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Pinoșanu EA, Surugiu R, Burada E, Pîrșcoveanu D, Stănciulescu CE, Sandu RE, Pisoschi C, Albu CV. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Concurrent COVID-19 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16790. [PMID: 38069113 PMCID: PMC10706234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a debilitating cerebrovascular condition associated with oxidative stress, while COVID-19 has emerged as a global health crisis with multifaceted systemic implications. This study investigates the hypothesis that patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke alongside COVID-19 exhibit elevated oxidative stress markers and altered antioxidant defense mechanisms compared to those with acute ischemic stroke. We conducted a single-center prospective cross-sectional study to investigate oxidative stress balance through oxidative damage markers: TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level) and PCARB (protein carbonyls); antioxidant defense mechanisms: TAC (total antioxidant capacity), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GSH (reduced glutathione), CAT (catalase), and SOD (superoxide dismutase); as well as inflammatory response markers: NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), CRP (C-reactive protein), and ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Statistical analyses and correlation models were employed to elucidate potential associations and predictive factors. Our results revealed increased oxidative stress, predominantly indicated by elevated levels of TBARS in individuals experiencing ischemic stroke alongside a concurrent COVID-19 infection (p < 0.0001). The Stroke-COVID group displayed notably elevated levels of GSH (p = 0.0139 *), GPx (p < 0.0001 ****), SOD (p = 0.0363 *), and CAT (p = 0.0237 *) activities. Multivariate analysis found a significant association for TBARS (p < 0.0001 ****), PCARB (p = 0.0259 *), and GPx activity (p < 0.0001 ****), together with NLR (p = 0.0220 *) and CRP (p = 0.0008 ***). Notably, the interplay between stroke and COVID-19 infection appears to amplify oxidative damage, potentially contributing to exacerbated neurological deficits and poorer outcomes. This study highlights the intricate relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, and concurrent health conditions. Understanding these interactions may open avenues for novel therapeutic strategies aimed at ameliorating oxidative damage in patients with acute ischemic stroke and COVID-19, ultimately improving their prognosis and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Anca Pinoșanu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (E.A.P.); (D.P.); (C.V.A.)
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania
| | - Roxana Surugiu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (R.S.); (C.E.S.)
| | - Emilia Burada
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Denisa Pîrșcoveanu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (E.A.P.); (D.P.); (C.V.A.)
| | - Camelia Elena Stănciulescu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (R.S.); (C.E.S.)
| | - Raluca Elena Sandu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (E.A.P.); (D.P.); (C.V.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (R.S.); (C.E.S.)
| | - Cătălina Pisoschi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (R.S.); (C.E.S.)
| | - Carmen Valeria Albu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (E.A.P.); (D.P.); (C.V.A.)
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Concurrent training is able to increase the activity of adenosine deaminase in platelets in young women. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fanarioti E, Tsarouchi M, Vasilakopoulou PB, Chiou A, Karvelas M, Karathanos VT, Dermon CR. Brain polar phenol content, behavioural and neurochemical effects of Corinthian currant in a rotenone rat model of Parkinson's disease. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 26:652-666. [PMID: 35656969 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2080792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, leading to reduced motor control. A contributing factor for the nigrostriatal degeneration is known to be oxidative stress, while antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties of natural polyphenols have been suggested to show beneficial effects. The present study questioned the potential neuroprotective effects of supplementary diet with Corinthian currant, using a rat rotenone PD model. METHODS The alterations in motor activity, brain Corinthian currant polar phenols' accumulation, expression patterns of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system were determined in rotenone-treated, currant-diet rats and matching controls. RESULTS Rotenone treatment resulted in motor deficits and TH expression decreases in the nigrostriatal pathway, exhibiting PD-like behavioural motor and neurochemical phenotypes. Interestingly, 38 days Corinthian currant consumption resulted in differential accumulation of polar phenols in mesencephalon and striatum and had a significant effect on attenuating motor deficits and dopaminergic cell loss in substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition, it induced up-regulation of BDNF expression in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. DISCUSSION Taken all together, evidence is provided for the potential neuroprotective influences of Corinthian currant consumption, involving the neurotrophic factor BDNF, in rescuing aspects of PD-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Fanarioti
- Department of Biology, University of Patras - Patras Campus Rion: Panepistemio Patron, Patras, Greece
| | - Martha Tsarouchi
- Department of Biology, University of Patras - Patras Campus Rion: Panepistemio Patron, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Antonia Chiou
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vaios T Karathanos
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Agricultural Cooperatives' Union of Aeghion, Aigio, Greece
| | - Catherine R Dermon
- Department of Biology, University of Patras - Patras Campus Rion: Panepistemio Patron, Patras, Greece
