autophagy blockade. These consist of altered physiological dopamine (DA) release, abnormal stimulation of DA and glutamate receptors, as well as oxidative, excitotoxic, and neuroinflammatory events. Recent molecular insights suggest that METH early impairs the autophagy machinery, though its functional significance remains to be investigated. Here we discuss evidence suggesting that alterations of DA transmission and autophagy are intermingled within a chain of events underlying behavioral alterations and neurodegenerative phenomena produced by METH. Understanding how METH alters the autophagy machinery is expected to provide novel insights into the neurobiology of METH addiction sharing some features with psychiatric disorders and parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Celli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126, Pisa, PI, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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Hao Y, Xing M, Gu X. Research Progress on Oxidative Stress and Its Nutritional Regulation Strategies in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1384. [PMID: 34068057 PMCID: PMC8152462 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to the dramatic increase in the production of free radicals in human and animal bodies or the decrease in the ability to scavenging free radicals, thus breaking the antioxidation-oxidation balance. Various factors can induce oxidative stress in pig production. Oxidative stress has an important effect on pig performance and healthy growth, and has become one of the important factors restricting pig production. Based on the overview of the generation of oxidative stress, its effects on pigs, and signal transduction pathways, this paper discussed the nutritional measures to alleviate oxidative stress in pigs, in order to provide ideas for the nutritional research of anti-oxidative stress in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (M.X.)
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10
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Wu M, Su H, Zhao M. The Role of α-Synuclein in Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1007-1021. [PMID: 33555547 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), a highly addictive psychostimulant, is the second most widely used illicit drug. METH produces damage dopamine neurons and apoptosis via multiple inter-regulating mechanisms, including dopamine overload, hyperthermia, oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein degradation system dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Increasing evidence suggests that chronic METH abuse is associated with neurodegenerative changes in the human brain and an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). METH use and PD may share some common steps in causing neurotoxicity. Accumulation of α-synuclein, a presynaptic protein, is the pathological hallmark of PD. Intriguingly, α-synuclein upregulation and aggregation are also found in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in chronic METH users. This suggests α-synuclein may play a role in METH-induced neurotoxicity. The mechanism of α-synuclein cytotoxicity in PD has attracted considerable attention; however, how α-synuclein affects METH-induced neurotoxicity has not been reviewed. In this review, we summarize the relationship between METH use and PD, interdependent mechanisms that are involved in METH-induced neurotoxicity and the significance of α-synuclein upregulation in response to METH use. The identification of α-synuclein overexpression and aggregation as a contributor to METH-induced neurotoxicity may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of the deleterious effect of this drug and drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqing Wu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Blackwood CA, McCoy MT, Ladenheim B, Cadet JL. Oxycodone self-administration activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MAPK-MSK) signaling pathway in the rat dorsal striatum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2567. [PMID: 33510349 PMCID: PMC7843984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify signaling pathways activated by oxycodone self-administration (SA), Sprague–Dawley rats self-administered oxycodone for 20 days using short—(ShA, 3 h) and long-access (LgA, 9 h) paradigms. Animals were euthanized 2 h after SA cessation and dorsal striata were used in post-mortem molecular analyses. LgA rats escalated their oxycodone intake and separated into lower (LgA-L) or higher (LgA-H) oxycodone takers. LgA-H rats showed increased striatal protein phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and MSK1/2. Histone H3, phosphorylated at serine 10 and acetylated at lysine 14 (H3S10pK14Ac), a MSK1/2 target, showed increased abundance only in LgA-H rats. RT-qPCR analyses revealed increased AMPA receptor subunits, GluA2 and GluA3 mRNAs, in the LgA-H rats. GluA3, but not GluA2, mRNA expression correlated positively with changes in pMSK1/2 and H3S10pK14Ac. These findings suggest that escalated oxycodone SA results in MSK1/2-dependent histone phosphorylation and increases in striatal gene expression. These observations offer potential avenues for interventions against oxycodone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Blackwood
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michael T McCoy
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Bruce Ladenheim
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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S Valvassori S, H Cararo J, Peper-Nascimento J, L Ferreira C, F Gava F, C Dal-Pont G, L Andersen M, Quevedo J. Protein kinase C isoforms as a target for manic-like behaviors and oxidative stress in a dopaminergic animal model of mania. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 101:109940. [PMID: 32243997 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic condition characterized by severe mood swings alternating between episodes of mania and depression. Evidence indicates that protein kinase C (PKC) and oxidative stress are important therapeutic targets for BD. However, what PKC isoforms that are precisely involved in this effect are unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of PKC inhibitors (lithium (Li), tamoxifen (TMX), PKCα inhibitor (iPKCα), PKCγ inhibitor (iPKCγ), and PKCε inhibitor (iPKCε)) on the manic-like behaviors and oxidative stress parameters (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), 8-isoprostane (8-ISO), carbonyl groups, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR)) in the brains of rats submitted to the model of mania induced by methamphetamine (m-AMPH). Animals received a single ICV infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid, Li, TMX, iPKCα, iPKCγ or iPKCε followed by an intraperitoneal injection of saline or m-AMPH before the behavioral analysis (open-field task). Oxidative stress was evaluated in the striatum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus. ICV injection of Li, TMX or iPKCε blocked the m-AMPH-induced increase in the manic-like behaviors - crossings, rearings, visits to the center, sniffing, and grooming. ICV infusion of iPKCα triggered a decrease in these behaviors induced by m-AMPH. Besides, the iPKCε administration significantly prevented the oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, as well as disturbances in the activity of antioxidant enzymes induced by m-AMPH. The findings of the present study suggest that PKCε isoform is strongly implied in the antimanic and antioxidant effects of Li, TMX, and the other PKC inhibitors in the model of mania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira S Valvassori