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Mourtzi T, Dimitrakopoulos D, Kakogiannis D, Salodimitris C, Botsakis K, Meri DK, Anesti M, Dimopoulou A, Charalampopoulos I, Gravanis A, Matsokis N, Angelatou F, Kazanis I. Characterization of substantia nigra neurogenesis in homeostasis and dopaminergic degeneration: beneficial effects of the microneurotrophin BNN-20. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:335. [PMID: 34112234 PMCID: PMC8193896 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) underlines much of the pathology of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the existence of an endogenous neurogenic system that could be targeted as a therapeutic strategy has been controversial. BNN-20 is a synthetic, BDNF-mimicking, microneurotrophin that we previously showed to exhibit a pleiotropic neuroprotective effect on the dopaminergic neurons of the SNpc in the “weaver” mouse model of PD. Here, we assessed its potential effects on neurogenesis. Methods We quantified total numbers of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc of wild-type and “weaver” mice, with or without administration of BNN-20, and we employed BrdU labelling and intracerebroventricular injections of DiI to evaluate the existence of dopaminergic neurogenesis in the SNpc and to assess the origin of newborn dopaminergic neurons. The in vivo experiments were complemented by in vitro proliferation/differentiation assays of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from the substantia nigra and the subependymal zone (SEZ) stem cell niche to further characterize the effects of BNN-20. Results Our analysis revealed the existence of a low-rate turnover of dopaminergic neurons in the normal SNpc and showed, using three independent lines of experiments (stereologic cell counts, BrdU and DiI tracing), that the administration of BNN-20 leads to increased neurogenesis in the SNpc and to partial reversal of dopaminergic cell loss. The newly born dopaminergic neurons, that are partially originated from the SEZ, follow the typical nigral maturation pathway, expressing the transcription factor FoxA2. Importantly, the pro-cytogenic effects of BNN-20 were very strong in the SNpc, but were absent in other brain areas such as the cortex or the stem cell niche of the hippocampus. Moreover, although the in vitro assays showed that BNN-20 enhances the differentiation of NSCs towards glia and neurons, its in vivo administration stimulated only neurogenesis. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the existence of a neurogenic system in the SNpc that can be manipulated in order to regenerate the depleted dopaminergic cell population in the “weaver” PD mouse model. Microneurotrophin BNN-20 emerges as an excellent candidate for future PD cell replacement therapies, due to its area-specific, pro-neurogenic effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02398-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Mourtzi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece. .,Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece.
| | | | - Dimitrios Kakogiannis
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Charalampos Salodimitris
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Botsakis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Danai Kassandra Meri
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Anesti
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece.,Lab of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Dimopoulou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis Charalampopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71500, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Achilleas Gravanis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71500, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Matsokis
- Lab of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Fevronia Angelatou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Ilias Kazanis
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece.
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Alachkar A, Ojha SK, Sadeq A, Adem A, Frank A, Stark H, Sadek B. Experimental Models for the Discovery of Novel Anticonvulsant Drugs: Focus on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures and Associated Memory Deficits. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1693-1711. [PMID: 32003682 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200131105324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by irregular, excessive neuronal excitability, and recurrent seizures that affect millions of patients worldwide. Currently, accessible antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) do not adequately support all epilepsy patients, with around 30% patients not responding to the existing therapies. As lifelong epilepsy treatment is essential, the search for new and more effective AEDs with an enhanced safety profile is a significant therapeutic goal. Seizures are a combination of electrical and behavioral events that can induce biochemical, molecular, and anatomic changes. Therefore, appropriate animal models are required to evaluate novel potential AEDs. Among the large number of available animal models of seizures, the acute pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced myoclonic seizure model is the most widely used model assessing the anticonvulsant effect of prospective AEDs, whereas chronic PTZ-kindled seizure models represent chronic models in which the repeated administration of PTZ at subconvulsive doses leads to the intensification of seizure activity or enhanced seizure susceptibility similar to that in human epilepsy. In this review, we summarized the memory deficits accompanying acute or chronic PTZ seizure models and how these deficits were evaluated applying several behavioral animal models. Furthermore, major advantages and limitations of the PTZ seizure models in the discovery of new AEDs were highlighted. With a focus on PTZ seizures, the major biochemicals, as well as morphological alterations and the modulated brain neurotransmitter levels associated with memory deficits have been illustrated. Moreover, numerous medicinal compounds with concurrent anticonvulsant, procognitive, antioxidant effects, modulating effects on several brain neurotransmitters in rodents, and several newly developed classes of compounds applying computer-aided drug design (CADD) have been under development as potential AEDs. The article details the in-silico approach following CADD, which can be utilized for generating libraries of novel compounds for AED discovery. Additionally, in vivo studies could be useful in demonstrating efficacy, safety, and novel mode of action of AEDs for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Alachkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666 Al Ain, United States.,Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United States
| | - Shreesh K Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666 Al Ain, United States.,Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United States
| | - Adel Sadeq
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666 Al Ain, United States.,Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United States
| | - Annika Frank
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666 Al Ain, United States.,Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United States
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Mititelu RR, Pădureanu R, Băcănoiu M, Pădureanu V, Docea AO, Calina D, Barbulescu AL, Buga AM. Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers-Mirror Tools in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E125. [PMID: 32429264 PMCID: PMC7277871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease, associated with significant morbidity, mainly due to progressive damage and consequent disability. Oxidative stress is an important part of RA pathophysiology, as in autoimmune disease the interaction between immune response and endogenous/exogenous antigens subsequently induce the production of reactive oxygen species. The oxidative stress process seems to be positively strongly correlated with inflammation and accelerated joint destruction. We were asking ourselves if the oxidative stress biomarkers are the mirror tools of disease activity, outcome, and inflammation level in a group of RA patients under standard or biological therapy compared to healthy age-matched controls. In order to do this, the oxidative stress damage biomarkers (lipids peroxide and protein carbonyl level), antioxidant defense capacity, and pro-inflammatory status of plasma were quantified. In this study, we took into account the complete picture of RA diseases and assessed, for the first time, the inflammatory level in correlation with the oxidative stress level and antioxidant capacity of RA patients. Our results revealed that protein oxidation through carbonylation is significantly increased in RA groups compared to controls, and both protein carbonyl Pcarb and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) are reliable markers of ROS damage. Therefore, it is unanimous that neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio ( MLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PltLR) correlated with Pcarb, and TBARS can provide a view of the complex phenomenon represented by proteins/lipids damage, key contributors to disease outcome, and an increased awareness should be attributed to these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Răzvan Mititelu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (R.R.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Rodica Pădureanu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (R.R.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Manuela Băcănoiu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine, University of Craiova, 200207 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Vlad Pădureanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Andreea Lili Barbulescu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Buga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (R.R.M.); (R.P.)
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Padureanu R, Albu CV, Mititelu RR, Bacanoiu MV, Docea AO, Calina D, Padureanu V, Olaru G, Sandu RE, Malin RD, Buga AM. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Interdependence in Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111815. [PMID: 31683787 PMCID: PMC6912446 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to explore the oxidative status related to inflammation in peripheral blood of stable relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with low disability. In this study, 31 people were included and divided into two groups: an MS group in which 16 relapsing-remitting MS patients with a low disability level (age 38.9 ± 7.08, EDSS median 2.5) were included and a control group that contains 15 healthy volunteers of similar age to the MS group. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl level (PCO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as oxidative stress markers, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were analyzed in the peripheral blood sample of the healthy and the MS patients to establish the oxidative stress/inflammatory level using conventional plasma markers. In this study, we showed that the pro-inflammatory status of the relapse-remitting stage of diseases can be easily and accurately appreciated by NLR. An increased NLR is associated with a decreased antioxidant capacity, even in the early stage of neuronal damage. Oxidative stress associated with inflammation aggravates the functional outcome, potentiates neuronal damage, and can accelerate the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Padureanu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Carmen Valeria Albu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Radu Razvan Mititelu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Manuela Violeta Bacanoiu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine, University of Craiova, 200207 Craiova, Romania.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Vlad Padureanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Gabriela Olaru
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine, University of Craiova, 200207 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Raluca Elena Sandu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ramona Denise Malin
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ana-Maria Buga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