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - José H Cararo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Camila L Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Gava
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Dal-Pont
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Departament of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), TX, USA
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13
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Phan DH, Shin EJ, Sharma N, Hoang Yen TP, Dang DK, Lee YS, Lee YJ, Nah SY, Cheong JH, Jeong JH, Kim HC. 5-HT 2A receptor-mediated PKCδ phosphorylation is critical for serotonergic impairments induced by p-chloroamphetamine in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111395. [PMID: 32437895 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p-Chloroamphetamine (PCA), an amphetamine derivative, has been shown to induce serotonergic toxicity. However, the precise mechanism of serotonergic toxicity induced by PCA remains unclear. In this study, PCA treatment (20 mg/kg, i.p.) did not significantly change 5-HT1A receptor gene expression, but significantly increased 5-HT2A receptor gene expression. Furthermore, 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL11939, but not 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635, significantly attenuated PCA-induced serotonergic impairments. We investigated whether PCA activated a specific isoform of protein kinase C (PKC), since previous evidence indicated the involvement of PKC in neurotoxicity induced by amphetamines. We observed that PCA treatment significantly increased the expression levels of PKCδ among all PKC isoforms. MDL11939 treatment significantly attenuated PCA-induced phosphorylation of PKCδ. However, PCA-induced increase in 5-HT2A receptor gene expression was not altered by rottlerin (a pharmacological inhibitor of PKCδ) in mice, suggesting that 5-HT2A receptor is an upstream molecule for the activation of PKCδ. Rottlerin or PKCδ knockout significantly attenuated serotonergic behaviors. However, MDL11939 did not show any additional effects against the attenuation caused by PKCδ knockout in mice, suggesting that PKCδ gene is a molecular target for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated serotonergic effects. Our results suggest that 5-HT2A receptor mediates PCA-induced serotonergic impairments via activation of PKC.δ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieu Hien Phan
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea; School of Medicine and Pharmacy - Hoa Quy Ward, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Phi Hoang Yen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Ho Chi Minh City, 710000, Viet Nam
| | - Duy-Khanh Dang
- Pharmacy Faculty, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeung Lee
- Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Lai CC, Fang C, Kuo CY, Wu YW, Lin HH. Activation of mGluR5 and NMDA Receptor Pathways in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla as a Central Mechanism for Methamphetamine-Induced Pressor Effect in Rats. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010149. [PMID: 31963318 PMCID: PMC7022376 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hypertension produced by methamphetamine (MA) is well known, mainly by the enhancement of catecholamine release from sympathetic terminals. However, the central pressor mechanism of the blood-brain-barrier-penetrating molecule remains unclear. We used radio-telemetry and femoral artery cannulation to monitor the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious free-moving and urethane-anesthetized rats, respectively. Expression of Fos protein (Fos) and phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN1 in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were detected using Western blot analysis. ELISA was carried out for detection of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in the RVLM. MA-induced glutamate release in the RVLM was assayed using in vivo microdialysis and HPLC. Systemic or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of MA augments the MAP and increases Fos expression, PKC activity, and phosphorylated GluN1-ser 896 (pGluN1-ser 896) in the RVLM. However, direct microinjection of MA into the RVLM did not change the MAP. Unilateral microinjection of a PKC inhibitor or a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonist into the RVLM dose-dependently attenuated the i.c.v. MA-induced increase in MAP and pGluN1-ser 896. Our data suggested that MA may give rise to glutamate release in the RVLM further to the activation of mGluR5-PKC pathways, which would serve as a central mechanism for the MA-induced pressor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chia Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Chi Fang
- Master Program in Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.F.); (C.-Y.K.); (Y.-W.W.)
| | - Chung-Yi Kuo
- Master Program in Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.F.); (C.-Y.K.); (Y.-W.W.)
| | - Ya-Wen Wu
- Master Program in Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.F.); (C.-Y.K.); (Y.-W.W.)
| | - Hsun-Hsun Lin
- Master Program in Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.F.); (C.-Y.K.); (Y.-W.W.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-856-5301 (ext. 2124)
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15
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Protein kinase Cδ mediates methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice via activation of microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110761. [PMID: 31422080 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that activation of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) is critical for methamphetamine (MA)-induced dopaminergic toxicity. It was recognized that microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) also induces dopaminergic neurotoxicity. It was demonstrated that inhibition of PKC modulates the expression of mEH. We investigated whether MA-induced PKCδ activation requires mEH induction in mice. MA treatment (8 mg/kg, i.p., × 4; 2 h interval) significantly enhanced the level of phosphorylated PKCδ in the striatum of wild type (WT) mice. Subsequently, treatment with MA resulted in significant increases in the expression of cleaved PKCδ and mEH. Treatment with MA resulted in enhanced interaction between PKCδ and mEH. PKCδ knockout mice exhibited significant attenuation of the enhanced mEH expression induced by MA. MA-induced hyperthermia, oxidative stress, proapoptotic potentials, and dopaminergic impairments were attenuated by PKCδ knockout or mEH knockout in mice. However, treating mEH knockout in mice with PKCδ inhibitor, rottlerin did not show any additive beneficial effects, indicating that mEH is a critical mediator of neurotoxic potential of PKCδ. Our results suggest that MA-induced PKCδ activation requires mEH induction as a downstream signaling pathway and that the modulation of the PKCδ and mEH interaction is important for the pharmacological intervention against MA-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity.
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16
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The effects of proteasome on baseline and methamphetamine-dependent dopamine transmission. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:308-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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