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Ray A, Kambali M, Ravindranath V. Thiol Oxidation by Diamide Leads to Dopaminergic Degeneration and Parkinsonism Phenotype in Mice: A Model for Parkinson's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:252-67. [PMID: 27121974 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigates the role of thiol homeostasis disruption in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis using a novel animal model. A single unilateral administration of the thiol oxidant, diamide (1.45 μmol) into substantia nigra (SN) of mice leads to locomotor deficits and degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in SN pars compacta (SNpc). RESULTS Diamide-injected mice showed hemiparkinsonian behavior, measured as spontaneous contralateral body rotations, poor grip strength, and impaired locomotion on a rotarod. We observed a significant loss of DA neurons in ipsilateral but not contralateral SNpc and their striatal fibers. This was accompanied by increased Fluoro-Jade C-positive cells and a loss of NeuN-positive neurons, indicative of neurodegeneration. Importantly, diamide injection led to α-synuclein aggregation in ipsilateral SNpc, a hallmark of PD pathology not often seen in animal models of PD. On investigating putative mechanism(s) involved, we observed a loss of glutathione, which is essential for maintaining protein thiol homeostasis (PTH). Concomitantly, the redox-sensitive ASK1-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) death signaling pathway was activated in the ipsilateral but not contralateral ventral midbrain through dissociation of ASK1-Trx1 complex. In Neuro-2a cells, diamide activated ASK1-p38 cascade through Trx1 oxidation, leading to cell death, which was abolished by ASK1 knockdown. INNOVATION Since diamide selectively disrupts PTH, DA neurons appear to be vulnerable to such perturbations and even a single insult with a thiol oxidant can result in long-lasting degeneration. CONCLUSION Identification of the role of PTH dysregulation in neurodegeneration, especially in early PD, not only facilitates an understanding of novel regulatory features of molecular signaling cascades but also may aid in developing disease-modifying strategies for PD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 252-267.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Ray
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, India .,2 National Brain Research Centre , Manesar, India
| | - Maltesh Kambali
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, India
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Botsakis K, Theodoritsi S, Grintzalis K, Angelatou F, Antonopoulos I, Georgiou C, Margarity M, Matsokis N, Panagopoulos N. 17β-Estradiol/N-acetylcysteine interaction enhances the neuroprotective effect on dopaminergic neurons in the weaver model of dopamine deficiency. Neuroscience 2016; 320:221-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Escin, a Novel Triterpene, Mitigates Chronic MPTP/p-Induced Dopaminergic Toxicity by Attenuating Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:184-197. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ignea C, Dorobanţu CM, Mintoff CP, Branza-Nichita N, Ladomery MR, Kefalas P, Chedea VS. Modulation of the antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance, cytotoxicity and antiviral actions of grape seed extracts. Food Chem 2013; 141:3967-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hackett MJ, Smith SE, Paterson PG, Nichol H, Pickering IJ, George GN. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge: a new tool to investigate the biochemical mechanisms of neurodegeneration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:178-85. [PMID: 22860187 PMCID: PMC3369794 DOI: 10.1021/cn200097s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur containing molecules such as thiols, disulfides, sulfoxides, sulfonic acids, and sulfates may contribute to neurodegenerative processes. However, previous study in this field has been limited by the lack of in situ analytical techniques. This limitation may now be largely overcome following the development of synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge, which has been validated as a novel tool to investigate and image the speciation of sulfur in situ. In this investigation, we build the foundation required for future application of this technique to study and image the speciation of sulfur in situ within brain tissue. This study has determined the effect of sample preparation and fixation methods on the speciation of sulfur in thin sections of rat brain tissue, determined the speciation of sulfur within specific brain regions (brain stem and cerebellum), and identified sulfur specific markers of peroxidative stress following metal catalyzed reactive oxygen species production. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge is now poised for an exciting new range of applications to study thiol redox, methionine oxidation, and the role of taurine and sulfatides during neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Hackett
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatchewan S7NSE2, Canada
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Emerging roles for G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels in health and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2010; 11:301-15. [PMID: 20389305 DOI: 10.1038/nrn2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels hyperpolarize neurons in response to activation of many different G protein-coupled receptors and thus control the excitability of neurons through GIRK-mediated self-inhibition, slow synaptic potentials and volume transmission. GIRK channel function and trafficking are highly dependent on the channel subunit composition. Pharmacological investigations of GIRK channels and studies in animal models suggest that GIRK activity has an important role in physiological responses, including pain perception and memory modulation. Moreover, abnormal GIRK function has been implicated in altering neuronal excitability and cell death, which may be important in the pathophysiology of diseases such as epilepsy, Down's syndrome, Parkinson's disease and drug addiction. GIRK channels may therefore prove to be a valuable new therapeutic target.
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Altered expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in weaver mutant mice. Brain Res 2010; 1326:40-50. [PMID: 20219442 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The weaver mouse represents the only genetic animal model of gradual nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration which is proposed as a pathophysiological phenotype of Parkinson's disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the nitric oxide and dopaminergic systems in selected brain regions of homozygous weaver mice at different postnatal ages corresponding to specific stages of the dopamine loss. Structural deficits were evaluated by quantification of tyrosine hydroxylase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunostaining in the cortex, striatum, accumbens nuclei, subthalamic nuclei, ventral tegmental area, and substantia nigra compacta of 10-day, 1- and 2-month-old wild-type and weaver mutant mice. The results confirmed the progressive loss of dopamine during the postnatal development in the adult weaver mainly affecting the substantia nigra pars compacta, striatum, and subthalamic nucleus and slightly affecting the accumbens nuclei and ventral tegmental area. A general decrease in neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunostaining with age was revealed in both the weaver and wild-type mice, with the decrease being most pronounced in the weaver. In contrast, there was an increase in the substantia nigra pars compacta nitric oxide synthase-immunostaining and a decrease mainly in the subthalamic and accumbens nuclei of the 2-month-old weaver mutant. The decrease in the expression of nNOS may bear functional significance related to the process of aging. DA neurons from the substantia nigra directly modulate the activity of subthalamic nucleus neurons, and their loss may contribute to the abnormal activity of subthalamic nucleus neurons. Although the functional significance of these changes is not clear, it may represent plastic compensating adjustments resulting from the loss of dopamine innervation, highlighting a possible role of nitric oxide in this process.
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KALAFATI MARIA, JAMURTAS ATHANASIOSZ, NIKOLAIDIS MICHALISG, PASCHALIS VASSILIS, THEODOROU ANASTASIOSA, SAKELLARIOU GIORGOSK, KOUTEDAKIS YIANNIS, KOURETAS DIMITRIS. Ergogenic and Antioxidant Effects of Spirulina Supplementation in Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:142-51. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181ac7a45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Amari F, Fettouche A, Samra MA, Kefalas P, Kampranis SC, Makris AM. Antioxidant small molecules confer variable protection against oxidative damage in yeast mutants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:11740-11751. [PMID: 19049288 DOI: 10.1021/jf802829r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To assess the capacity of small molecules to function as antioxidants in pathologic conditions, a set of yeast assays utilizing strains deficient in the antioxidant machinery was applied with measurements of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and induction of the stress responsive proteins oye2 and oye3. Yeast strains deficient in superoxide dismutase (Delta sod1), catalase A (Delta cta1), and double-deficient in Old Yellow enzyme 2 and glutathione reductase 1 (Delta oye2 glr1) were supplemented with ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, caffeic acid, or quercetin, subjected to pro-oxidant insult, and monitored for growth recovery. Ascorbic acid and caffeic acid protected cells under most circumstances, whereas beta-carotene and quercetin protection was highly context dependent, exhibiting protection in some cases and inhibition in others. Beta-carotene and quercetin elevated substantially endogenous levels of ROS in some yeast mutants. Quercetin supplementation increased significantly GSH and GSSG levels but could not maintain GSH levels in H(2)O(2)-exposed cells. Induction of the stress response machinery was manifested by the strong up-regulation of a chromosomally encoded OYE2-GFP fusion. In the case of quercetin, there was simultaneous induction of OYE3-GFP, which was previously shown to sensitize cells to H(2)O(2)-induced programmed cell death (PCD). Taken together, the results show that mutations in the antioxidant machinery affect significantly the capacity of dietary antioxidants to protect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foued Amari
- Department of Natural Products, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, P.O. Box 85, Chania 73100, Greece
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Chen W, Zhao Y, Seefeldt T, Guan X. Determination of thiols and disulfides via HPLC quantification of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:1375-80. [PMID: 18926658 PMCID: PMC2684446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 07/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work presents an assay for total thiols and total disulfides in biological samples via HPLC quantification of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB) derived from the reaction of thiols with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB, Ellman's reagent). This method also provides simultaneous quantification of glutathione (GSH) via the measurement of the GSH-DTNB adduct (GSH-TNB). By using 326nm as the detecting wavelength, the HPLC detection limit for TNB and the GSH-TNB adduct was determined to be 15 and 7.5pmol respectively. A recovery study with OVCAR-3 cells revealed that the recovery yields for TNB in the procedures for determining non-protein thiols, protein thiols, non-protein disulfides, and protein disulfides were 99.4+/-1.2% (n=3), 98.1+/-5.0% (n=3), 95.6+/-0.9% (n=3), and 96.6+/-2.3% (n=3) respectively. The recovery yield for GSH-TNB in the procedures for determining non-protein thiols, protein thiols, non-protein disulfides, and protein disulfides was 99.0+/-0.3% (n=3), 95.1+/-4.9% (n=3), 96.8+/-0.6% (n=3), and 95.1+/-2.9% (n=3) respectively. The reproducibility, expressed as the relative standard deviation for the analyte, for TNB was determined to be 2.8% (n=6) for non-protein thiols, 3.9% (n=6) for protein thiols, 3.6% (n=6) for non-protein disulfides and 4.6% (n=6) for protein disulfides. The reproducibility for GSH-TNB was determined to be 1.6% (n=6) for non-protein thiols and 2.6% (n=6) for non-protein disulfides. By comparing the amount of GSH determined in a biological sample before NaBH(4) reduction with that after the reduction, this method can provide information associated with thiol glutathionylation which would be useful for protein glutathionylation study. This method should be applicable to cellular, subcellular, protein, or other biomatrix samples for thiol and disulfide quantification and will be a useful analytical method in the study of thiol redox state and thiol glutathionylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
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18
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Seefeldt T, Zhao Y, Chen W, Raza AS, Carlson L, Herman J, Stoebner A, Hanson S, Foll R, Guan X. Characterization of a novel dithiocarbamate glutathione reductase inhibitor and its use as a tool to modulate intracellular glutathione. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:2729-2737. [PMID: 19049979 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802683200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiol redox state (TRS) is an important parameter to reflect intracellular oxidative stress and is associated with various normal and abnormal biochemical processes. Agents that can be used to increase intracellular TRS will be valuable tools in TRS-related research. Glutathione reductase (GR) is a critical enzyme in the homeostasis of TRS. The enzyme catalyzes the reduction of GSSG to GSH to maintain a high GSH:GSSG ratio. Inhibition of the enzyme can be used to increase TRS. Despite the reports of various GR inhibitors, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea, an anticancer drug with IC(50) = 647 microm against yeast GR, remains the most commonly used GR inhibitor in the literature. However, the toxicity caused by nonspecific interactions, as well as inhibition of DNA synthesis, complicates the use of N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea as a GR inhibitor. We report 2-acetylamino-3-[4-(2-acetylamino-2-carboxyethylsulfanylthiocarbonylamino)phenylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl]propionic acid (2-AAPA) as a novel irreversible GR inhibitor. 2-AAPA was prepared by one-step synthesis from commercially available reagents. The K(i) and k(inact) of 2-AAPA against yeast GR were determined to be 56 microm and 0.1 min(-1), respectively. At the concentration that produced >80% yeast GR inhibition, 2-AAPA showed no inhibition against glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione synthetase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, but minimal inhibition against glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase. In CV-1 cells, 2-AAPA (0.1 mm) produced 97% GR inhibition, 25% GSH reduction, and a 5-fold increase in GSSG in 20 min. The compound can be a useful tool in TRS-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Seefeldt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
| | - Ashraf S Raza
- Covance Bioanalytical Services LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana 46214
| | - Laura Carlson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
| | - Jocqueline Herman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
| | - Adam Stoebner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
| | - Sarah Hanson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
| | - Ryan Foll
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
| | - Xiangming Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007.
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Liu B, Shi Q, Ma S, Feng N, Li J, Wang L, Wang X. Striatal 19S Rpt6 deficit is related to alpha-synuclein accumulation in MPTP-treated mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 376:277-82. [PMID: 18782562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Striatal mitochondrial proteins were investigated using proteomics in the 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Four proteins, 19S proteasome ATPase Rpt6 (19S Rpt6), Lectin-related nature killer cell receptor LY 49S, Zinc finger A20 domain containing 1, and the sodium channel-associated protein 1 isoform 2, were significantly decreased while alpha-synuclein was increased in MPTP-treated mice. The altered levels of 19S Rpt6 and alpha-synuclein were further verified by Western blot. Experiments using small interfering RNA (siRNA) showed that alpha-synuclein was increased by 50% in cultured striatal neurons when 19S Rpt6 was knocked down. Taken together, our results imply that a deficiency in 19S Rpt6 may be partially related to the MPTP-induced increase in alpha-synuclein in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1# Xiannongtan Street, Xuanwu District, Beijing 100050, China
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